Molecular mechanisms of extinction: Old findings and new ideas

International Journal of Biochemistry and Cell Biology

Volumn 32, Issue 1, 2000, Pages 23-40

  Massa, Steffen ^a   Junker, Steffen ^b   Matthias, Patrick ^a  

^a FRIEDRICH MIESCHER INSTITUTE FOR BIOMEDICAL RESEARCH   (Switzerland)

^b AARHUS UNIVERSITY   (Denmark)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

IMMUNOGLOBULIN; TYROSINE AMINOTRANSFERASE;

B LYMPHOCYTE; CELL DIFFERENTIATION; CHROMATIN; GENE EXPRESSION REGULATION; GENE FUSION; HOUSEKEEPING GENE; HYBRID CELL; LIVER CELL; LYMPHOCYTE; MOLECULAR BIOLOGY; PROTEIN EXPRESSION; REVIEW; SOMATIC CELL; TRANSCRIPTION REGULATION;

EUKARYOTA;

EID: 0033989467     PISSN: 13572725     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/S1357-2725(99)00102-8     Document Type: Article

References (105)

1. Gurdon J.B. J. Embryol. Exp. Morphol. 10:1962;622-640.
2. Wilmut I., Schnieke A.E., McWhir J., Kind A.J., Campbell K.H. Viable offspring derived from fetal and adult mammalian cells. Nature. 385:1997;810-813. (published erratum, Nature 386(6621) (1997) 200).
3. Gourdeau H., Fournier R.E. Genetic analysis of mammalian cell differentiation. Annu. Rev. Cell Biol. 6:1990;69-94.
4. Peterson J.A., Weiss M.C. Expression of differentiated functions in hepatoma cell hybrids: induction of mouse albumin production in rat hepatoma-mouse fibroblast hybrids. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 69:1972;571-575.
5. Schneider J.A., Weiss M.C. Expression of differentiated functions in hepatoma cell hybrids, I. Tyrosine aminotransferase in hepatoma-fibroblast hybrids. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 68:1971;127-131.
6. Weiss M.C., Chaplain M. Expression of differentiated functions in hepatoma cell hybrids: reappearance of tyrosine aminotransferase inducibility after the loss of chromosomes. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 68:1971;3026-3030.
7. N.R. Ringertz, R.E. Savage, Cell Hybrids, Academic Press, New York, 1976, p. 366.
8. Periman P. IgG synthesis in hybrid cells from an antibody-producing mouse myeloma and an L cell substrain. Nature. 228:1970;1086-1087.
9. Junker S. Phenotype and hybrids between lymphoid cells and rat hepatoma cells. Exp. Cell Res. 139:1982;51-61.
10. Deisseroth A., Burk R., Picciano D., Anderson W.F., Nienhuis A., Minna J. Hemoglobin synthesis in somatic cell hybrids: globin gene expression in hybrids between mouse erythroleukemia and human marrow cells or fibroblasts. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 72:1975;1102-1106.
11. Lawrence J.B., Coleman J.R. Extinction of muscle-specific properties in somatic cell heterokaryons. Dev. Biol. 101:1984;463-476.
12. Killary A.M., Fournier R.E. A genetic analysis of extinction: trans-dominant loci regulate expression of liver-specific traits in hepatoma hybrid cells. Cell. 38:1984;523-534.
13. Thompson E.B., Gelehrter T.D. Expression of tyrosine aminotransferase activity in somatic-cell heterokaryons: evidence for negative control of enzyme expression. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 68:1971;2589-2593.
14. Zeuthen J. Heterokaryons in the analysis of genes and gene regulation. Humangenetik. 27:1975;275-301.
