Endothelin and dopamine release

Progress in Neurobiology

Volumn 60, Issue 4, 2000, Pages 385-405

  Van Den Buuse, Maarten ^a   Webber, Kim M ^a  

^a BAKER IDI HEART AND DIABETES INSTITUTE   (Australia)

Author keywords

Behaviour; Dopamine; Endothelin; ET(B) receptors; Neuroendocrine; Parkinson's disease; Striatum; Voltammetry

Indexed keywords

DOPAMINE; ENDOTHELIN; ENDOTHELIN 1; ENDOTHELIN B RECEPTOR; ENDOTHELIN RECEPTOR;

BRAIN FUNCTION; BRAIN ISCHEMIA; CORPUS STRIATUM; DOPAMINE RELEASE; NEUROENDOCRINE SYSTEM; NEUROTRANSMISSION; PARKINSON DISEASE; POTENTIOMETRY; PRIORITY JOURNAL; REVIEW;

ANIMALS; BRAIN; DOPAMINE; ENDOTHELINS; HUMANS;

EID: 0033990182     PISSN: 03010082     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/S0301-0082(99)00034-9     Document Type: Review

References (214)

1. B receptor subtypes and super-high affinity binding components. Cell Mol Biol. 42:1996;1243-1257.
2. Arai H., Hori S., Aramori I., Ohkubo H., Nakanishi S. Cloning and expression of a cDNA encoding an endothelin receptor. Nature. 348:1990;730-732.
3. Barnes K., Turner A.J. The endothelin system and endothelin-converting enzyme in the brain: molecular and cellular studies. Neurochem. Res. 22:1997;1033-1040.
4. Barnes K., Walkden B.J., Wilkinson T.C., Turner A.J. Expression of endothelin-converting enzyme in both neuroblastoma and glial cell lines and its localization in rat hippocampus. J. Neurochem. 68:1997;570-577.
5. Blaha C.D., Phillips A.G. A critical assessment of electrochemical procedures applied to the measurement of dopamine and its metabolites during drug-induced and species-typical behaviours. Behav. Pharmacol. 7:1996;675-708.
6. Brian J.E., Faraci F.M., Heistad D.D. Recent insights into the regulation of cerebral circulation. Clin. Exp. Pharmacol. Physiol. 23:1996;449-457.
7. Bucher B., Paya D., Stoclet J.C. Modulation of [3H]noradrenaline release by endothelin-1 in the rat tail artery. Neurochem. Int. 18:1991;455-459.
8. Cadet J.L., Zhu S.M. The intrastriatal 6-hydroxydopamine model of hemiparkinsonism: quantitative receptor autoradiographic evidence of correlation between circling behavior and presynaptic as well as postsynaptic nigrostriatal markers in the rat. Brain Res. 595:1992;316-326.
9. Calogero A.E., Raiti F., Nicolosi G., Burello N., D'Agata R., Mantero F. Effects of endothelin-1 and endothelin-3 on rat hypothalamic corticotrophin-releasing hormone and pituitary ACTH release in vitro. J. Endocr. 140:1994;419-424.
10. Calvo J.J., Gonzalez R., Freire D.C.L., Takahashi K., Kanse S.M., Hart G.R., Ghatei M.A., Bloom S.R. Release of substance P from rat hypothalamus and pituitary by endothelin. Endocrinology. 126:1990;2288-2295.
11. Cazaubon S., Chaverot N., Romero I.A., Girault J.A., Adamson P., Strosberg A.D., Couraud P.O. Growth factor activity of endothelin-1 in primary astrocytes mediated by adhesion-dependent and -independent pathways. J. Neurosci. 17:1997;6203-6212.
12. Chan J., Greenberg D.A. Endothelin and calcium signalling in NG108-15 neuroblastoma x glioma cells. J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. 258:1991;524-530.
13. Choi D.W. Calcium-mediated neurotoxicity: relationship to specific channel types and role in ischemic damage. Trends Neurosci. 11:1988;465-469.
14. Cintra A., Fuxe K., Änggård E., Tinner B., Staines W., Agnati L.F. Increased endothelin-like immunoreactivity in ibotenic acid-lesioned hippocampal formation of the rat brain. Acta Physiol. Scand. 137:1989;557-558.
15. Clozel M., Breu V., Gray G.A., Kalina B., Loffler B.M., Burri K., Cassal J.M., Hirth G., Muller M., Neidhart W., Ramuz H. Pharmacological characterization of bosentan, a new potent orally active nonpeptide endothelin receptor antagonist. J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. 270:1994;228-235.
16. A receptor antagonist, prevents the early cerebral vasospasm following subarachnoid hemorrhage after intracisternal but not intravenous injection. Life Sci. 52:1993;825-834.
17. Cody W.L., Doherty A.M. The development of potent peptide agonists and antagonists for the endothelin receptors. Biopolymers. 37:1995;89-104.
18. Couraud P.O., Durieu-Trautmann O., Le Nguyen D., Marin P., Glibert F., Strosberg A.D. Functional endothelin-1 receptors in rat astrocytoma C6. Eur. J. Pharmacol. (Mol. Pharmacol. Sect.). 206:1991;191-198.
19. Couraud P.O., Durieu-Trautmann O., Mahé E., Marin P., Le Nguyen D., Strosberg A.D. Comparison of binding characteristics of endothelin receptors on subpopulations of astrocytes. Life Sci. 49:1991;1471-1476.
20. Crawford F., Suo Z., Fang C., Mullan M. Characteristics of the in vivo vasoactivity of beta-amyloid peptides. Exp. Neurol. 150:1998;159-168.
21. D'Amico M., Berrino L., Maione S., Pizzirusso A., Rossi F. Effects of L-NAME on endothelin-1-induced barrel-rolling in periaqueductal gray area of rats. Life Sci. 57:1995;357-360.
22. B receptors mediated ET-1-induced behavioural effect in conscious rats. Life Sci. 58:1996;PL177-PL180.
23. A selective non-peptide radiolabelled antagonist, in normal and diseased human tissues. Br. J. Pharmacol. 123:1998;223-230.
