메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 67, Issue 5, 1999, Pages 2482-2490

In vivo analysis of secreted aspartyl proteinase expression in human oral candidiasis

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ASPARTIC PROTEINASE; MESSENGER RNA; VIRULENCE FACTOR;

EID: 0032900510     PISSN: 00199567     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1128/iai.67.5.2482-2490.1999     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (168)

References (55)
  • 5
    • 0023950780 scopus 로고
    • Production and characterization of monoclonal antibodies against secretory proteinase of Candida albicans CBS 2730
    • Borg, M., D. Watters, B. Reich, and R. Rüchel. 1988. Production and characterization of monoclonal antibodies against secretory proteinase of Candida albicans CBS 2730. Zentbl. Bakteriol. Mikrobiol. Hyg. Ser. A 268:62-73.
    • (1988) Zentbl. Bakteriol. Mikrobiol. Hyg. Ser. A , vol.268 , pp. 62-73
    • Borg, M.1    Watters, D.2    Reich, B.3    Rüchel, R.4
  • 6
    • 0031971193 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The expression of the secreted aspartyl proteinases Sap4 to Sap6 from Candida albicans in murine macrophages
    • Borg-von Zepelin, M., S. Beggah, K. Boggian, D. Sanglard, and M. Monod. 1998. The expression of the secreted aspartyl proteinases Sap4 to Sap6 from Candida albicans in murine macrophages. Mol. Microbiol. 28:543-554.
    • (1998) Mol. Microbiol. , vol.28 , pp. 543-554
    • Borg-von Zepelin, M.1    Beggah, S.2    Boggian, K.3    Sanglard, D.4    Monod, M.5
  • 7
    • 0026026404 scopus 로고
    • Candida albicans biotypes in human immunodeficiency virus type 1 -infected patients with oral candidiasis before and after antifungal therapy
    • Bruatto, M., V. Vidotto, G. Marinuzzi, R. Raiteri, and A. Sinicco. 1991. Candida albicans biotypes in human immunodeficiency virus type 1 -infected patients with oral candidiasis before and after antifungal therapy. J. Clin. Microbiol. 29:726-730.
    • (1991) J. Clin. Microbiol. , vol.29 , pp. 726-730
    • Bruatto, M.1    Vidotto, V.2    Marinuzzi, G.3    Raiteri, R.4    Sinicco, A.5
  • 8
    • 0029060899 scopus 로고
    • Rats clearing a vaginal infection by Candida albicans acquire specific, antibody-mediated resistance to vaginal reinfection
    • Cassone, A., M. Boccanera, D. Adriani, G. Santoni, and F. De Bernardis. 1995. Rats clearing a vaginal infection by Candida albicans acquire specific, antibody-mediated resistance to vaginal reinfection. Infect. Immun. 63:2619-2624.
    • (1995) Infect. Immun. , vol.63 , pp. 2619-2624
    • Cassone, A.1    Boccanera, M.2    Adriani, D.3    Santoni, G.4    De Bernardis, F.5
  • 10
    • 0028335843 scopus 로고
    • A 9.0-kilobase-pair circular plasmid of Borrelia burgdorferi encodes an exported protein: Evidence for expression only during infection
    • Champion, C. I., D. R. Blanco, J. T. Skare, D. A. Haake, M. Giladi, D. Foley, J. N. Miller, and J. A. Lovett. 1994. A 9.0-kilobase-pair circular plasmid of Borrelia burgdorferi encodes an exported protein: evidence for expression only during infection. Infect. Immun. 62:2653-2661.
    • (1994) Infect. Immun. , vol.62 , pp. 2653-2661
    • Champion, C.I.1    Blanco, D.R.2    Skare, J.T.3    Haake, D.A.4    Giladi, M.5    Foley, D.6    Miller, J.N.7    Lovett, J.A.8
  • 11
    • 0023277545 scopus 로고
    • Single-step method of RNA isolation by acid guanidinium thiocyanate-phenol-chloroform extraction
    • Chomczynski, P., and N. Sacchi. 1987. Single-step method of RNA isolation by acid guanidinium thiocyanate-phenol-chloroform extraction. Anal. Biochem. 162:156-159.