15. Junker S., Lamm M., Nielsen V., Matthias P. Extinction of immunoglobulin gene expression in B cells upon fusion with HeLa cells is preceded by rapid nuclear depletion of essential transcription factors and is accompanied by widespread inactivation of genes expressed in a B-cell-specific manner. J. Cell Sci. 110:1997;2579-2587.
16. Petit C., Levilliers J., Ott M.O., Weiss M.C. Tissue-specific expression of the rat albumin gene: genetic control of its extinction in microcell hybrids. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 83:1986;2561-2565.
17. Chin A.C., Fournier R.E. Tse-2: a trans-dominant extinguisher of albumin gene expression in hepatoma hybrid cells. Mol. Cell Biol. 9:1989;3736-3743.
18. Malawista S.E., Weiss M.C. Expression of differentiated functions in hepatoma cell hybrids: high frequency of induction of mouse albumin production in rat hepatoma: mouse lymphoblast hybrids. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 71:1974;927-931.
19. Blau H.M. Differentiation requires continuous active control. Annu. Rev. Biochem. 61:1992;1213-1230.
20. Jantzen H.M., Strahle U., Gloss B., Stewart F., Schmid W., Boshart M., Miksicek R., Schutz G. Cooperativity of glucocorticoid response elements located far upstream of the tyrosine aminotransferase gene. Cell. 49:1987;29-38.
21. Boshart M., Nitsch D., Schutz G. Extinction of gene expression in somatic cell hybrids: a reflection of important regulatory mechanisms? Trends Genet. 9:1993;240-245.
22. Sladek F.M., Zhong W.M., Lai E., Darnell J.E. Jr. Liver-enriched transcription factor HNF-4 is a novel member of the steroid hormone receptor superfamily. Genes Dev. 4:1990;2353-2365.
23. Lai E., Prezioso V.R., Smith E., Litvin O., Costa R.H., Darnell J.E. Jr. HNF-3A, a hepatocyte-enriched transcription factor of novel structure is regulated transcriptionally. Genes Dev. 4:1990;1427-1436.
24. Thayer M.J., Fournier R.E. Hormonal regulation of Tse1-repressed genes: evidence for multiple genetic controls in extinction. Mol. Cell Biol. 9:1989;2837-2846.
25. Nitsch D., Boshart M., Schutz G. Extinction of tyrosine aminotransferase gene activity in somatic cell hybrids involves modification and loss of several essential transcriptional activators. Genes Dev. 7:1993;308-319.
26. Junker S. Regulation of expression of tyrosine aminotransferase in somatic cell hybrids between rat hepatoma cells and mouse fibroblasts. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 99:1981;95-101.
27. Boshart M., Weih F., Schmidt A., Fournier R.E., Schutz G. A cyclic AMP response element mediates repression of tyrosine aminotransferase gene transcription by the tissue-specific extinguisher locus Tse-1. Cell. 61:1990;905-916.
28. Boshart M., Weih F., Nichols M., Schutz G. The tissue-specific extinguisher locus Tse1 encodes a regulatory subunit of cAMP-dependent protein kinase. Cell. 66:1991;849-859.
29. Jones K.W., Shapero M.H., Chevrette M., Fournier R.E. Subtractive hybridization cloning of a tissue-specific extinguisher: Tse1 encodes a regulatory subunit of protein kinase A. Cell. 66:1991;861-872.
30. Staudt L.M., Lenardo M.J. Immunoglobulin gene transcription. Annu. Rev. Immunol. 9:1991;373-398.
31. Zaller D.M., Yu H., Eckhardt L.A. Genes activated in the presence of an immunoglobulin enhancer or promoter are negatively regulated by a T-lymphoma cell line. Mol. Cell Biol. 8:1988;1932-1939.
32. Junker S., Nielsen V., Matthias P., Picard D. Both immunoglobulin promoter and enhancer sequences are targets for suppression in myeloma-fibroblast hybrid cells. EMBO J. 7:1988;3093-3098.
