메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 30, Issue , 1999, Pages 301-326

Analysis of selection on enzyme polymorphisms

Author keywords

Allozymes; Amino acid polymorphism; Drosophila; Metabolism; Molecular evolution

Indexed keywords


EID: 0033369552     PISSN: 00664162     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1146/annurev.ecolsys.30.1.301     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (194)

References (165)
  • 1
    • 0028220048 scopus 로고
    • Synonymous codon usage in Drosophila melanogaster - Natural selection and translational accuracy
    • Akashi H. 1994. Synonymous codon usage in Drosophila melanogaster - natural selection and translational accuracy. Genetics 136:927-35
    • (1994) Genetics , vol.136 , pp. 927-935
    • Akashi, H.1
  • 2
    • 0028797897 scopus 로고
    • Inferring weak selection from patterns of polymorphism and divergence at "silent" sites in Drosophila DNA
    • Akashi H. 1995. Inferring weak selection from patterns of polymorphism and divergence at "silent" sites in Drosophila DNA. Genetics 139:1067-76
    • (1995) Genetics , vol.139 , pp. 1067-1076
    • Akashi, H.1
  • 3
    • 0029985179 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Molecular evolution between Drosophila melanogaster and D. simulans: Reduced codon bias, faster rates of amino acid substitution, and larger proteins in D. melanogaster
    • Akashi H. 1996. Molecular evolution between Drosophila melanogaster and D. simulans: reduced codon bias, faster rates of amino acid substitution, and larger proteins in D. melanogaster. Genetics 144:1297-1307
    • (1996) Genetics , vol.144 , pp. 1297-1307
    • Akashi, H.1
  • 4
    • 0000061972 scopus 로고
    • Frequencies of null alleles at enzyme loci in natural populations of ponderosa and red pine
    • Allendorf FW, Knudsen KL, Blake GM. 1982. Frequencies of null alleles at enzyme loci in natural populations of ponderosa and red pine. Genetics 100:497-504
    • (1982) Genetics , vol.100 , pp. 497-504
    • Allendorf, F.W.1    Knudsen, K.L.2    Blake, G.M.3
  • 5
    • 0026697697 scopus 로고
    • Patterns of naturally occurring restriction map variation, dopa decarboxylase activity variation and linkage disequilibrium in the DdC gene region of Drosophila melanogaster
    • Aquadro CF. Jennings RM, Bland MM, Laune CC, Langley CH. 1992. Patterns of naturally occurring restriction map variation, dopa decarboxylase activity variation and linkage disequilibrium in the DdC gene region of Drosophila melanogaster. Genetics 132:443-52
    • (1992) Genetics , vol.132 , pp. 443-452
    • Aquadro, C.F.1    Jennings, R.M.2    Bland, M.M.3    Laune, C.C.4    Langley, C.H.5
  • 6
    • 0024058618 scopus 로고
    • The rosy region of Drosophila melanogaster and Drosophila simulans. I. Contrasting levels of naturally occurring DNA restriction map variation and divergence
    • Aquadro CF, Lado KM, Noon WA. 1988. The rosy region of Drosophila melanogaster and Drosophila simulans. I. Contrasting levels of naturally occurring DNA restriction map variation and divergence. Genetics 119:875-88
    • (1988) Genetics , vol.119 , pp. 875-888
    • Aquadro, C.F.1    Lado, K.M.2    Noon, W.A.3
  • 7
    • 0028046414 scopus 로고
    • Unraveling selection in the mitochondrial genome of Drosophila
    • Ballard JWO, Kreitman M. 1994. Unraveling selection in the mitochondrial genome of Drosophila. Genetics 138:757-72
    • (1994) Genetics , vol.138 , pp. 757-772
    • Ballard, J.W.O.1    Kreitman, M.2
  • 8
    • 0030076730 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • What does electrophoretic variation tell us about protein variation?
    • Barbadilla A, King LM, Lewontin RC. 1996. What does electrophoretic variation tell us about protein variation? Mol. Biol. Evol. 13:427-32
    • (1996) Mol. Biol. Evol. , vol.13 , pp. 427-432
    • Barbadilla, A.1    King, L.M.2    Lewontin, R.C.3
  • 9
    • 0022669488 scopus 로고
    • Genetic variability of flight metabolism in Drosophila melanogaster. III. Effects of GPDH allozymes and environmental temperature on power output
    • Barnes PT, Laurie-Ahlberg C. 1986. Genetic variability of flight metabolism in Drosophila melanogaster. III. Effects of GPDH allozymes and environmental temperature on power output. Genetics 112: 267-98
    • (1986) Genetics , vol.112 , pp. 267-298
    • Barnes, P.T.1    Laurie-Ahlberg, C.2
  • 10
    • 0028012485 scopus 로고
    • Evolutionary inferences from DNA variation at the 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase locus in natural populations of Drosophila-selection and geographic differentiation
    • Begun DJ, Aquadro CF. 1994. Evolutionary inferences from DNA variation at the 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase locus in natural populations of Drosophila-selection and geographic differentiation. Genetics 136:155-71
    • (1994) Genetics , vol.136 , pp. 155-171
    • Begun, D.J.1    Aquadro, C.F.2
  • 11
    • 0007195488 scopus 로고
    • Heterosis and the maintenance of enzyme polymorphism
    • Berger E. 1976. Heterosis and the maintenance of enzyme polymorphism. Am. Nat. 110:823-39
    • (1976) Am. Nat. , vol.110 , pp. 823-839
    • Berger, E.1
  • 12
    • 0027436508 scopus 로고
    • Concordant mitochondrial and nuclear DNA phylogenies for populations of the teleost fish Fundulus heteroclitus
    • Bernardi G, Sordino P, Powers DA. 1993. Concordant mitochondrial and nuclear DNA phylogenies for populations of the teleost fish Fundulus heteroclitus. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 90:9271-74
    • (1993) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA , vol.90 , pp. 9271-9274
    • Bernardi, G.1    Sordino, P.2    Powers, D.A.3
  • 13
    • 0027221528 scopus 로고
    • Molecular analysis of an allozyme cline: Alcohol dehydrogenase in Drosophila melanogaster on the east coast of North America
    • Berry A, Kreitman M. 1993. Molecular analysis of an allozyme cline: alcohol dehydrogenase in Drosophila melanogaster on the east coast of North America. Genetics 134:869-93
    • (1993) Genetics , vol.134 , pp. 869-893
    • Berry, A.1    Kreitman, M.2
  • 14
    • 0027940492 scopus 로고
    • G6PD deficiency
    • Beutler E. 1994. G6PD deficiency. Blood 84:3613-36
    • (1994) Blood , vol.84 , pp. 3613-3636
    • Beutler, E.1
  • 15
    • 0018601051 scopus 로고
    • Polymorphism at the G6PD and 6PGD loci in Drosophila melanogaster. III. Developmental and biochemical aspects
    • Bijlsma R, van der Meulen-Bruijns C. 1979. Polymorphism at the G6PD and 6PGD loci in Drosophila melanogaster. III. Developmental and biochemical aspects. Biochem. Genet. 17:1131-44
    • (1979) Biochem. Genet. , vol.17 , pp. 1131-1144
    • Bijlsma, R.1    Van Der Meulen-Bruijns, C.2
  • 17
    • 0021214478 scopus 로고
    • Characterization of allozyme null and low activity alleles from two natural populations of Drosophila melanogaster
    • Burkhart BD, Montgomery E, Langley CH, Voelker RA. 1984. Characterization of allozyme null and low activity alleles from two natural populations of Drosophila melanogaster. Genetics 107:295-306
    • (1984) Genetics , vol.107 , pp. 295-306
    • Burkhart, B.D.1    Montgomery, E.2    Langley, C.H.3    Voelker, R.A.4
  • 18
    • 0020625130 scopus 로고
    • Physiological effects of an allozyme polymorphism: Glutamate-pyruvate transaminase and response to hyperosmotic stress in the copepod Tigriopus californicus
    • Burton RS, Feldman MW. 1983. Physiological effects of an allozyme polymorphism: glutamate-pyruvate transaminase and response to hyperosmotic stress in the copepod Tigriopus californicus. Biochem. Genet. 21:239-51
    • (1983) Biochem. Genet. , vol.21 , pp. 239-251
    • Burton, R.S.1    Feldman, M.W.2
  • 19
    • 0022814533 scopus 로고
    • Evolution of selective neutrality: Further considerations
    • Burton RS, Place AR. 1986. Evolution of selective neutrality: further considerations. Genetics 114:1033-36
    • (1986) Genetics , vol.114 , pp. 1033-1036
    • Burton, R.S.1    Place, A.R.2
  • 20
    • 0024058450 scopus 로고
    • Adaptation at specific loci. V. Metabolically adjacent loci may have very distinct experiences of selective pressures
    • Carter PA, Watt WB. 1988. Adaptation at specific loci. V. Metabolically adjacent loci may have very distinct experiences of selective pressures. Genetics 119:913-24
