메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 75, Issue 11, 2000, Pages 1161-1168

Antimicrobial resistance in Streptococcus pneumoniae: Implications for patients with community-acquired pneumonia

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ANTIBIOTIC AGENT; AZITHROMYCIN; BETA LACTAM ANTIBIOTIC; CARBAPENEM DERIVATIVE; CEFOTAXIME; CEFTRIAXONE; CEPHALOSPORIN DERIVATIVE; CLARITHROMYCIN; CLINDAMYCIN; COTRIMOXAZOLE; DOXYCYCLINE; ERYTHROMYCIN; GATIFLOXACIN; IMIPENEM; LEVOFLOXACIN; MACROLIDE; MOXIFLOXACIN; OFLOXACIN; PENICILLIN DERIVATIVE; QUINOLINE DERIVED ANTIINFECTIVE AGENT; ROXITHROMYCIN; TETRACYCLINE DERIVATIVE; VANCOMYCIN;

EID: 0033761135     PISSN: 00256196     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.4065/75.11.1161     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (32)

References (75)
  • 2
    • 0030814756 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Incidence of community-acquired pneumonia requiring hospitalization: Results of a population-based active surveillance study in Ohio
    • Community-Based Pneumonia Incidence Study Group.
    • Marston BJ, Plouffe JF, File TM Jr,et al,Community-Based Pneumonia Incidence Study Group. Incidence of community-acquired pneumonia requiring hospitalization: results of a population-based active surveillance study in Ohio. Arch Intern Med. 1997; 157: 1709-1718.
    • (1997) Arch Intern Med. , vol.157 , pp. 1709-1718
    • Marston, B.J.1    Plouffe, J.F.2    File Jr., T.M.3
  • 3
    • 0030835469 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Invasive pneumococcal infections: A comparison between adults and children
    • Rahav G, Toledano Y, Engelhard D,et al. Invasive pneumococcal infections: a comparison between adults and children. Medicine (Baltimore). 1997;76:295-303.
    • (1997) Medicine (Baltimore). , vol.76 , pp. 295-303
    • Rahav, G.1    Toledano, Y.2    Engelhard, D.3
  • 4
    • 0033119559 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Is Streptococcus pneumonias the leading cause of pneumonia of unknown etiology? a microbiologie study of lung aspirates in consecutive patients with community-acquired pneumonia
    • Ruiz-Gonzalez A, Falguera M, Nogues A, Rubio-Caballero M. Is Streptococcus pneumonias the leading cause of pneumonia of unknown etiology? a microbiologie study of lung aspirates in consecutive patients with community-acquired pneumonia. Am J Med. 1999;106:385-390.
    • (1999) Am J Med. , vol.106 , pp. 385-390
    • Ruiz-Gonzalez, A.1    Falguera, M.2    Nogues, A.3    Rubio-Caballero, M.4
  • 5
    • 0029119797 scopus 로고
    • The prevalence of drug-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae in Atlanta
    • Hofmann J, Cetron MS, Parley MM,et al. The prevalence of drug-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae in Atlanta. N Engl J Med. 1995:333:481-486.
    • (1995) N Engl J Med. , vol.333 , pp. 481-486
    • Hofmann, J.1    Cetron, M.S.2    Parley, M.M.3
  • 6
    • 0030839052 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prevalence of human immunodeficiency virus infection, mortality rate, and serogroup distribution among patients with pneumococcal bacteremia at Denver General Hospital, 1984-1994
    • Hibbs JR, Douglas JM Jr, Judson FN, McGill WL, Rietmeijer CA, Janoff EN. Prevalence of human immunodeficiency virus infection, mortality rate, and serogroup distribution among patients with pneumococcal bacteremia at Denver General Hospital, 1984-1994. Clin Infect Dis. 1997;25:195-199.
    • (1997) Clin Infect Dis. , vol.25 , pp. 195-199
    • Hibbs, J.R.1    Judson, F.N.2    McGill, W.L.3    Rietmeijer, C.A.4    Janoff, E.N.5
  • 7
    • 0030473476 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Oral empiric treatment of community-acquired pneumonia: A multicenter, double-blind, randomized study comparing sparfloxacin with roxithromycin
    • Ortqvist A, Valtonen M, Cars O, Wahl M, Saikku P, Jean C, Scandinavian Sparfloxacin Study Group. Oral empiric treatment of community-acquired pneumonia: a multicenter, double-blind, randomized study comparing sparfloxacin with roxithromycin. Chest. 1996:110:1499-1506.