33. Thoger Andersen A.S., Jensen A.W., Grant P., Arulampalam V., Pettersson S., Junker S. Concomitant downregulation of IgH 3′ enhancer activity and c-myc expression in a plasmacytoma×fibroblast environment: implications for dysregulation of translocated c-myc. Mol. Immunol. 34:1997;97-107.
34. Falkner F.G., Zachau H.G. Correct transcription of an immunoglobulin kappa gene requires an upstream fragment containing conserved sequence elements. Nature. 310:1984;71-74.
35. Mason J.O., Williams G.T., Neuberger M.S. Transcription cell type specificity is conferred by an immunoglobulin VH gene promoter that includes a functional consensus sequence. Cell. 41:1985;479-487.
36. Dreyfus M., Doyen N., Rougeon F. The conserved decanucleotide from the immunoglobulin heavy chain promoter induces a very high transcriptional activity in B-cells when introduced into an heterologous promoter. EMBO J. 6:1987;1685-1690.
37. Wirth T., Staudt L., Baltimore D. An octamer oligonucleotide upstream of a TATA motif is sufficient for lymphoid-specific promoter activity. Nature. 329:1987;174-178.
38. Jenuwein T., Grosschedl R. Complex pattern of immunoglobulin mu gene expression in normal and transgenic mice: nonoverlapping regulatory sequences govern distinct tissue specificities. Genes Dev. 5:1991;932-943.
39. Herr W., Sturm R.A., Clerc R.G., Corcoran L.M., Baltimore D., Sharp P.A., Ingraham H.A., Rosenfeld M.G., Finney M., Ruvkun G., et al. POU domain: a large conserved region in the mammalian pit-1, oct-1, oct-2, and Caenorhabditis elegans unc-86 gene products. Genes Dev. 2:1988;1513-1516.
40. Muller M.M., Ruppert S., Schaffner W., Matthias P. A cloned octamer transcription factor stimulates transcription from lymphoid-specific promoters in non-B cells. Nature. 336:1988;544-551.
41. Junker S., Pedersen S., Schreiber E., Matthias P. Extinction of an immunoglobulin kappa promoter in cell hybrids is mediated by the octamer motif and correlates with suppression of Oct-2 expression. Cell. 61:1990;467-474.
42. Corcoran L.M., Karvelas M., Nossal G.J., Ye Z.S., Jacks T., Baltimore D. Oct-2, although not required for early B-cell development, is critical for later B-cell maturation and for postnatal survival. Genes Dev. 7:1993;570-582.
43. LeBowitz J.H., Kobayashi T., Staudt L., Baltimore D., Sharp P.A. Octamer-binding proteins from B or HeLa cells stimulate transcription of the immunoglobulin heavy-chain promoter in vitro. Genes Dev. 2:1988;1227-1237.
44. Pierani A., Heguy A., Fujii H., Roeder R.G. Activation of octamer-containing promoters by either octamer-binding transcription factor 1 (OTF-1) or OTF-2 and requirement of an additional B-cell-specific component for optimal transcription of immunoglobulin promoters. Mol. Cell Biol. 10:1990;6204-6215.
45. Luo Y., Fujii H., Gerster T., Roeder R.G. A novel B-cell-derived coactivator potentiates the activation of immunoglobulin promoters by octamer-binding transcription factors. Cell. 71:1992;231-241.
46. Yu H., Porton B., Shen L.Y., Eckhardt L.A. Role of the octamer motif in hybrid cell extinction of immunoglobulin gene expression: extinction is dominant in a two enhancer system. Cell. 58:1989;441-448.
47. Strubin M., Newell J.W., Matthias P. OBF-1, a novel B-cell-specific coactivator that stimulates immunoglobulin promoter activity through association with octamer- binding proteins. Cell. 80:1995;497-506.
