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note
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The equally low levels of quenching observed with deoxyinosine triphosphate, deoxyadenosine triphosphate, deoxycytidine triphosphate, and deoxythymidine triphosphate were not sensitive to the redox potentials of these bases (17), and therefore do not appear to be the result of ET.
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q values would be expected as a result of higher electrostatic repulsions with the nucleotide triphosphate quenchers and an increase in the reduction potential of the alkylated base.
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-) as +1.5 and +1.4 V versus NHE, respectively.
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2 is essentially identical, and (ii) I-dependent reactions were not occurring.
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37
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0344284859
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note
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ε and G. However, the integration of the decay curves for the G-containing and I-containing duplexes provides a measure of dynamic quenching that is independent of any data-fitting routine. These quenching yields are identical to those observed in steady-state measurements, allowing the calculation of β. An analysis of the fluorescence decay data is available www. sciencemag.org/feature/data/984892.shl as supplementary material.
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note
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2-T pairs were essentially indistinguishable from A-T pairs.
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41
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note
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2-G reaction because of the significant amount of static quenching, and therefore, the dependence of these quenching yields on distance does not solely reflect β. An analysis of the fluorescence decay data is available www.sciencemag.org/ feature/data/984892.shl as supplementary material.
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2 do not participate in efficient ET when incorporated within a mispair and therefore do not interact strongly.
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ε (which is not H bonded when incorporated across from T) shows only very small amounts of interstrand quenching with G (< 10%) 5.0 Å away.
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2/G reaction, as expected for the higher driving force reaction.
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2-Z reaction results from energetic effects.
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note
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3], appropriate amounts of complementary materials were combined at 1:1 stoichiometry and dissolved in 100 mM sodium phosphate (pH 7) to give a final duplex concentration of 100 M. The resulting solutions were heated to 90°C and slowly cooled to ambient temperature over 2 to 3 hours to anneal the duplex. The ultraviolet-visible spectra of the duplex samples were carefully measured to ensure that the absorbance at the excitation wavelength was identical for every sample. Thermal denaturation experiments were performed on a HP8452A diode array spectrophotometer with samples at a duplex concentration of 25 μM in 100 mM phosphate (pH 7). Absorbance was monitored every 2°C with 3-min equilibration times. All duplexes used in these experiments exhibited cooperative thermal denaturation profiles with melting temperatures >25°C with 25 μM duplex and therefore were fully hybridized under the conditions of all fluorescence experiments (100 μM, 20°C).
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note
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ε. Two data sets were obtained for each sample, one containing >10,000 counts for the determination of decay lifetimes, and another taken over a 120-s time interval to quantitate static quenching. Experiments were otherwise performed under the same conditions as steady-state experiments (100 μM duplex, 100 mM sodium phosphate, pH 7).
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60
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note
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We thank E. Stemp for assistance with transient absorption experiments, R. Villahermosa for assistance with single-photon counting measurements, and T. Fiebig for discussions and assistance with molecular modeling. In addition, we acknowledge the NIH (grant GM49216 to J.K.B., predoctoral traineeship to S.O.K.) for financial support.
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