Adverse effects of creatine supplementation: Fact or fiction?

Sports Medicine

Volumn 30, Issue 3, 2000, Pages 155-170

  Poortmans, J R ^a   Francaux, M ^b  

^a FREE UNIVERSITY OF BRUSSELS   (Belgium)

^b UNIVERSITÉ CATHOLIQUE DE LOUVAIN   (Belgium)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

CREATINE;

ATHLETE; BODY MASS; DIARRHEA; DRUG CLEARANCE; DRUG EFFECT; FEMALE; HEALTH HAZARD; HEART PROTECTION; HUMAN; LIVER DYSFUNCTION; MALE; MASS MEDIUM; MUSCLE CRAMP; MUSCLE MASS; NUTRITIONAL SUPPORT; REVIEW; TOTAL BODY WATER; VOMITING;

EID: 0033826998     PISSN: 01121642     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.2165/00007256-200030030-00002     Document Type: Review

References (113)

1. Creatine supplementation and exercise performance: An update
2. Creatine in humans with special reference to creatine supplementation
3. Effets ergogeniques de la creatine
4. Effects of creatine supplementation and exercise performance
5. Creatine and its application as an ergogenic aid
6. Oral creatine supplementation and athletic performance: A critical review
7. Creatine supplementation and exercise performance
8. Creatine supplementation as an ergogenic aid for sports performance in highly trained athletes: A critical review
9. Potential side effects of oral creatine supplementation: A critical review
10. Effects of creatine supplementation on exercise performances
11. Use of supplements by US Navy Seals
12. The physiological and health effects of oral creatine supplementation
13. Renal dysfunction accompanying oral creatine supplements
14. Creatine supplementation and dynamic high-intensity intermittent exercise
15. Creatine supplementation per se does not enhance endurance exercise performance
16. Effect of oral creatine supplementation on skeletal muscle phosphocreatine resynthesis
17. Effect of oral creatine supplementation on respiratory gas exchange and blood lactate accumulation during steady-state incremental treadmill exercise and recovery in man
18. Skeletal muscle metabolism during short duration high-intensity exercise: Influence of creatine supplementation
19. Effects of oral creatine loading on single and repeated maximal short sprints
20. Carbohydrate ingestion augments skeletal muscle creatine accumulation during creatine supplementation in humans
21. Creatine supplementation does not improve sprint performance in competitive swimmers
22. Caffeine counteracts the ergogenic action of muscle creatine loading
23. Effect of creatine supplementation during strength training on 1-RM and body composition
24. Effects of creatine supplementation on endurance cycling combined with short, high-intensity bouts
25. Effects of creatine supplementation on repetitive sprint performance and body composition in competitive swimmers
26. Effect of creatine supplementation on upper extremity anaerobic response in females
27. Creatine supplementation enhances intermittent work performance
28. The effects of a supplement designed to augment creatine uptake on exercise performance and fat free mass in football players
29. The effect of creatine supplementation on two 700-m maximal running bouts
30. Long-term creatine intake is beneficial to muscle performance during resistance training
31. Effects of creatine monohydrate ingestion in sedentary and weight-trained older adults
32. Creatine supplementation enhances maximum voluntary isometric force and endurance capacity in resistance trained men
33. Effect of creatine supplementation during rapid body mass reduction on metabolism and isokinetic muscle performance capacity
34. Effect of creatine supplementation on sprint exercise performance and muscle metabolism
35. Role of submaximal exercise in promoting creatine and glycogen accumulation in human skeletal muscle
36. Performance and muscle fiber adaptations to creatine supplementation and heavy resistance training
37. Metabolic effect of creatine supplementation with or without a concomitant reduction in body weight
38. Creatine supplementation differentially affects maximal isometric strength and time to fatigue in large and small muscle groups
39. The effect of creatine monohydrate ingestion on anaerobic power indices, muscular strength and body composition
40. Effect of creatine on aerobic and anaerobic metabolism in skeletal muscle in swimmers
41. Effects of low dose creatine supplementation on strength, speed and power events by male athletes
42. The effect of six weeks of creatine monohydrate supplementation in male and female track athletes
43. Creatine supplementation enhances muscular performance during high-intensity resistance exercise
44. Effects of creatine supplementation on body composition, strength, and sprint performance
45. Effects of training and creatine supplement on muscle strength and body mass
46. Creatine supplementation and swimming performance
47. Effects of in-season (5 weeks) creatine and pyruvate supplementation on anaerobic performance and body composition in American football players