48. Gstaiger M., Knoepfel L., Georgiev O., Schaffner W., Hovens C.M. A B-cell coactivator of octamer-binding transcription factors. Nature. 373:1995;360-362.
49. Luo Y., Roeder R.G. Cloning, functional characterization, and mechanism of action of the B-cell-specific transcriptional coactivator OCA-B. Mol. Cell Biol. 15:1995;4115-4124.
50. Reich L., Sharir H., Ber R., Wirth T., Bergman Y., Laskov R. Coordinate suppression of myeloma-specific genes and expression of fibroblast-specific genes in myeloma×fibroblast somatic cell hybrids. Somat. Cell Mol. Genet. 22:1996;1-20.
51. Ernst P., Smale S.T. Combinatorial regulation of transcription, II. The immunoglobulin mu heavy chain gene. Immunity. 2:1995;427-438.
52. Zhuang Y., Soriano P., Weintraub H. The helix-loop-helix gene E2A is required for B cell formation. Cell. 79:1994;875-884.
53. Bain G., Maandag E.C., Izon D.J., Amsen D., Kruisbeek A.M., Weintraub B.C., Krop I., Schlissel M.S., Feeney A.J., van Roon M., et al. E2A proteins are required for proper B cell development and initiation of immunoglobulin gene rearrangements. Cell. 79:1994;885-892.
54. Kadesch T. Helix-loop-helix proteins in the regulation of immunoglobulin gene transcription. Immunol. Today. 13:1992;31-36.
55. Sloan S.R., Shen C.P., McCarrick-Walmsley R., Kadesch T. Phosphorylation of E47 as a potential determinant of B-cell-specific activity. Mol. Cell Biol. 16:1996;6900-6908.
56. Nelsen B., Tian G., Erman B., Gregoire J., Maki R., Graves B., Sen R. Regulation of lymphoid-specific immunoglobulin mu heavy chain gene enhancer by ETS-domain proteins. Science. 261:1993;82-86.
57. Scott E.W., Simon M.C., Anastasi J., Singh H. Requirement of transcription factor PU.1 in the development of multiple hematopoietic lineages. Science. 265:1994;1573-1577.
58. McKercher S.R., Torbett B.E., Anderson K.L., Henkel G.W., Vestal D.J., Baribault H., Klemsz M., Feeney A.J., Wu G.E., Paige C.J., Maki R.A. Targeted disruption of the PU.1 gene results in multiple hematopoietic abnormalities. EMBO J. 15:1996;5647-5658.
59. Sen R., Baltimore D. Inducibility of kappa immunoglobulin enhancer-binding protein NF-kappa B by a posttranslational mechanism. Cell. 47:1986;921-928.
60. Baeuerle P.A., Baltimore D. I kappa B: a specific inhibitor of the NF-kappa B transcription factor. Science. 242:1988;540-546.
61. Baeuerle P.A., Baltimore D. NF-kappa B: ten years after. Cell. 87:1996;13-20.
62. Liou H.C., Sha W.C., Scott M.L., Baltimore D. Sequential induction of NF-kappa B/Rel family proteins during B-cell terminal differentiation. Mol. Cell Biol. 14:1994;5349-5359.
63. Miyamoto S., Schmitt M.J., Verma I.M. Qualitative changes in the subunit composition of kappa B-binding complexes during murine B-cell differentiation. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 91:1994;5056-5060.
64. J.B. Gurdon, Nuclear transplantation in eggs and oocytes, J. Cell Sci. Suppl. 4 (1986) 287-318.
65. Fulka J. Jr., First N.L., Moor R.M. Nuclear transplantation in mammals: remodelling of transplanted nuclei under the influence of maturation promoting factor. Bioessays. 18:1996;835-840.
66. Bolton V.N., Oades P.J., Johnson M.H. The relationship between cleavage, DNA replication, and gene expression in the mouse 2-cell embryo. J. Embryol. Exp. Morphol. 79:1984;139-163.
