A model of the kinetics and dynamics of induction of anaesthesia in sheep: Variable estimation for thiopental and comparison with propofol

British Journal of Anaesthesia

Volumn 82, Issue 6, 1999, Pages 890-899

  Upton, R N ^a   Ludbrook, G L ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF ADELAIDE   (Australia)

Author keywords

Anaesthetic techniques, induction; Anaesthetics i.v., propofol; Anaesthetics i.v., thiopental; Model, pharmacokinetic; Pharmacodynamics; Sheep; Thiopental, pharmacokinetics

Indexed keywords

ANESTHETIC AGENT; PROPOFOL; THIOPENTAL;

ANESTHESIA INDUCTION; ANIMAL EXPERIMENT; ARTICLE; BOLUS INJECTION; BRAIN BLOOD FLOW; DRUG DISTRIBUTION; DRUG HALF LIFE; HEART OUTPUT; INTRAVENOUS DRUG ADMINISTRATION; KINETICS; MODEL; NONHUMAN; PHARMACODYNAMICS; PRIORITY JOURNAL; SHEEP; SIMULATION;

EID: 0032987129     PISSN: 00070912     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1093/bja/82.6.890     Document Type: Article

References (42)

1. Price HL, Dundee JW, Conner EH. Rates of uptake and release of thiopental by human brain: Relation to kinetics of thiopentone anesthesia. Anesthesiology 1957; 18: 171
2. Price HL, Kovnat PJ, Safer JN, Conner EH, Price ML. The uptake of thiopental by body tissues and its relation to the duration of narcosis. Clin Pharmacol Ther 1960; 1: 16-22
3. Upton RN, Ludbrook GL, Grant C, Gray EC. In vivo relationships between the cerebral pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of thiopentone in sheep after short-term administration. J Pharmacokinet Biopharm 1996; 24: 1-18
4. Tucker GT. Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics - evolution of current concepts. Anaesth Pharmacol Rev 1994; 2: 177-87
5. Bischoff KB, Dedrick RL Thiopental pharmacokinetics. J Pharm Sci 1968; 57: 1346-51
6. Igari Y, Sugiyama Y, Awazu S, Hanano M. Comparative physiologically based pharmacokinetics of hexobarbital, phenobarbital, and thiopental in the rat. J Pharmacokinet Biopharm 1982; 10: 53-75
7. Ebling WF, Wada DR, Stanski DR. From piecewise to full physiologic modelling: Applied to thiopentone disposition in the rat. J Pharmacokinet Biophorm 1994; 22: 259-92
8. Blakey GE, Nestorov IA, Arundel PA, Aarons LJ, Rowland M. Quantitative structure - pharmacokinetics relationships: I. Development of a whole-body physiologically based model to characterise changes in pharmacokinetics across a homologous series of barbiturates in the rat. J Pharmacokinet Biopharm 1997; 25: 277-312
9. Upton RN, Huang YF. The influence of cardiac output, injection time and injection volume on the initial mixing of drugs with venous blood after i.v. bolus administration to sheep. Br J Anaesth 1993; 70: 333-8
10. Upton RN. A model of the first pass passage of drugs from their intravenous injection site to the heart - parameter estimates for lignocaine in the sheep. Br J Anaesth 1996; 77: 764-72
11. Upton RN, Ludbrook GL. A physiological model of the induction of anaesthesia with propofol in sheep. I. Structure and estimation of parameters. Br J Anaesth 1997; 79: 497-504
12. Ludbrook GL, Upton RN. A physiological model of the induction of anaesthesia with propofol in sheep. 2. Model analysis. Br J Anaesth 1997; 79: 505-13
13. Upton RN, Grant C, Ludbrook GL. An ultrasonic Doppler venous outflow method for the continuous measurement of cerebral blood flow in conscious sheep. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 1994; 14: 680-8
14. Huang YF, Upton RN, Zheng D, McLean C, Gray EC, Grant C. The enantiomer specific kinetics and dynamics of verapamil after rapid intravenous administration to sheep - Physiological analysis and modelling. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 1998; 284: 1048-57
15. Wagner JG. Phormocokinetics for the Pharmaceutical Scientist. Lancaster: Technomic Publishing Co., 1993; 293-8
16. Lassen NA, Perl W. Tracer Kinetic Methods in Medical Physiology. New York: Raven Press, 1979
17. Ludbrook GL, Grant C, Upton RN, Penhall C. A method for frequent measurement of sedation and analgesia in sheep using the response to a ramped electrical stimulus. J Pharmacol Toxicol Methods 1995; 33: 17-22
18. Runciman WB, Mather LE, Selby DG. Cardiovascular effects of propofol and of thiopentone anaesthesia in sheep. Br J Anaesth 1990; 65: 353-9
