In situ studies on volatile jet exhaust particle emissions: Impact of fuel sulfur content and environmental conditions on nuclei mode aerosols

Journal of Geophysical Research Atmospheres

Volumn 105, Issue D15, 2000, Pages 19941-19954

  Schroder F ^a   Brock, C A ^b   Baumann, R ^a   Petzold, A ^a   Busen, R ^a   Schulte, P ^a   Fiebig, M ^a  

^a GERMAN AEROSPACE CENTER DLR   (Germany)

^b University of Denver   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

AEROSOL; AIRCRAFT EMISSION; PARTICULATE MATTER;

EID: 0033790129     PISSN: 01480227     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1029/2000JD900112     Document Type: Article

References (39)

1. Anderson, B. E., W. R. Cofer, D. R. Bagwell, J. W. Barrick, C. H. Hudgins, and K. E. Brunke, Airborne observations of aircraft aerosol emissions, I, Total nonvolatile particle emission indices, Geophys. Res. Lett., 25, 1689-1692, 1998a.
2. Anderson, B. E., W. R. Cofer, D. R. Bagwell, J. W. Barrick, and C. H. Hudgins, Airborne observations of aircraft aerosol emissions, II, Factors controlling volatile particle production, Geophys. Res. Lett., 25, 1693-1696, 1998b.
3. Anderson, B. E., W. R. Cofer, G. L. Gregory, S. Vay, K. E. Brunke, Y. Kondo, M. Koike, H. Schlager, S. Baughcum, and E. J. Jensen, An assessment of aircraft as a source of particles to the upper troposphere. Geophys. Res. Lett., 26, 3069-3072, 1999.
4. Brock, C. A., J. C. Wilson, D. W. Gesler, B. G. Lafleur, and J. M. Reeves, A new instrument for fast-response, airborne measurements of particle size distributions from 4-100 nm diameter, Eos Trans. AGU 79(45), Fall Meet. Suppl., F138-F139, 1998.
5. Brock, C. A., F. Schröder, B. Kärcher, A. Petzold, R. Busen, M. Fiebig, and J. C. Wilson, Ultrafine particle size distributions measured in aircraft exhaust plumes, J. Geophys. Res., in press, 2000.
6. Danilin, M. Y., et al., Aviation fuel tracer simulations: Model intercomparison and implications, Geophys. Res. Lett., 25, 3947-3950, 1998.
7. Döpelheuer, A., Berechnung der Produkte unvollständiger Verbrennung aus Luftfahrttriebwerken, IB-325-09-97, Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt, Inst. für Antriebstechnik, Cologne, Germany, 1997.
8. Fahey, D. W., U. Schumann, S. Ackerman, P. Artaxo, O. Boucher, M. Y., Danilin, B. Kärcher, P. Minnis, T. Nakajima, and O. B. Toon, Aviation-produced aerosols and cloudiness, in Aviation and the Global Atmosphere, A Special Report of IPCC (Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change), edited by J. E. Penner et al., Cambridge Univ. Press, New York, 1999.
9. Friedl, R. R. (Ed.), Atmospheric effects of subsonic aircraft: Interim assessment report of the Advanced Subsonic Technology Program, NASA Ref. Publ. 1400, 178 pp., 1997.
10. Gardner, E. M. (Ed.), Global aircraft emissions inventories for 1991/92 and 2015, EUR 18179, 84 pp., Eur. Comm. Dir.-Gen. XI, Brussels, 1998.
11. Gleitsmann, G., and R. Zellner, A modeling study of the formation of cloud condensation nuclei in the jet regime of aircraft plumes, J. Geophys. Res., 103, 19,543-19,555, 1998.
12. Hagen, D. E., P. D. Whitefield, J. Paladino, M. Trueblood, and H. Lilenfeld, Particle sizing and emission indices for a jet engine exhaust sampled at cruise, Geophys. Res. Lett., 25, 1681-1684, 1998.
13. Hinds, W. C., Aerosol Technology, John Wiley, New York, 1982.
14. Hofmann, D. J., R. S. Stone, M. E. Wood, T. Deshler, and J. M. Harris, An analysis of 25 years of balloon-borne aerosol data in search of a signature of the subsonic commercial aircraft fleet, Geophys. Res. Lett., 25, 2433-2436, 1998.
15. International Civil Aviation Organization, Engine Exhaust Emissions Data Bank, 1st ed., Doc. 9646-AN/943, Montreal, Quebeck, Canada, 1995.
16. Kärcher, B., T. Peter, U. M. Biermann, and U. Schumann, The initial composition of jet condensation trails, J. Atmos. Sci., 53, 3066-3083, 1996.
17. Kärcher, B., and D. W. Fahey, The role of sulfur emissions in volatile particle formation in jet aircraft exhaust plumes, Geophys. Res. Lett., 24, 389-392, 1997.