    • (1987) Anal. Biochem. , vol.162 , pp. 156-159
    • Chomczynski, P.1    Sacchi, N.2
  • 12
    • 0027941365 scopus 로고
    • A simple procedure for optimising the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using modified Taguchi methods
    • Cobb, B. D., and J. M. Clarkson. 1994. A simple procedure for optimising the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using modified Taguchi methods. Nucleic Acids Res. 22:3801-3805.
    • (1994) Nucleic Acids Res. , vol.22 , pp. 3801-3805
    • Cobb, B.D.1    Clarkson, J.M.2
  • 13
    • 0029961316 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evidence for degradation of gastrointestinal mucin by Candida albicans secretory aspartyl proteinase
    • Colina, A. R., F. Aumont, N. Deslauriers, P. Belhumeur, and L. de Repentigny. 1996. Evidence for degradation of gastrointestinal mucin by Candida albicans secretory aspartyl proteinase. Infect. Immun. 64:4514-4519.
    • (1996) Infect. Immun. , vol.64 , pp. 4514-4519
    • Colina, A.R.1    Aumont, F.2    Deslauriers, N.3    Belhumeur, P.4    De Repentigny, L.5
  • 14
    • 0028013039 scopus 로고
    • Immunoglobulin a (IgA), IgA1, and IgA2 antibodies to Candida albicans in whole and parotid saliva in human immunodeficiency virus infection and AIDS
    • Coogan, M. M., S. P. Sweet, and S. J. Challacombe. 1994. Immunoglobulin A (IgA), IgA1, and IgA2 antibodies to Candida albicans in whole and parotid saliva in human immunodeficiency virus infection and AIDS. Infect. Immun. 62:892-896.
    • (1994) Infect. Immun. , vol.62 , pp. 892-896
    • Coogan, M.M.1    Sweet, S.P.2    Challacombe, S.J.3
  • 15
    • 0025989934 scopus 로고
    • Putative virulence factors of Candida albicans
    • Cutler, J. E. 1991. Putative virulence factors of Candida albicans. Annu. Rev. Microbiol. 45:187-218.
    • (1991) Annu. Rev. Microbiol. , vol.45 , pp. 187-218
    • Cutler, J.E.1
  • 16
    • 0004790502 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evidence that members of the secretory aspartyl proteinases gene family (SAP), in particular SAP2, are virulence factors for Candida vaginitis
    • De Bernardis, F., S. Arancia, L. Murelli, B. Hube, D. Sanglard, W. Schäfer, and A. Cassone. 1999. Evidence that members of the secretory aspartyl proteinases gene family (SAP), in particular SAP2, are virulence factors for Candida vaginitis. J. Infect. Dis. 179:201-208.
    • (1999) J. Infect. Dis. , vol.179 , pp. 201-208
    • De Bernardis, F.1    Arancia, S.2    Murelli, L.3    Hube, B.4    Sanglard, D.5    Schäfer, W.6    Cassone, A.7
  • 17
    • 0028952695 scopus 로고
    • Expression of Candida albicans SAP1 and SAP2 in experimental vaginitis
    • De Bernardis, F., A. Cassone, J. Sturtevant, and R. Calderone. 1995. Expression of Candida albicans SAP1 and SAP2 in experimental vaginitis. Infect. Immun. 63:1887-1892.
    • (1995) Infect. Immun. , vol.63 , pp. 1887-1892
    • De Bernardis, F.1    Cassone, A.2    Sturtevant, J.3    Calderone, R.4
  • 18
    • 0030031314 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Elevated aspartic proteinase secretion and experimental pathogenicity of Candida albicans isolates from oral cavities of subjects infected with human immunodeficiency virus
    • De Bernardis, F., P. Chiani, M. Ciccozzi, G. Pellegrini, T. Ceddia, G. D'Offizzi, I. Quinti, P. A. Sullivan, and A. Cassone. 1996. Elevated aspartic proteinase secretion and experimental pathogenicity of Candida albicans isolates from oral cavities of subjects infected with human immunodeficiency virus. Infect. Immun. 64:466-471.