    • (1988) Genetics , vol.119 , pp. 913-924
    • Carter, P.A.1    Watt, W.B.2
  • 21
    • 0019585914 scopus 로고
    • Evidence for biochemical and physiological differences between genotypes in Drosophila melanogaster
    • Cavener DR, Clegg MT. 1981. Evidence for biochemical and physiological differences between genotypes in Drosophila melanogaster. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 78:4444-47
    • (1981) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA , vol.78 , pp. 4444-4447
    • Cavener, D.R.1    Clegg, M.T.2
  • 22
    • 0008012671 scopus 로고
    • Multigenic response to ethanol in Drosophila melanogaster
    • Cavener DR, Clegg MT. 1981. Multigenic response to ethanol in Drosophila melanogaster. Evolution 35:1-10
    • (1981) Evolution , vol.35 , pp. 1-10
    • Cavener, D.R.1    Clegg, M.T.2
  • 23
    • 0000267796 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Adaptation to fermenting resources in Drosophila melanogaster. ethanol and acetic acid tolerances share a common genetic basis
    • Chakir M, Capy P, Genermont J, Pla E, David JR. 1996. Adaptation to fermenting resources in Drosophila melanogaster. ethanol and acetic acid tolerances share a common genetic basis. Evolution 50:767-76
    • (1996) Evolution , vol.50 , pp. 767-776
    • Chakir, M.1    Capy, P.2    Genermont, J.3    Pla, E.4    David, J.R.5
  • 24
    • 77957790010 scopus 로고
    • The Drosophila alcohol dehydrogenase gene-enzyme system
    • Chambers GK. 1988. The Drosophila alcohol dehydrogenase gene-enzyme system. Adv. Genet. 25:39-107
    • (1988) Adv. Genet. , vol.25 , pp. 39-107
    • Chambers, G.K.1
  • 25
    • 0025949335 scopus 로고
    • Use of in vitro mutagensis to analyze the molecular basis of the difference in Adh expression associated with the allozyme polymorphism in Drosophila melanogaster
    • Choudhary M, Laurie CC. 1991. Use of in vitro mutagensis to analyze the molecular basis of the difference in Adh expression associated with the allozyme polymorphism in Drosophila melanogaster. Genetics 129:481-88
    • (1991) Genetics , vol.129 , pp. 481-488
    • Choudhary, M.1    Laurie, C.C.2
  • 26
    • 0016738957 scopus 로고
    • The contribution of ecological genetics to evolutionary theory; detecting the direct effects of natural selection on particular polymorphic loci
    • Clark B. 1975. The contribution of ecological genetics to evolutionary theory; detecting the direct effects of natural selection on particular polymorphic loci. Genetics 79:101-13
    • (1975) Genetics , vol.79 , pp. 101-113
    • Clark, B.1
  • 27
    • 0022495329 scopus 로고
    • Relationship between a-glycerophosphate dehydrogenase activity and metabolic rate during flight in Drosophila melanogaster. Biochem
    • Connors EM, Curtsinger JW. 1986. Relationship between a-glycerophosphate dehydrogenase activity and metabolic rate during flight in Drosophila melanogaster. Biochem. Genet. 24:245-57
    • (1986) Genet. , vol.24 , pp. 245-257
    • Connors, E.M.1    Curtsinger, J.W.2
  • 28
    • 0024616907 scopus 로고
    • Amino acid polymorphisms for esterase-6 in Drosophila melanogaster
    • Cooke PH, Oakeshott JG. 1989. Amino acid polymorphisms for esterase-6 in Drosophila melanogaster. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 86:1426-30
    • (1989) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA , vol.86 , pp. 1426-1430
    • Cooke, P.H.1    Oakeshott, J.G.2
  • 29
    • 0001472052 scopus 로고
    • Electrophoretic heterogeneity of α-glycerophosphate dehydrogenase among many species of Drosophila
    • Coyne JA, Eanes WF, Ramshaw JA, Koehn RK. 1982. Electrophoretic heterogeneity of α-glycerophosphate dehydrogenase among many species of Drosophila. Syst. Zool. 28:164-75
    • (1982) Syst. Zool. , vol.28 , pp. 164-175
    • Coyne, J.A.1    Eanes, W.F.2    Ramshaw, J.A.3    Koehn, R.K.4
  • 30
    • 0024389204 scopus 로고
    • Molecular basis of evolutionary adaptation at the lactate dehydrogenase locus in the fish Fundulus heteroclitus
    • Crawford DL, Powers DA. 1989. Molecular basis of evolutionary adaptation at the lactate dehydrogenase locus in the fish Fundulus heteroclitus. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 86:9365-69
    • (1989) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA , vol.86 , pp. 9365-9369
    • Crawford, D.L.1    Powers, D.A.2
  • 31
    • 0027135040 scopus 로고
    • Kinetic and structural adaptations of cytosolic malate dehydrogenases of eastern Pacific abalones (genus Haliotis) from different thermal habitats; biochemical correlates of geographic patterning
    • Dahlhoff EP, Somero GN. 1993. Kinetic and structural adaptations of cytosolic malate dehydrogenases of eastern Pacific abalones (genus Haliotis) from different thermal habitats; biochemical correlates of geographic patterning. J. Exp. Biol. 185:137-50
    • (1993) J. Exp. Biol. , vol.185 , pp. 137-150
    • Dahlhoff, E.P.1    Somero, G.N.2
  • 32
    • 0016710394 scopus 로고
    • Similarities and differences in latitudinal adaptation of two Drosophila sibling species
    • David JR, Bocquet C. 1975. Similarities and differences in latitudinal adaptation of two Drosophila sibling species. Nature 257:588-90
    • (1975) Nature , vol.257 , pp. 588-590
    • David, J.R.1    Bocquet, C.2
  • 33
    • 0028220634 scopus 로고
    • Fitness, flux and phantoms in temporally variable environments
    • Dean AM. 1994. Fitness, flux and phantoms in temporally variable environments. Genetics 136:1481-95
    • (1994) Genetics , vol.136 , pp. 1481-1495
    • Dean, A.M.1
  • 34
    • 0022500302 scopus 로고
    • Fitness as a function of β-galatosidase activity in Escherichia coli
    • Dean AM, Dykhuizen DE, Hartl DL. 1986. Fitness as a function of β-galatosidase activity in Escherichia coli. Genet. Res. 48:1-8
    • (1986) Genet. Res. , vol.48 , pp. 1-8
    • Dean, A.M.1    Dykhuizen, D.E.2    Hartl, D.L.3
  • 35
    • 0029559462 scopus 로고
    • Coalescents and genealogical structure under neutrality
    • Donnelly P, Tavare S. 1995. Coalescents and genealogical structure under neutrality. Annu. Rev. Genet. 29:401-21
    • (1995) Annu. Rev. Genet. , vol.29 , pp. 401-421
    • Donnelly, P.1    Tavare, S.2
  • 36
    • 0025639253 scopus 로고
    • Enzyme activity and fitness: Evolution in solution
    • Dykhuizen DE, Dean AM. 1990. Enzyme activity and fitness: evolution in solution. Trends Ecol. Evol. 5:257-62
    • (1990) Trends Ecol. Evol. , vol.5 , pp. 257-262
    • Dykhuizen, D.E.1    Dean, A.M.2
  • 37
    • 0019255001 scopus 로고
    • Selective neutrality of 6PGD allozymes in E. coil and the effects of genetic background
    • Dykhuizen DE, Hartl DL. 1980. Selective neutrality of 6PGD allozymes in E. coil and the effects of genetic background. Genetics 96:801-17
    • (1980) Genetics , vol.96 , pp. 801-817
    • Dykhuizen, D.E.1    Hartl, D.L.2
  • 38
    • 0020825854 scopus 로고
    • Functional effects of PGI allozymes in E. coli
    • Dykhuizen DE, Hartl DL. 1983. Functional effects of PGI allozymes in E. coli. Genetics 105:1-18
    • (1983) Genetics , vol.105 , pp. 1-18
    • Dykhuizen, D.E.1    Hartl, D.L.2
  • 39
    • 0020807379 scopus 로고
    • Genetic localization and sequential electrophoresis of G6pd in Drosophila melanogaster
    • Eanes WF. 1983. Genetic localization and sequential electrophoresis of G6pd in Drosophila melanogaster. Biochem. Genet. 21:703-11
    • (1983) Biochem. Genet. , vol.21 , pp. 703-711
    • Eanes, W.F.1
  • 40
    • 0021341536 scopus 로고
    • Viability interactions, in vivo activity and the G6PD polymorphism in Drosophila melanogaster
    • Eanes WF. 1984. Viability interactions, in vivo activity and the G6PD polymorphism in Drosophila melanogaster. Genetics 106:95-107
    • (1984) Genetics , vol.106 , pp. 95-107
    • Eanes, W.F.1
  • 41
    • 0023467108 scopus 로고
    • Allozymes and fitness: Evolution of a problem
    • Eanes WF. 1987. Allozymes and fitness: evolution of a problem. Trends Ecol. Evol. 2:44-48
    • (1987) Trends Ecol. Evol. , vol.2 , pp. 44-48
    • Eanes, W.F.1
  • 42
    • 0024696758 scopus 로고
    • Restriction map variation associated with the G6PD polymorphism in Drosophila melanogaster
