Itch in atopic dermatitis: The role of histamine and other mediators and the failure of antihistamine therapy

Dermatologic Therapy

Volumn 1, Issue , 1996, Pages 75-82

  Hägermark, Östen ^a   Wahlgren, Carl Fredrik ^a  

^a NONE

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 0007728405     PISSN: 13960296     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: None     Document Type: Article

References (95)

1. Hafenreffer S. Nosodochium, in quo cutis, eique adhœrentium partium, affectus omnes, singulari methodo, et cognoscendi et curandi fidelissime traduntur. Ulm: Kühn, B, 1660: 98-102.
2. Hägermark Ö. Peripheral and central mediators of itch. Skin Pharmacol 1992: 5: 1-8.
3. Hägermark Ö. Itch mediators. Semin Dermatol 1995: 14: 271-276.
4. Dale HH, Laidlaw PP. The physiologic action of β-imidazolylethylamine. J Physiol (Lond) 1910: 41: 227-237.
5. Lewis T. The blood vessels of the human skin and their responses. London: Shaw & Sons, 1927.
6. Riley JF. The presence of histamine in tissue mast cells. J Physiol (Lond) 1953: 120: 528-537.
7. Riley JF. The effects of histamine-liberators on the mast cells of the rat. J Pathol Bacteriol 1953: 65: 471-479.
8. Torebjörk HE, Ochoa JL. Pain and itch from C fiber stimulation [abstract]. Soc Neurosci Abstr 1981: 7: 228.
9. Tuckett RP. Itch evoked by electrical stimulation of the skin. J Invest Dermatol 1982: 79: 368-373.
10. Handwerker HO, Magerl W, Klemm F, Lang E, Westerman RA. Quantitative evaluation of itch sensation. In: Schmidt RF, Schaible HG, Vahle-Hinz C, ed. Fine afferent nerve fibers and pain. Weinheim: VCH, 1987: 461-473.
11. Bishop GH. The skin as an organ of senses with special reference to the itching sensation. J Invest Dermatol 1948: 11: 143-154.
12. Arthur RP, Shelley WB. The innervation of human epidermis. J Invest Dermatol 1959: 32: 397-411.
13. Cauna N. The free penicillate nerve endings of the human hairy skin. J Anat 1973: 115: 277-288.
14. Melzack R, Wall PD. Pain mechanisms: a new theory. Science 1965: 150: 971-979.
15. Bickford RG. Experiments relating to the itch sensation, its peripheral mechanism, and central pathways. Clin Sci 1937-1938: 3: 377-386.
16. LaMotte RH. Psychophysical and neurophysiologic studies of chemically induced cutaneous pain and itch. Progr Brain Res 1988: 74: 331-335.
17. Wahlgren CF, Hägermark Ö, Bergström R. Patients' perception of itch induced by histamine, compound 48/80 and wool fibres in atopic dermatitis. Acta Derm Venereol (Stockh) 1991: 71: 488-494.
18. Heyer G, Ulmer FJ, Schmitz J, Handwerker HO. Histamine-induced itch and alloknesis (itchy skin) in atopic eczema patients and controls. Acta Derm Venereol (Stockh) 1995: 75: 348-352.
19. Czarnetzki BM. Urticaria. Berlin: Springer-Verlag, 1986.
20. Hägermark Ö, Strandberg K, Grönneberg R. Effects of histamine receptor antagonists on histamine-induced responses in human skin. Acta Derm Venereol (Stockh) 1979: 59: 297-300.
21. Owen DAA. H1- and H2-receptor antagonists. In: Greaves MW, Shuster S, ed. Pharmacology of the skin II. Berlin: Springer-Verlag, 1989: 227-237.
22. Johnson HH, DeOreo GA, Lascheid WP, Mitchell F. Skin histamine levels in chronic atopic dermatitis. J Invest Dermatol 1960: 34: 237-238.
23. Juhlin L. Localization and content of histamine in normal and diseased skin. Acta Derm Venereol (Stockh) 1967: 47: 383-391.
24. Mihm MC, Soter NA, Dvorak HF, Austen KF. The structure of normal skin and the morphology of atopic eczema. J Invest Dermatol 1976: 67: 305-312.