24. Davenport A.P., Masaki T. Endothelin receptors. The IUPHAR Compendium of Receptor Characterization and Classification. 1998;152-159 Burlington Press, Cambridge.
25. Deschepper C.F., Houweling A.D., Picard S. The membranes of cultured rat brain astrocytes contain endothelin-converting enzyme activity. Eur. J. Pharmacol. 275:1995;61-66.
26. Domae M., Yamada K., Hanabusa Y., Furukawa T. Inhibitory effects of endothelin-1 and endothelin-3 on prolactin release: possible involvement of endogenous endothelin isopeptides in the rat anterior pituitary. Life Sci. 50:1992;715-722.
27. Drew G.M., Coussens C.M., Abraham W.C. Effects of endothelin-1 on hippocampal synaptic plasticity. Neuroreport. 9:1998;1827-1830.
28. Dymshitz J., Laudon M., Ben-Jonathan N. Endothelin-induced biphasic response of lactotrophs cultured under different conditions. Neuroendocrinology. 55:1992;724-729.
29. Ehrenreich H., Anderson R.W., Ogino Y., Rieckmann P., Costa T., Wood G.P., Coligan J.E., Kehrl J.H., Fauci A.S. Selective autoregulation of endothelins in primary astrocyte cultures: endothelin receptor-mediated potentiation of endothelin-1 secretion. New Biol. 3:1991;135-141.
30. Ehrenreich H., Costa T., Clouse K.A., Pluta R.M., Ogino Y., Coligan J.E., Burd P.R. Thrombin is a regulator of astrocytic endothelin-1. Brain Res. 600:1993;201-207.
31. Ehrenreich H., Kehrl J.H., Anderson R.W., Rieckmann P., Vitkovic L., Coligan J.E., Fauci A.S. A vasoactive peptide, endothelin-3, is produced by and specifically binds to primary astrocytes. Brain Res. 538:1991;54-58.
32. Ehrenreich H., Lange M., Near K.A., Anneser F., Schoeller L., Schmid R., Winkler P.A., Kehrl J.H., Schmiedek P., Goebel F.D. Long term monitoring of immunoreactive endothelin-1 and endothelin-3 in ventricular cerebrospinal fluid, plasma, and 24-h urine of patients with subarachnoid hemorrhage. Res. Exp. Med. 192:1992;257-268.
33. Elshourbagy N.A., Lee J.A., Korman D.R., Nuthalaganti P., Sylvester D.R., Dilella A.G., Sutiphong J.A., Kumar C.S. Molecular cloning and characterization of the major endothelin receptor subtype in porcine cerebellum. Mol. Pharmacol. 41:1992;465-473.
34. B) in human cerebral cortex using subtype-selective ligands. J. Neurochem. 62:1994;1482-1488.
35. Firth J.D., Ratcliffe P.J. Organ distribution of the three rat endothelin messenger RNAs and the effects of ischemia on renal gene expression. J. Clin. Invest. 90:1992;1023-1031.
36. Fukamauchi F., Chuang D.-M. Endothelin-1 increases the levels of mRNA and protein of muscarinic acetylcholine receptors and c-fos mRNA in cerebellar granule cells. FEBS Lett. 348:1994;263-267.
37. Fuxe K., Agnati L.F., Kalia M., Goldstein M., Andersson K., Härfstrand A. Dopaminergic systems in the brain and pituitary. Fluckiger E., Müller E.E., Thorner M.O. The Dopaminergic System. 1985;11-25 Springer-Verlag, Berlin.
38. Fuxe K., Cintra A., Andbjer B., Änggård E., Goldstein M., Agnati L.F. Centrally administered endothelin-1 produces lesions in the brain of the male rat. Acta Physiol. Scand. 137:1989;155-156.
39. Fuxe K., Kurosawa N., Cintra A., Hallström Å., Goiny M., Rosén L., Agnati L.F., Ungerstedt U. Involvement of local ischemia in endothelin-1 induced lesions of the neostriatum of the anesthetized rat. Exp. Brain Res. 88:1992;131-139.
40. Fuxe K., Tinner B., Staines W., Hemsén A., Hersh L., Lundberg J.M. Demonstration and nature of endothelin-3-like immunoreactivity in somatostatin and choline acetyltransferase-immunoreactive nerve cells of the neostriatum of the rat. Neurosci. Lett. 123:1991;107-111.
41. Gaetani P., Rodriguez y Baena R., Grignani G., Spanu G., Pacchiarini L., Paoletti P. Endothelin and aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage: a study of subarachnoid cisternal cerebrospinal fluid. J. Neurol. Neurosurg Psychiatry. 57:1994;66-72.
42. Gajkowska B. Endothelin-like immunoreactivity in hippocampus following transient global cerebral ischemia. Part I: Neuronal and glial cells. Folia Neuropathol. 35:1997;36-48.
43. Giaid A., Gibson S.J., Herrero M.T., Gentleman S., Legon S., Yanagisawa M., Masaki T., Ibrahim N., Roberts G.W., Rossi M.L., Polak J.M. Topographical localisation of endothelin mRNA and peptide immunoreactivity in neurones of the human brain. Histochemistry. 95:1991;303-314.
44. Gleason M.M., Wu H.L., Yue T.L., Feuerstein G., Nambi P. Comparison of endothelin binding and calcium mobilization in C6-BU-1 rat glioma and N18TG2 mouse neuroblastoma cells. Neuropeptides. 19:1991;197-204.
45. Goldman R.S., Finkbeiner S.M., Smith S.J. Endothelin induces a sustained rise in intracellular calcium in hippocampal astrocytes. Neurosci. Lett. 123:1991;4-8.
46. Gross P.M., Wainman D.S., Espinosa F.J. Differentiated metabolic stimulation of rat pituitary lobes by peripheral and central endothelin-1. Endocrinology. 129:1991;1110-1112.