    • (1996) Chest. , vol.110 , pp. 1499-1506
    • Ortqvist, A.1    Valtonen, M.2    Cars, O.3    Wahl, M.4    Saikku, P.5    Jean, C.6    Group, S.S.S.7
  • 8
    • 0029151009 scopus 로고
    • Resistance to penicillin and cephalosporin and mortality from severe pneumococcal pneumonia in Barcelona, Spain
    • Pallares R, Linares J, Vadillo M,et al. Resistance to penicillin and cephalosporin and mortality from severe pneumococcal pneumonia in Barcelona, Spain. N EnglJ Med. 1995:333:474-480.
    • (1995) N EnglJ Med. , vol.333 , pp. 474-480
    • Pallares, R.1    Linares, J.2    Vadillo, M.3
  • 9
    • 0031089949 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Antimicrobial resistance: Implications for managing respiratory failure
    • Chenoweth C, Lynch JP III. Antimicrobial resistance: implications for managing respiratory failure. Curr Opin Pulm Med. 1997;3: 159-169.
    • (1997) Curr Opin Pulm Med. , vol.3 , pp. 159-169
    • Chenoweth, C.1    Lynch III, J.P.2
  • 10
    • 2442727490 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prevalence of antimicrobial resistance among respiratory tract isolates of Streptococcus pneumoniae in North America: 1997 results from the SENTRY antimicrobial surveillance program
    • Doern GV, Pfaller MA, Kugler K, Freeman J, Jones RN. Prevalence of antimicrobial resistance among respiratory tract isolates of Streptococcus pneumoniae in North America: 1997 results from the SENTRY antimicrobial surveillance program. Clin Infect Dis. 1998:27:764-770.
    • (1998) Clin Infect Dis. , vol.27 , pp. 764-770
    • Doern, G.V.1    Pfaller, M.A.2    Kugler, K.3    Freeman, J.4    Jones, R.N.5
  • 11
    • 0029802138 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Antimicrobial-drug resistance
    • Gold HS, Moellering RC Jr. Antimicrobial-drug resistance. N Engl JMed. 1996:335:1445-1453.
    • (1996) N Engl JMed. , vol.335 , pp. 1445-1453
    • Moellering Jr., G.H.S.1
  • 12
    • 0033044320 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Epidemiologie trends in nosocomial and community-acquired infections due to antibioticresistant gram-positive bacteria: The role of streptogramins and other newer compounds
    • Jones RN, Low DE, Pfaller MA. Epidemiologie trends in nosocomial and community-acquired infections due to antibioticresistant gram-positive bacteria: the role of streptogramins and other newer compounds. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis. 1999;33:101112.
    • (1999) Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis. , vol.33 , pp. 101112
    • Jones, R.N.1    De Low2    Pfaller, M.A.3
  • 13
    • 0029058081 scopus 로고
    • Infections caused by erythromycin-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae: Incidence, risk factors, and response to therapy in a prospective study
    • Moreno S, Garcia-Leoni ME, Cercenado E, Diaz MD, Bernaldo de Quiros JC, Bouza E. Infections caused by erythromycin-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae: incidence, risk factors, and response to therapy in a prospective study. Clin Infect Dis. 1995;20:11951200.
    • (1995) Clin Infect Dis. , vol.20 , pp. 11951200
    • Moreno, S.1    Garcia-Leoni, M.E.2    Cercenado, E.3    Diaz, M.D.4    De Bernaldo Quiros, J.C.5    Bouza, E.6
  • 14
    • 0031001743 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Multivariate analysis of risk factors for infection due to penicillinresistant and multidrug-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae: A multicenter study
    • Clavo-Sanchez AJ, Giron-Gonzalez JA, Lopez-Prieto D,et al. Multivariate analysis of risk factors for infection due to penicillinresistant and multidrug-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae: a multicenter study. Clin Infect Dis. 1997:24:1052-1059.
    • (1997) Clin Infect Dis. , vol.24 , pp. 1052-1059
    • Clavo-Sanchez, A.J.1    Giron-Gonzalez, J.A.2    Lopez-Prieto, D.3
  • 15
    • 0029839988 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Epidemiology and in vitro susceptibility of drugresistant Streptococcus pneumoniae
    • Appelbaum PC. Epidemiology and in vitro susceptibility of drugresistant Streptococcus pneumoniae. Pediatr Infect Dis J. 1996; 15: 932-934.