    • Eanes WF, Ajioka JW, Hey J, Wesley C. 1989. Restriction map variation associated with the G6PD polymorphism in Drosophila melanogaster. Mol. Biol. Evol. 6:384-97
    • (1989) Mol. Biol. Evol. , vol.6 , pp. 384-397
    • Eanes, W.F.1    Ajioka, J.W.2    Hey, J.3    Wesley, C.4
  • 43
    • 0003352540 scopus 로고
    • In vivo function of rare G6pd variants from natural populations of Drosophila melanogaster
    • Eanes WF, Hey J. 1986. In vivo function of rare G6pd variants from natural populations of Drosophila melanogaster. Genetics 113:679-93
    • (1986) Genetics , vol.113 , pp. 679-693
    • Eanes, W.F.1    Hey, J.2
  • 44
    • 0025310949 scopus 로고
    • Comparison of in vitro and in vivo activities associated with the G6PD allozyme polymorphism in Drosophila melanogaster
    • Eanes WF, Katona L, Longtine M. 1990. Comparison of in vitro and in vivo activities associated with the G6PD allozyme polymorphism in Drosophila melanogaster. Genetics 125:845-53
    • (1990) Genetics , vol.125 , pp. 845-853
    • Eanes, W.F.1    Katona, L.2    Longtine, M.3
  • 45
    • 0029921551 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Amino acid polymorphism and rare variants of G6PD from natural populations of Drosophila melanogaster
    • Eanes WF, Kirchner M, Taub DR, Yoon J, Chen J. 1996. Amino acid polymorphism and rare variants of G6PD from natural populations of Drosophila melanogaster. Genetics 143:401-6
    • (1996) Genetics , vol.143 , pp. 401-406
    • Eanes, W.F.1    Kirchner, M.2    Taub, D.R.3    Yoon, J.4    Chen, J.5
  • 46
    • 0027304241 scopus 로고
    • Evidence for adaptive evolution of the G6PD gene in Drosophila melanogaster and D. simulans lineages
    • Eanes WF, Kirchner M, Yoon J. 1993. Evidence for adaptive evolution of the G6PD gene in Drosophila melanogaster and D. simulans lineages. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 90:7475-79
    • (1993) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA , vol.90 , pp. 7475-7479
    • Eanes, W.F.1    Kirchner, M.2    Yoon, J.3
  • 47
    • 0029910046 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Historical selection, amino acid polymorphism and lineage-specific divergence at the G6pd locus in Drosophila melanogaster and D. simulans
    • Eanes WF, Kirchner M, Yoon J, Biermann CH, Wang IN, et al. 1996. Historical selection, amino acid polymorphism and lineage-specific divergence at the G6pd locus in Drosophila melanogaster and D. simulans. Genetics 144:1027-41
    • (1996) Genetics , vol.144 , pp. 1027-1041
    • Eanes, W.F.1    Kirchner, M.2    Yoon, J.3    Biermann, C.H.4    Wang, I.N.5
  • 48
    • 0017357114 scopus 로고
    • Population genetics theory in relation to the neutralist-selectionist controversy
    • ed. H Harris, K Hirschhorn, New York: Plenum
    • Ewens WJ. 1977. Population genetics theory in relation to the neutralist-selectionist controversy. In Advances in Human Genetics, ed. H Harris, K Hirschhorn, 8:67-132. New York: Plenum
    • (1977) Advances in Human Genetics , vol.8 , pp. 67-132
    • Ewens, W.J.1
  • 49
    • 0029094167 scopus 로고
    • Physiological control of metabolic flux: The requirement for multisite modulation
    • Fell DA, Thomas S. 1995. Physiological control of metabolic flux: the requirement for multisite modulation. Biochem. J. 311:35-39
    • (1995) Biochem. J. , vol.311 , pp. 35-39
    • Fell, D.A.1    Thomas, S.2
  • 50
    • 0027934147 scopus 로고
    • Drosophila alcohol dehydrogenase polymorphism and carbon-13 fluxes: Opportunities for epistasis and natural selection
    • Freriksen A, deRuiter BLA, Scharloo W, Heinstra PWH. 1994. Drosophila alcohol dehydrogenase polymorphism and carbon-13 fluxes: opportunities for epistasis and natural selection. Genetics 137:1071-78
    • (1994) Genetics , vol.137 , pp. 1071-1078
    • Freriksen, A.1    DeRuiter, B.L.A.2    Scharloo, W.3    Heinstra, P.W.H.4
  • 51
    • 0028005291 scopus 로고
    • Differences between larval and adult Drosophila in metabolic degradation of ethanol
    • Freriksen A, Seykens D, Heinstra PWH. 1994. Differences between larval and adult Drosophila in metabolic degradation of ethanol. Evolution 48:504-08
    • (1994) Evolution , vol.48 , pp. 504-508
    • Freriksen, A.1    Seykens, D.2    Heinstra, P.W.H.3
  • 52
    • 0025789666 scopus 로고
    • Alcohol dehydrogenase controls the flux from ethanol into lipids in Drosophila larvae. A 13C NMR Study
    • Freriksen A, Seykens D, Scharloo W, Heinstra PWH. 1991. Alcohol dehydrogenase controls the flux from ethanol into lipids in Drosophila larvae. A 13C NMR Study. J. Biol. Chem. 266:21399-403
    • (1991) J. Biol. Chem. , vol.266 , pp. 21399-21403
    • Freriksen, A.1    Seykens, D.2    Scharloo, W.3    Heinstra, P.W.H.4
  • 53
    • 0018627130 scopus 로고
    • Properties of the two common electrophoretic variants of phosphoglucomutase in Drosophila melanogaster
    • Fucci L, Gaudio L, Rao R, Spano A, Carfagna M. 1979. Properties of the two common electrophoretic variants of phosphoglucomutase in Drosophila melanogaster. Biochem. Genet. 17:825-35
    • (1979) Biochem. Genet. , vol.17 , pp. 825-835
    • Fucci, L.1    Gaudio, L.2    Rao, R.3    Spano, A.4    Carfagna, M.5
  • 54
    • 0027485922 scopus 로고
    • Nucleotide polymorphism in the Adhl locus of pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum) (Poacae)
    • Gaut BS, Clegg MT. 1993. Nucleotide polymorphism in the Adhl locus of pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum) (Poacae). Genetics 135:1091-97
    • (1993) Genetics , vol.135 , pp. 1091-1097
    • Gaut, B.S.1    Clegg, M.T.2
  • 56
    • 0018567710 scopus 로고
    • Relationship of the oxidative pentose shunt pathway to lipid synthesis in Drosophila melanogaster
    • Geer BW, Lindel DL, Lindel DM. 1979. Relationship of the oxidative pentose shunt pathway to lipid synthesis in Drosophila melanogaster. Biochem. Genet. 17:881-95
    • (1979) Biochem. Genet. , vol.17 , pp. 881-895
    • Geer, B.W.1    Lindel, D.L.2    Lindel, D.M.3
  • 58
    • 0026749389 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Faster superoxide dismutase mutants designed by enhancing electrostatic guidance
    • Getzoff ED, Cabelli DE, Fisher CL, Parge HE, Viezzoli MS, et al. 1996. Faster superoxide dismutase mutants designed by enhancing electrostatic guidance. Nature 358:347-51
    • (1996) Nature , vol.358 , pp. 347-351
    • Getzoff, E.D.1    Cabelli, D.E.2    Fisher, C.L.3    Parge, H.E.4    Viezzoli, M.S.5
  • 59
    • 0030049153 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of polymorphism in the Drosophila regulatory gene Ultrabithorax on homeotic stability
    • Gibson G, Hogness DS. 1996. Effect of polymorphism in the Drosophila regulatory gene Ultrabithorax on homeotic stability. Science 271:200-3
    • (1996) Science , vol.271 , pp. 200-203
    • Gibson, G.1    Hogness, D.S.2
  • 60
    • 84966181669 scopus 로고
    • Low activity sn-glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase variants in natural populations of Drosophila melanogaster
    • Gibson JB, Cao A, Symonds J, Reed D. 1991. Low activity sn-glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase variants in natural populations of Drosophila melanogaster. Heredity 66:75-82
    • (1991) Heredity , vol.66 , pp. 75-82
    • Gibson, J.B.1    Cao, A.2    Symonds, J.3    Reed, D.4
  • 62
    • 0002771750 scopus 로고
    • Kinetic and electrophoretic differentiation of lactate dehydrogenases of teleost species-pairs from the Atlantic and Pacific Coasts of Panama
    • Graves JE, Rosenblatt RH, Somero GN. 1984. Kinetic and electrophoretic differentiation of lactate dehydrogenases of teleost species-pairs from the Atlantic and Pacific Coasts of Panama. Evolution 37:30-37
    • (1984) Evolution , vol.37 , pp. 30-37
    • Graves, J.E.1    Rosenblatt, R.H.2    Somero, G.N.3
  • 63
    • 0002771750 scopus 로고
    • Electrophoretic and functional enzyme evolution in four species of eastern Pacific barracudas from different thermal environments
    • Graves JE, Somero GN. 1982. Electrophoretic and functional enzyme evolution in four species of eastern Pacific barracudas from different thermal environments. Evolution 36:91-106
    • (1982) Evolution , vol.36 , pp. 91-106
    • Graves, J.E.1    Somero, G.N.2
  • 64
    • 0022382056 scopus 로고