47. Gross P.M., Wainman D.S., Espinosa F.J., Nag S., Weaver D.F. Cerebral hypermetabolism produced by intraventricular endothelin-1 in rats: inhibition by nimodipine. Neuropeptides. 21:1992;211-223.
48. Gross P.M., Weaver D.F. A new experimental model of epilepsy based on the intraventricular injection of endothelin. J. Cardiovasc. Pharmacol. 22:1993;S282-S287.
49. A-receptor antagonist, inhibits cerebral activation by intraventricular endothelin-1 in conscious rats. Neuropharmacology. 33:1994;1155-1166.
50. Gross P.M., Zochodne D.W., Wainman D.S., Ho L.T., Espinosa F.J., Weaver D.F. Intraventricular endothelin-1 uncouples the blood flow:metabolism relationship in periventricular structures of the rat brain: involvement of L-type calcium channels. Neuropeptides. 22:1992;155-165.
51. B receptor. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Comm. 186:1992;355-362.
52. B receptor antagonists synergistically increase extracellular endothelin-1 levels in primary rat astrocyte cultures. Brain Res. 785:1998;253-261.
53. 2+ in SK-N-MC cells. Br. J. Pharmacol. 125:1998;1202-1211.
54. Hiley C.R. Endothelin receptors: pharmacological subtyping, agonists, and antagonists. Huggins J.P., Pelton J.T. Endothelins in Biology and Medicine. 1997;3-26 CRC Press, Boca Raton.
55. Hiley C.R., Cowley D.J., Pelton J.T., Hargreaves A.C. BQ-123, cyclo(-D-Trp-D-Asp-Pro-D-Val-Leu), is a noncompetitive antagonist of the actions of endothelin-1 in SK-N-MC human neuroblastoma cells. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Comm. 184:1992;504-510.
56. Hino A., Tokuyama Y., Kobayashi M., Yano M., Weir B., Takeda J., Wang X.Y., Bell G.I., Macdonald R.L. Increased expression of endothelin B receptor mRNA following subarachnoid hemorrhage in monkeys. J. Cereb. Blood Flow Metab. 16:1996;688-697.
57. Hino A., Weir B.K., Macdonald R.L., Thisted R.A., Kim C.J., Johns L.M. Prospective, randomized, double-blind trial of BQ-123 and bosentan for prevention of vasospasm following subarachnoid hemorrhage in monkeys. J. Neurosurg. 83:1995;503-509.
58. Hirai M., Miyabo S., Ooya E., Miyanaga K., Aoyagi N., Kimura K., Kishida S., Nakai T. Endothelin-3 stimulates the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis. Life Sci. 48:1991;2359-2363.
59. Hoffman, A., Keiser, H.R., Grossman, E., Goldstein, D.S., Gold, P.W., Kling, M., 1989. Endothelin concentration in cerebrospinal fluid in depressive patients. The Lancet 1989, 8678-8679 1519.
60. Hori S., Komatsu Y., Shigemoto R., Mizuno N., Nakanishi S. Distinct tissue distribution and cellular localization of two messenger ribonucleic acids encoding different subtypes of rat endothelin receptors. Endocrinology. 130:1992;1885-1895.
61. Horie K., Morita A., Yokogoshi H. Endothelin-1 and endothelin-3 modulate dopaminergic neurons through different mechanisms. Life Sci. 57:1995;735-741.
62. Horwitz M.J., Bloch K.D., Kim N.B., Amico J.A. Expression of the endothelin-1 and oxytocin genes in the hypothalamus of the pregnant rat. Brain Res. 648:1994;59-64.
63. Hosli E., Hosli L. Autoradiographic evidence for endothelin receptors on astrocytes in cultures of rat cerebellum, brainstem and spinal cord. Neurosci. Lett. 129:1991;55-58.
64. Hosli L., Hosli E., Lefkovits M., Wagner S. Electrophysiological evidence for the existence of receptors for endothelin and vasopressin on cultured astrocytes of rat spinal cord and brainstem. Neurosci. Lett. 131:1991;193-195.
65. 125I] Endothelin-1 binding sites: autoradiographic studies in the brain and periphery of various species including humans. J. Cardiovasc. Pharmacol. 13:1989;S162-S165.
66. Huggins J.P., Pelton J.T., Miller R.C. The structure and specificity of endothelin receptors: their importance in physiology and medicine. Pharmacol. Ther. 59:1993;55-123.
67. Huggins J.P., Pelton J.T., van Giersbergen P.L.M. The receptors for endothelins and their analogues in SK-N-MC neuroblastoma cells. Peptides. 15:1994;529-536.
68. A receptor. Life Sci. 50:1991;247-255.
69. B) receptors. Life Sci. 51:1992;L47-52.
70. Ishikawa K., Ihara M., Noguchi K., Mase T., Mino N., Saeki T., Fukuroda T., Fukami T., Ozaki S., Nagase T., Nishikibe M., Yano M. Biochemical and pharmacological profile of a potent and selective endothelin B-receptor antagonist, BQ-788. Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. USA. 91:1994;4892-4896.
71. B receptors. Eur. J. Neurosci. 9:1997;895-901.
72. A receptor antagonist, BQ-485, and its preventive effect on experimental cerebral vasospasm in dogs. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Comm. 195:1993;969-975.
73. B specific ligands synergistically antagonize endothelin-1 binding to an atypical endothelin receptor in primary rat astrocytes. J. Neurochem. 70:1998;473-482.
74. Jiang M.H., Hoog A., Ma K.C., Nie X.J., Olsson Y., Zhang W.W. Endothelin-1 immunoreactivity is expressed in human reactive astrocytes. Neuroreport. 4:1993;935-937.
75. 125I] endothelin in rat and human brain. Neurosci. Lett. 97:1989;276-279.
76. Kanyicska B., Burris T.P., Freeman M.E. The effects of endothelins on the secretion of prolactin, luteinizing hormone, and follicle-stimulating hormone are mediated by different guanine nucleotide-binding proteins. Endocrinology. 129:1991;2607-2613.
