Molecular clock genes in man and lower animals: Possible implications for circadian abnormalities in depression

Neuropsychopharmacology

Volumn 22, Issue 4, 2000, Pages 335-345

  Bunney, William E ^a   Bunney, Blynn G ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA   (United States)

Author keywords

Circadian rhythm; Clock genes; Depression; Seasonal affective disorder

Indexed keywords

MELATONIN;

AFFECTIVE NEUROSIS; CIRCADIAN RHYTHM; DEPRESSION; GENE MUTATION; HUMAN; MAMMAL; NONHUMAN; PHOTOTHERAPY; PRIORITY JOURNAL; REVIEW;

EID: 0033970107     PISSN: 0893133X     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/S0893-133X(99)00145-1     Document Type: Article

References (101)

1. Abe H., Honma S., Namithira M., Tanahashi Y., Ikeda M., Honma K. Circadian rhythm and light responsiveness of BMAL1 expression, a partner of mammalian clock gene, Clock, in the suprachiasmatic nucleus of rats. Neuroscience Letters. 258:1999;93-96.
2. Albert R., Merz A., Schubert J., Ebert D. Sleep deprivation followed by sleep phase advance therapy to stabilize the positive sleep-deprivation effect in depressive episodes. Der Nervenarzt. 69:1998;66-69.
3. Albrecht U., Sun Z.S., Eichele G., Lee C.C. A differential response of two putative mammalian circadian receptors, mper1 and mper2 to light. Cell. 91:1997;1055-1067.
4. Atkinson M., Kripke D.F., Wolf S.R. Autorhythmometry in manic-depressives. Chronobiologia. 2:1975;325-335.
5. Avery D.H., Wildschiodtz G., Rafaelsen O.J. Nocturnal temperature in affective disorder. Acta Psychiatrica Scand. 74:1982;269-280.
6. Avery D.H., Dahl K., Savage M.V., Brengelman G.L., Larsen L.H., Kenny M.A., Eder D.N., Vitiello M.V., Prinz Circadian temperature and cortisol rhythms during a constant routine are phase-delayed in hypersomnic winter depression. Biol Psychiatry. 41:1997;1109-1123.
7. Bargiello T.A., Jackson F.R., Young M.W. Restoration of circadian behavioural rhythms by gene transfer in Drosophila. Nature. 312:1984;652-754.
8. Benca R.M., Obermeyer W.H., Thisted R.A., Gillin J.C. Sleep and psychiatric disorders. A meta-analysis. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 49:1992;651-668.
9. Berger M., Vollmann J., Hohagen F., Konig A., Lohner H., Volderholzer U., Riemann D. Sleep deprivation combined with consecutive sleep-phase advance as a fast-acting therapy in depression. an open pilot trial in medicated and unmedicated patients Am J Psychiatry. 154:1997;870-872. a.
10. Berger M., Konig A., Hohagen F., Kjemen A., Homyak Steffes P., Voderholzer U., Riemann D. Total sleep deprivation and consecutive sleep-phase-advance therapy as fast acting antidepressant strategy. Biol Psychiatry. 42:1997;77S. b.
11. Branchey L., Weinberg U., Branchey M., Linkowski P., Mendlewicz J. Simultaneous study of 24-hour patterns of melatonin and cortisol secretion in depressed patients. Neuropsychobiology. 8:1982;225-232.
12. Breakthroughs of the Year: The Runners-Up (1998): Science 282:2157-2161.
13. Bunney WE, Akil HA (1998): Molecular clocks in man and in lower animals: Possible implications for circadian abnormalities in depression. American College of Neuropsychopharmacology Annual Meeting Abstract, December 13-17.
14. Buysse D.J., Monk T.H., Kupfer D.J., Frank E., Stapf D. Circadian patterns of unintended sleep episodes during a constant routine in remitted depressed patients. J Psychiatric Research. 29:1995;407-416.
15. Carpenter W.T. Jr., Bunney W.E. Jr. Adrenal cortical activity in depressive illness. Am J Psychiatry. 128:1971;63-72.