18. Kärcher, B., R. Busen, A. Petzold, F. Schröder, U. Schumann, and E. J. Jensen, Physiochemistry of aircraft-generated liquid aerosols, soot, and ice particles, 2, Comparison with observations and sensitivity studies, J. Geophys. Res., 103, 17,129-17,148, 1998a.
19. Kärcher, B., F. Yu, F. Schröder, and R. P. Turco, Ultrafine aerosol particles in aircraft plumes: Analysis of growth mechanisms, Geophys. Res. Lett., 25, 2793-2796, 1998b.
20. Kjellström, E., J. Feichter, R. Sausen, and R. Hein, The contribution of aircraft emissions to the atmospheric sulfur budget, Atmos. Environ., 33, 3455-3465, 1999.
21. Kuhn, M., A. Petzold, D. Baumgardner, and F. Schröder, Particle composition of young condensation trail and of upper tropospheric aerosol, Geophys. Res. Lett., 25, 2679-2682, 1998.
22. McDermott, W.-T., R. C. Ockovic, and M. R. McMurry, Counting efficiency of an improved 30-Å condensation nucleus counter, Aerosol Sci. Technol., 14, 278-287, 1991.
23. Peters, J. L., New techniques for contrail forecasting, Rep. AWS/TR-9321998, Air Weather Serv., Scott Air Force Base, Ill., 1993.
24. Petzold, A., et al., Near-field measurements on contrail properties from fuels with different sulfur content, J. Geophys. Res., 102, 29,867-29,880, 1997.
25. Petzold, A., J. Ström, S. Ohlsson, and F.P. Schröder, Elemental composition and morphology of ice crystal residual particles in cirrus clouds and contrails, Atmos. Res., 49, 21-34, 1998.
26. Petzold, A., J. Ström, F. Schröder, and B. Kärcher, Carbonaceous aerosol in jet engine exhaust: Emission characteristics and implications for heterogeneous chemical reactions, Atmos. Environ., 33, 2689-2698, 1999.
27. Petzold, A., A. Do̊pelheuer, C. Brock, and F. Schröder, In situ observations and model calculations of black carbon emission by aircraft at cruise altitude, J. Geophys. Res., 104, 22,171-22,181, 1999b.
28. Schröder, F.P., and J. Ström, Aircraft measurements of sub micrometer aerosol particles (>7 nm) in the midlatitude free troposphere and tropopause region, Atmos. Res., 44, 333-356, 1997.
29. Schröder, F., B. Kärcher, A. Petzold, R. Baumann, R. Busen, C. Hoell, and U. Schumann, Ultrafine aerosol particles in aircraft plumes: In situ observations, Geophys. Res. Lett., 25, 2789-2792, 1998.
30. Schulte, P., and H. Schlager, In-flight measurements of cruise altitude nitric oxide emission indices of commercial jet aircraft, Geophys. Res. Lett., 23, 165-168, 1996.
31. Schumann, U., J. Ström, R. Busen, R. Baumann, K. Gierens, M. Krautstrunk, F. Schröder, and J. Stingl, In situ observations of particles in jet aircraft exhausts and contrails for different sulfur-containing fuels, J. Geophys. Res., 101, 6853-6869, 1996.
32. Schumann, U., H. Schlager, F. Arnold, R. Baumann, P. Haschberger, and O. Klemm, Dilution of aircraft exhaust plumes at cruise altitudes, Atmos. Environ., 32, 3097-3103, 1998.
33. Slemr, F., H. Giel, J. Slemr, R. Busen, P. Haschberger, and P. Schulte, In-flight measurements of aircraft non-methane hydrocarbon emission indices, Geophys. Res. Lett., 25, 321-324, 1998.
34. Spicer, C. W., M. W. Holdren, R. M. Riggin, and T. F. Lyon, 1994, Chemical composition and photochemical reactivity of exhaust from aircraft turbine engines, Ann. Geophys., 12, 944-955, 1994.
35. Stolzenburg, M. R., and P. H. McMurry, An ultrafine condensation nucleus counter, Aerosol Sci. Technol., 14, 48-65, 1991.
36. Wey, C., et al., Engine gaseous, aerosol precursor and particulate at simulated flight altitude conditions, NASA Tech. Memo., 208509, 138 pp., 1998.
37. Yu, F., and R. P. Turco, Contrail formation and impacts on aerosol properties in aircraft plumes: Effects of fuel sulfur content, Geophys. Res. Lett., 25, 313-316, 1998.
38. Yu, F., R. P. Turco, B. Kärcher, and F. Schröder: On the mechanisms controlling the formation and properties of volatile particles in aircraft wakes, Geophys. Res. Lett., 25, 3839-3842, 1998.
39. Yu, F., R. P. Turco, and B. Kärcher, The possible role of organics in the formation and evolution of ultrafine aircraft particles, J. Geophys. Res., 104, 4079-4087, 1999.