77. Kanyicska B., Burris T.P., Freeman M.E. Endothelin-3 inhibits prolactin and stimulates LH, FSH and TSH secretion from pituitary cell culture. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Comm. 174:1991;338-343.
78. Kanyicska B., Freeman M.E. Characterization of endothelin receptors in the anterior pituitary gland. Am. J. Physiol. 265:1993;E601-E608.
79. + channels in rat lactotrophs: reversal by long-term exposure to dopamine agonist. Endocrinology. 138:1997;3141-3153.
80. Kanyicska B., Lerant A., Freeman M.E. Endothelin is an autocrine regulator of prolactin secretion. Endocrinology. 139:1998;5164-5173.
81. Kanyicska B., Livingstone J.D., Freeman M.E. Long term exposure to dopamine reverses the inhibitory effect of endothelin-1 on prolactin secretion. Endocrinology. 136:1995;990-994.
82. Kataoka Y., Koizumi S., Kohzuma M., Shibaguchi H., Shigematsu K., Niwa M., Taniyama K. NMDA receptor involvement in endothelin neurotoxicity in rat striatal slices. Eur. J. Pharmacol. 273:1995;285-289.
83. 2+ influx to produce biphasic dopamine release from rat striatal slices. Cell Mol. Neurobiol. 14:1994;271-280.
84. Khalil Z., Chen H., Helme R.D. Mechanisms underlying the vascular reactivity of beta-amyloid protein fragment (beta A4 25-35) at the level of skin microvasculature. Brain Res. 736:1996;206-216.
85. Kim C.J., Bassiouny M., Macdonald R.L., Weir B., Johns L.M. Effect of BQ-123 and tissue plasminogen activator on vasospasm after subarachnoid hemorrhage in monkeys. Stroke. 27:1996;1629-1633.
86. Kohzuki M., Chai S.Y., Paxinos G., Karavas A., Casley D.J., Johnston C.I., Mendelsohn F. Localization and characterization of endothelin receptor binding sites in the rat brain visualized by in vitro autoradiography. Neuroscience. 42:1991;245-260.
87. Kohzuki M., Onodera H., Yasujima M., Itoyama Y., Kanazawa M., Sato T., Abe K. Endothelin receptors in ischemic rat brain and Alzheimer brain. J. Cardiovasc. Pharmacol. 26:1995;S329-S331.
88. B receptor involvement in stimulatory and neurotoxic action of endothelin on dopamine neurones. Neuroreport. 5:1994;2653-2656.
89. Koizumi S., Kataoka Y., Niwa M., Kumakura K. Endothelin-3 stimulates the release of catecholamine from cortical and striatal slices of the rat. Neurosci. Lett. 134:1992;219-222.
90. Koizumi S., Kataoka Y., Niwa M., Watanabe S., Taniyama K. Two distinct pathways are involved in the endothelin-3-evoked dopamine release from rat striatal slices. Eur. J. Pharmacol. 259:1994;195-201.
91. i in cultured neurones and sliced of rat hippocampus. Neuroreport. 5:1994;1077-1080.
92. Konya H., Nagai K., Masuda H., Kakishita E. Endothelin-3 modification of dopamine release in anesthetized rat striatum; an in vivo microdialysis study. Life Sci. 51:1992;499-506.
93. Kraus G.E., Bucholz R.D., Yoon K.W., Knuepfer M.M., Smith K.R.j. Cerebrospinal fluid endothelin-1 and endothelin-3 levels in normal and neurosurgical patients: a clinical study and literature review. Surg. Neurol. 35:1991;20-29.
94. Krsmanovic L.Z., Stojilkovic S.S., Balla T., Al-Damluji S., Weiner R.I., Catt K.J. Receptors and neurosecretory actions of endothelin in hypothalamic neurons. Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. USA. 88:1991;11124-11128.
95. Kurama M., Ishida N., Matsui M., Saida K., Mitsui Y. Sequence and neuronal expression of mouse endothelin-1 cDNA. BBA Gene Struct. Express. 1307:1996;249-253.
96. Kurokawa K., Yamada H., Ochi J. Topographical distribution of neurons containing endothelin type a receptor in the rat brain. J. Comp. Neurol. 389:1997;348-360.
97. Kurosawa M., Fuxe K., Hallström Å., Goiny M., Cintra A., Ungerstedt U. Responses of blood flow, extracellular lactate, and dopamine in the striatum to intrastriatal injection of endothelin-1 in anesthetized rats. J. Cardiovasc. Pharmacol. 17:1991;S340-S342.
98. Kuwaki T., Kurihara H., Cao W.H., Kurihara Y., Unekawa M., Yazaki Y., Kumada M. Physiological role of brain endothelin in the central autonomic control: from neuron to knockout mouse. Prog. Neurobiol. 51:1997;545-579.
99. Ladenheim R.G., Lacroix I., Foignant-Chaverot N., Strosberg A.D., Couraud P.O. Endothelins stimulate c-fos and nerve growth factor expression in astrocytes and astrocytoma. J. Neurochem. 60:1993;260-266.
100. Lee M.E., De la Monte S.M., Ng S.C., Bloch K.D., Quertermous T. Expression of the potent vasoconstrictor endothelin in the human central nervous system. J. Clin. Invest. 86:1990;141-147.
101. Lewy H., Galron R., Bdolah A., Sokolovsky M., Naor Z. Paradoxical signal transduction mechanism of endothelins and sarafatoxins in cultured pituitary cells: stimulation of phosphoinositide turnover and inhibition of prolactin release. Mol. Cell Endocr. 89:1992;1-9.
102. Lin W.W., Lee C.Y., Chuang D.M. Comparative studies of phosphoinositide hydrolysis induced by endothelin-related peptides in cultured cerebellar astrocytes, C6-glioma and cerebellar granule cells. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 168:1990;512-519.
103. Lin W.W., Lee C.Y., Chuang D.M. Endothelin-1 stimulates the release of preloaded [3H]D-aspartate from cultured cerebellar granule cells. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Comm. 167:1990;593-599.