16. Crosthwaite S.K., Dunlap J.C., Loros J.J. Neurospora wc-1 and wc-2. transcription, photoresponses and the origins of circadian rhythmicity Science. 276:1997;763-769.
17. Dahl K., Avery D.H., Lewy A.J., Savage M.V., Brengelmann G.L., Larsen L.H., Vitiello M.V., Prinz P.N. Dim light melatonin onset and circadian tepmperature during a constant routine in hypersomnic winter depression. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica. 88:1993;60-66.
18. Darlington T.K., Wager-Smith K., Ceriani M.F., Staknis D., Gekakis N., Steeves T.D.L., Weitz C.J., Takahashi J.S., Kay S.A. Closing the circadian loop. CLOCK-induced transcription of its own inhibitors per and tim Science. 280:1998;1599-1603.
19. Dietzel M., Saletu B., Lesch O.M., Sieghart W., Schjerve M. Light treatment in depressive illness. polysomnographic, psychometric and neuroendocrinological findings Eur Neurol. 25(suppl 2):1986;93-103.
20. Duncan W.C. Jr. Circadian rhythms and the pharmacology of affective illness. Pharmacol Ther. 71:1996;253-312.
21. Dunlap J.C. Molecular bases for circadian clocks. Cell. 96:1999;271-290.
22. Eastman C.L., Young M.A., Fogg L.F., Liu L., Meaden P.M. Bright light treatment of winter depression. a placebo-controlled trial Archives of General Psychiatry. 55(10):1998;883-889. [see comments].
23. Gekakis N., Staknis D., Nguyen H.B., Davis F.C., Wilsbacher L.D., King D.P., Takahashi J.S., Weitz C.J. Role of the CLOCK protein in the mammalian circadian mechanism. Science. 280:1998;1564-1569.
24. Gillin J.C., Duncan W., Pettigrew B.L., Frankel F., Snyder F. Successful separation of depressed, normal and insomniac subjects by sleep EEG data. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 36:1979;85-90.
25. Goetze U., Tölle R. Circadian rhythm of free urinary cortisol, temperature and heart rate in endogenous depressives and under antidepressant therapy. Neuropsychobiology. 18:1987;175-184.
26. Goldman BD, Elliot JA (1988): Photoperiodism and seasonality in hamsters: Role of the pineal gland. In Stetson MH (ed), Processing of Environmental Information in Vertebrates. New York: pp. 203-218.
27. Gordijn M.C., Beersma D.G., Korte H.J., van den Hoofdakker R.H. Testing the hypothesis of a circadian phase disturbance underlying depressive mood in nonseasonal depression. J Biol Rhythms. 13:1998;132-147.
28. Griffin EA Jr, Staknis D, Weitz CJ (1999) Light-independent role of CRY1 and CRY2 in the mammalian circadian clock. Science 286:768-771.
29. Halbreich U., Asnis G.M., Shindledecker R., Zumoff B., Nathan S. Cortisol secretion in endogenous depression. II. Time related functions. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 42:1985;909-914.
30. Hamblen M.J., White N.E., Emery P.T., Kaiser K., Hall J.C. Molecular and behavioral analysis of four period mutants in Drosophila melanogaster encompassing extreme short, novel long, and unorthodox arrhythmic types. Genetics. 149:1998;165-178.
31. Honma S., Ikeda M., Abe H., Tanahashi Y., Namihira M., Honma K., Nomura M. Circadian oscillation of BMAL1, a partner of a mammalian clock gene Clock, in rat suprachiasmatic nucleus. Biochem Biophysical Res Comm. 250:1998;83-87.
32. Ikeda M., Nomura M. cDNA cloning and tissue-specific expression of a novel basic-loop-helix/pas protein (BMAL1) and identification of alternatively spliced variants with alternative translation initiation site usage. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 233:1997;258-264.