48. Effects of 30 days of creatine ingestion in older men
49. Effect of exogenous creatine supplementation on muscle PCr metabolism
50. Carbohydrate ingestion augments creatine retention during creatine feeding in humans
51. The stimulatory effect of insulin on creatine accumulation in human skeletal muscle
52. Creatine uptake in isolated soleus muscle: Kinetics and dependence on sodium, but not on insulin
53. Muscle creatine loading in men
54. Acute creatine ingestion: Effects on muscle volume, anaerobic power, fluid volumes and protein turnover
55. Creatine and the control of myosin synthesis in differentiating skeletal muscle
56. Specificity of creatine in the control of muscle protein synthesis
57. Role of creatine in the regulation of cardiac synthesis
58. The role of the phosphocreatine energy shuttle in exercise and muscle hypertrophy
59. Effects of oral creatine administration on skeletal muscle protein and creatine levels
60. Effects of creatine loading and training on running performance and biochemical properties of rat skeletal muscle
61. A reexamination of the effects of creatine on muscle protein synthesis in tissue culture
62. Effects of the creatine analogue β-guanidopropionic acid on skeletal muscles of mice deficient in muscle creatine kinase
63. Biochemical and ultrastructural changes in skeletal muscle induced by a creatine antagonist
64. Interaction of chronic creatine depletion and muscle unloading: Effects on postural and locomotor muscles
65. Running performance and cardiovascular capacity are not impaired in creatine-depleted rats
66. Oral creatine supplementation in male collegiate athletes: A survey of dosing habits and side effects
67. Renal dysfunction accompanying oral creatine supplements
68. Creatine metabolism in skeletal muscle
69. Increase of total creatine in human brain after oral supplementation of creatine-monohydrate
70. Changes in skeletal muscle with aging: Effects of exercise training
71. The effects of oral creatine supplementation on body mass, isometric strength, and isokinetic performance in older individuals
72. Creatine supplementation and age influence muscle metabolism during exercise
73. Creatine supplementation in chronic heart failure increases skeletal muscle creatine phosphate and muscle performance
74. The effect of dietary creatine supplementation on skeletal muscle metabolism in congestive heart failure
75. A randomized, controlled trial of creatine monohydrate in patients with mitochondrial cytopathies
76. 2+ handling and survival in mdx skeletal muscle cells
77. Energy status of cells lacking dystrophin: An in vivo/in vitro study of mdx mouse skeletal muscle
78. Supplementary creatine as a treatment for gyrate atrophy of the choroid and retina
79. Neuroprotective effects of creatine and cyclocreatine in animal models of Huntington's disease
80. Neuroprotective effects of creatine in a transgenic animal model of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
81. Proton MRS of oral creatine supplementation in rats: Cerebral metabolite concentrations and ischemic challenge
82. Brain water diffusion in normal and creatine-supplemented rats during transient global ischemia
83. MELAS: Clinical features, biochemistry and molecular genetics
84. Creatine treatment in MELAS
85. Creatine replacement therapy in guanidoacetate methyltransferase deficiency, a novel inborn error of metabolism
86. Creatine deficiency in the brain: A new, treatable inborn error of metabolism
87. Influence of chronic creatine supplementation on hepatorenal function
88. Impact of chronic creatine supplementation on serum enzyme concentration
89. The effect of creatine supplementation on blood pressure, plasma creatine kinase, and body composition
90. Oral creatine supplementation and liver metabolism
91. Creatine supplementation in endurance sports
92. The fate of creatine when administered to man
93. The transformation of creatine into creatinine by the male and female organism
94. Creatine feeding and creatine-creatinine excretion in males and females of different age groups
95. Creatine metabolism in men: Urinary creatine and creatinine excretions with creatine feeding
96. The effect of oral creatine supplementation on the 1000m performance of competitive rowers
97. The effects of oral creatine supplementation on performance m single and repeated sprint swimming
98. Effects of short-term creatine supplementation on renal responses in men
99. Renal dysfunction accompanying oral creatine supplements: Reply
100. Elevation of creatine in resting and exercised muscle of normal subjects by creatine supplementation
101. Long-term oral creatine supplementation does not impair renal function in healthy athletes
102. Kidney function during exercise in healthy and diseased humans
103. Interstitial nephritis in a patient taking creatine
104. Creatine supplementation in health and disease. Effects of chronic creatine ingestion in vivo: Down-Regulation of the expression of creatine transporter isoforms in skeletal muscle