104. Lin W.W., Lee C.Y., Chuang D.M. Endothelin- and sarafatoxin-induced phosphoinositide hydrolysis in cultured cerebellar granule cells: biochemical and pharmacological characterization. J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. 257:1991;1053-1061.
105. Lustig H.S., Chan J., Greenberg D.A. Comparative neurotoxic potential of glutamate, endothelins, and platelet-activating factor in cerebral cortical cultures. Neurosci. Lett. 139:1992;15-18.
106. Lysko P.G., Elshourbagy N.A., Pullen M., Nambi P. Developmental expression of endothelin receptors in cerebellar neurons differentiating in culture. Dev. Brain Res. 88:1995;96-101.
107. MacCumber M.W., Ross C.A., Snyder S.H. Endothelin in brain: receptors, mitogenesis, and biosynthesis in glial cells. Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. USA. 87:1990;2359-2363.
108. Macrae I.M., Robinson M., McAuley M., Reid J., McCulloch J. Effects of intracisternal endothelin-1 injection on blood flow to the lower brain stem. Eur. J. Pharmacol. 203:1991;85-91.
109. Makino S., Hashimoto K., Hirasawa R., Hattori T., Ota Z. Central interaction between endothelin and brain natriuretic peptide on vasopressin secretion. J. Hypertension. 10:1992;25-28.
110. Mansour V.M., Clarke I.J., Smith A.I. The characterization, localization and regulation of endothelin in ovine pars intermedia. Regul. Pept. 70:1997;55-65.
111. Masaki T., Yanagisawa M., Goto M. Physiology and pharmacology of endothelins. Medicinal Research Rev. 12:1992;391-421.
112. Minami M., Kimura M., Iwamoto N., Arai H. Endothelin-1-like immunoreactivity in cerebral cortex of Alzheimer-type dementia. Progr. Neuro-Psychopharmacol. Biol. Psych. 19:1995;509-513.
113. Minamisawa K., Hashimoto R., Ishii M., Kimura F. Complicated central effects of endothelin on blood pressure in rats. Jap. J. Physiol. 39:1989;825-832.
114. 2+ release. Trends Pharmacol. Sci. 16:1995;356-359.
115. Morton A.J., Davenport A.P. Cerebellar neurons and glia respond differentially to endothelins and sarafatoxin S6b. Brain Res. 581:1992;299-306.
116. Moser P.C., Pelton J.T. Behavioural effects of centrally administered endothelin in the rat. Br. J. Pharmacol. 96:1989;347P.
117. Murakami O., Takahashi K., Satoh F., Totsune K., Sone M., Arihara Z., Andoh N., Mouri T. Expression of adrenomedullin and adrenomedullin mRNA in ectopic ACTH-secreting tumors. Eur. J. Endocr. 138:1998;436-439.
118. Mutafova-Yambolieva V.N., Westfall D.P. Inhibitory and facilitatory presynaptic effects of endothelin on sympathetic cotransmission in the rat isolated tail artery. Br. J. Pharmacol. 123:1998;136-142.
119. Nakamura S., Naruse M., Maruse K., Shioda S., Nakai Y., Uemura H. Colocalization of immunoreactive endothelin-1 and neurohypophyseal hormones in the axons of the neural lobe of the rat pituitary. Endocrinology. 132:1993;530-533.
120. Naruse M., Naruse K., Nishikawa T., Yoshihara I., Ohsumi K., Suzuki N., Demura R., Demura H. Endothelin-3 immunoreactivity in gonadotrophs of the human anterior pituitary. J. Clin. Endocr. Metab. 74:1992;968-972.
121. Nie X.J., Olsson Y. Endothelin peptides in brain diseases. Rev. Neurosci. 7:1996;177-186.
122. Nikolov R., Rami A., Krieglstein J. Endothelin-1 exacerbates focal cerebral ischemia without exerting neurotoxic action in vitro. Eur. J. Pharmacol. Env. Toxicol. Pharm. 248:1993;205-208.
123. Noda M., Okano Y., Nozawa Y., Egorova A., Higashida H. Endothelin induces phosphoinositide-dependent cellular responses in NG108-15 hybrid cells. Ann. NY Acad. Sci. 707:1994;482-485.
124. Ohlstein E.H., Elliott J.D., Feuerstein G.Z., Ruffolo R.R. Endothelin receptors: receptor classification, novel receptor antagonists, and potential therapeutic targets. Med. Res. Rev. 16:1996;365-390.
125. Ortmann O., Wassmann D., Stojilkovic S.S., Catt K.J., Schulz K.D., Emons G. Ovarian steroids modulate endothelin-induced luteinizing hormone secretion from cultured rat pituitary cells. Endocrinology. 133:1993;2632-2638.
126. Pluta R.M., Boock R.J., Afshar J.K., Clouse K., Bacic M., Ehrenreich H., Oldfield E.H. Source and cause of endothelin-1 release into cerebrospinal fluid after subarachnoid hemorrhage. J. Neurosurg. 87:1997;287-293.
127. Pycock C.J. Turning behaviour in animals. Neuroscience. 5:1980;461-514.
128. Reid J.J., Wong-Dusting H.K., Rand M.J. The effect of endothelin on noradrenergic transmission in rat and guinea pig atria. Eur. J. Pharmacol. 168:1989;93-96.
129. 2+ ionophore raise cyclic GMP levels in a neuronal cell line via formation of nitric oxide. Brit. J. Pharmacol. 101:1990;722-726.
130. 2+ activity in neural cell lines. Eur. J. Neurosci. 2:1990;769-775.
131. Ritz M.F., Stuenkel E.L., Dayanithi G., Jones R., Nordmann J.J. Endothelin regulation of neuropeptide release from nerve endings of the posterior pituitary. Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. USA. 89:1992;8371-8375.
132. Rogers S.D., Demaster E., Catton M., Ghilardi J.R., Levin L.A., Maggio J.E., Mantyh P.W. Expression of endothelin-B receptors by glia in vivo is increased after CNS injury in rats, rabbits, and humans. Exp. Neurol. 145:1997;180-195.