33. Jacobsen F.M., Wehr T.A., Skwerer R.A., Sack D.A., Rosenthal N.E. Morning versus midday phototherapy of seasonal affective disorder. Am J Psychiatry. 144:1987;1301-1305.
34. Jarrett D.B., Coble P.A., Kupfer D.J. Reduced cortisol latency in depressive illness. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 40:1983;506-511.
35. Jin X., Shearman L.P., Weaver D.R., Zylka M.J., deVries G.J., Reppert S.M. A molecular mechanism in regulating rhythmic output from the suprachiasmatic circadian clock. Cell. 96:1999;57-68.
36. Jones C.R., Campbell S.S., Zone S.E., Cooper F., Desano A., Murphy P.J., Jones B., Czajowski L., Ptcek L.J. Familial advanced sleep-phase syndrome. A short period circadian rhythm variant in humans Nature Medicine. 5:1999;1062-1065.
37. Katzenberg D., Young T., Finn L., Lin L., King D.P., Takahashi J.S., Mignot E. A CLOCK polymorphism associated with human diurnal preference. Sleep. 21:1998;569-576.
38. Kloss B., Price J.L., Saez L., Blau J., Rothenfluh A., Wesley C.S., Young M.W. The Drosophila clock gene double-time encodes a protein closely related to human casein kinase Iepsilon. Cell. 94:1998;97-107.
39. Koike N., Hida A., Numano R., Hirose M., Sakaki Y., Tei H. Identification of the mammalian homologues of the Drosophila timeless gene, Timeless1. Febs Letters. 441:1998;427-431.
40. Kripke D.F. Light treatment for nonseasonal depression. speed, efficacy and combined treatment J Affect Dis. 49:1998;109-117.
41. Kripke D.F., Mullaney D.J., Atkinson M., Wolf S. Circadian rhythm disorders in manic-depressives. Biol Psychiatry. 13:1978;335-351.
42. Kume K, Zylka MJ, Sriram S, Shearman LP, Weaver DR, Jin X, Maywood ES, Hastings MH, Reppert SM (1999) mCRY1 and mCRY2 are essential components of the negative limb of the circadian clock feedback loop. Cell 98:193-205.
43. Lewy A.J., Bauer V.K., Cutler N.L., Sack R.L., Ahmed S., Thoman K.H., Blood M.L., Jackson J.M. Morning versus evening light treatment of patients with winter depression. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 55:1998;890-896.
44. Lewy A.J., Sack R.L., Miller L.S., Hoban T.M. Antidepressant and circadian phase-shifting effects of light. Science. 235:1987;352-354.
45. Linkowski P., Mendlewicz J., Leclercq R., Brasseur M., Hubain P., Golstein J., Copinshi G., van Cauter E.M. The 24-hour profile of adrenocorticotropin and cortisol in major depressive illness. J Clin Endocrin Metab. 61:1985;429-438.
46. Lisansky J., Fava G.A., Zielezny M.A., Morphy M.A., Kellner R. Nocturnal prolactin and cortisol secretion and recovery from melancholia. Psychoneuroendocrinology. 12:1987;303-312.
47. Lucas R.J., Stirland J.A., Darrow J.M., Menaker M., Loudon A.S. Free running circadian rhythms of melatonin, leutinizing hormone, and cortisol in Syrian hamsters bearing the circadian tau mutation. Endocrinology. 140:1999;758-764.
48. Moore R.Y. Circadian rhythms. A clock for the ages Science. 284:1999;2102.
49. Morin L.P. Serotonin and the regulation of mammalian circadian rhythmicity. Annals of Medicine. 31:1999;12-33.
50. Nambu J.R., Lewis J.O., Wharton K.A.J., Crews S.T. The Drosophila single-mined gene encodes a helix-loop-helix protein that acts as a master regulator of CNS midline development. Cell. 67:1991;1157-1167.
51. Neumeister A., Goessler R., Lucht M., Kaptiany T., Bamas C., Kasper S. Bright light therapy stabilizes the antidepressant effect of partial sleep deprivation. Biol Psychiatry. 39:1996;16-21.
