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Ph.D dissertation University of Pennsylvania
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Taken in part from the Ph.D dissertation of J. J.-W. Duan, University of Pennsylvania, 1992.
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Duan, J.J.-W.1
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13044292313
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note
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MM2 calculations of the spiroketal shown below revealed that the desired C(19) S isomer was 6 00 kcal/mol lower in strain energy than the corresponding C(19) R isomer. (Formula Presented)
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51
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note
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N2′ displacement by the n-butyl group begins to occur at 0 °C or above. For example, when 24d was treated with n-BuLi/TMEDA/THF for 10 min at -20 °C and then at 1 h at 0 °C, the SN2′ product was isolated in 24% yield as well as recovered starting material with no deuterium incorporation.
-
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68
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0031018562
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During our successful rapamycin and FK506 syntheses, the dithianes i and ii, each containing nonterminal allylic ethers, were successfully metalated (f-BuLi, HMPA/THF, -78 °C). (a) Smith, A. B., III; Condon, S. M.; McCauley, J. A.; Leazer, J. L., Jr.; Leahy, J. W.; Maleczka, R. E., Jr. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1997, 119, 947. (b) Smith, A. B., III; Chen, K.; Robinson, D. J.; Laakso, L. M.; Hale, K. J. Tetrahedron Lett. 1994, 55, 4271. (Formula Presented)
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69
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0028338336
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During our successful rapamycin and FK506 syntheses, the dithianes i and ii, each containing nonterminal allylic ethers, were successfully metalated (f-BuLi, HMPA/THF, -78 °C). (a) Smith, A. B., III; Condon, S. M.; McCauley, J. A.; Leazer, J. L., Jr.; Leahy, J. W.; Maleczka, R. E., Jr. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1997, 119, 947. (b) Smith, A. B., III; Chen, K.; Robinson, D. J.; Laakso, L. M.; Hale, K. J. Tetrahedron Lett. 1994, 55, 4271. (Formula Presented)
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Dithianes bearing acetonides, tert-butyldimethylsilyl ethers, tetrahydropyranyl ethers, and methoxymethyl ethers have been successfully metalated. (a) Toshima, H.; Suzuki, T.; Nishiyama, S.; Yamamura, S. Tetrahedron Lett. 1989, 30, 6725. (b) Khandekar, G.; Robinson, G. C.; Stacey, N. A.; Steel, P. G.; Thomas, E. J.; Vather, S. J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun. 1987, 877. (c) Mori, Y.; Suzuki, M. Tetrahedron Lett. 1989, 30, 4383. (d) Jones, A. B.; Villalobos, A.; Linde, R. G., II; Danishefsky, S. J. J. Org. Chem. 1990, 55, 2786.
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The selectivity can be rationalized via the chelation-controlled model illustrated below. (Formula Presented)
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13044290318
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note
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The fact that the major products in all three cases [(+)-46a, (+)-46b and (+)-46c] possess the same epoxide configuration was confirmed by chemical conversion of (+)-46c to (+)-46b and (+)-46b to (+)-46a with tetrabutylammonium fluoride.
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3, MeOH; 86%). The configurations of the oxidation products were correlated with the known epoxide 46b or the tetraol. The latter structures were determined via X-ray crystallographic analyses.
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The epoxides described in Table 1 were chemically correlated with (+)-C or (+)-46a, thereby confirming the structural assignments.
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99
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13044258717
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Ph.D. Thesis, University of Pennsylvania
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We also explored an alternative which would (a) address the C(15) stereochemistry by chelation-controlled addition of acetylene i to aldehyde ii and (b) further elucidate the scope of the IBr-induced iodocarbonate cyclization, in this context to be used to install and define the C(13) oxygen stereogenicity after reductive removal of the iodide. We successfully achieved the former objective via reaction of aldehyde ii with the acetylenic Grignard reagent derived from i to afford adduct iii (α/β = 15:1), presumably through magnesium chelation. Unfortunately, the iodocarbonate cyclization could not be realized; under a variety of conditions, no reaction or decomposition occurred. We speculate that steric hindrance at the olefin of carbonates iv and a related C(9) acetate precludes the reaction under mild conditions; the lability of the spiroketal functionality and protecting groups towards iodine monobromide prevented more forcing conditions. For complete details and for preparation of i and ii, see: Duan, J. J.-W. Ph.D. Thesis, University of Pennsylvania, 1992. (Formula Presented)
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Duan, J.J.-W.1
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2) and p-methoxybenzyl chloride (KHMDS, THF), respectively. The former reagent was obtained by known methods. (a) Corey, E. J.; Bock, M. G. Tetrahedron Lett. 1975, 3269. (b) Benneche, T.; Strande, P.; Undheim, K. Synthesis 1983, 762.
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84987476400
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2) and p-methoxybenzyl chloride (KHMDS, THF), respectively. The former reagent was obtained by known methods. (a) Corey, E. J.; Bock, M. G. Tetrahedron Lett. 1975, 3269. (b) Benneche, T.; Strande, P.; Undheim, K. Synthesis 1983, 762.
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13044317754
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note
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Coupling experiments with the TBS-piotected analogue of 57 were likewise unsuccessful.
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106
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0024518004
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1H NMR signals associated with a monosubstituted alkene was isolated in low yield (<10%); this material evidently formed by elimination of the benzyloxy group from C(25). For a similar side reaction in our penitrem synthetic studies, see: Smith, A. B., III; Haseltine, J. N.; Visnick, M. Tetrahedron 1989, 45, 2431.
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(a) For an application to synthesis of pseudomonic acid C, see: Balog, A.; Yu, M. S.; Curran, D. P.; Yu, G.; Carcanague, D. R.; Shue, Y.-K. Synth. Commun. 1996, 26, 935. (b) For an application to synthesis of swinholides, see: Paterson, I.; Cumming, J. G.; Smith, J. D.; Ward, R. A.; Yeung, K.-S. Tetrahedron Lett. 1994, 35, 3405, (c) For other recent synthetic applications, see: Pellissier, H.; Michellys, P.-Y.; Santelli, M. Tetrahedron Lett. 1994, 35, 6481; Money, T.; Wong, M. K. C. Tetrahedron 1996, 52, 6307.
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13044266091
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1H NMR properties consistent with hemiketal i. ( Formula Presented)
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123
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13044316957
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2 leads to chlorinated byproducts, see ref 66.
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128
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0000091929
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Acetonide migration product (+)-76 and the product of desilylation of triol (+)-75 (isolated from larger scale deprotection experiments) could each be readily redirected to the synthetic sequence.
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