133. Rossi M.F. Effect of endothelin-3 on vasopressin release in vitro and water excretion in vivo in Long-Evans rats. J. Physiol. 461:1993;501-511.
134. Rossi N.F. Cation channel mechanisms in ET-3-induced vasopressin secretion by rat hypothalamo-neurohypophysial explants. Am. J. Physiol. 31:1995;E467-E475.
135. Rubanyi G.M., Polokoff M.A. Endothelins: molecular biology, biochemistry, pharmacology, physiology, and pathophysiology. Pharmacol. Rev. 46:1994;325-415.
136. Sakurai T., Yanagisawa M., Inoue A., Ryan U.S., Kimura S., Mitsui Y., Goto K., Masaki T. cDNA cloning, sequence analysis and tissue distribution of rat preproendothelin-1 mRNA. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Comm. 175:1991;44-47.
137. Sakurai T., Yanagisawa M., Masaki T. Molecular characterization of endothelin receptors. Trends Pharmacol. Sci. 13:1992;103-108.
138. Sakurai T., Yanagisawa M., Takuwa Y., Miyazaki H., Kimura S., Goto K., Masaki T. Cloning of a cDNA encoding a non-isopeptide-selective subtype of the endothelin receptor. Nature. 348:1990;732-735.
139. Samson W.K. The endothelin-A receptor subtype transduces the effects of the endothelins in the anterior pituitary gland. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Comm. 187:1992;590-595.
140. Samson W.K., Skala K.D. Comparison of the pituitary effects of the mammalian endothelins: vasoactive intestinal contractor (endothelin- ß , rat endothelin-2) is a potent inhibitor of prolactin secretion. Endocrinology. 130:1992;2964-2970.
141. Samson W.K., Skala K.D., Alexander B., Huang F.L.S. Possible neuroendocrine actions of endothelin-3. Endocrinology. 128:1991;1465-1473.
142. Samson W.K., Skala K.D., Alexander B.D., Huang F.L.S. Pituitary site of action of endothelin: selective inhibition of prolactin release in vitro. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Comm. 169:1990;737-743.
143. Samson W.K., Skala K.D., Alexander B.D., Huang F.L.S., Gomez- Sanchez C. A prolactin release inhibiting activity isolated from neurointermediate lobe extracts is an endothelin-like peptide. Regulatory Peptides. 39:1992;103-112.
144. Sasaki Y., Takimoto M., Oda K., Fruh T., Takai M., Okada T., Hori S. Endothelin evokes efflux of glutamate in cultures of rat astrocytes. J. Neurochem. 68:1997;2194-2200.
145. Sato M., Noble L.J. Involvement of the endothelin receptor subtype A in neuronal pathogenesis after traumatic brain injury. Brain Res. 809:1998;39-49.
146. Schramek H., Dunn M.J. Endothelin-induced intracellular signalling pathways. Huggis J.P., Pelton J.T. Endothelins in Biology and Medicine. 1997;81-102 CRC Press, Boca Raton.
147. Schwarting R.K.W., Huston J.P. Unilateral 6-hydroxydopamine lesions of meso-striatal dopamine neurons and their physiological sequelae. Prog Neurobiol. 49:1996;215-266.
148. B receptors in the activation of phospholipase D by endothelins in cultured rat cortical astrocytes. Br. J. Pharmacol. 124:1998;1728-1734.
149. Shibaguchi H., Kataoka Y., Koizumi S., Kohzuma M., Obana M., Himeno A., Yamashita K., Taniyama K. Nitric oxide participates in the stimulatory and neurotoxic action of endothelin on rat striatal dopaminergic neurons. Cell Mol. Neurobiol. 17:1997;471-481.
150. Shibata S., Himeno A., Shigematsu K., Tsutsumi K., Sakurai-Yamashita Y., Yamashita K. Endothelin receptors in rat pituitary gland. Cell. Mol. Neurobiol. 17:1997;89-100.
151. A receptor exists in the caudal solitary tract nucleus of the rat brain. Cell Mol. Neurobiol. 17:1997;151-156.
152. Shichiri M., Hirata Y., Kanno K., Ohta K., Emori T., Marumo F. Effect of endothelin-1 on release of arginine-vasopressin from perfused rat hypothalamus. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Comm. 163:1989;1332-1337.
153. Shigeno T., Clozel M., Sakai S., Saito A., Goto K. The effect of bosentan, a new potent endothelin receptor antagonist, on the pathogenesis of cerebral vasospasm. Neurosurgery. 37:1995;87-90.
154. Shihara M., Hirooka Y., Hori N., Matsuo I., Tagawa T., Suzuki S., Akaike N., Takeshita A. Endothelin-1 increases the neuronal activity and augments the responses to glutamate in the NTS. Am. J. Physiol. 275:1998;R658-R665.
155. Sluck J.M., Lin R.C., Katolik L.I., Jeng A.Y., Lehmann J.C. Endothelin converting enzyme-1-, endothelin-1-, and endothelin-3-like immunoreactivity in the rat brain. Neuroscience. 91:(4):1999;1483-1497.
156. Sokolovsky M. Endothelins and sarafatoxins: physiological regulation, receptor subtypes and transmembrane signalling. Pharmacol. Ther. 54:1992;129-149.
157. Sokolovsky M. Endothelin receptor subtypes and their role in transmembrane signaling mechanisms. Pharmacol. Ther. 68:1995;435-471.
158. Sokolovsky M., Ambar I., Galron R. A novel subtype of endothelin receptors. J. Biol. Chem. 267:1992;20551-20554.
159. Stamford J.A. In vivo voltammetry-prospects for the next decade. Trends Neurosci. 12:1989;407-412.
160. Stanimirovic D.B., Ball R., Mealing G., Morley P., Durkin J.P. The role of intracellular calcium and protein kinase C in endothelin-stimulated proliferation of rat type I astrocytes. Glia. 15:1995;119-130.