52. Oishi K., Sakamoto K., Okada T., Nagase T., Ishida N. Antiphase circadian expression between BMAL1 and period homologue mRNA in the suprachiasmatic nucleus and peripheral tissues of rats. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 253:1998;199-203.
53. Papousek M. Chronobiologische Aspekte der Zyklothymie. Forstchr Neuro Psychiat. 43:1975;381-440.
54. Parry B.L., Mendelson W.B., Duncan W.C., Sack D.A., Wehr T.A. Longitudinal sleep EEG, temperature, and activity measurements across the menstrual cycle in patients with premenstrual depression and in age-matched controls. Psychiatry Res. 30:1989;285-303.
55. Pflug B., Erickson R., Johnson A. Depression and daily temperature. Acta Psychiatr Scand. 54:1976;254-266.
56. Pickard G.E., Rea M.A. Serotonergic innervation of the hypothalamic suprachiasmatic nucleus and photic regulation of circadian rhythms. Biology of the Cell. 89:1998;513-523.
57. Price J.L., Blau J., Rosenfluh A., Abdodeely M., Kloss B., Young M.W. Double-time is a novel Drosophila clock gene that regulates PERIOD protein accumulation. Cell. 94:1998;83-95.
58. Riemann D., Volmann J., Hohagen F., Lohner H., Konig A., Faler C., Edali N., Berger M. Treatment of depression with sleep deprivation and sleep phase advance. Fortschr der Neuro-Psych. 63:1995;27-276.
59. Riemann D., Hohagen F., Konig A., Schwarz B., Gomille J., Voderholzer U. Advanced vs normal sleep timing. Effects of depressed mood after response to sleep deprivation in patients with major depressive disorder J Affective Dis. 37:1996;121-128.
60. Riemann, D, Konig A, Hohagen F., Kiemen A, Voderholzer U, Backhaus J, Bunz J, Weslack B, Hermle L, Berger M (in press): How to preserve the antidepressant effect of sleep deprivation: A comparison of sleep phase advance and sleep phase delay. Eur Archives Clin Psychiatry.
61. Rosenthal N.E., Sack D.A., Gillin J.C., Lewy A.J., Goodwin F.K., Davenport Y., Mueller P.S., Newsome D.A., Wehr T.A. Seasonal affective disorder. A description of the symptoms and preliminary findings with light therapy. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 41:1984;72-80.
62. Rosenthal N.E. Winter Blues. Seasonal Affective Disorder:1993;1-318 Guilford Press, New York.
63. Rosenthal N.E., Mazzanti C.M., Barnett R.L., Hardin T.A., Turner E.H., Lam G.K., Ozaki N., Goldman D. Role of serotonin transporter promoter repeat length polymorphism (5-HTTLPR) in seasonality and seasonal affective disorder. Mol Psychiatry. 3:1998;175-177.
64. Rutila J.E., Suri V., Le M., So W.V., Rosbash M., Hall J.C. CYCLE is a second bHLH clock protein essential for circadian rhythmicity and transcription of Drosophila period and timeless. Cell. 93:1998;805-814. a.
65. Rutila J.E., Maltseva O., Rosbash M. The timSL mutant affects a restricted portion of the Drosophila melanogaster circadian cycle. J Biol Rhythms. 13:1998;380-392. b.
66. Sack D.A., Nurnberger J., Rosenthal N.E., Ashburn E., Wehr T.A. Potentiation of antidepressant medications by phase advance of the sleep-wake cycle. Am J Psychiatry. 142:1985;606-608.
67. Sangoram A.M., Saez L., Antoch M.P., Gekakis N., Staknis D., Whiteley A., Fruechte E.M., Vitaterna M.H., Shimomura K., King D.P., Young M.W., Weitz C.J., Takahashi J.S. Mammalian autoregulatory loop. a timeless ortholog and mPer1 interact and negatively regulate CLOCK-BMAL1-induced transcription Neuron. 21:1998;1101-1113.
68. Sassone-Corsi P. Molecular clocks. mastering time by gene regulation Nature. 392:1998;871-874.