    • Temperature related differentiation of glucose phosphate isomerase alloenzymes isolated from the blue mussel, Mytilus edulis
    • Hall JG. 1985. Temperature related differentiation of glucose phosphate isomerase alloenzymes isolated from the blue mussel, Mytilus edulis. Biochem. Genet. 23:705-28
    • (1985) Biochem. Genet. , vol.23 , pp. 705-728
    • Hall, J.G.1
  • 65
    • 0008020354 scopus 로고
    • The evolution of enzyme catalytic efficiency and adaptive inference from steady-state data
    • Hall JG, Koehn RK. 1983. The evolution of enzyme catalytic efficiency and adaptive inference from steady-state data. Evol. Biol. 16:53-69
    • (1983) Evol. Biol. , vol.16 , pp. 53-69
    • Hall, J.G.1    Koehn, R.K.2
  • 66
    • 0029910525 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • High nucleotide sequence variation in a region of low recombination in Drosophila simulans is consistent with the background selection model
    • Hamblin MT, Aquadro CF. 1996. High nucleotide sequence variation in a region of low recombination in Drosophila simulans is consistent with the background selection model. Mol. Biol. Evol. 13:1133-40
    • (1996) Mol. Biol. Evol. , vol.13 , pp. 1133-1140
    • Hamblin, M.T.1    Aquadro, C.F.2
  • 67
    • 0030972919 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Contrasting patterns of nucleotide sequence variation at the glucose dehydrogenase (Gld) locus in different populations of Drosophila melanogaster
    • Hamblin MT, Aquadro CF. 1997. Contrasting patterns of nucleotide sequence variation at the glucose dehydrogenase (Gld) locus in different populations of Drosophila melanogaster. Genetics 145:1053-62
    • (1997) Genetics , vol.145 , pp. 1053-1062
    • Hamblin, M.T.1    Aquadro, C.F.2
  • 68
    • 0344803077 scopus 로고
    • Potential for selection among nearly neutral allozymes of 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase in Escherichia coli
    • Hartl DL, Dykhuizen DE. 1881. Potential for selection among nearly neutral allozymes of 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase in Escherichia coli. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 78:6344-48
    • (1881) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA , vol.78 , pp. 6344-6348
    • Hartl, D.L.1    Dykhuizen, D.E.2
  • 69
    • 0344341711 scopus 로고
    • The neutral theory and the molecular basis of preadaptation
    • ed. T Ohta, K Aoki, Tokyo/Berlin: Jpn. Sci. Soc. Press, Springer-Verlag
    • Hartl DL, Dykhuizen DE. 1985. The neutral theory and the molecular basis of preadaptation. In Population Genetics and Molecular Evolution, ed. T Ohta, K Aoki, pp. 107-24. Tokyo/Berlin: Jpn. Sci. Soc. Press, Springer-Verlag
    • (1985) Population Genetics and Molecular Evolution , pp. 107-124
    • Hartl, D.L.1    Dykhuizen, D.E.2
  • 70
    • 0022410121 scopus 로고
    • Limits of adaptation: The evolution of selective neutrality
    • Hartl DL, Dykhuizen DE, Dean AM. 1985. Limits of adaptation: the evolution of selective neutrality. Genetics 111:655-74
    • (1985) Genetics , vol.111 , pp. 655-674
    • Hartl, D.L.1    Dykhuizen, D.E.2    Dean, A.M.3
  • 71
    • 0030455821 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Contrasting histories of three gene regions associated with In(3L)Payne of Drosophila melanogaster
    • Hasson E, Eanes WF. 1996. Contrasting histories of three gene regions associated with In(3L)Payne of Drosophila melanogaster. Genetics 144:1565-75
    • (1996) Genetics , vol.144 , pp. 1565-1575
    • Hasson, E.1    Eanes, W.F.2
  • 72
    • 0031843062 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nucleotide variation in the triosephosphate isomerase (Tpi) locus of Drosophila melanogaster and Drosophila simulans
    • Hasson E, Wang IN, Zeng LW, Kreitman M, Eanes WF. 1998. Nucleotide variation in the triosephosphate isomerase (Tpi) locus of Drosophila melanogaster and Drosophila simulans. Mol. Biol. Evol. 15:756-69
    • (1998) Mol. Biol. Evol. , vol.15 , pp. 756-769
    • Hasson, E.1    Wang, I.N.2    Zeng, L.W.3    Kreitman, M.4    Eanes, W.F.5
  • 73
    • 0025875808 scopus 로고
    • Metabolic control analysis and enzyme variation: Nutritional manipulation of the flux from ethanol to lipids in Drosophila
    • Heinstra PWH, Geer BW. 1991. Metabolic control analysis and enzyme variation: nutritional manipulation of the flux from ethanol to lipids in Drosophila. Mol. Biol. Evol. 8:703-8
    • (1991) Mol. Biol. Evol. , vol.8 , pp. 703-708
    • Heinstra, P.W.H.1    Geer, B.W.2
  • 74
    • 0023404199 scopus 로고
    • Physiological significance of the alcohol dehydrogenase polymorphism in larvae of Drosophila
    • Heinstra PW, Scharloo W, Thong GEW. 1987. Physiological significance of the alcohol dehydrogenase polymorphism in larvae of Drosophila. Genetics 117:75-84
    • (1987) Genetics , vol.117 , pp. 75-84
    • Heinstra, P.W.1    Scharloo, W.2    Thong, G.E.W.3
  • 75
    • 0032976592 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The neutralist, the fly and the selectionist
    • Hey J. 1999. The neutralist, the fly and the selectionist. Trends Ecol. Evol. 14:35-38
    • (1999) Trends Ecol. Evol. , vol.14 , pp. 35-38
    • Hey, J.1
  • 76
    • 0020084889 scopus 로고
    • Effect of an allozyme polymorphism on regulation of cell volume
    • Hilbish TJ, Deaton LE, Koehn RK. 1981 Effect of an allozyme polymorphism on regulation of cell volume. Nature 298:688-89
    • (1981) Nature , vol.298 , pp. 688-689
    • Hilbish, T.J.1    Deaton, L.E.2    Koehn, R.K.3
  • 77
    • 0022254547 scopus 로고
    • Dominance in physiological phenotypes and fitness at an enzyme locus
    • Hilbish TJ, Koehn RK. 1985. Dominance in physiological phenotypes and fitness at an enzyme locus. Science 229:52-54
    • (1985) Science , vol.229 , pp. 52-54
    • Hilbish, T.J.1    Koehn, R.K.2
  • 79
    • 0001935493 scopus 로고
    • Gene genealogies and the coalescent process
    • ed. DJ Futuyma, J Antonovics, New York/Oxford: Oxford Univ. Press
    • Hudson RR. 1990. Gene genealogies and the coalescent process. In Oxford Surveys in Evolutionary Biology, ed. DJ Futuyma, J Antonovics, pp. 1-44. New York/Oxford: Oxford Univ. Press
    • (1990) Oxford Surveys in Evolutionary Biology , pp. 1-44
    • Hudson, R.R.1
  • 80
    • 0000601292 scopus 로고
    • The how and why of generating gene genealogies
    • ed. N Takahata, AG Clark, Tokyo/Sunderland, MA: Japan Sci. Soc. Press/Sinauer
    • Hudson RR. 1993. The how and why of generating gene genealogies. In Mechanisms of Molecular Evolution, ed. N Takahata, AG Clark, pp. 23-36 Tokyo/Sunderland, MA: Japan Sci. Soc. Press/Sinauer
    • (1993) Mechanisms of Molecular Evolution , pp. 23-36
    • Hudson, R.R.1
  • 81
    • 0028215929 scopus 로고
    • Evidence for positive selection in the superoxide dismutase (Sod) region of Drosophila melanogaster
    • Hudson RR, Bailey K, Skarecky D, Kwiatowski J, Ayala FJ. 1994. Evidence for positive selection in the superoxide dismutase (Sod) region of Drosophila melanogaster. Genetics 136:1329-40
    • (1994) Genetics , vol.136 , pp. 1329-1340
    • Hudson, R.R.1    Bailey, K.2    Skarecky, D.3    Kwiatowski, J.4    Ayala, F.J.5
  • 82
    • 0023760376 scopus 로고
    • The coalescent process in models with selection and recombination
    • Hudson RR, Kaplan NL. 1988. The coalescent process in models with selection and recombination. Genetics 120:831-40
    • (1988) Genetics , vol.120 , pp. 831-840
    • Hudson, R.R.1    Kaplan, N.L.2
  • 83
    • 0030846432 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • DNA variation at the Sod locus of Drosophila melanogaster. An unfolding story of natural selection
    • Hudson RR, Saez AG, Ayala FJ. 1997. DNA variation at the Sod locus of Drosophila melanogaster. An unfolding story of natural selection. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 94:7725-29
    • (1997) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA , vol.94 , pp. 7725-7729
    • Hudson, R.R.1    Saez, A.G.2    Ayala, F.J.3
  • 84
    • 0026320508 scopus 로고
    • Protein stability and molecular adaptation to extreme conditions
    • Jaenicke R. 1991. Protein stability and molecular adaptation to extreme conditions. Eur. J. Biochem. 202:715-28
    • (1991) Eur. J. Biochem. , vol.202 , pp. 715-728
    • Jaenicke, R.1