161. Stojilkovic S.S., Balla T., Fukuda S., Cesnjaj M., Merelli F., Krsmanovic L.Z., Catt K.J. Endothelin ET-A receptors mediate the signalling and secretory actions of endothelins in pituitary gonadotrophs. Endocrinology. 130:1992;465-474.
162. Stojilkovic S.S., Catt K.J. Expression and signal transduction pathways of endothelin receptors in neuroendocrine cells. Front Neuroendocrinol. 17:1996;327-369.
163. Stojilkovic S.S., Iida T., Merelli F., Catt K.J. Calcium signalling and secretory responses in endothelin-stimulated anterior pituitary cells. Mol. Pharmacol. 39:1991;762-770.
164. Stojilkovic S.S., Merelli F., IIda T., Krsmanovic L.Z., Catt K.J. Endothelin stimulation of cytosolic calcium and gonadotropin secretion in anterior pituitary cells. Science. 248:1990;1663-1666.
165. Sullivan A.M., Morton A.J. Endothelins induce Fos expression in neurons and glia in organotypic cultures of rat cerebellum. J. Neurochem. 67:1996;1409-1418.
166. Supattapone S., Simpson A.W.M., Ashley C.C. Free calcium rise and mitogenesis in glial cells caused by endothelin. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Comm. 165:1989;1115-1122.
167. Suzuki H., Sato S., Suzuki Y., Oka M., Tsuchiya T., Iino I., Yamanaka T.,
168. Suzuki Y., Matsumura Y., Umekawa T., Hayashi K., Takaoka M., Morimoto S. Effects of endothelin-1 on antidiuresis and norepinephrine overflow induced by stimulation of renal nerves in anesthetized dogs. J. Cardiovasc. Pharmacol. 19:1992;905-910.
169. Tabuchi Y., Nakamura M., Rakugi H., Nagano M., Higashimori K., Mikami H., Ogihara T. Effects of endothelin on neuroeffector junction in mesenteric arteries of hypertensive rats. Hypertension. 15:1990;739-743.
170. Tabuchi Y., Nakamura M., Rakugi H., Nagano M., Mikami H., Ogihara T. Endothelin inhibits presynaptic adrenergic neurotransmission in rat mesenteric artery. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Comm. 161:1989;803-808.
171. Takagi H., Hisa H., Satoh S. Effects of endothelin on adrenergic neurotransmission in the dog kidney. Eur. J. Pharmacol. 203:1991;291-294.
172. Takahashi K., Ghatei M.A., Jones P.M., Murphy J.K., Lam H.C., O'Halloran D.J., Bloom S.R. Endothelin in human brain and pituitary gland: comparison with rat. J. Cardiovasc. Pharmacol. 17:1991;S101-S103.
173. Takahashi K., Ghatei M.A., Jones P.M., Murphy J.K., Lam H.C., O'Halloran D.J., Bloom S.R. Endothelin in human brain and pituitary gland: presence of immunoreactive endothelin, endothelin messenger ribonucleic acid, and endothelin receptors. J. Clin. Endocr. Metab. 72:1991;693-699.
174. Takeuchi A., Kimura T., Satoh S. Enhancement by endothelin-1 of the release of catecholamines from the canine adrenal gland in response to splanchic nerve stimulation. Clin. Exp. Pharmacol. Phys. 19:1992;663-666.
175. B receptors. Eur. J. Pharmacol. 300:1996;261-265.
176. Tencé M., Cordier J., Glowinski J., Prémont J. Endothelin-evoked release of arachidonic acid from mouse astrocytes in primary culture. Eur. J. Neurosci. 4:1992;993-999.
177. Uemura H., Naruse M., Nakamura S., Naruse K., Yamamoto T., Demura H., Hirohama T. Immunoreactive endothelin-1 in the neural lobe of the rat pituitary following hemorrhage and dehydration. Endocr. J. 41:1994;685-691.
178. Ungerstedt U. Postsynaptic supersensitivity after 6-hydroxdopamine induced degeneration of the nigro-striatal system. Acta Physiol. Scand. 367:(Suppl):1971;69-93.
179. Ungerstedt U. Striatal dopamine release after amphetamine or nerve degeneration revealed by rotational behaviour. Acta Physiol. Scand. 367:(Suppl):1971;49-68.
180. van den Buuse M. Effects of endothelins on the nervous system. Huggins J.P., Pelton J.T. Endothelins in Biology and Medicine. 1997;223-255 CRC Press, Boca Raton.
181. Venance L., Premont J., Glowinski J., Giaume C. Gap junctional communication and pharmacological heterogeneity in astrocytes cultured from the rat striatum. J. Physiol. (London). 510:1998;429-440.
182. Vierhapper H., Hollenstein U., Roden M., Nowotny P. Effect of endothelin-1 in man - impact on basal and stimulated concentrations of luteinizing hormone, follicle-stimulating hormone, thyrotropin, growth hormone, corticotropin, and prolactin. Metabolism. 42:1993;902-906.
183. Wang X., Zhu C., Zhang G., Lu Y. Changes of endothelin during cerebral vasospasm after experimental subarachnoid hemorrhage. Chin. Med. J. 108:1995;586-590.
184. Warner T.D., Budzik G.P., Matsumoto T., Mitchell J.A., Förstermann U., Murad F. Regional differences in endothelin converting enzyme activity in rat brain: inhibition by phosphoramidon and EDTA. Br. J. Pharmacol. 106:1992;948-952.
185. Warner T.D., Schmidt H.H.H.W., Kuk J., Mitchell J.A., Murad F. Human brain contains a metalloprotease that converts big endothelin-1 to endothelin-1 and is inhibited by phosphoramidon and EDTA. Br. J. Pharmacol. 106:1992;505-506.
186. Webb D.J., Monge J.C., Rabelink T.J., Yanagisawa M. Endothelin: new discoveries and rapid progress in the clinic. Trends Pharmacol. Sci. 19:1998;5-8.