    • (1996) Pediatr Infect Dis J. , vol.15 , pp. 932-934
    • Appelbaum, P.C.1
  • 17
    • 0033051435 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparative in-vitro activity of levofloxacin against isolates of bacteria from adult patients with community-acquired lower respiratory tract infections
    • Casellas JM, Gilardoni M, Tome G,et al. Comparative in-vitro activity of levofloxacin against isolates of bacteria from adult patients with community-acquired lower respiratory tract infections. J Antimicrob Chemother. 1999;43(suppl C):37-42.
    • (1999) J Antimicrob Chemother. , vol.43 , pp. 37-42
    • Casellas, J.M.1    Gilardoni, M.2    Tome, G.3
  • 18
    • 0032973960 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • In-vitro activity of levofloxacin against Streptococcus pneumoniae with various levels of penicillin resistance
    • Thomson KS, Chartrand SA, Sanders CC, Block SL. In-vitro activity of levofloxacin against Streptococcus pneumoniae with various levels of penicillin resistance. J Antimicrob Chemother. 1999;43 (supplC):15-19.
    • (1999) J Antimicrob Chemother. , vol.43 , Issue.SUPPLC , pp. 15-19
    • Thomson, K.S.1    Chartrand, S.A.2    Sanders, C.C.3    Block, S.L.4
  • 19
    • 0033595136 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Decreased susceptibility of Streptococcus pneumoniae to fluoroquinolones in Canada
    • Chen DK, McGeer A, de Azavedo JC, Low DE, Canadian Bacterial Surveillance Network. Decreased susceptibility of Streptococcus pneumoniae to fluoroquinolones in Canada. N Engl J Med. 1999; 341:233-239.
    • (1999) N Engl J Med. , vol.341 , pp. 233-239
    • Chen, D.K.1    McGeer, A.2    De Azavedo, J.C.3    De Low4    Network, C.B.S.5
  • 21
    • 0033958626 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Isolation and characterization of vancomycin-tolerant Streptococcus pneumoniae from the cerebrospinal fluid of a patient who developed recrudescent meningitis
    • McCullers JA, English BK, Novak R. Isolation and characterization of vancomycin-tolerant Streptococcus pneumoniae from the cerebrospinal fluid of a patient who developed recrudescent meningitis. J Infect Dis. 2000; 181:369-373.
    • (2000) J Infect Dis. , vol.181 , pp. 369-373
    • McCullers, J.A.1    English, B.K.2    Novak, R.3
  • 22
    • 0012816946 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Initial microbiologie studies did not affect outcome in adults hospi-talized with community-acquired pneumonia
    • Sanyal S, Smith PR, Saha AC, Gupta S, Berkowitz L, Homel P. Initial microbiologie studies did not affect outcome in adults hospi-talized with community-acquired pneumonia. Am J Respir Cril CareMed. 1999;160:346-348.
    • (1999) Am J Respir Cril CareMed. , vol.160 , pp. 346-348
    • Sanyal, S.1    Smith, P.R.2    Saha, A.C.3    Gupta, S.4    Berkowitz, L.5    Homel, P.6
  • 24
    • 0031894382 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Community-acquired pneumonia in adults: Guidelines for management
    • Bartlett JG, Breiman RF, Mandell LA, File TM Jr, Infectious Diseases Society of America. Community-acquired pneumonia in adults: guidelines for management. Clin Infect Dis. 1998:26:811838.
    • (1998) Clin Infect Dis. , vol.26 , pp. 811838
    • Bartlett, J.G.1    Breiman, R.F.2    Mandell, L.A.3
  • 25
    • 0027359801 scopus 로고
    • Guidelines for the initial management of adults with communityacquired pneumonia: Diagnosis, assessment of severity, and initial antimicrobial therapy
    • American Thoracic Society, Medical Section of the American Lung Association.
    • Niederman MS, Bass JB Jr, Campbell CD,et al,American Thoracic Society, Medical Section of the American Lung Association. Guidelines for the initial management of adults with communityacquired pneumonia: diagnosis, assessment of severity, and initial antimicrobial therapy. Am Rev Respir Dis. 1993:148:1418-1426.
    • (1993) Am Rev Respir Dis. , vol.148 , pp. 1418-1426
    • Niederman, M.S.1    Campbell, C.D.2
  • 26
    • 0033606825 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Antimicrobial resistance among clinical isolates of Streptococcus pneumoniae in North America
    • Barry AL. Antimicrobial resistance among clinical isolates of Streptococcus pneumoniae in North America. Am J Med. 1999; 107 (1A):28S-33S.
    • (1999) Am J Med. , vol.107 , Issue.1 A
    • Barry, A.L.1
  • 27
    • 0033606817 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • New faces of an old pathogen: Emergence and spread of multidrug-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae
    • Tomasz A. New faces of an old pathogen: emergence and spread of multidrug-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae. Am J Med. 1999; 107(IA):55S-62S.