69. Schwartz P.J., Rosenthal N.E., Turner E.H., Drake C.L., Liberty V., Wehr T.A. Seasonal variation in core temperature regulation during sleep in patients with winter seasonal affective disorder. Biol Psychiatry. 42:1997;122-131. a.
70. Schwartz P.J., Murphy D.L., Wehr T.A., Garcia-Borreguero D., Oren D.A., Moul D.E., Ozaki N., Snelbaker A.J., Rosenthal N.E. Effects of meta-chlorophenylpiperazine infusions in patients with seasonal affective disorder and healthy control subjects. Diurnal responses and nocturnal regulatory mechanisms. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 54:1997;375-385. b.
71. Shearman L.P., Weaver D.R. Photic induction of Period gene expression is reduced in Clock mutant mice. Neuroreport. 10:1999;613-618.
72. Sher L., Hardin T.A., Greenberg B.D., Murphy D.L., Li Q., Rosenthal N.E. Seasonality associated with the serotonin transporter promoter repeat length polymorphism. Am J Psychiatry. 156:1999;1837.
73. Sollars P.J., Pickard G.E. Restoration of circadian behavior by anterior hypothalamic grafts containing the suprachiasmatic nucleus. graft/host interconnections Chronobiology International. 15:1998;513-533.
74. Souétre E., Salvati E., Wehr T.A., Sack D.A., Krebs B., Darcourt G. Twenty-four-hour profiles of body temperature and plasma TSH in bipolar patients during depression and during remission and in normal control subjects. Am J Psychiatry. 145:1988;1133-1137.
75. Souétre E., Salvati E., Belugou J.-L., Pringuey D., Candidito M., Krebs B., Ardisson J.-L., Darcourt Circadian rhythms in depression and recovery. Evidence for blunted amplitude as the main chronobiological abnormality Psychiatry Res. 28:1989;263-278.
76. Stanewsky R., Kaneko M., Emery P., Beretta B., Wager-Smith K., Kay S.A., Rosbash M., Hall J.C. The cryb mutation identifies cryptochrome as a circadian photoreceptor in Drosophila. Cell. 95:1998;681-692.
77. Steeves D.L., King D.P., Zhaio Y., Sangoram A.M., Du F., Bowcock A., Moore R., Takahashi J. Molecular cloning and characterization of the human CLOCK gene. Expression in the suprachiasmatic nucleus Genomics. 57:1999;189-200.
78. Steiger A., von Bardeleben U., Herth T., Holsboer F. Sleep EEG and nocturnal secretion of growth hormone in male patients with endogenous depression before treatment and after recovery. J Affect Dis. 16:1989;189-195.
79. Szuba M.P., Guze B.H., Baxter L.R. Jr. Electroconvulsive therapy increases circadian amplitude and lowers core body tempearture in depressed subjects. Biol Psychiatry. 42:1997;1130-1137.
80. Takumi T., Matsubara C., Shigeyoshi Y., Taguchi K., Yagita K., Maebayashi Y., Sakakida Y., Okumura K., Takashima N., Okamura H. A new mammalian period gene predominantly expressed in the suprachiasmatic nucleus. Genes to Cells. 3:1998;167-176.
81. Takumi T., Taguchi K., Miyake S., Sakakida Y., Takashima N., Matsubara C., Maebayashi Y., Okumura K., Takekida S., Yamamoto S., Yagita K., Yan L., Young M.W., Okamura H. A light-independent oscillatory gene mPer3 in mouse SCN and OVLT. Embo Journal. 17:1999;4753-4759.
82. Thalaen B.E., Merkrid L., Kjellman B.F., Wetterberg L. Cortisol in light treatment of seasonal and non-seasonal depression. relationship between melatonin and cortisol Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica. 96:1997;385-394.
83. Thresher R.J., Vitaterna M.H., Miyamoto Y., Kazantsev A., Hsu D.S., Petit C., Selby C.P., Dawut L., Smithies O., Takahashi J.S., Sancar A. Role of mouse cryptochrome blue-light photoreceptor in circadian photoresponses. Science. 282:1998;1490-1494.