  • 85
    • 0029922615 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase from Thermotoga maritima: Strategies of protein stabilization
    • Jaenicke R. 1996. Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase from Thermotoga maritima: strategies of protein stabilization. FEMS Microbiol. Rev. 18:215-24
    • (1996) FEMS Microbiol. Rev. , vol.18 , pp. 215-224
    • Jaenicke, R.1
  • 86
    • 0025015392 scopus 로고
    • Anatomy of a conformational change: Hinged "lid" motion of the triose phosphate isomerase loop
    • Joeseph DG, Petsko A, Karplus M. 1990. Anatomy of a conformational change: hinged "lid" motion of the triose phosphate isomerase loop. Science 249:1425-28
    • (1990) Science , vol.249 , pp. 1425-1428
    • Joeseph, D.G.1    Petsko, A.2    Karplus, M.3
  • 88
    • 0019869334 scopus 로고
    • The molecular basis of dominance
    • Kacser H, Burns JA. 1981. The molecular basis of dominance. Genetics 97:639-66
    • (1981) Genetics , vol.97 , pp. 639-666
    • Kacser, H.1    Burns, J.A.2
  • 89
    • 0025971650 scopus 로고
    • The coalescent process in models with selection, recombination and geographic subdivision
    • Kaplan N, Hudson RR, Iizuka M. 1991. The coalescent process in models with selection, recombination and geographic subdivision. Genet. Res. 57:83-91
    • (1991) Genet. Res. , vol.57 , pp. 83-91
    • Kaplan, N.1    Hudson, R.R.2    Iizuka, M.3
  • 90
    • 0026602684 scopus 로고
    • Balancing selection at allozyme loci in oysters: Implications from nuclear RFLPs
    • Karl SA, Avise JC. 1992. Balancing selection at allozyme loci in oysters: implications from nuclear RFLPs. Science 256:100-2
    • (1992) Science , vol.256 , pp. 100-102
    • Karl, S.A.1    Avise, J.C.2
  • 91
    • 0028854940 scopus 로고
    • Nucleotide variation at the hypervariable esterase 6 isozyme locus of Drosophila simulans
    • Karotam J, Boyce TM, Oakeshott JG. 1995. Nucleotide variation at the hypervariable esterase 6 isozyme locus of Drosophila simulans. Mol. Biol. Evol. 12:113-22
    • (1995) Mol. Biol. Evol. , vol.12 , pp. 113-122
    • Karotam, J.1    Boyce, T.M.2    Oakeshott, J.G.3
  • 92
    • 0030821989 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Balancing selection on electrophoretic variation of phosphoglucose isomerase in two species of field cricket: Gryllus veletis and G. pennsylvanicus
    • Katz LA, Harrison RG. 1997. Balancing selection on electrophoretic variation of phosphoglucose isomerase in two species of field cricket: Gryllus veletis and G. pennsylvanicus. Genetics 147:609-21
    • (1997) Genetics , vol.147 , pp. 609-621
    • Katz, L.A.1    Harrison, R.G.2
  • 93
    • 0024652778 scopus 로고
    • Models of quantitative variation of flux in metabolic pathways
    • Keightley PD. 1989. Models of quantitative variation of flux in metabolic pathways. Genetics 121:869-76
    • (1989) Genetics , vol.121 , pp. 869-876
    • Keightley, P.D.1
  • 94
    • 0030030193 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A metabolic basis for dominance and recessivity
    • Keightley PD. 1996. A metabolic basis for dominance and recessivity. Genetics 143:621-25
    • (1996) Genetics , vol.143 , pp. 621-625
    • Keightley, P.D.1
  • 95
    • 0023432669 scopus 로고
    • Dominance, pleiotropy and metabolic structure
    • Keightley PD, Kacser H. 1987. Dominance, pleiotropy and metabolic structure. Genetics 117:319-29
    • (1987) Genetics , vol.117 , pp. 319-329
    • Keightley, P.D.1    Kacser, H.2
  • 96
    • 0029816202 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Multilocus selection and the structure of variation at the white gene of Drosophila melanogaster
    • Kirby DA, Stephan W. 1996. Multilocus selection and the structure of variation at the white gene of Drosophila melanogaster. Genetics 144:635-45
    • (1996) Genetics , vol.144 , pp. 635-645
    • Kirby, D.A.1    Stephan, W.2
  • 97
    • 0027383354 scopus 로고
    • Reduced natural selection associated with low recombination in Drosophila melanogaster
    • Kliman RM, Hey J. 1993. Reduced natural selection associated with low recombination in Drosophila melanogaster. Mol. Biol. Evol. 10:1239-58
    • (1993) Mol. Biol. Evol. , vol.10 , pp. 1239-1258
    • Kliman, R.M.1    Hey, J.2
  • 98
    • 0019133759 scopus 로고
    • Assessment of variability within electromorphs of alcohol dehydrogenase in Drosophila melanogaster
    • Kreitman M. 1980. Assessment of variability within electromorphs of alcohol dehydrogenase in Drosophila melanogaster. Genetics 95:467-75
    • (1980) Genetics , vol.95 , pp. 467-475
    • Kreitman, M.1
  • 99
    • 0020560127 scopus 로고
    • Nucleotide polymorphism at the alcohol dehydrogenase locus of Drosophila melanogaster
    • Kreitman M. 1983. Nucleotide polymorphism at the alcohol dehydrogenase locus of Drosophila melanogaster. Nature 304:412-17
    • (1983) Nature , vol.304 , pp. 412-417
    • Kreitman, M.1
  • 100
    • 0029200909 scopus 로고
    • Molecular evidence for natural selection
    • Kreitman M, Akashi H. 1995. Molecular evidence for natural selection. Annu. Rev. Ecol. Syst. 26:403-22
    • (1995) Annu. Rev. Ecol. Syst. , vol.26 , pp. 403-422
    • Kreitman, M.1    Akashi, H.2
  • 101
    • 0025970149 scopus 로고
    • Inferring the histories of Adh and Adh-dup in Drosophila melanogaster from patterns of polymorphism and divergence
    • Kreitman MK, Hudson RR. 1991. Inferring the histories of Adh and Adh-dup in Drosophila melanogaster from patterns of polymorphism and divergence. Genetics 127:565-82
    • (1991) Genetics , vol.127 , pp. 565-582
    • Kreitman, M.K.1    Hudson, R.R.2
  • 102
    • 0026759695 scopus 로고
    • Direct measurement of in vivo flux differences between electrophoretic variants of G6PD from Drosophila melanogaster
    • Labate J, Eanes WF. 1992. Direct measurement of in vivo flux differences between electrophoretic variants of G6PD from Drosophila melanogaster. Genetics 132:783-87
    • (1992) Genetics , vol.132 , pp. 783-787
    • Labate, J.1    Eanes, W.F.2
  • 103
    • 0028578184 scopus 로고
    • Naturally occurring variation in bristle number and DNA polymorphisms at the scabrous locus of Drosophila melanogaster
    • Lai CG, Lyman RF, Long AD, Langley CH, Mackay TFC. 1994. Naturally occurring variation in bristle number and DNA polymorphisms at the scabrous locus of Drosophila melanogaster. Science 266:1697-1702
    • (1994) Science , vol.266 , pp. 1697-1702
    • Lai, C.G.1    Lyman, R.F.2    Long, A.D.3    Langley, C.H.4    Mackay, T.F.C.5
  • 105
    • 0021741048 scopus 로고
    • The branch point effect. Ultrasensitivity and subsensitivity to metabolic control
    • LaPorte DC, Walsh K, Koshland DE. 1984. The branch point effect. Ultrasensitivity and subsensitivity to metabolic control. J. Biol.Chem. 259:14068-75
    • (1984) J. Biol.Chem. , vol.259 , pp. 14068-14075
    • LaPorte, D.C.1    Walsh, K.2    Koshland, D.E.3
  • 106
    • 0026053091 scopus 로고
    • Associations between DNA sequence variation and variation in expression of the Adh gene in natural populations of Drosophila melanogaster
    • Laurie CC, Bridgham JT, Choudhary M. 1991. Associations between DNA sequence variation and variation in expression of the Adh gene in natural populations of Drosophila melanogaster. Genetics 129:489-99
    • (1991) Genetics , vol.129 , pp. 489-499
    • Laurie, C.C.1    Bridgham, J.T.2    Choudhary, M.3
  • 107
    • 0024041395 scopus 로고
    • Quantitative analysis of RNA produced by Slow and Fast allele s of Drosophila melanogaster Adh
    • Laurie CC, Stam LF. 1988. Quantitative analysis of RNA produced by Slow and Fast allele s of Drosophila melanogaster Adh. Proc. Natl. Acad. USA 85:5161-65
    • (1988) Proc. Natl. Acad. USA , vol.85 , pp. 5161-5165
    • Laurie, C.C.1    Stam, L.F.2
  • 108
    • 0028031431 scopus 로고
    • The effect of an intronic polymorphism on alcohol dehydrogenase expression in Drosophila melanogaster
    • Laurie CC, Stam LF. 1994. The effect of an intronic polymorphism on alcohol dehydrogenase expression in Drosophila melanogaster. Genetics 138:379-85
    • (1994) Genetics , vol.138 , pp. 379-385
    • Laurie, C.C.1    Stam, L.F.2
  • 109
    • 0026040910 scopus 로고
    • Electrophoresis in the development of evolutionary genetics: Milestone or millstone?