    • (1999) Am J Med. , vol.107 , Issue.IA
    • Tomasz, A.1
  • 28
    • 0033402097 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Penicillin-binding protein-mediated resistance in pneumococci and staphylococci
    • Chambers HF. Penicillin-binding protein-mediated resistance in pneumococci and staphylococci. J Infect Dis. 1999;179(suppl 2): S353-S359.
    • (1999) J Infect Dis. , vol.179 , Issue.SUPPL. 2
    • Chambers, H.F.1
  • 29
    • 0033385546 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Antimicrobial resistance with Streptococcus pneumoniae in the United States, 1997-98
    • Doern GV, Brueggemann AB, Huynh H, Wingert E. Antimicrobial resistance with Streptococcus pneumoniae in the United States, 1997-98. Emerg Infect Dis. 1999:5:757-765.
    • (1999) Emerg Infect Dis. , vol.5 , pp. 757-765
    • Doern, G.V.1    Brueggemann, A.B.2    Huynh, H.3    Wingert, E.4
  • 30
    • 0026702093 scopus 로고
    • Antimicrobial resistance in Streptococcus pneumoniae: An overview
    • Appelbaum PC. Antimicrobial resistance in Streptococcus pneumoniae: an overview. Clin Infect Dis. 1992:15:77-83.
    • (1992) Clin Infect Dis. , vol.15 , pp. 77-83
    • Appelbaum, P.C.1
  • 31
    • 2442731883 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Clonal relationships among high-level penicillin-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae in the United States
    • Doern GV, Brueggemann AB, Blocker M,et al. Clonal relationships among high-level penicillin-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae in the United States. Clin Infect Dis. 1998;27:757-761.
    • (1998) Clin Infect Dis. , vol.27 , pp. 757-761
    • Doern, G.V.1    Brueggemann, A.B.2    Blocker, M.3
  • 32
    • 0023277372 scopus 로고
    • Risk factors and response to antibiotic therapy in adults with bacteremic pneumonia caused by penicillin-resistant pneumococci
    • Pallares R, Gudiol F, Linares J,et al. Risk factors and response to antibiotic therapy in adults with bacteremic pneumonia caused by penicillin-resistant pneumococci. N Engl J Med. 1987;317:18-22.
    • (1987) N Engl J Med. , vol.317 , pp. 18-22
    • Pallares, R.1    Gudiol, F.2    Linares, J.3
  • 33
    • 0033606781 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pneumococcal disease in Sweden: Experiences and current situation
    • Ortqvist A. Pneumococcal disease in Sweden: experiences and current situation. Am J Med. 1999;107(1A):44S-49S.
    • (1999) Am J Med. , vol.107
    • Ortqvist, A.1
  • 34
    • 0033529442 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Geographic variation in penicillin resistance in Streptococcus pneumoniae-selected sites
    • United States, 1997.
    • Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Geographic variation in penicillin resistance in Streptococcus pneumoniae-selected sites. United States, 1997. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 1999; 48:656-661.
    • (1999) MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. , vol.48 , pp. 656-661
  • 35
    • 0025943707 scopus 로고
    • Antimicrobial resistance of Streptococcus pneumoniae in the United States, 1979-1987
    • Spika JS, Facklam RR, Plikaytis BD, Oxtoby MJ, Pneumococcal Surveillance Working Group. Antimicrobial resistance of Streptococcus pneumoniae in the United States, 1979-1987. J Infect Dis. 1991:163:1273-1278.
    • (1991) J Infect Dis. , vol.163 , pp. 1273-1278
    • Spika, J.S.1    Facklam, R.R.2    Plikaytis, B.D.3    Oxtoby, M.J.4    Group, P.S.W.5
  • 36
    • 0025130196 scopus 로고
    • Antimicrobial resistance among respiratory isolates of Haemophilus influenzae, Moraxella catarrhalis, and Streptococcus pneumoniae in the United States
    • Jorgensen JH, Doern GV, Mäher LA, Howell AW, Redding JS. Antimicrobial resistance among respiratory isolates of Haemophilus influenzae, Moraxella catarrhalis, and Streptococcus pneumoniae in the United States. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 1990; 34:2075-2080.