    • (1996) Infect. Immun. , vol.64 , pp. 466-471
    • De Bernardis, F.1    Chiani, P.2    Ciccozzi, M.3    Pellegrini, G.4    Ceddia, T.5    D'Offizzi, G.6    Quinti, I.7    Sullivan, P.A.8    Cassone, A.9
  • 19
    • 2642632760 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The pH of the host niche controls gene expression in and virulence of Candida albicans
    • De Bernardis, F., F. A. Muhlschlegel, A. Cassone, and W. A. Fonzi. 1998. The pH of the host niche controls gene expression in and virulence of Candida albicans. Infect Immun. 66:3317-3325.
    • (1998) Infect Immun. , vol.66 , pp. 3317-3325
    • De Bernardis, F.1    Muhlschlegel, F.A.2    Cassone, A.3    Fonzi, W.A.4
  • 21
    • 0027431139 scopus 로고
    • Genetic similarity and phenotypic diversity of commensal and pathogenic strains of Candida albicans isolated from the oral cavity
    • Hellstein, J., H. Vawter-Hugart, P. Fotos, J. Schmid, and D. R. Soll. 1993. Genetic similarity and phenotypic diversity of commensal and pathogenic strains of Candida albicans isolated from the oral cavity. J. Clin. Microbiol. 31:3190-3199.
    • (1993) J. Clin. Microbiol. , vol.31 , pp. 3190-3199
    • Hellstein, J.1    Vawter-Hugart, H.2    Fotos, P.3    Schmid, J.4    Soll, D.R.5
  • 22
    • 0030310227 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Candida albicans secreted aspartyl proteinases
    • Hube, B. 1996. Candida albicans secreted aspartyl proteinases. Curr. Top. Med. Mycol. 7:55-69.
    • (1996) Curr. Top. Med. Mycol. , vol.7 , pp. 55-69
    • Hube, B.1
  • 23
    • 0027940569 scopus 로고
    • Expression of seven members of the gene family encoding secretory aspartyl proteinases in Candida albicans
    • Hube, B., M. Monod, D. A. Schofield, A. J. P. Brown, and N. A. R. Gow. 1994. Expression of seven members of the gene family encoding secretory aspartyl proteinases in Candida albicans. Mol. Microbiol. 14:87-99.
    • (1994) Mol. Microbiol. , vol.14 , pp. 87-99
    • Hube, B.1    Monod, M.2    Schofield, D.A.3    Brown, A.J.P.4    Gow, N.A.R.5
  • 24
    • 0030884478 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Disruption of each of the secreted aspartyl proteinase genes SAP1, SAP2, and SAP3 of Candida albicans attenuates virulence
    • Hube, B., D. Sanglard, F. C. Odds, D. Hess, M. Monod, W. Schafer, A. J. Brown, and N. A. Gow. 1997. Disruption of each of the secreted aspartyl proteinase genes SAP1, SAP2, and SAP3 of Candida albicans attenuates virulence. Infect. Immun. 65:3529-3538.
    • (1997) Infect. Immun. , vol.65 , pp. 3529-3538
    • Hube, B.1    Sanglard, D.2    Odds, F.C.3    Hess, D.4    Monod, M.5    Schafer, W.6    Brown, A.J.7    Gow, N.A.8
  • 26
    • 0029589282 scopus 로고
    • Involvement of Candida albicans cell wall proteins in the adherence of blastospores to human buccal epithelial cells
    • Imbert-Bernard, C., A. Valentin, and M. Mallie. 1995. Involvement of Candida albicans cell wall proteins in the adherence of blastospores to human buccal epithelial cells. Exp. Mycol. 19:247-253.
    • (1995) Exp. Mycol. , vol.19 , pp. 247-253
    • Imbert-Bernard, C.1    Valentin, A.2    Mallie, M.3
  • 28
    • 0014054260 scopus 로고
    • Oral candidosis
    • Lehner, T. 1967. Oral candidosis. Dent. Pract. 17:209-216.
    • (1967) Dent. Pract. , vol.17 , pp. 209-216
    • Lehner, T.1
  • 29
    • 0024306079 scopus 로고
    • Sequence of the Candida albicans gene encoding actin
    • Losberger, C., and J. F. Ernst. 1989. Sequence of the Candida albicans gene encoding actin. Nucleic Acids Res. 17:9488.
    • (1989) Nucleic Acids Res. , vol.17 , pp. 9488
    • Losberger, C.1    Ernst, J.F.2
  • 30
    • 0027372170 scopus 로고
    • Nucleotide sequence analysis of the 5.8S rDNA and adjacent ITS2 region of Candida albicans and related species
    • Lott, T. J., R. J. Kuykendall, and E. Reiss. 1993. Nucleotide sequence analysis of the 5.8S rDNA and adjacent ITS2 region of Candida albicans and related species. Yeast 9:1199-1206.