    • Lewontin RC. 1991. Electrophoresis in the development of evolutionary genetics: milestone or millstone? Genetics 128: 657-62
    • (1991) Genetics , vol.128 , pp. 657-662
    • Lewontin, R.C.1
  • 111
    • 0027255479 scopus 로고
    • Structural and genetic analysis of protein stability
    • Matthews BW. 1993. Structural and genetic analysis of protein stability. Annu. Rev. Biochem. 62:139-60
    • (1993) Annu. Rev. Biochem. , vol.62 , pp. 139-160
    • Matthews, B.W.1
  • 112
    • 0026428610 scopus 로고
    • Adaptive evolution at the Adh locus in Drosophila
    • McDonald JH, Kreitman MK. 1991. Adaptive evolution at the Adh locus in Drosophila. Nature 351:652-54
    • (1991) Nature , vol.351 , pp. 652-654
    • McDonald, J.H.1    Kreitman, M.K.2
  • 113
    • 0029858262 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Lack of geographic variation in anonymous nuclear polymorphisms in the American oyster, Crassostrea virginica
    • McDonald JH, Verrelli BC, Geyer LB. 1996. Lack of geographic variation in anonymous nuclear polymorphisms in the American oyster, Crassostrea virginica. Mol. Biol. Evol. 13:1114-18
    • (1996) Mol. Biol. Evol. , vol.13 , pp. 1114-1118
    • McDonald, J.H.1    Verrelli, B.C.2    Geyer, L.B.3
  • 114
    • 0001045139 scopus 로고
    • Regulation of alcohol dehydrogenase in Drosophila melanogaster by dietary alcohol and carbohydrate
    • McKechnie SW, Geer BW. 1984. Regulation of alcohol dehydrogenase in Drosophila melanogaster by dietary alcohol and carbohydrate. Insect Biochem. 14:231-42
    • (1984) Insect Biochem. , vol.14 , pp. 231-242
    • McKechnie, S.W.1    Geer, B.W.2
  • 115
    • 6744257619 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Deleted in proof
    • Deleted in proof
  • 116
    • 0024974452 scopus 로고
    • Engineering protein stability. Sequence statistics point to residue substitutions in alpha-helices
    • Menendez-Arias L, Argos P. 1989. Engineering protein stability. Sequence statistics point to residue substitutions in alpha-helices. J. Mol. Biol. 206:397-406
    • (1989) J. Mol. Biol. , vol.206 , pp. 397-406
    • Menendez-Arias, L.1    Argos, P.2
  • 117
    • 0021035271 scopus 로고
    • Enzyme variation, metabolic flux and fitness: Alcohol dehydrogenase in Drosophila melanogaster
    • Middleton RJ, Kacser H. 1983. Enzyme variation, metabolic flux and fitness: alcohol dehydrogenase in Drosophila melanogaster. Genetics 105:633-50
    • (1983) Genetics , vol.105 , pp. 633-650
    • Middleton, R.J.1    Kacser, H.2
  • 119
    • 0025301273 scopus 로고
    • Molecular and phenotypic variation of the Zw locus region in Drosophila melanogaster
    • Miyashita NT. 1990. Molecular and phenotypic variation of the Zw locus region in Drosophila melanogaster. Genetics 125:407-19
    • (1990) Genetics , vol.125 , pp. 407-419
    • Miyashita, N.T.1
  • 120
    • 0030077845 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Intra- and interspecific variation of the alcohol dehydrogenase locus region in wild plants Arabis gemmifera and Arabidopsis thaliana
    • Miyashita NT, Innan H, Terauchi R. 1996. Intra- and interspecific variation of the alcohol dehydrogenase locus region in wild plants Arabis gemmifera and Arabidopsis thaliana. Mol. Biol. Evol. 13:433-36
    • (1996) Mol. Biol. Evol. , vol.13 , pp. 433-436
    • Miyashita, N.T.1    Innan, H.2    Terauchi, R.3
  • 121
    • 0030034357 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Intraspecific nuclear DNA variation in Drosophila
    • Moriyama EN, Powell JR. 1996. Intraspecific nuclear DNA variation in Drosophila. Mol. Biol. Evol. 13:261-77
    • (1996) Mol. Biol. Evol. , vol.13 , pp. 261-277
    • Moriyama, E.N.1    Powell, J.R.2
  • 122
    • 0030011347 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Nonneutral mitochondrial DNA variation in humans and chimpanzees
    • Nachman MW, Brown WM, Stoneking M, Aquadro CF. 1996. Nonneutral mitochondrial DNA variation in humans and chimpanzees. Genetics 142:953-63
    • (1996) Genetics , vol.142 , pp. 953-963
    • Nachman, M.W.1    Brown, W.M.2    Stoneking, M.3    Aquadro, C.F.4
  • 123
    • 0015344331 scopus 로고
    • The α-glycerophosphate cycle in Drosophila melanogaster. II. Genetic aspects
    • O'Brien SJ, Maclntyre RJ. 1972. The α-glycerophosphate cycle in Drosophila melanogaster. II. Genetic aspects. Genetics 71:127-38
    • (1972) Genetics , vol.71 , pp. 127-138
    • O'Brien, S.J.1    Maclntyre, R.J.2
  • 125
    • 0019743757 scopus 로고
    • Latitudinal relationships of esterase-6 and phosphoglucomutase gene frequencies in Drosophila melanogaster
    • Oakeshott JG, Chambers GK, Gibson JB, Willcocks DA. 1981. Latitudinal relationships of esterase-6 and phosphoglucomutase gene frequencies in Drosophila melanogaster. Heredity 47:385-96
    • (1981) Heredity , vol.47 , pp. 385-396
    • Oakeshott, J.G.1    Chambers, G.K.2    Gibson, J.B.3    Willcocks, D.A.4
  • 126
    • 0002068215 scopus 로고
    • Alcohol dehydrogenase and glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase clines in Drosophila. melanogaster on different continents
    • Oakeshott JG, Gibson JB, Anderson PR, Knibb WR, Chambers GK. 1982. Alcohol dehydrogenase and glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase clines in Drosophila. melanogaster on different continents. Evolution 36:86-96
    • (1982) Evolution , vol.36 , pp. 86-96
    • Oakeshott, J.G.1    Gibson, J.B.2    Anderson, P.R.3    Knibb, W.R.4    Chambers, G.K.5
  • 127
    • 0021223631 scopus 로고
    • Population Genetics of the metabolically related Adh, Gpdh, and Tpi polymorphisms in Drosophila melanogaster. I. Geographic variation in Gpdh and Tpi allele frequencies in different continents
    • Oakeshott JG, Mckechnie SW, Chambers GK. 1984. Population Genetics of the metabolically related Adh, Gpdh, and Tpi polymorphisms in Drosophila melanogaster. I. Geographic variation in Gpdh and Tpi allele frequencies in different continents. Genetica 63:21-29
    • (1984) Genetica , vol.63 , pp. 21-29
    • Oakeshott, J.G.1    Mckechnie, S.W.2    Chambers, G.K.3
  • 128
    • 0027020232 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The nearly neutral theory of molecular evolution
    • Ohta T. 1998. The nearly neutral theory of molecular evolution. Annu. Rev. Ecol. Syst. 23:263-86
    • (1998) Annu. Rev. Ecol. Syst. , vol.23 , pp. 263-286
    • Ohta, T.1
  • 129
    • 0022666536 scopus 로고
    • Irradiation resistance conferred by superoxide dismutase: Possible adaptive role of a natural polymorphism
    • Peng TX, Moya A, Ayala FJ. 1986. Irradiation resistance conferred by superoxide dismutase: possible adaptive role of a natural polymorphism. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 83:684-87
    • (1986) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA , vol.83 , pp. 684-687
    • Peng, T.X.1    Moya, A.2    Ayala, F.J.3
  • 130
    • 0022168245 scopus 로고
    • Correlations of allele frequencies with physical and environmental variables for populations of largemouth bass, Micropterus salmoides
    • Phillip DP, Childers WF, Whitt GS. 1985. Correlations of allele frequencies with physical and environmental variables for populations of largemouth bass, Micropterus salmoides. J. Fish. Biol. 27: 347-65
    • (1985) J. Fish. Biol. , vol.27 , pp. 347-365
    • Phillip, D.P.1    Childers, W.F.2    Whitt, G.S.3
  • 131
    • 0031002025 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Phylogenetic analysis of glycolytic enzyme expression
    • Pierce VA, Crawford DL. 1997. Phylogenetic analysis of glycolytic enzyme expression. Science 276:256-59
    • (1997) Science , vol.276 , pp. 256-259
    • Pierce, V.A.1    Crawford, D.L.2
  • 132
    • 0018427161 scopus 로고