19. Huang YF, Upton RN, Gray EC, Grant C, Zheng D, Ludbrook GL. The effects of short intravenous infusions of thiopentone on myocardial function, blood flow and oxygen consumption in conscious sheep. Anaesth Intensive Care 1997; 25: 627-33
20. Roerig DL, Kotrly KJ, Dawson CA, Ahlf SB, Gualtieri JF, Kampine JP. First-pass uptake of verapamil, diazepam, and thiopental in the human lung. Anesth Analg 1989; 69: 461-6
21. Upton RN, Huang YF, Grant C, Gray EC, Ludbrook GL. The myocardial pharmacokinetics of thiopental in sheep after short-term administration - relationship to thiopental induced reductions in myocardial contractility. J Pharm Sci 1996; 85: 863-7
22. Mather LE, Upton RN, Huang JL, Ludbrook GL, Gray E, Grant C. The systemic and cerebral effects of thiopentone in sheep: Enantiomeric analysis. J Phormocol Exp Ther 1996; 279: 291-7
23. Upton RN, Runciman WB, Mather LE, Carapetis RJ, McLean CF. The uptake and elution of lignocaine and procainamide in the hindquarters of the sheep described using mass balance principles. J Pharmacokinet Biopharm 1988; 16: 31-40
24. Ludbrook GL, Upton RN, Grant C, Gray EC. Relationships between blood and brain concentrations of propofol and cerebral effects after rapid intravenous injection in sheep. Anaesth Intensive Care 1996; 24: 445-52
25. Stokes DN, Hutton P. Rate-dependent induction phenomena with propofol: Implications for the relative potency of intravenous anaesthetics. Br J Anaesth 1991; 72: 578-83
26. Ludbrook GL, Upton RN, Grant C, Gray EC. The cerebral effects of propofol following bolus administration in sheep. Anaesth Intensive Care 1996; 24: 26-31
27. Wada DR, Ward DS. The hybrid model: a new pharmacokinetic model for computer-controlled infusion pumps. IEEE Trans Biomed Eng 1994; 41: 134-42
28. Krejcie TC, Henthorn TK, Shanks CA, Avram MJ. A recirculatory pharmacokinetic model describing the circulatory mixing, tissue distribution and elimination of antipyrine in the dog. J Phormacol Exp Ther 1994; 269: 609-16
29. Stanski DR, Hudson RJ, Homer TD, Saidman LJ, Meathe E. Pharmacodynamic modelling of thiopentone anaesthesia. J Pharmacokinet Biopharm 1984; 12: 223-40
30. Saidman LJ, Eger EI. The effect of thiopentone metabolism on duration of anesthesia. Anesthesiology 1966; 27: 118-26
31. Maitre PO, Buhrer M, Shafer SL, Stanski DR. Estimating the rate of thiopentone blood-brain equilibration using pseudo steady state serum concentrations. J Pharmacokinet Biopharm 1990; 18: 175-87
32. Ebling WF, Danhof M, Stanski DR. Pharmacodynamic characterisation of the electroencephalgraphic effects of thiopentone in rats. J Pharmacokinet Biopharm 1991; 19: 123-43
33. Peacock JE, Blackburn A, Sherry KM, Reily CS. Arterial and jugular venous bulb blood propofol concentrations during induction of anesthesia. Anesth Analg 1995; 80: 1002-6
34. Billard V, Gambus PL, Chamoun N, Stanski DR, Shafer SL. A comparison of spectral edge, delta power, and bispectral index as EEG measures of alfentanil, propofol, and midazolam. Clin Pharmacol Ther 1997; 61: 45-58
35. Schuttler J, Schwilden H, Stoeckel H. Pharmacokinetic-dynamic modelling of Diprivan. Anesthesiology 1986; 65: A549
36. Seltzer JL, Gerson JI, Allen FB. Comparison of the cardiovascular effects of bolus v. incremental administration of thiopentone. Br J Anaesth 1980; 52: 527-9
37. Zheng D, Upton RN, Martinez AM, Grant C, Ludbrook GL. The influence of bolus injection rate of propofol on its cardiovascular effects and peak blood concentrations in sheep. Anesth Analg 1998; 86: 1109-15
38. Ben-Shlomo I, Tverskoy M, Fleyshman G, Cherniavsky G. Hypnotic effect of i.v. propofol is enhanced by i.v. administration of either lignocaine or bupivacaine. Br J Anaesth 1997; 78: 375-7
39. Smith C, McEwan Al, Jhaveri R, et al. The interaction of fentanyl on the Cp50 of propofol for loss of consciousness and skin incision. Anesthesiology 1994; 81: 820-8
40. Wada DR, Bjorkman S, Ebling WF, Harashima H, Harapat SR, Stanski DR. Computer simulation of the effects of alterations in blood flows and body composition on thiopental pharmacokinetics in humans. Anesthesiology 1997; 87: 884-99
41. Guyton AC, Jones CE, Coleman TG. Cardiac Output and its Regulation, 2nd Edn. Philadelphia: WB Saunders Company, 1973
42. Christensen JH, Andreasen F, Jansen JA. Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of thiopentone. Anaesthesia 1982; 37: 398-404