67. Crosby I.M., Gandolfi F., Moor R.M. Control of protein synthesis during early cleavage of sheep embryos. J. Reprod. Fertil. 82:1988;769-775.
68. Wakayama T., Perry A.C., Zuccotti M., Johnson K.R., Yanagimachi R. Full-term development of mice from enucleated oocytes injected with cumulus cell nuclei. Nature. 394:1998;369-374.
69. Eppig J.J., Chesnel F., Hirao Y., O'Brien M.J., Pendola F.L., Watanabe S., Wigglesworth K. Oocyte control of granulosa cell development: how and why. Hum. Reprod. 12:1997;127-132.
70. Kato Y., Tani T., Sotomaru Y., Kurokawa K., Kato J., Doguchi H., Yasue H., Tsunoda Y. Eight calves cloned from somatic cells of a single adult. Science. 282:1998;2095-2098.
71. Ang S.L., Rossant J. HNF-3 beta is essential for node and notochord formation in mouse development. Cell. 78:1994;561-574.
72. Chen W.S., Manova K., Weinstein D.C., Duncan S.A., Plump A.S., Prezioso V.R., Bachvarova R.F., Darnell J.E. Jr. Disruption of the HNF-4 gene, expressed in visceral endoderm, leads to cell death in embryonic ectoderm and impaired gastrulation of mouse embryos. Genes Dev. 8:1994;2466-2477.
73. Kuo C.J., Conley P.B., Chen L., Sladek F.M., Darnell J.E. Jr., Crabtree G.R. A transcriptional hierarchy involved in mammalian cell-type specification. Nature. 355:1992;457-461.
74. Bulla G.A. Hepatocyte nuclear factor-4 prevents silencing of hepatocyte nuclear factor-1 expression in hepatoma×fibroblast cell hybrids. Nucleic Acids Res. 25:1997;2501-2508.
75. Spath G.F., Weiss M.C. Hepatocyte nuclear factor 4 expression overcomes repression of the hepatic phenotype in dedifferentiated hepatoma cells. Mol. Cell Biol. 17:1997;1913-1922.
76. Zhong W., Mirkovitch J., Darnell J.E. Jr. Tissue-specific regulation of mouse hepatocyte nuclear factor 4 expression. Mol. Cell Biol. 14:1994;7276-7284.
77. Georgopoulos K., Bigby M., Wang J.H., Molnar A., Wu P., Winandy S., Sharpe A. The Ikaros gene is required for the development of all lymphoid lineages. Cell. 79:1994;143-156.
78. Urbanek P., Wang Z.Q., Fetka I., Wagner E.F., Busslinger M. Complete block of early B cell differentiation and altered patterning of the posterior midbrain in mice lacking Pax5/BSAP. Cell. 79:1994;901-912.
79. Schubart D.B., Rolink A., Kosco-Vilbois M.H., Botteri F., Matthias P. B-cell-specific coactivator OBF-1/OCA-B/Bob1 required for immune response and germinal centre formation. Nature. 383:1996;538-542.
80. Kim U., Qin X.F., Gong S., Stevens S., Luo Y., Nussenzweig M., Roeder R.G. The B-cell-specific transcription coactivator OCA-B/OBF-1/Bob-1 is essential for normal production of immunoglobulin isotypes. Nature. 383:1996;542-547.
81. Nielsen P.J., Georgiev O., Lorenz B., Schaffner W. B lymphocytes are impaired in mice lacking the transcriptional co- activator Bob1/OCA-B/OBF1. Eur. J. Immunol. 26:1996;3214-3218.
82. Grunstein M. Yeast heterochromatin: regulation of its assembly and inheritance by histones. Cell. 93:1998;325-328.
83. Elgin S.C. Heterochromatin and gene regulation in Drosophila. Curr. Opin. Genet. Dev. 6:1996;193-202.
84. Cavalli G., Paro R. Chromo-domain proteins: linking chromatin structure to epigenetic regulation. Curr. Opin. Cell Biol. 10:1998;354-360.
85. Wakimoto B.T. Beyond the nucleosome: epigenetic aspects of position-effect variegation in Drosophila. Cell. 93:1998;321-324.