    • Genetic variation and relative catalytic efficiencies: Lactate dehydrogenase-B allozymes of Fundulus heteroclitus
    • Place AR, Powers DA. 1979. Genetic variation and relative catalytic efficiencies: lactate dehydrogenase-B allozymes of Fundulus heteroclitus. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 76:2354-58
    • (1979) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA , vol.76 , pp. 2354-2358
    • Place, A.R.1    Powers, D.A.2
  • 133
    • 0006360522 scopus 로고
    • Analysis of cryptic alleles of Fundulus heteroclitus lactate dehydrogenase by a novel allele-specific polymerase chain reaction
    • Powell MA, Crawford DL, Lauerman T, Powers DA. 1992. Analysis of cryptic alleles of Fundulus heteroclitus lactate dehydrogenase by a novel allele-specific polymerase chain reaction. Mol. Mar. Biol. Biotechol. 1:391-96
    • (1992) Mol. Mar. Biol. Biotechol. , vol.1 , pp. 391-396
    • Powell, M.A.1    Crawford, D.L.2    Lauerman, T.3    Powers, D.A.4
  • 135
    • 0001979038 scopus 로고
    • A multidisciplinary approach to the selectionist/neutralist controversy using the model teleost. Fundulus heteroclitus
    • ed. DJ Futuyma, J Antonovics, New York/Oxford: Oxford Univ. Press
    • Powers DA, Smith M, Gonzalez-Villasenor I, DiMichele L, Crawford D,. et al. 1993. A multidisciplinary approach to the selectionist/neutralist controversy using the model teleost. Fundulus heteroclitus. In Oxford Surveys in Evolutionary Biology, ed. DJ Futuyma, J Antonovics, pp. 43-107. New York/Oxford: Oxford Univ. Press
    • (1993) Oxford Surveys in Evolutionary Biology , pp. 43-107
    • Powers, D.A.1    Smith, M.2    Gonzalez-Villasenor, I.3    DiMichele, L.4    Crawford, D.5
  • 136
    • 0030000951 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Excess amino acid polymorphism in mitochondrial DNA: Contrasts among genes from Drosophila, mice, and humans
    • Rand DM, Kann LM. 1996. Excess amino acid polymorphism in mitochondrial DNA: contrasts among genes from Drosophila, mice, and humans. Mol. Biol. Evol. 13:735-48
    • (1996) Mol. Biol. Evol. , vol.13 , pp. 735-748
    • Rand, D.M.1    Kann, L.M.2
  • 137
    • 0002186526 scopus 로고
    • The adaptive significance of electrophoretic mobility in phosphoglucose isomerase (PGI)
    • Riddoch BJ. 1993. The adaptive significance of electrophoretic mobility in phosphoglucose isomerase (PGI). Biol. J. Linn. Soc. 50:1-17
    • (1993) Biol. J. Linn. Soc. , vol.50 , pp. 1-17
    • Riddoch, B.J.1
  • 138
    • 0026513924 scopus 로고
    • Nucleotide polymorphism at the xanthine dehydrogenase locus in Drosophila pseudoobscura
    • Riley MA, Kaplan SR, Veuille M. 1992. Nucleotide polymorphism at the xanthine dehydrogenase locus in Drosophila pseudoobscura. Mol. Biol. Evol. 9:56-69
    • (1992) Mol. Biol. Evol. , vol.9 , pp. 56-69
    • Riley, M.A.1    Kaplan, S.R.2    Veuille, M.3
  • 139
    • 0028774539 scopus 로고
    • The three-dimensional structure of glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase from Leuconostoc mesenteroides refined at 2.0A resolution
    • Rowlan P, Basak AK, Gover S, Levy HR, Adams MJ. 1994. The three-dimensional structure of glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase from Leuconostoc mesenteroides refined at 2.0A resolution. Structure 2:1073-87
    • (1994) Structure , vol.2 , pp. 1073-1087
    • Rowlan, P.1    Basak, A.K.2    Gover, S.3    Levy, H.R.4    Adams, M.J.5
  • 140
    • 0023413802 scopus 로고
    • Confidence interval for the number of selectively neutral amino acid polymorphisms
    • Sawyer SA, Dykhuizen DE, Hartl DL. 1987. Confidence interval for the number of selectively neutral amino acid polymorphisms. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 84:6225-28
    • (1987) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA , vol.84 , pp. 6225-6228
    • Sawyer, S.A.1    Dykhuizen, D.E.2    Hartl, D.L.3
  • 141
    • 0031442734 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Natural variation in a Drosophila clock gene and temperature compensation
    • Sawyer LA, Hennessy JM, Peixoto AA, Rosato E, Parkinson H, et al. 1997. Natural variation in a Drosophila clock gene and temperature compensation. Science 278:2117-20
    • (1997) Science , vol.278 , pp. 2117-2120
    • Sawyer, L.A.1    Hennessy, J.M.2    Peixoto, A.A.3    Rosato, E.4    Parkinson, H.5
  • 142
    • 0026744833 scopus 로고
    • Molecular population genetics of an electrophoretically monomorphic gene in Drosophila pseudoobscura: The alcohol dehydrogenase region
    • Schaeffer SW, Miller EL. 1992. Molecular population genetics of an electrophoretically monomorphic gene in Drosophila pseudoobscura: the alcohol dehydrogenase region. Genetics 132: 163-78
    • (1992) Genetics , vol.132 , pp. 163-178
    • Schaeffer, S.W.1    Miller, E.L.2
  • 143
    • 0027484771 scopus 로고
    • Estimates of linkage disequilibrium and recombination parameter determined from segregating nucleotide sites in the alcohol dehydrogenase region of Drosophila pseudoobscura
    • Schaeffer SW, Miller EL. 1993. Estimates of linkage disequilibrium and recombination parameter determined from segregating nucleotide sites in the alcohol dehydrogenase region of Drosophila pseudoobscura. Genetics 135:541-52
    • (1993) Genetics , vol.135 , pp. 541-552
    • Schaeffer, S.W.1    Miller, E.L.2
  • 144
    • 84970541254 scopus 로고
    • Associations between alcohol tolerance and the quantity of alcohol dehydrogenase in Drosophila melanogaster isolated from a winery population
    • Schmitt LH, Mckechnie SW, Mckechnie JA. 1986. Associations between alcohol tolerance and the quantity of alcohol dehydrogenase in Drosophila melanogaster isolated from a winery population. Aust. J. Biol. Sci. 39:59-67
    • (1986) Aust. J. Biol. Sci. , vol.39 , pp. 59-67
    • Schmitt, L.H.1    Mckechnie, S.W.2    Mckechnie, J.A.3
  • 145
    • 1842407790 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Structural and functional differences in the promoter and 5′ flanking region of Ldh-B within and between populations of the teleost Fundulus heteroclitus
    • Schulte PM, GomezChiarri M, Powers DA. 1997. Structural and functional differences in the promoter and 5′ flanking region of Ldh-B within and between populations of the teleost Fundulus heteroclitus. Genetics 145:759-69
    • (1997) Genetics , vol.145 , pp. 759-769
    • Schulte, P.M.1    GomezChiarri, M.2    Powers, D.A.3
  • 146
    • 0024116811 scopus 로고
    • "Silent" sites in Drosophila genes are not neutral: Evidence of selection among synonymous codons
    • Shields DC, Sharp PM, Higgins DG, Wright F. 1988. "Silent" sites in Drosophila genes are not neutral: evidence of selection among synonymous codons. Mol. Biol. Evol. 5:704-16
    • (1988) Mol. Biol. Evol. , vol.5 , pp. 704-716
    • Shields, D.C.1    Sharp, P.M.2    Higgins, D.G.3    Wright, F.4
  • 147
    • 0001118639 scopus 로고
    • A comprehensive study of genic variation in natural populations of Drosophila melanogaster. II. Estimates of heterozygosity and patterns of geographic differentiation
    • Singh RS, Rhomberg LR. 1987. A comprehensive study of genic variation in natural populations of Drosophila melanogaster. II. Estimates of heterozygosity and patterns of geographic differentiation. Genetics 117:255-72
    • (1987) Genetics , vol.117 , pp. 255-272
    • Singh, R.S.1    Rhomberg, L.R.2
  • 148
    • 0028949615 scopus 로고
    • Proteins and temperature
    • Somero GN. 1995. Proteins and temperature. Annu. Rev. Physiol. 57:43-86
    • (1995) Annu. Rev. Physiol. , vol.57 , pp. 43-86
    • Somero, G.N.1
  • 149
    • 0025681888 scopus 로고
    • Phenotypic consequences of copper-zinc superoxide dismutase overexpression in Drosophila melanogaster
    • Staveley BE, Phillips JP, Hilliker AJ. 1990. Phenotypic consequences of copper-zinc superoxide dismutase overexpression in Drosophila melanogaster. Genome 31:867-72
