Why is learning and memory dysfunction in Type 2 limited to older adults?

Diabetes/Metabolism Research and Reviews

Volumn 16, Issue 5, 2000, Pages 308-315

  Ryan, Christopher M ^a   Geckle, Michelle ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF PITTSBURGH   (United States)

Author keywords

Cognitive dysfunction; Memory; Type 2 diabetes

Indexed keywords

GLUCOSE; INSULIN;

AGING; AMNESIA; COGNITION; COMORBIDITY; GLUCOSE BLOOD LEVEL; GLUCOSE HOMEOSTASIS; HIPPOCAMPUS; HUMAN; INSULIN BLOOD LEVEL; LEARNING DISORDER; NON INSULIN DEPENDENT DIABETES MELLITUS; PATHOPHYSIOLOGY; PRIORITY JOURNAL; REVIEW;

ADULT; AGE FACTORS; AGED; BRAIN; DIABETES MELLITUS, TYPE 2; HUMANS; LEARNING DISORDERS; MEMORY DISORDERS; MIDDLE AGED;

EID: 0033759456     PISSN: 15207552     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1002/1520-7560(2000)9999:9999<::AID-DMRR141>3.0.CO;2-X     Document Type: Review

References (102)

1. Is Type 2 (noninsulin dependent) diabetes mellitus associated with an increased risk of cognitive dysfunction?
2. Relationship between hyperglycemia and cognitive function in older NIDDM patients
3. Decreased cognitive function in aging noninsulin-dependent diabetic patients
4. Cortical function in elderly noninsulin dependent diabetic patients. Behavioral and electrophysiologic studies
5. The mental efficiency of the elderly person with Type II diabetes mellitus
6. Cognitive function and metabolic state in elderly diabetic patients
7. Psychometric evaluation of performance in diabetes mellitus
8. Short-term and long-term memory in elderly patients with NIDDM
9. Effect of Type II diabetes mellitus on cognitive function
10. The relationship between morbidity and cognitive performance in a normal aging population
11. NIDDM and blood pressure as risk factors for poor cognitive performance
12. Cognitive function in an elderly population with persistent impaired glucose tolerance
13. Type 2 diabetes and cognitive function in a nondemented population
14. Essential hypertension and cognitive function: The role of hyperinsulinemia
15. The association between midlife blood pressure levels and late-life cognitive function: The Honolulu-Asia Aging Study
16. Insulin and cognitive function in an elderly population
17. Risk factors for cerebrovascular disease as correlates of cognitive function in a stroke-free cohort
18. Type II diabetes and cognitive function
19. Neuropsychological cognitive performance of patients with Type-2 diabetes
20. A longitudinal study of cognitive performance in noninsulin dependent (Type II) diabetic men
21. Circumscribed cognitive dysfunction in middle-aged adults with Type 2 diabetes
22. Cognitive function in younger type II diabetes
23. Effects of insulin-dependent diabetes on learning and memory efficiency in adults
24. Cumulative cognitive impairment following recurrent severe hypoglycaemia in adult patients with insulin-treated diabetes mellitus
25. Neuropsychological function in diabetic patients with neuropathy
26. Cognitive function, insulin-dependent diabetes and hypoglycaemia
27. Cognitive processes in insulin-dependent diabetes
28. Brain atrophy on computerized axial tomography scans: Interaction of age, diabetes, and general morbidity
29. Diabetes mellitus and brain atrophy: A computed tomography study in an elderly population
30. Long-term effects of hypoglycaemia on cognitive function and the brain in diabetes
31. Hypoglycaemia: Brain neurochemistry and neuropathology
32. Incidence and risk factors for serious hypoglycemia in older persons using insulin or sulfonylureas
33. Type 2 diabetes mellitus, cognitive impairment and dementia
34. How does diabetes mellitus produce brain dysfunction?
35. Regional cerebral blood flow decreases during chronic and acute hyperglycemia
36. Reduced regional cerebral blood flow in aged noninsulin-dependent diabetic patients with no history of cerebrovascular disease: Evaluation by N-isopropyl-1231-piodoamphetamine with single-photon emission computed tomography
37. Brain glucose metabolism in noninsulin-dependent diabetes mellitus: A study in Pima Indians using positron emission tomography during hyperinsulinemia with euglycemic glucose clamp
38. The impact of diabetes on the CNS
39. Down-regulation of blood-brain barrier glucose transporter in experimental diabetes
40. Blood-brain barrier choline transport is reduced in diabetic rats
41. The role of serotonergic-cholinergic interactions in the mediation of cognitive behaviour
42. Recent progress in advanced glycation end products and diabetic complications
43. Age-dependent accumulation of advanced glycosylation end products in human neurons
44. Advanced glycation end products contribute to amyloidosis in Alzheimer's disease
45. Aging, metabolism, and Alzheimer's disease: Review and hypotheses
46. Alzheimer's disease - Synergistic effects of glucose deficit, oxidative stress and advanced glycation end products
47. Risk of dementia among persons with diabetes mellitus: A population-based cohort study
48. Apolipoprotein-E genotyping of diabetic dementia patients: Is diabetes rare in Alzheimer's disease?