86. Brown K.E., Guest S.S., Smale S.T., Hahm K., Merkenschlager M., Fisher A.G. Association of transcriptionally silent genes with Ikaros complexes at centromeric heterochromatin. Cell. 91:1997;845-854.
87. Hahm K., Cobb B.S., McCarty A.S., Brown K.E., Klug C.A., Lee R., Akashi K., Weissman I.L., Fisher A.G., Smale S.T. Helios, a T cell-restricted Ikaros family member that quantitatively associates with Ikaros at centromeric heterochromatin. Genes Dev. 12:1998;782-796.
88. Varga-Weisz P.D., Becker P.B. Chromatin-remodeling factors: machines that regulate? Curr. Opin. Cell Biol. 10:1998;346-353.
89. Gregory P.D., Horz W. Life with nucleosomes: chromatin remodelling in gene regulation. Curr. Opin. Cell Biol. 10:1998;339-345.
90. Yang X.J., Ogryzko V.V., Nishikawa J., Howard B.H., Nakatani Y. A p300/CBP-associated factor that competes with the adenoviral oncoprotein E1A. Nature. 382:1996;319-324.
91. Ogryzko V.V., Schiltz R.L., Russanova V., Howard B.H., Nakatani Y. The transcriptional coactivators p300 and CBP are histone acetyltransferases. Cell. 87:1996;953-959.
92. Bannister A.J., Kouzarides T. The CBP co-activator is a histone acetyltransferase. Nature. 384:1996;641-643.
93. Taunton J., Hassig C.A., Schreiber S.L. A mammalian histone deacetylase related to the yeast transcriptional regulator Rpd3p. Science. 272:1996;408-411.
94. Rundlett S.E., Carmen A.A., Kobayashi R., Bavykin S., Turner B.M., Grunstein M. HDA1 and RPD3 are members of distinct yeast histone deacetylase complexes that regulate silencing and transcription. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 93:1996;14503-14508.
95. De Rubertis F., Kadosh D., Henchoz S., Pauli D., Reuter G., Struhl K., Spierer P. The histone deacetylase RPD3 counteracts genomic silencing in Drosophila and yeast. Nature. 384:1996;589-591.
96. Kadonaga J.T. Eukaryotic transcription: an interlaced network of transcription factors and chromatin-modifying machines. Cell. 92:1998;307-313.
97. Tsukiyama T., Wu C. Purification and properties of an ATP-dependent nucleosome remodeling factor. Cell. 83:1995;1011-1020.
98. Cairns B.R., Lorch Y., Li Y., Zhang M., Lacomis L., Erdjument-Bromage H., Tempst P., Du J., Laurent B., Kornberg R.D. RSC, an essential, abundant chromatin-remodeling complex. Cell. 87:1996;1249-1260.
99. Varga-Weisz P.D., Wilm M., Bonte E., Dumas K., Mann M., Becker P.B. Chromatin-remodelling factor CHRAC contains the ATPases ISWI and topoisomerase II. Nature. 388:1997;598-602. (published erratum appears in Nature 1997 Oct 30; 389 (6654): 1003).
100. Ito T., Bulger M., Pazin M.J., Kobayashi R., Kadonaga J.T. ACF, an ISWI-containing and ATP-utilizing chromatin assembly and remodeling factor. Cell. 90:1997;145-155.
101. Zhao K., Wang W., Rando O.J., Xue Y., Swiderek K., Kuo A., Crabtree G.R. Rapid and phosphoinositol-dependent binding of the SWI/SNF-like BAF complex to chromatin after T lymphocyte receptor signaling. Cell. 95:1998;625-636.
102. Michelotti E.F., Sanford S., Levens D. Marking of active genes on mitotic chromosomes. Nature. 388:1997;895-899.
103. Iyer V., Struhl K. Poly(dA:dT), a ubiquitous promoter element that stimulates transcription via its intrinsic DNA structure. EMBO J. 14:1995;2570-2579.
104. Lamond A.I., Earnshaw W.C. Structure and function in the nucleus. Science. 280:1998;547-553.
105. Singer R.H., Green M.R. Compartmentalization of eukaryotic gene expression: causes and effects. Cell. 91:1997;291-294.