    • (1990) Antimicrob Agents Chemother. , vol.34 , pp. 2075-2080
    • Jorgensen, J.H.1    Doern, G.V.2    Mäher, L.A.3    Howell, A.W.4    Redding, J.S.5
  • 37
    • 84944656315 scopus 로고
    • Emergence of drug-resistant pneumococcal infections in the United States
    • Breiman RF, Butler JC, Tenover FC, Elliott JA, Facklam RR. Emergence of drug-resistant pneumococcal infections in the United States. JAMA. 1994;271:1831-1835.
    • (1994) JAMA. , vol.271 , pp. 1831-1835
    • Breiman, R.F.1    Butler, J.C.2    Tenover, F.C.3    Elliott, J.A.4    Facklam, R.R.5
  • 38
    • 0028106182 scopus 로고
    • In vitro activities of 12 orally administered antimicrobial agents against four species of bacterial respiratory pathogens from US medical centers in 1992 and 1993
    • Barry AL, Pfaller MA, Fuchs PC, Packer RR. In vitro activities of 12 orally administered antimicrobial agents against four species of bacterial respiratory pathogens from US medical centers in 1992 and 1993. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 1994;38:24192425.
    • (1994) Antimicrob Agents Chemother. , vol.38 , pp. 24192425
    • Barry, A.L.1    Pfaller, M.A.2    Fuchs, P.C.3    Packer, R.R.4
  • 39
    • 0029999550 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The continued emergence of drug-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae in the United States: An update from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's Pneumococcal Sentinel Surveillance System
    • Butler JC, Hofmann J, Cetron MS, Elliott JA, Facklam RR, Breiman RF. The continued emergence of drug-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae in the United States: an update from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's Pneumococcal Sentinel Surveillance System. J Infect Dis. 1996; 174:986-993.
    • (1996) J Infect Dis. , vol.174 , pp. 986-993
    • Butler, J.C.1    Hofmann, J.2    Cetron, M.S.3    Elliott, J.A.4    Facklam, R.R.5    Breiman, R.F.6
  • 40
    • 0030003732 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Antimicrobial resistance of Streptococcus pneumoniae recovered from outpatients in the United States during the winter months of 1994 to 1995: Results of a 30-center national surveillance study
    • Doern GV, Brueggemann A, Holley HP Jr, Rauch AM. Antimicrobial resistance of Streptococcus pneumoniae recovered from outpatients in the United States during the winter months of 1994 to 1995: results of a 30-center national surveillance study. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 1996:40:1208-1213.
    • (1996) Antimicrob Agents Chemother. , vol.40 , pp. 1208-1213
    • Doern, G.V.1    Brueggemann, A.2    Rauch, A.M.3
  • 41
    • 0032417797 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • In vitro activity of grepafloxacin and 25 other antimicrobial agents against Streptococcus pneumoniae: Correlation with penicillin resistance
    • Thornsberry C, Ogilvie PT, Holley HP Jr, Sahm DF. In vitro activity of grepafloxacin and 25 other antimicrobial agents against Streptococcus pneumoniae: correlation with penicillin resistance. ClinTher. 1998;20:1179-1190.
    • (1998) ClinTher. , vol.20 , pp. 1179-1190
    • Thornsberry, C.1    Ogilvie, P.T.2    Sahm, D.F.3
  • 42
    • 0032566032 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An outbreak of multidrug-resistant pneumococcal pneumonia and bacteremia among unvaccinated nursing home residents
    • Nuorti JP, Butler JC, Crutcher JM,et al. An outbreak of multidrug-resistant pneumococcal pneumonia and bacteremia among unvaccinated nursing home residents. N EngI J Med. 1998;338: 1861-1868.
    • (1998) N EngI J Med. , vol.338 , pp. 1861-1868
    • Nuorti, J.P.1    Butler, J.C.2    Crutcher, J.M.3
  • 44
    • 0032987906 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Risk factors and course of illness among children with invasive penicillin-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae
    • Streptococcus pneumoniae Working Group.
    • Deeks SL, Palacio R, Ruvinsky R,et al,Streptococcus pneumoniae Working Group. Risk factors and course of illness among children with invasive penicillin-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae. Pediatrics. 1999;103:409-413.
    • (1999) Pediatrics. , vol.103 , pp. 409-413
    • Deeks, S.L.1    Palacio, R.2    Ruvinsky, R.3
  • 45
    • 0030857698 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Resistance patterns of Streptococcus pneumoniae from carriers attending daycare centers in southwestern Greece
    • Syrogiannopoulos GA, Grivea IN, Beratis NG,et al. Resistance patterns of Streptococcus pneumoniae from carriers attending daycare centers in southwestern Greece. Clin Infect Dis. 1997;25:188-194.