    • (1990) Genome , vol.31 , pp. 867-872
    • Staveley, B.E.1    Phillips, J.P.2    Hilliker, A.J.3
  • 150
    • 0014330876 scopus 로고
    • Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase in Drosophila melanogaster: Starch gel electrophoretic variation due to molecular instability
    • Steele MC, Young CW, Childs B. 1968. Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase in Drosophila melanogaster: starch gel electrophoretic variation due to molecular instability. Biochem. Genet. 2:159-75
    • (1968) Biochem. Genet. , vol.2 , pp. 159-175
    • Steele, M.C.1    Young, C.W.2    Childs, B.3
  • 151
    • 0030986362 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Relationships between enzymatic flux capacities and metabolic flux rates: Nonequilibrium reactions in muscle glycolysis
    • Suarez RK, Staples JF, Lighton JRB, West TG, 1997. Relationships between enzymatic flux capacities and metabolic flux rates: nonequilibrium reactions in muscle glycolysis. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 94:7065-69
    • (1997) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA , vol.94 , pp. 7065-7069
    • Suarez, R.K.1    Staples, J.F.2    Lighton, J.R.B.3    West, T.G.4
  • 152
    • 0013637349 scopus 로고
    • DNA polymorphism and the origin of protein polymorphism at the Gpdh locus of Drosophila melanogaster
    • ed. N Takahata, AG Clark, Tokyo/Sunderland, MA: Jpn. Sci. Soc./ Sinauer
    • Takano TS, Kusakabe S, Mukai T,. 1993. DNA polymorphism and the origin of protein polymorphism at the Gpdh locus of Drosophila melanogaster. In Mechanisms of Molecular Evolution, ed. N Takahata, AG Clark, pp. 179-190. Tokyo/Sunderland, MA: Jpn. Sci. Soc./ Sinauer
    • (1993) Mechanisms of Molecular Evolution , pp. 179-190
    • Takano, T.S.1    Kusakabe, S.2    Mukai, T.3
  • 153
    • 0027524758 scopus 로고
    • Molecular characterization of duplicate cytosolic phosphoglucose isomerase genes in Clarkia and comparison to the single gene in Arabidopsis
    • Thomas BR, Frod VS, Pichersky E, Gottlieb LD. 1993. Molecular characterization of duplicate cytosolic phosphoglucose isomerase genes in Clarkia and comparison to the single gene in Arabidopsis. Genetics 135:895-905
    • (1993) Genetics , vol.135 , pp. 895-905
    • Thomas, B.R.1    Frod, V.S.2    Pichersky, E.3    Gottlieb, L.D.4
  • 154
    • 0029100599 scopus 로고
    • Molecular basis of polymorphism at the esterase-5B locus in Drosophila pseudoobscura
    • Veuille M, King LM. 1995. Molecular basis of polymorphism at the esterase-5B locus in Drosophila pseudoobscura. Genetics 141:255-62
    • (1995) Genetics , vol.141 , pp. 255-262
    • Veuille, M.1    King, L.M.2
  • 155
    • 0007101306 scopus 로고
    • Enzyme null alleles in natural populations of Drosophila melanogaster: Frequencies in a North Carolina population
    • Voelker RA, Langley CH, Leigh-Brown AJ, Ohnishi S, Dickson B, et al. 1980. Enzyme null alleles in natural populations of Drosophila melanogaster: frequencies in a North Carolina population. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 77:1091-95
    • (1980) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA , vol.77 , pp. 1091-1095
    • Voelker, R.A.1    Langley, C.H.2    Leigh-Brown, A.J.3    Ohnishi, S.4    Dickson, B.5
  • 156
    • 0017740198 scopus 로고
    • Adaptation at specific loci. I. Natural selection on phosphoglucose isomerase of Colias butterflies: Biochemical and population aspects
    • Watt WB. 1977. Adaptation at specific loci. I. Natural selection on phosphoglucose isomerase of Colias butterflies: biochemical and population aspects. Genetics 87:177-94
    • (1977) Genetics , vol.87 , pp. 177-194
    • Watt, W.B.1
  • 157
    • 0001432824 scopus 로고
    • Adaptation at specific loci. II. Demographic and biochemical elements in the maintenance of the Colias PGI polymorphism
    • Watt WB. 1983. Adaptation at specific loci. II. Demographic and biochemical elements in the maintenance of the Colias PGI polymorphism. Genetics 103:691-724
    • (1983) Genetics , vol.103 , pp. 691-724
    • Watt, W.B.1
  • 158
    • 0001344622 scopus 로고
    • Bioenergetics and evolutionary genetics: Opportunities for new synthesis
    • Watt WB. 1985. Bioenergetics and evolutionary genetics: opportunities for new synthesis. Am. Nat. 125:118-43
    • (1985) Am. Nat. , vol.125 , pp. 118-143
    • Watt, W.B.1
  • 159
    • 0028118551 scopus 로고
    • Allozymes in evolutionary genetics - Self-imposed burden or extraordinary tool?
    • Watt WB. 1994. Allozymes in evolutionary genetics - self-imposed burden or extraordinary tool? Genetics 136:11-16
    • (1994) Genetics , vol.136 , pp. 11-16
    • Watt, W.B.1
  • 160
    • 0021944932 scopus 로고
    • Adaptation at specific loci. IV. Differential mating success among glycolytic allozyme genotypes of butterflies
    • Watt WB, Carter PA, Blower SM. 1985 Adaptation at specific loci. IV. Differential mating success among glycolytic allozyme genotypes of butterflies. Genetics 109:157-75
    • (1985) Genetics , vol.109 , pp. 157-175
    • Watt, W.B.1    Carter, P.A.2    Blower, S.M.3
  • 161
    • 0001432825 scopus 로고
    • Adaptation at specific loci. III Field behavior and survivorship differences among Colias PGI genotypes are predictable from in vitro biochemistry
    • Watt WB, Cassin RC, Swan MS. 1983 Adaptation at specific loci. III Field behavior and survivorship differences among Colias PGI genotypes are predictable from in vitro biochemistry. Genetics 103:725-39
    • (1983) Genetics , vol.103 , pp. 725-739
    • Watt, W.B.1    Cassin, R.C.2    Swan, M.S.3
  • 162
    • 0029925676 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Adaptation at specific loci. VI. Divergence vs. parallelism of polymorphic allozymes in molecular function and fitness-component effects among Colias species (Lepidoptera, Pieridae)
    • Watt WB, Donohue K, Carter PA. 1996 Adaptation at specific loci. VI. Divergence vs. parallelism of polymorphic allozymes in molecular function and fitness-component effects among Colias species (Lepidoptera, Pieridae). Mol. Biol. Evol. 13:699-709
    • (1996) Mol. Biol. Evol. , vol.13 , pp. 699-709
    • Watt, W.B.1    Donohue, K.2    Carter, P.A.3
  • 163
    • 0021016157 scopus 로고
    • Comparative properties of three forms of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase in Drosophila melanogaster
    • Williamson JH, Bentley MM. 1983. Comparative properties of three forms of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase in Drosophila melanogaster. Biochem. Genet. 21:1153-66
    • (1983) Biochem. Genet. , vol.21 , pp. 1153-1166
    • Williamson, J.H.1    Bentley, M.M.2
  • 164
    • 0024652684 scopus 로고
    • Allozymes of glucose-6-phosphate isomerase differentially modulate pentoseshunt metabolism in the sea anemone Metridium senile
    • Zamer WE, Hoffman RJ. 1989. Allozymes of glucose-6-phosphate isomerase differentially modulate pentoseshunt metabolism in the sea anemone Metridium senile. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 86:2737-41
    • (1989) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA , vol.86 , pp. 2737-2741
    • Zamer, W.E.1    Hoffman, R.J.2
  • 165
    • 0023338727 scopus 로고
    • Temperature-dependent kinetic variation among phosphoglucose isomerase allozymes from the wing-polymorphic water strider, Limnoporus canaliculatus
    • Zera AJ. 1987. Temperature-dependent kinetic variation among phosphoglucose isomerase allozymes from the wing-polymorphic water strider, Limnoporus canaliculatus. Mol. Biol. Evol. 4:266-85
    • (1987) Mol. Biol. Evol. , vol.4 , pp. 266-285
    • Zera, A.J.1


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.