187. Webber K.M., Pennefather J.N., Head G.A., van den Buuse M. Endothelin induces dopamine release from rat striatum via endothelin-B receptors. Neuroscience. 86:1998;1173-1180.
188. Webber K.M., Pennefather J.N., Howells D.W., Porritt M.J., Dean R., van den Buuse M. Endothelin ET-B receptors in rat and human striatum: association with dopaminergic terminals. Naunyn-Schmied Arch. Pharmacol. 358:1998;46. (abstract P35.73).
189. B receptor. Brain Res. 724:1996;180-185.
190. Webber K.M., Wallace C.A., Smith A.I., van den Buuse M. Endothelin interactions with brain dopamine systems. J. Cardiovasc. Pharmacol. 31:1998;S373-S375.
191. Westmark R., Noble L.J., Fukuda K., Aihara N., Mckenzie A.L. Intrathecal administration of endothelin-1 in the rat: Impact on spinal cord blood flow and the blood-spinal cord barrier. Neurosci. Lett. 192:1995;173-176.
192. 125I] endothelin binding in rat cerebellum is increased following L-2-chloropropionic-acid-induced granule cell necrosis. Peptides. 16:1995;897-902.
193. Wiklund N.P., Öhlén A., Cederqvist B. Inhibition of adrenergic neuroeffector transmission by endothelin in the guinea pig femoral artery. Acta Physiol. Scand. 134:1988;311-312.
194. Wiklund N.P., Öhlén A., Cederqvist B. Adrenergic neuromodulation by endothelin in guinea pig pulmonary artery. Neurosci. Lett. 101:1989;269-273.
195. A subtype. Br. J. Pharmacol. 104:1991;750-754.
196. Williams D.L., Jones K.L., Colton C.D., Nutt R.F. Identification of high affinity endothelin-1 receptor subtypes in human tissues. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Comm. 180:1991;475-480.
197. Wong-Dusting H.K., Reid J.J., Rand M.J. Paradoxical effects of endothelin on cardiovascular noradrenergic neurotransmission. Clin. Exp. Pharmacol. Physiol. 16:1989;229-233.
198. Wu-Wong J.R., Chiou W., Magnuson S.R., Witte D.G., Lin C.W. Identification and characterization of type A endothelin receptors in MMQ cells. Mol. Pharmacol. 44:1993;285-291.
199. Xu D., Emoto N., Giaid A., Slaughter C., Kaw S., Dewit D., Yanagisawa M. ECE-1: a membrane-bound metalloprotease that catalyzes the proteolytic activation of big endothelin-1. Cell. 78:1994;473-485.
200. Yamamoto T., Suzuki H., Uemura H. Endothelin B receptor-like immunoreactivity is associated with LHRH-immunoreactive fibers in the rat hypothalamus. Neurosci. Lett. 223:1997;117-120.
201. Yamashita K., Kataoka Y., Niwa M., Shigematsu K., Himeno A., Koizumi S., Taniyama K. Increased production of endothelins in the hippocampus of stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rats following transient forebrain ischemia: histochemical evidence. Cell Mol. Neurobiol. 13:1993;15-23.
202. B receptor aggregate in rat hippocampus CA1 subfields following transient forebrain ischemia. J. Neurochem. 63:1994;1042-1051.
203. Yanagisawa M., Kurihara H., Kimura S., Tomobe Y., Kobayashi M., Mitsui Y., Yazaki Y., Goto K., Masaki T. A novel potent vasoconstrictor peptide produced by vascular endothelial cells. Nature. 332:1988;411-415.
204. A receptors. Neuroendocrinology. 60:1994;553-558.
205. Yin J., Lee J.A., Howells R.D. Stimulation of c-fos and c-jun gene expression and down-regulation of proenkephalin gene expression in C6 glioma cells by endothelin-1. Mol. Brain Res. 14:1992;213-220.
206. Yoshizawa T., Iwamoto H., Mizusawa H., Suzuki N., Matsumoto H., Kanazawa I. Cerebrospinal fluid endothelin-1 in Alzheimer's disease and senile dementia of Alzheimer's type. Neuropeptides. 22:1992;85-88.
207. Yoshizawa T., Shinmi O., Giaid A., Yanagisawa M., Gibson S.J., Kimura S., Uchiyama Y., Polak J.M., Masaki T., Kanazawa I. Endothelin: a novel peptide in the posterior pituitary system. Science. 247:1990;462-464.
208. Yue T.L., Gleason M.M., Lysko P.G., Feuerstein G. Effect of endothelins on cytosolic free calcium concentration in neuroblastoma NG108-15 and NCB-20 cells. Neuropeptides. 17:1990;7-12.
209. Yue T.L., Nambi P., Wu H.L., Feuerstein G. Endothelin receptor binding and cellular signal tranduction in neurohybrid NG108-15 cells. Neuroscience. 44:1991;215-222.
210. Zhang W.W., Badonic T., Hoog A., Jiang M.H., Ma K.C., Nie J.X., Olsson Y., Sourander P. Structural and vasoactive factors influencing intracerebral arterioles in cases of vascular dementia and other cerebrovascular disease: a review. Immunohistochemical studies on expression of collagens, basal lamina components and endothelin-1. Dementia. 5:1994;153-162.
211. Zhang W.W., Badonic T., Hoog A., Jiang M.H., Ma K.C., Nie X.J., Olsson Y. Astrocytes in Alzheimer's disease express immunoreactivity to the vaso-constrictor endothelin-1. J. Neurol. Sci. 122:1994;90-96.
212. Zigmond M.J., Abercrombie E.D., Berger T.W., Grace A.A., Stricker E.M. Compensations after lesions of central dopaminergic neurons: some clinical and basic implications. Trends Neurosci. 13:1990;290-296.
213. Zimmerman M., Seifert V. Endothelin and subarachnoid hemorrhage: an overview. Neurosurgery. 43:1998;863-875.
214. B receptors in subarachnoid hemorrhage-induced cerebral vasospasm. Eur. J. Pharmacol. 259:1994;R1-R2.