    • (1997) Clin Infect Dis. , vol.25 , pp. 188-194
    • Syrogiannopoulos, G.A.1    Grivea, I.N.2    Beratis, N.G.3
  • 46
    • 0030046008 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Epidemiological features of and risk factors for infection by Streptococcus pneumoniae strains with diminished susceptibility to penicillin: Findings of a French survey
    • Bedos JP, Chevret S, Chastang C, Geslin P, Regnier B. Epidemiological features of and risk factors for infection by Streptococcus pneumoniae strains with diminished susceptibility to penicillin: findings of a French survey. Clin Infect Dis. 1996;22:63-72.
    • (1996) Clin Infect Dis. , vol.22 , pp. 63-72
    • Bedos, J.P.1    Chevret, S.2    Chastang, C.3    Geslin, P.4    Regnier, B.5
  • 47
    • 0028116573 scopus 로고
    • Predictive factors for invasive disease due to penicillin-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae: A population-based study
    • Nava JM, Bella F, Garau J,et al. Predictive factors for invasive disease due to penicillin-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae: a population-based study. Clin Infect Dis. 1994:19:884-890.
    • (1994) Clin Infect Dis. , vol.19 , pp. 884-890
    • Nava, J.M.1    Bella, F.2    Garau, J.3
  • 48
    • 0029155375 scopus 로고
    • Identification of multiple clones of extended-spectrum cephalosporin-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae isolates in the United States
    • McDougal LK, Rasheed JK, Biddle JW, Tenover FC. Identification of multiple clones of extended-spectrum cephalosporin-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae isolates in the United States. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 1995;39:2282-2288.
    • (1995) Antimicrob Agents Chemother. , vol.39 , pp. 2282-2288
    • McDougal, L.K.1    Rasheed, J.K.2    Biddle, J.W.3    Tenover, F.C.4
  • 50
    • 0031736801 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Management of infections due to antibiotic-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae
    • Kaplan SL, Mason EO Jr. Management of infections due to antibiotic-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae. Clin Microbiol Rev. 1998; 11:628-644.
    • (1998) Clin Microbiol Rev. , vol.11 , pp. 628-644
    • Kaplan, S.L.1    Mason Jr., E.O.2
  • 51
    • 0032710846 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Influence of increased macrolide consumption on macrolide resistance of common respiratory pathogens
    • Cizman M, Pokorn M, Seme K, Paragi M, Orazem A. Influence of increased macrolide consumption on macrolide resistance of common respiratory pathogens. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis. 1999; 18:522-524.
    • (1999) Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis. , vol.18 , pp. 522-524
    • Cizman, M.1    Pokorn, M.2    Seme, K.3    Paragi, M.4    Orazem, A.5
  • 52
    • 0029816741 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Increasing importance of antibiotic-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae in acute otitis media
    • Jacobs MR. Increasing importance of antibiotic-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae in acute otitis media. Pediatr Infect Dis J. 1996:15:940-943.
    • (1996) Pediatr Infect Dis J. , vol.15 , pp. 940-943
    • Jacobs, M.R.1
  • 53
    • 0031037357 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Variation in erythromycin and clindamycin susceptibilities of Streptococcus pneumoniae by four test methods
    • Fasola EL, Bajaksouzian S, Appelbaum PC, Jacobs MR. Variation in erythromycin and clindamycin susceptibilities of Streptococcus pneumoniae by four test methods. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 1997:41:129-134.
    • (1997) Antimicrob Agents Chemother. , vol.41 , pp. 129-134
    • Fasola, E.L.1    Bajaksouzian, S.2    Appelbaum, P.C.3    Jacobs, M.R.4
  • 54
    • 0033535089 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Doxycycline is a cost-effective therapy for hospitalized patients with community-acquired pneumonia
    • Ailani RK, Agastya G, Ailani RK, Mukunda BN, Shekar R. Doxycycline is a cost-effective therapy for hospitalized patients with community-acquired pneumonia. Arch Intern Med. 1999; 159: 266-270.
    • (1999) Arch Intern Med. , vol.159 , pp. 266-270
    • Ailani, R.K.1    Agastya, G.2    Ailani, R.K.3    Mukunda, B.N.4    Shekar, R.5
  • 55
    • 0032708146 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pharmacokinetics and phartnacodynamics of fluoroquinolones
    • Turnidge J. Pharmacokinetics and phartnacodynamics of fluoroquinolones. Drugs. 1999;58(suppl 2):29-36.
