메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 104, Issue 1, 1999, Pages 14-21

Apoptosis of eosinophils and lymphocytes in allergic inflammation

Author keywords

Allergic inflammation; Apoptosis; Asthma; Corticosteroids; Eosinophils; GM CSF; IL 5; Lymphocytes; Phosphodiesterase inhibitors; Theophylline

Indexed keywords

4 (3 BUTOXY 4 METHOXYBENZYL) 2 IMIDAZOLIDINONE; BUCLADESINE; CORTICOSTEROID; CYCLIC AMP; FORSKOLIN; INTERLEUKIN 5; ROLIPRAM; THEOPHYLLINE;

EID: 0032838480     PISSN: 00916749     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/S0091-6749(99)70107-7     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (98)

References (57)
  • 1
    • 0021848962 scopus 로고
    • Damage of the airway epithelium and bronchial reactivitiy in patients with asthma
    • 1. Laitinen LA, Heino M, Laitinen A, Kava T, Haahtela T. Damage of the airway epithelium and bronchial reactivitiy in patients with asthma. Am Rev Respir Dis 1985;131:599-606.
    • (1985) Am Rev Respir Dis , vol.131 , pp. 599-606
    • Laitinen, L.A.1    Heino, M.2    Laitinen, A.3    Kava, T.4    Haahtela, T.5
  • 2
    • 0024828192 scopus 로고
    • Bronchial biopsies in asthma. An ultrastructural, qualitative study and correlation with hyperreactivity
    • 2. Jeffery PK, Wardlaw AJ, Nelson FC, Collins JV, Kay AB. Bronchial biopsies in asthma. An ultrastructural, qualitative study and correlation with hyperreactivity. Am Rev Respir Dis 1989;140:1745-53.
    • (1989) Am Rev Respir Dis , vol.140 , pp. 1745-1753
    • Jeffery, P.K.1    Wardlaw, A.J.2    Nelson, F.C.3    Collins, J.V.4    Kay, A.B.5
  • 3
    • 0027535474 scopus 로고
    • Airway mucosal inflammation even in patients with newly diagnosed asthma
    • 3. Laitinen LA, Laitinen A, Haahtela T. Airway mucosal inflammation even in patients with newly diagnosed asthma. Am Rev Respir Dis 1993;147:697-704.
    • (1993) Am Rev Respir Dis , vol.147 , pp. 697-704
    • Laitinen, L.A.1    Laitinen, A.2    Haahtela, T.3
  • 5
    • 0025008579 scopus 로고
    • The eosinophil and bronchial asthma
    • 5. Gleich GJ. The eosinophil and bronchial asthma. J Allergy Clin Immunol 1990;85:422-36.
    • (1990) J Allergy Clin Immunol , vol.85 , pp. 422-436
    • Gleich, G.J.1
  • 6
    • 0025900437 scopus 로고
    • Asthma and inflammation
    • 6. Kay AB. Asthma and inflammation. J Allergy Clin Immunol 1991;87:893-910.
    • (1991) J Allergy Clin Immunol , vol.87 , pp. 893-910
    • Kay, A.B.1
  • 7
    • 0031879999 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Theophylline and airway inflammation
    • 7. Rabe KF, Dent G. Theophylline and airway inflammation. Clin Exp Allergy 1998;28(suppl 3):35-41.
    • (1998) Clin Exp Allergy , vol.28 , Issue.SUPPL. 3 , pp. 35-41
    • Rabe, K.F.1    Dent, G.2
  • 8
    • 0026504147 scopus 로고
    • Social controls on cell survival and cell death
    • 8. Raff MC. Social controls on cell survival and cell death. Nature 1992;356:397-400.
    • (1992) Nature , vol.356 , pp. 397-400
    • Raff, M.C.1
  • 9
    • 0015383455 scopus 로고
    • Apoptosis: A basic biological phenomenon with wide-ranging implication in tissue kinetics
    • 9. Kerr JF, Wyllie AH, Currie AR. Apoptosis: a basic biological phenomenon with wide-ranging implication in tissue kinetics. Br J Cancer 1972;26:239-57.
    • (1972) Br J Cancer , vol.26 , pp. 239-257
    • Kerr, J.F.1    Wyllie, A.H.2    Currie, A.R.3
  • 10
    • 0027513268 scopus 로고
    • Apoptosis
    • 10. Cohen JJ. Apoptosis. Immunol Today 1993;14:126-30.
    • (1993) Immunol Today , vol.14 , pp. 126-130
    • Cohen, J.J.1
  • 11
    • 0019225636 scopus 로고
    • Cell death. The significance of apoptosis
    • 11. Wyllie AH, Kerr JF, Currie AR. Cell death. The significance of apoptosis. Int Rev Cytol 1980;68:251-306.
    • (1980) Int Rev Cytol , vol.68 , pp. 251-306
    • Wyllie, A.H.1    Kerr, J.F.2    Currie, A.R.3
  • 12
    • 0024787933 scopus 로고
    • IL-2 protects T-lymphocytes from glucocorticoid-induced DNA fragmentation and cell death
    • 12. Nieto MA, Lopez-Rivas A. IL-2 protects T-lymphocytes from glucocorticoid-induced DNA fragmentation and cell death. J Immunol 1989;143:4166-70.
    • (1989) J Immunol , vol.143 , pp. 4166-4170
    • Nieto, M.A.1    Lopez-Rivas, A.2
  • 13
    • 0028927607 scopus 로고
    • The Fas death factor
    • 13. Nagata S, Golstein P. The Fas death factor. Science 1995;267:1449-56.