25. Ring J. Increased vasoactive mediator releasability: a possible pathogenetic of atopic dermatitis. Int Arch Allergy Appl Immunol 1981: 66 (suppl 144): 156-158.
26. Ring J, Thomas P. Histamine and atopic eczema. Acta Derm Venereol (Stockh) 1989 (suppl 144): 70-77.
27. Rothman S. Physiology of itching. Psychol Rev 1941: 21: 357-381.
28. Arthur RP, Shelley WB. The role of proteolytic enzymes in the production of pruritus in man. J Invest Dermatol 1955: 25: 341-346.
29. Cormia FE, Kuykendall V. Experimental histamine pruritus II. Nature: physical and environmental factors influencing development and severity. J Invest Dermatol 1953: 20: 429-446.
30. Ståhle-Bäckdahl M, Hägermark Ö, Lins LE. The sensitivity of uremic and normal human skin to histamine. Acta Derm Venereol (Stockh) 1988: 68: 230-235.
31. Frosch PJ, Schwanitz HJ, Macher E. A double blind trial of H1 and H2 receptor antagonists in the treatment of atopic dermatitis. Arch Dermatol Res 1984: 276: 36-40.
32. Savin JA, Dow R, Harlow BJ, Massey H, Yee KF. The effect of a new non-sedative H1-receptor antagonist (LN2974) on the itching and scratching of patients with atopic eczema. Clin Exp Dermatol 1986: 11: 600-602.
33. Berth-Jones J, Graham-Brown RAC. Failure of terfenadine in relieving the pruritus of atopic dermatitis. Br J Dermatol 1989: 121: 635-637.
34. Wahlgren CF, Hägermark Ö, Bergström R. The antipruritic effect of a sedative and a non-sedative antihistamine in atopic dermatitis. Br J Dermatol 1990: 122: 545-551.
35. Krause L, Shuster S. Mechanism of action of antipruritic drugs. Br Med J 1983: 287: 1199-1200.
36. Doherty V, Sylvester DGH, Kennedy CTC, Harvey SG, Calthrop JG, Gibson JR. Treatment of itching in atopic eczema with antihistamines with a low sedative profile. Br Med J 1989: 298: 96.
37. Monroe EW. Relative efficacy and safety of loratadine, hydroxyzine, and placebo in chronic idiopathic urticaria and atopic dermatitis. Clin Ther 1992: 14: 17-21.
38. Hannuksela M, Kalimo K, Lammintausta K et al. Dose-ranging study: cetirizine in the treatment of atopic dermatitis in adults. Ann Allergy 1993: 70: 127-133.
39. Langeland T, Fagertun HE, Larsen S. Therapeutic effect of loratadine on pruritus in patients with atopic dermatitis. Allergy 1994: 49: 22-26.
40. La Rosa M, Ranno C, Musarra I, Guglielmo F, Corrias A, Bellanti JA. Double-blind study of cetirizine in atopic eczema in children. Ann Allergy 1994: 73: 117-122.
41. Simons FER. The antiallergic effects of antihistamines (H1-receptor antagonists). J Allergy Clin Immunol 1992: 90: 705-715.
42. Hägermark Ö, Wahlgren C, Giös I. Inhibitory effect of loratadine and clemastine on histamine release in human skin. Skin Pharmacol 1992: 5: 93-98.
43. Marone G. Control mechanisms of mediator release in human basophils and mast cells. Immunol Invest 1988: 17: 704-745.
44. Lemanske Jr RF, Kaliner M. Mast cell-dependent late phase reactions. Clin Immunol Rev 1981-1982: 1: 547-580.
45. Walsh LJ, Trinchieri G, Waldorf HA, Whitaker D, Murphy GF. Human dermal mast cells contain and release tumor necrosis factor a, which induces endothelial leukocyte adhesion molecule 1. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1991: 88: 4220-4224.
46. Gordon JR, Burd PR, Galli SJ. Mast cells as a source of multifunctional cytokines. Immunol Today 1990: 11: 458-464.
47. Soter NA, Mihm MC. Morphology of atopic eczema. Acta Derm Venereol (Stockh) 1980: Suppl 92: 11-15.
48. Amon U, Menz U, Wolff HH. Investigations on plasma levels of mast cell mediators in acute atopic dermatitis. J Dermatol Sci 1994: 7: 63-67.