    • (1993) Yeast , vol.9 , pp. 1199-1206
    • Lott, T.J.1    Kuykendall, R.J.2    Reiss, E.3
  • 31
    • 0028341390 scopus 로고
    • Genotype and phenotype of oral Candida albicans from patients infected with the human immunodeficiency virus
    • McCullough, M. J, B. C. Ross, B. D. Dwyer, and P. C. Reade. 1994. Genotype and phenotype of oral Candida albicans from patients infected with the human immunodeficiency virus. Microbiology 140:1195-1202.
    • (1994) Microbiology , vol.140 , pp. 1195-1202
    • McCullough, M.J.1    Ross, B.C.2    Dwyer, B.D.3    Reade, P.C.4
  • 32
    • 0028345371 scopus 로고
    • A fourth secreted aspartyl proteinase gene (SAP4) and a CARE2 repetitive element are located upstream of the SAP1 gene in Candida albicans
    • Miyasaki, S. H., T. C. White, and N. Agabian. 1994. A fourth secreted aspartyl proteinase gene (SAP4) and a CARE2 repetitive element are located upstream of the SAP1 gene in Candida albicans. J. Bacteriol. 176:1702-1710.
    • (1994) J. Bacteriol. , vol.176 , pp. 1702-1710
    • Miyasaki, S.H.1    White, T.C.2    Agabian, N.3
  • 33
    • 0031765521 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Differential regulation of SAP8 and SAP9, which encode two new members of the secreted aspartic proteinase family in Candida albicans
    • Monod, M., B. Hube, D. Hess, and D. Sanglard. 1998. Differential regulation of SAP8 and SAP9, which encode two new members of the secreted aspartic proteinase family in Candida albicans. Microbiology 144:2731-2737.
    • (1998) Microbiology , vol.144 , pp. 2731-2737
    • Monod, M.1    Hube, B.2    Hess, D.3    Sanglard, D.4
  • 34
    • 0028233073 scopus 로고
    • Multiplicity of genes encoding secreted aspartic proteinases in Candida species
    • Monod, M., G. Togni, B. Hube, and D. Sanglard. 1994. Multiplicity of genes encoding secreted aspartic proteinases in Candida species. Mol. Microbiol. 13:357-368.
    • (1994) Mol. Microbiol. , vol.13 , pp. 357-368
    • Monod, M.1    Togni, G.2    Hube, B.3    Sanglard, D.4
  • 35
    • 84907125362 scopus 로고
    • Regulation of phase-specific genes in the more general switching system of Candida albicans strain 3153A
    • Morrow, B., H. Ramsey, and D. R. Soil. 1994. Regulation of phase-specific genes in the more general switching system of Candida albicans strain 3153A. J. Med. Vet. Mycol. 32:287-294.
    • (1994) J. Med. Vet. Mycol. , vol.32 , pp. 287-294
    • Morrow, B.1    Ramsey, H.2    Soil, D.R.3
  • 36
    • 0026749939 scopus 로고
    • Transcription of the gene for a pepsinogen, PEP1, is regulated by white-opaque switching in Candida albicans
    • Morrow, B., T. Srikantha, and D. R. Soll. 1992. Transcription of the gene for a pepsinogen, PEP1, is regulated by white-opaque switching in Candida albicans. Mol. Cell. Biol. 12:2997-3005.
    • (1992) Mol. Cell. Biol. , vol.12 , pp. 2997-3005
    • Morrow, B.1    Srikantha, T.2    Soll, D.R.3
  • 37
    • 0030710147 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • KEX2 influences Candida albicans proteinase secretion and hyphal formation
    • Newport, G., and N. Agabian. 1997. KEX2 influences Candida albicans proteinase secretion and hyphal formation. J. Biol. Chem. 272:28954-28961.
    • (1997) J. Biol. Chem. , vol.272 , pp. 28954-28961
    • Newport, G.1    Agabian, N.2
  • 38
  • 39
    • 0028002452 scopus 로고
    • Candida species and virulence
    • Odds, F. C. 1994. Candida species and virulence. ASM News 60:313-318.