    • (1999) Drugs. , vol.58 , Issue.2 SUPPL. , pp. 29-36
    • Turnidge, J.1
  • 56
    • 0030152413 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Levofloxacin in vitro activity against bacteremic isolates of Streptococcus pneumoniae
    • Franklin County Pneumonia Study Group.
    • Plouffe JF, Franklin County Pneumonia Study Group. Levofloxacin in vitro activity against bacteremic isolates of Streptococcus pneumoniae. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis. 1996;25:43-45.
    • (1996) Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis. , vol.25 , pp. 43-45
    • Plouffe, J.F.1
  • 57
    • 0344177502 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Antimicrobial resistance of 1,113 Streptococcus pneumoniae isolates from patients with respiratory tract infections in Spain: Results of a 1-year (1996-1997) multicenter surveillance study
    • Baquero F, Garcia-Rodriguez JA, Garcia de Lomas J, Aguilar L, Spanish Surveillance Group for Respiratory Pathogens. Antimicrobial resistance of 1,113 Streptococcus pneumoniae isolates from patients with respiratory tract infections in Spain: results of a 1-year (1996-1997) multicenter surveillance study. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 1999:43:357-359.
    • (1999) Antimicrob Agents Chemother. , vol.43 , pp. 357-359
    • Baquero, F.1    Garcia-Rodriguez, J.A.2    De Garcia Lomas, J.3    Aguilar, L.4
  • 58
    • 0034089387 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Moxifloxacin, a new antibiotic designed to treat community-acquired respiratory tract infections: A review of microbiologie and pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic characteristics
    • Nightingale CH. Moxifloxacin, a new antibiotic designed to treat community-acquired respiratory tract infections: a review of microbiologie and pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic characteristics. Phannacotherapy. 2000;20:245-256.
    • (2000) Phannacotherapy. , vol.20 , pp. 245-256
    • Ch, N.1
  • 60
    • 0029792279 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Activity of trovafloxacin against blood isolates of Streptococcus pneumoniae in Sweden
    • Liljequist BO, Hoffman BM, Hedlund J. Activity of trovafloxacin against blood isolates of Streptococcus pneumoniae in Sweden. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis. 1996; 15:671 -675.
    • (1996) Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis. , vol.15 , pp. 671-675
    • Liljequist, B.O.1    Hoffman, B.M.2    Hedlund, J.3
  • 61
  • 62
    • 0030060343 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Bacteremia with Streptococcus pneumoniae: Implications for therapy and prevention
    • Plouffe JF, Breiman RF, Facklam RR, Franklin County Pneumonia Study Group. Bacteremia with Streptococcus pneumoniae: implications for therapy and prevention. JAMA. 1996;275:194-198.
    • (1996) JAMA. , vol.275 , pp. 194-198
    • Plouffe, J.F.1    Breiman, R.F.2    Facklam, R.R.3
  • 63
    • 0034702109 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Management of community-acquired pneumonia in the era of pneumococcal resistance: A report from the Drug-Resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae Therapeutic Working Group
    • Heffelfinger JD, Dowell SF, Jorgensen JH,et al. Management of community-acquired pneumonia in the era of pneumococcal resistance: a report from the Drug-Resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae Therapeutic Working Group. Arch Intern Med. 2000; 160:13991408.
    • (2000) Arch Intern Med. , vol.160 , pp. 13991408
    • Heffelfinger, J.D.1    Dowell, S.F.2    Jorgensen, J.H.3
  • 64
    • 0033022107 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pneumonia acquired in the community through drug-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae
    • Ewig S, Ruiz M, Torres A,et al. Pneumonia acquired in the community through drug-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 1999; 159:1835-1842.
    • (1999) Am J Respir Crit Care Med. , vol.159 , pp. 1835-1842
    • Ewig, S.1    Ruiz, M.2    Torres, A.3
  • 65
    • 0034085165 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Impact of penicillin susceptibility on medical outcomes for adult patients with bacteremic pneumococcal pneumonia
    • Metlay JP, Hofmann J, Cetron MS,et al. Impact of penicillin susceptibility on medical outcomes for adult patients with bacteremic pneumococcal pneumonia. Clin Infect Dis. 2000;30:520528.
    • (2000) Clin Infect Dis. , vol.30 , pp. 520528
    • Metlay, J.P.1    Hofmann, J.2    Cetron, M.S.3
  • 66
    • 0032934711 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Antibiotic resistance and therapeutic options in lower respiratory tract infections
    • Bouza E. Antibiotic resistance and therapeutic options in lower respiratory tract infections. Int JAntimicrob Agents. 1999;! l(suppl 1):S3-S6.