49. Bernstein JE, Whitney DH, Soltani K. Inhibition of histamine-induced pruritus by topical tricyclic antidepressants. J Am Acad Dermatol 1981: 5: 582-585.
50. Drake LA, Fallon JD, Sober A, Group TDS. Relief of pruritus in patients with atopic dermatitis after treatment with topical doxepin cream. J Am Acad Dermatol 1994: 31: 613-616.
51. Anonymous. Doxepin cream for pruritus. Med Lett Drugs Ther 1994: 36: 99-100.
52. Snyder SH. Brain peptides as neurotransmitters. Science 1980: 209: 976-983.
53. Eedy. Neuropeptides in skin. Br J Dermatol 1993: 128: 597-605.
54. Pincelli C, Fantini F, Giannetti A. Neuropeptides and skin inflammation. Dermatology 1993: 187: 153-158.
55. Hägermark Ö, Hökfelt T, Pernow B. Flare and itch induced by substance P in human skin. J Invest Dermatol 1978: 71: 233-235.
56. Fjellner B, Hägermark Ö. Studies on pruritogenic and histamine-releasing effects of some putative peptide neurotransmitters. Acta Derm Venereol (Stockh) 1981: 61: 245-250.
57. Benyon RC, Lowman MA, Church MK. Human skin mast cells: their dispersion, purification and secretory characterization. J Immunol 1987: 88: 682.
58. Foreman JC. Neuropeptides and the pathogenesis of allergy. Allergy 1987: 42: 1-11.
59. Ekblom A, Lundeberg T, Wahlgren C-F. Influence of calcitonin gene-related peptide on histamine- and substance P-induced itch, flare and weal in humans. Skin Pharmacol 1993: 6: 215-222.
60. Chahl LA. Antidromic vasodilatation and neurogenic inflammation. Pharmacol Ther 1988: 37: 275-300.
61. Pincelli C, Fantini F, Massimi P, Girolomoni G, Seidenari S, Gianetti A. Neuropeptides in skin from patients with atopic dermatitis: an immunohistochemical study. Br J Dermatol 1990: 122: 745-750.
62. Giannetti A, Girolomoni G. Skin reactivity to neuropeptides in atopic dermatitis. Br J Dermatol 1989: 121: 681-688.
63. Feldberg W, Paton WDM. Release of histamine from skin and muscle in the cat by opium alkaloids and other histamine liberators. J Physiol (Lond) 1951: 114: 490-509.
64. Casale TB, Bowman S, Kaliner M. Induction of human cutaneous mast cell degranulation by opiates and endogenous opioid peptides: evidence for opiate and nonopiate receptor participation. J Allergy Clin Immunol 1984: 73: 775-781.
65. Fjellner B, Hägermark Ö. Potentiation of histamine-induced itch and flare responses in human skin by the enkephalin analogue FK 33-824, β-endorphin and morphine. Arch Dermatol Res 1982: 274: 29-37.
66. Fjellner B, Hägermark Ö. The influence of the opiate antagonist naloxone on experimental pruritus. Acta Derm Venereol (Stockh) 1984: 64: 73-75.
67. Méhes J. Experimentelle Untersuchungen über den Juckreflex am Tier. Arch Exp Pathol Pharmacol 1938: 188: 650-656.
68. Koenigstein H. Experimental study of itch stimuli in animals. Arch Dermatol Syphilol 1948: 57: 828-849.
69. Ballantyne JC, Loach AB, Carr DB. Itching after epidural and spinal opiates. Pain 1988: 33: 149-160.
70. Scott PV, Fischer HBJ. Spinal opiate analgesia and facial pruritus: a neural theory. Postgrad Med J 1982: 58: 531-535.
71. Bernstein JE, Swift R. Relief of intractable pruritus with naloxone. Arch Dermatol 1979: 115: 1366-1367.
72. Summerfield JA. Pain, itch and endorphins. Br J Dermatol 1981: 105: 725-726.
73. Bergasa NV, Talbot TL, Alling DW, et al. A controlled trial of naloxone infusions for the pruritus of chronic cholestasis. Gastroenterology 1992: 102: 544-549.