49. Diabetics do not have increased Alzheimer-type pathology compared with age-matched control subjects
50. Diabetes complications: Why is glucose potentially toxic?
51. Complications: Neuropathy, pathogenetic considerations
52. Psychomotor slowing is associated with distal symmetrical polyneuropathy in adults with diabetes mellitus
53. Evidence for diabetic encephalopathy
54. Brainstem auditory and visual evoked potentials in Type 1 (insulin-dependent) diabetic patients
55. Early detection of neurological involvement in IDDM and NIDDM: Multimodal evoked potentials versus metabolic control
56. Abnormal brainstem evoked potentials in diabetes mellitus: Evoked potential testings and magnetic resonance imaging
57. Cortical and cognitive development in 4th, 8th and 12th grade students: The contribution of speed of processing and executive functioning to cognitive development
58. Genetic mediation of the correlation between peripheral nerve conduction velocity and IQ
59. Intelligence and brain myelination: A hypothesis
60. Glucose intolerance, hyperinsulinaemia, and cognitive function in a general population of elderly men
61. Association between features of the insulin resistance syndrome and Alzheimer's disease independently of apolipoprotein E4 phenotype: Cross sectional population based study
62. Central nervous system effects of intranasally administered insulin during euglycemia in men
63. Insulin in the brain
64. Insulin receptors are widely distributed in human brain and bind human and porcine insulin with equal affinity
65. Insulin receptors and signal transduction proteins in the hypothalamo-hypophyseal system: A review on morphological findings and functional implications
66. Brain insulin and insulin receptors in aging and sporadic Alzheimer's disease
67. Insulin in the brain: A hormonal regulator of energy balance
68. Insulin and the central regulation of energy balance: Update 1994
69. Intracerebroventricular administration of streptozotocin causes long-term diminutions in learning and memory abilities and in cerebral energy metabolism in adult rats
70. Neuroanatomy of memory
71. Medial temporal lobe atrophy in an open population of very old persons: Cognitive, brain atrophy, and sociomedical correlates
72. Ischemic brain damage and memory impairment: A commentary
73. Medial temporal lobe atrophy in memory disorders
74. Age-related reductions in human recognition memory due to impaired encoding
75. A quantitative MR study of the hippocampal formation, the amygdala and the temporal horn of the lateral ventricle in healthy subjects 40 to 90 years of age
76. Life and death of neurons in the aging brain
77. Circuit-specific alterations of N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor subunit 1 in the dentate gyrus of aged monkeys
78. Hippocampal atrophy in normal aging: An association with recent memory impairment
79. Hippocampal formation size predicts declining memory performance in normal aging
80. Medial temporal lobe atrophy and memory dysfunction as predictors for dementia in subjects with mild cognitive impairment
81. Aging-associated changes in human brain
82. Magnetic resonance imaging correlates of memory impairment in the healthy elderly: Association with medial temporal lobe atrophy but not white matter lesions
83. Interactive effects of age and hypertension on volumes of brain structures
84. Accumulation of advanced glycation end products of the Maillard reaction with age in human hippocampal neurons
85. Is hyperglycaemia an independent predictor of poor outcome after acute stroke? Results of a long term follow up study
86. Brain reserve capacity on symptom onset after brain injury: A formulation and review of evidence for threshold theory
87. Observations on the brains of demented old people
88. The association of clinical and neurological findings and its bearing on the classification and aetiology of Alzheimer's disease
89. Head trauma as a risk factor for Alzheimer's disease: A collaborative re-analysis of case-control studies
90. Severe head injury hastens age of onset of Alzheimer's disease
91. Brain reserve and the clinical expression of Alzheimer's disease
92. The effects of intelligence and education on the development of dementia: A test of the brain reserve hypothesis
93. Influence of cognitive reserve on neuropsychological functioning in asymptomatic human immunodeficiency virus-1 infection
94. Premorbid brain size as a determinant of reserve capacity against intellectual decline in Alzheimer's disease
95. The advantage of being broad-minded: Brain diameter and neuropsychological test performance in elderly war veterans
96. MRI white matter hyperintensities: Three-year follow-up of the Austrian Stroke Prevention Study
97. Small chronic hemorrhages and ischemic lesions in association with spontaneous intracerebral hematomas
98. A controlled study of cortical gray matter and ventricular changes in alcoholic men over a 5-year interval
99. Women, myocardial infarction, and dementia in the very old
100. Hippocampal volume reduction in major depression
101. The role of APOE ε4 in modulating effects of other risk factors for cognitive decline in elderly persons