    • (1999) Int JAntimicrob Agents. , vol.50 , Issue.1 SUPPL.
    • Bouza, E.1
  • 68
    • 0032798768 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A randomized, crossover design study of the pharmacology of extendedspectrum fluoroquinolones for pneumococcal infections
    • Amsden GW, Graci DM, Cabelus LJ, Hejmanowski LG. A randomized, crossover design study of the pharmacology of extendedspectrum fluoroquinolones for pneumococcal infections. Chest. 1999:116:115-119.
    • (1999) Chest. , vol.116 , pp. 115-119
    • Amsden, G.W.1    Graci, D.M.2    Cabelus, L.J.3    Hejmanowski, L.G.4
  • 69
    • 0033542045 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Processes and outcomes of care for patients with community-acquired pneumonia: Results from the Pneumonia Patient Outcomes Research Team (PORT) cohort study
    • Fine MJ, Stone RA, Singer DE,et al. Processes and outcomes of care for patients with community-acquired pneumonia: results from the Pneumonia Patient Outcomes Research Team (PORT) cohort study. Arch Intern Med. 1999:159:970-980.
    • (1999) Arch Intern Med. , vol.159 , pp. 970-980
    • Fine, M.J.1    Stone, R.A.2    De Singer3
  • 70
    • 0031888217 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Variations in antimicrobial use and cost in more than 2,000 patients with community-acquired pneumonia
    • Gilbert K, Gleason PP, Singer DE,et al. Variations in antimicrobial use and cost in more than 2,000 patients with community-acquired pneumonia. Am JMed. 1998; 104:17-27.
    • (1998) Am JMed. , vol.104 , pp. 17-27
    • Gilbert, K.1    Gleason, P.P.2    De Singer3
  • 71
    • 0033596083 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Associations between initial antimicrobial therapy and medical outcomes for hospitalized elderly patients with pneumonia
    • Gleason PP, Meehan TP, Fine JM, Galusha DH, Fine MJ. Associations between initial antimicrobial therapy and medical outcomes for hospitalized elderly patients with pneumonia. Arch Intern Med. 1999:159:2562-2572.
    • (1999) Arch Intern Med. , vol.159 , pp. 2562-2572
    • Gleason, P.P.1    Meehan, T.P.2    Fine, J.M.3    Galusha, D.H.4    Fine, M.J.5
  • 72
    • 0029818247 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparative activities of clarithromycin, erythromycin, and azithromycin against penicillin-susceptible and penicillin-resistant pneumococci
    • Ednie LM, Visalli MA, Jacobs MR, Appelbaum PC. Comparative activities of clarithromycin, erythromycin, and azithromycin against penicillin-susceptible and penicillin-resistant pneumococci. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 1996:40:1950-1952.
    • (1996) Antimicrob Agents Chemother. , vol.40 , pp. 1950-1952
    • Ednie, L.M.1    Visalli, M.A.2    Jacobs, M.R.3    Appelbaum, P.C.4
  • 73
    • 0343852343 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A multicenter, randomized study comparing the efficacy and safety of intravenous and/or oral levofloxacin versus ceftriaxone and/or cefuroxime axetil in treatment of adults with community-acquired pneumonia
    • File TM Jr, Segreti J, Dunbar L,et al. A multicenter, randomized study comparing the efficacy and safety of intravenous and/or oral levofloxacin versus ceftriaxone and/or cefuroxime axetil in treatment of adults with community-acquired pneumonia. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 1997;41:1965-1972.
    • (1997) Antimicrob Agents Chemother. , vol.41 , pp. 1965-1972
    • File Jr., T.M.1    Segreti, J.2    Dunbar, L.3
  • 74
    • 0032031826 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Antimicrobial activity and spectrum investigation of eight broad-spectrum β-lactam drugs: A 1997 surveillance trial in 102 medical centers in the United States
    • Jones RN, Pfaller MA, Doern GV, Erwin ME, Hollis RJ, Cefepime Study Group. Antimicrobial activity and spectrum investigation of eight broad-spectrum β-lactam drugs: a 1997 surveillance trial in 102 medical centers in the United States. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis. 1998:30:215-228.
    • (1998) Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis. , vol.30 , pp. 215-228
    • Jones, R.N.1    Pfaller, M.A.2    Doern, G.V.3    Erwin, M.E.4    Hollis, R.J.5    Group, C.S.6
  • 75
    • 0034011731 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Linezolid
    • Clemett D, Markham A. Linezolid. Drugs. 2000;59:815-827.
    • (2000) Drugs. , vol.59 , pp. 815-827
    • Markham A, C.D.1


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.