74. Thornton JR, S LM. Opioid peptides and primary biliary cirrhosis. Br Med J 1988: 297: 1501-1504.
75. Monroe EW. Efficacy and safety of nalmefene in patients with severe pruritus caused by chronic urticaria and atopic dermatitis. J Am Acad Dermatol 1989: 21: 135-136.
76. Georgala S, Schulpis KH, Papaconstantinou ED, Stratigos J. Raised β-endorphin serum levels in children with atopic dermatitis and pruritus. J Dermatol Sci 1994: 8: 125-128.
77. Glinski W, Brodecka H, Glinska-Ferenz M, Kowalski D. Increased concentration of beta-endorphin in the sera of patients with severe atopic dermatitis. Acta Derm Venereol (Stockh) 1995: 75: 9-11.
78. Przewlocki R, Hassan AHS, Lason W, Epplen C, Herz A, Stein C. Gene expression and localization of opioid peptides in immune cells of inflamed tissue: functional role in antinociception. Neuroscience 1992: 48: 491-500.
79. Hassan AH, Prewlocki R, Herz A, Stein C. Dynorphin, a preferential ligand for κ-opioid receptors, is present in nerve fibers and immune cells within inflamed tissue of the rat. Neurosci Lett 1992: 140: 85-88.
80. Hägermark Ö. Itch and endorphins. In: Ring J, Burg G, ed. New trends in allergy. II. Berlin-Heidelberg: Springer-Verlag, 1986: 128-134.
81. Hanifin JM. Immunologic aspects of atopic dermatitis. Dermatol Clin 1990: 8: 747-750.
82. Cooper KD. Pathogenesis and pharmacology of atopic dermatitis. In: Czernielewski JM, ed. Immunologic and pharmacologic aspects of atopic and contact eczema. Pharmacology and the skin, vol. 4. Basel: Karger, 1991: 119-127.
83. Kapp A. Atopic dermatitis - the skin manifestation of atopy. Clin Exp Allergy 1995: 25: 210-219.
84. Van Joost T, Stolz E, Heule F. Efficacy of low-dose cyclosporine in severe atopic skin disease [letter]. Arch Dermatol 1987: 123: 166-167.
85. Wahlgren CF, Scheynius A, Hägermark Ö. Antipruritic effect of oral cyclosporin A in atopic dermatitis. Acta Derm Venereol (Stockh) 1990: 70: 323-329.
86. Ross JS, Camp RDR. Cyclosporin A in atopic dermatitis. Br J Dermatol 1990: 122 Suppl 36: 41-45.
87. Munro CS, Higgins EM, Marks JM, Daly BM, Friedmann PS, Shuster S. Cyclosporin A in atopic dermatitis: therapeutic response is dissociated from effects on allergic reactions. Br J Dermatol 1991: 124: 43-48.
88. Sowden JM, Berth-Jones J, Ross JS et al. Double-blind, controlled, crossover study of cyclosporin in adults with severe refractory atopic dermatitis. Lancet 1991: 338: 137-140.
89. Tötterman TH, Scheynius A, Killander A, Danersund A, Alm GV Treatment of therapy-resistant Sézary syndrome with cyclosporin-A: suppression of pruritus, leukaemic T cell activation markers and tumour mass. Scand J Haematol 1985: 34: 196-203.
90. Jensen JR, Thestrup-Pedersen K, Zachariae H, Sogaard H. Cyclosporin A therapy for mycosis fungoides [letter]. Arch Dermatol 1987: 123: 160-163.
91. Higgins EM, Munro CS, Friedmann PS, Marks JM. Cyclosporin A in the treatment of lichen planus. Arch Dermatol 1989: 125: 1436.
92. Ho VC, Gupta AK, Ellis CN, Nickoloff BJ, Voorhees JJ. Treatment of severe lichen planus with cyclosporine. J Am Acad Dermatol 1990: 22: 64-68.
93. Gaspari AA, Lotze MT, Rosenberg SA, Stern JB, Katz SI. Dermatologic changes associated with interleukin 2 administration. JAMA 1987: 258: 1624-1629.
94. Wahlgren CF, Tengvall Linder M, Hägermark Ö, Scheynius A. Itch and inflammation induced by intradermally injected interleukin-2 in atopic dermatitis patients and healthy subjects. Arch Dermatol Res 1995: 287: 572-580.
95. Hägermark Ö, Wahlgren CF. Treatment of itch. Semin Dermatol 1995: 14: 320-325.