    • (1994) ASM News , vol.60 , pp. 313-318
    • Odds, F.C.1
  • 40
    • 0029122456 scopus 로고
    • Increased expression of Candida albicans secretory proteinase, a putative virulence factor, in isolates from human immunodeficiency virus-positive patients
    • Ollert, M. W., C. Wende, M. Gorlich, C. G. McMullan-Vogel, M. Berg-von Zepelin, C. W. Vogel, and H. C. Korting. 1995. Increased expression of Candida albicans secretory proteinase, a putative virulence factor, in isolates from human immunodeficiency virus-positive patients. J. Clin. Microbiol. 33: 2543-2549.
    • (1995) J. Clin. Microbiol. , vol.33 , pp. 2543-2549
    • Ollert, M.W.1    Wende, C.2    Gorlich, M.3    McMullan-Vogel, C.G.4    Berg-von Zepelin, M.5    Vogel, C.W.6    Korting, H.C.7
  • 41
    • 0021198940 scopus 로고
    • A variety of Candida proteinases and their possible targets of proteolytic attack in the host
    • Rüchel, R. 1984. A variety of Candida proteinases and their possible targets of proteolytic attack in the host. Zentbl. Bakteriol. Hyg. A 257:266-274.
    • (1984) Zentbl. Bakteriol. Hyg. A , vol.257 , pp. 266-274
    • Rüchel, R.1
  • 43
    • 0020052669 scopus 로고
    • Evidence for mannose-mediated adherence of Candida albicans to human buccal cells in vitro
    • Sandin, R. L., A. L. Rogers, R. J. Patterson, and E. S. Beneke. 1982. Evidence for mannose-mediated adherence of Candida albicans to human buccal cells in vitro. Infect. Immun. 35:79-85.
    • (1982) Infect. Immun. , vol.35 , pp. 79-85
    • Sandin, R.L.1    Rogers, A.L.2    Patterson, R.J.3    Beneke, E.S.4
  • 44
    • 0030884697 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A triple deletion of the secreted aspartyl proteinase genes SAP4, SAP5, and SAP6 of Candida albicans causes attenuated virulence
    • Sanglard, D., B. Hube, M. Monod, F. C. Odds, and N. A. Gow. 1997. A triple deletion of the secreted aspartyl proteinase genes SAP4, SAP5, and SAP6 of Candida albicans causes attenuated virulence. Infect. Immun. 65:3539-3546.
    • (1997) Infect. Immun. , vol.65 , pp. 3539-3546
    • Sanglard, D.1    Hube, B.2    Monod, M.3    Odds, F.C.4    Gow, N.A.5
  • 45
    • 0031875677 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Differential expression of secreted aspartyl proteinases in a model of human oral candidosis and in patient samples from the oral cavity
    • Schaller, M., W. Schäfer, H. C. Korting, and B. Hube. 1998. Differential expression of secreted aspartyl proteinases in a model of human oral candidosis and in patient samples from the oral cavity. Mol. Microbiol. 29: 605-615.
    • (1998) Mol. Microbiol. , vol.29 , pp. 605-615
    • Schaller, M.1    Schäfer, W.2    Korting, H.C.3    Hube, B.4
  • 46
    • 0031049493 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Analysis of secreted aspartic proteinases from Candida albicans: Purification and characterization of individual Sap1, Sap2 and Sap3 isoenzymes
    • Smolenski, G., P. A. Sullivan, S. M. Cutfield, and J. F. Cutfield. 1997. Analysis of secreted aspartic proteinases from Candida albicans: purification and characterization of individual Sap1, Sap2 and Sap3 isoenzymes. Microbiology 143:349-356.
    • (1997) Microbiology , vol.143 , pp. 349-356
    • Smolenski, G.1    Sullivan, P.A.2    Cutfield, S.M.3    Cutfield, J.F.4
  • 47
    • 0030924566 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ultrastructural localization of the secretory aspartyl proteinase in Candida albicans cell wall in vitro and in experimentally infected rat vagina
    • Stringaro, A., P. Crateri, G. Pellegrini, G. Arancia, A. Cassone, and F. De Bernardis. 1997. Ultrastructural localization of the secretory aspartyl proteinase in Candida albicans cell wall in vitro and in experimentally infected rat vagina. Mycopathologia 137:95-105.