84. Tischkau SA, Barnes JA, Lin F-J, Myers EM, Soucy JW, Meyer-Bernstein EL, Hurst WJ, Burgoon PW, Chen D, Sehgal A, MU Gillette (1999): Oscillation and light induction of TIMELESS mRNA in the mammalian circadian clock. Neuroscience Abstracts, Soc Neuroscience, 29th Annual Meeting, Miami Beach, Florida, October 23-28, #459.9, p 1132.
85. van der Horst, GTJ, Muijtjens M, Kobayashi K, Takano R, Kanno S-I, Takao M, de Wit, J, Verkerk A, Eker APM, van Leenen D, Buijs R, Bootsma D, Hoejimakers JHJ, Yasui A (1999) Mammalian Cry1 and Cry2 are essential for maintenance of circadian rhythms. Nature 398:627-630.
86. Van Dongen H.P., Kerkhof G.A., Souverijn J.H. Absence of seasonal variation in the phase of endogenous circadian rhythm in humans. Chronobiology International. 15:1998;623-632.
87. Vollmann J., Berger M. Sleep deprivation with consecutive sleep-phase advance therapy in patients with major depression. a pilot study Biol Psychiatry. 33:1993;54-57.
88. von Zerssen D., Doerr P., Emrich H.M., Lund R., Pirke K.M. Diurnal variation of mood and the cortisol rhythm in depression and normal states of mind. Eur J Arch Neurol Sci. 237:1987;36-45.
89. von Zerssen D., Barthelmes H., Dirlich G., Doerr P., Emrich H.M., von Lindern L., Lund R., Pirke K.M. Circadian rhythms in endogenous depression. Psychiatry Res. 16:1985;51-63.
90. Wehr T.A., Wirz-Justice A., Goodwin F.K., Duncan W., Gillin J.C. Phase advance in the circadian sleep-wake cycle as an antidepressant. Science. 206:1979;710-713.
91. Wehr TA, Sack DA, Duncan WC Jr, Rosenthal, NE, Mendelson WB, Gillin JC, Goodwin FK (1985) Sleep and circadian rhythms in affective patients isolated from external time cues. Psychiatry Res 15:327-339.
92. Wehr TA, Wirz-Justice A (1982). Circadian rhythm mechanisms in affective illness and in antidepressant drug action. Pharmacopsychiatry 15: 31-39.
93. Wehr T.A., Muscettola G., Goodwin F.K. Urinary 3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenylglycol circadian rhythm. Early timing (phase advance) in manic-depressives compared with normal subjects. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 37:1980;257-263.
94. Wehr T.A. 'A clock for all seasons' in the human brain. Prog Brain Res. 111:1996;321-342.
95. Welsh DK, Logothetis DE, Meister MM, Reppert SM (1995) Individual neurons dissociated from rat suprachiasmatic nucleus express independently phase circadian firing rhythms. Neuron 14:697-705.
96. Wirz-Justice A (1998) Biological rhythms of mood disorders in Psychopharmacology, The Fourth Generation of Progress on CD ROM, Chapter 97, Lippincott, Williams and Wilkins.
97. Wu J., Bunney W.E. Jr. The biological basis of an antidepressant response to sleep deprivation and relapse. review and hypothesis Am J Psychiatry. 147:1990;14-21.
98. Yamada N., Martin-Iverson M.T., Daimon K., Tsujimoto T., Takahashi S. Clinical and chronobiological effects of light therapy on nonseasonal affective disorders. Biol Psychiatry. 37:1995;866-873.
99. Young M.W. The molecular control of circadian behavioral rhythms and their entrainment in Drosophila. Annual Rev Biochemistry. 67:1998;135-152.
100. Zylka M.J., Shearman L.P., Levine J.D., Jin X., Weaver D.R., Reppert S.M. Molecular analysis of mammalian timeless. Neuron. 21:1998;1115-1122. a.
101. Zylka M.J., Shearman L.P., Weaver D.R., Reppert S.M. Three period homologs in mammals. differential light responses in the suprachiasmatic circadian clock and oscillating transcripts outside of brain Neuron. 20:1998;1103-1110. b.