    • (1997) Mycopathologia , vol.137 , pp. 95-105
    • Stringaro, A.1    Crateri, P.2    Pellegrini, G.3    Arancia, G.4    Cassone, A.5    De Bernardis, F.6
  • 48
    • 0030979162 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Selection and pathogenicity of Candida albicans in HIV infection
    • Sweet, S. P. 1997. Selection and pathogenicity of Candida albicans in HIV infection. Oral Dis. 3:S88-S95.
    • (1997) Oral Dis. , vol.3
    • Sweet, S.P.1
  • 49
    • 0028876030 scopus 로고
    • Candida albicans isolates from HIV-infected and AIDS patients exhibit enhanced adherence to epithelial cells
    • Sweet, S. P., S. Cookson, and S. J. Challacombe. 1995. Candida albicans isolates from HIV-infected and AIDS patients exhibit enhanced adherence to epithelial cells. J. Med. Microbiol. 43:452-457.
    • (1995) J. Med. Microbiol. , vol.43 , pp. 452-457
    • Sweet, S.P.1    Cookson, S.2    Challacombe, S.J.3
  • 50
    • 0029920879 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Acid proteinase secreted by Candida tropicalis: Functional analysis of preproregion cleavages in C. tropicalis and Saccharomyces cerevisiae
    • Togni, G., D. Sanglard, M. Quadroni, S. I. Foundling, and M. Monod. 1996. Acid proteinase secreted by Candida tropicalis: functional analysis of preproregion cleavages in C. tropicalis and Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Microbiology 142:493-503.
    • (1996) Microbiology , vol.142 , pp. 493-503
    • Togni, G.1    Sanglard, D.2    Quadroni, M.3    Foundling, S.I.4    Monod, M.5
  • 51
    • 0032007999 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Altered adherence in strains of Candida albicans harbouring null mutations in secreted aspartic proteinase genes
    • Watts, H. J., F. S. Cheah, B. Hube, D. Sanglard, and N. A. R. Gow. 1998. Altered adherence in strains of Candida albicans harbouring null mutations in secreted aspartic proteinase genes. FEMS Microbiol. Lett. 159:129-135.
    • (1998) FEMS Microbiol. Lett. , vol.159 , pp. 129-135
    • Watts, H.J.1    Cheah, F.S.2    Hube, B.3    Sanglard, D.4    Gow, N.A.R.5
  • 52
    • 0029128928 scopus 로고
    • Candida albicans secreted aspartyl proteinases: Isoenzyme pattern is determined by cell type, and levels are determined by environmental factors
    • White, T. C., and N. Agabian. 1995. Candida albicans secreted aspartyl proteinases: isoenzyme pattern is determined by cell type, and levels are determined by environmental factors. J. Bacteriol. 177:5215-5221.
    • (1995) J. Bacteriol. , vol.177 , pp. 5215-5221
    • White, T.C.1    Agabian, N.2
  • 53
    • 0027441173 scopus 로고
    • Three distinct secreted aspartyl proteinases in Candida albicans
    • White, T. C., S. H. Miyasaki, and N. Agabian. 1993. Three distinct secreted aspartyl proteinases in Candida albicans. J. Bacteriol. 175:2997-3005.
    • (1993) J. Bacteriol. , vol.175 , pp. 2997-3005
    • White, T.C.1    Miyasaki, S.H.2    Agabian, N.3
  • 54
    • 0000432452 scopus 로고
    • Amplification and direct sequencing of fungal ribosomal RNA genes for phylogenetics
    • M. A. Innis, D. H. Gelfand, J. J. Sninsky, and T. J. White (ed.), Academic Press, Inc., New York, N.Y
    • White, T. J., T. Bruns, S. Lee, and J. Taylor. 1990. Amplification and direct sequencing of fungal ribosomal RNA genes for phylogenetics, p. 315-322. In M. A. Innis, D. H. Gelfand, J. J. Sninsky, and T. J. White (ed.), PCR protocols: a guide to methods and applications. Academic Press, Inc., New York, N.Y.
    • (1990) PCR Protocols: A Guide to Methods and Applications , pp. 315-322
    • White, T.J.1    Bruns, T.2    Lee, S.3    Taylor, J.4


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.