    • (1995) Science , vol.267 , pp. 1449-1456
    • Nagata, S.1    Golstein, P.2
  • 14
    • 0028001530 scopus 로고
    • Divergent signalling via APO-1/Fas and the TNF receptor, two homologous molecules involved in physiological cell death
    • 14. Schultze-Osthoff K, Krammer PH, Droge W. Divergent signalling via APO-1/Fas and the TNF receptor, two homologous molecules involved in physiological cell death. EMBO J 1994;13:4587-96.
    • (1994) EMBO J , vol.13 , pp. 4587-4596
    • Schultze-Osthoff, K.1    Krammer, P.H.2    Droge, W.3
  • 15
    • 0029913681 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A potential mechanism of "cross-talk" between the p55 tumor necrosis factor receptor and Fas/APO1: Proteins binding to the death domains of the two receptors also bind to each other
    • 15. Varfolomeev EE, Boldin MP, Goncharov TM, Wallach D. A potential mechanism of "cross-talk" between the p55 tumor necrosis factor receptor and Fas/APO1: proteins binding to the death domains of the two receptors also bind to each other. J Exp Med 1996;183:1271-5.
    • (1996) J Exp Med , vol.183 , pp. 1271-1275
    • Varfolomeev, E.E.1    Boldin, M.P.2    Goncharov, T.M.3    Wallach, D.4
  • 16
    • 0028364494 scopus 로고
    • C-myc and bcl-2 modulate p53 function by altering p53 subcellular trafficking during the cell cycle
    • 16. Ryan JJ, Prochownik E, Gottlieb CA, Apel IJ, Merino R, Nunez G, et al. c-myc and bcl-2 modulate p53 function by altering p53 subcellular trafficking during the cell cycle. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1994;91:5878-82.
    • (1994) Proc Natl Acad Sci USA , vol.91 , pp. 5878-5882
    • Ryan, J.J.1    Prochownik, E.2    Gottlieb, C.A.3    Apel, I.J.4    Merino, R.5    Nunez, G.6
  • 17
    • 0027166048 scopus 로고
    • Bcl-2 heterodimerizes in vivo with a conserved homolog, Bax, that accelerates programmed cell death
    • 17. Oltvai ZN, Milliman CL, Korsmeyer SJ. Bcl-2 heterodimerizes in vivo with a conserved homolog, Bax, that accelerates programmed cell death. Cell 1993;369:609-19.
    • (1993) Cell , vol.369 , pp. 609-619
    • Oltvai, Z.N.1    Milliman, C.L.2    Korsmeyer, S.J.3
  • 19
  • 20
    • 0026690718 scopus 로고
    • Functional reconstitution of the human interleukin-3 receptor
    • 20. Kitamura T, Miyajima A. Functional reconstitution of the human interleukin-3 receptor. Blood 1992;80:84-90.
    • (1992) Blood , vol.80 , pp. 84-90
    • Kitamura, T.1    Miyajima, A.2
  • 21
    • 0025769977 scopus 로고
    • Effects of IL-5, GM-CSF and IL-3 on survival of human blood eosinophils in vitro
    • 21. Tai P-C, Sun L, Spry CFJ. Effects of IL-5, GM-CSF and IL-3 on survival of human blood eosinophils in vitro. Clin Exp Immunol 1992;85:312-6.
    • (1992) Clin Exp Immunol , vol.85 , pp. 312-316
    • Tai, P.-C.1    Sun, L.2    Spry, C.F.J.3
  • 22
    • 0026315499 scopus 로고
    • Eosinophil hematopoietins antagonize the programmed cell death of eosinophils
    • 22. Her E, Frazer J, Austin KF, Owen WF. Eosinophil hematopoietins antagonize the programmed cell death of eosinophils. J Clin Invest 1991;88:1982-7.
    • (1991) J Clin Invest , vol.88 , pp. 1982-1987
    • Her, E.1    Frazer, J.2    Austin, K.F.3    Owen, W.F.4
  • 23
    • 0025723962 scopus 로고
    • Analysis of the survival of mature human eosinophils: Interleukin-5 prevents apoptosis in mature human eosinophils
    • 23. Yamaguchi Y, Suda T, Ohata S, Tominaga K, Miura Y, Kasahara T. Analysis of the survival of mature human eosinophils: interleukin-5 prevents apoptosis in mature human eosinophils. Blood 1991;78:2542-7.
    • (1991) Blood , vol.78 , pp. 2542-2547
    • Yamaguchi, Y.1    Suda, T.2    Ohata, S.3    Tominaga, K.4    Miura, Y.5    Kasahara, T.6
  • 24
    • 0025036906 scopus 로고
    • Eosinophilia in transgenic mice expressing interleukin 5
    • 24. Dent LA, Strath M, Mellor AL, Sandeerson CJ. Eosinophilia in transgenic mice expressing interleukin 5. J Exp Med 1990;172:1425-31.
    • (1990) J Exp Med , vol.172 , pp. 1425-1431
    • Dent, L.A.1    Strath, M.2    Mellor, A.L.3    Sandeerson, C.J.4
  • 26
    • 0025963596 scopus 로고
    • Messenger RNA expression of the cytokine gene cluster, interleukin 3 (IL-3), IL-4, IL-5, and granulocyte/macrophage colony-stimulating factor, in allergen-induced late-phase cutaneous reactions in atopic subjects
    • 26. Kay AB, Ying S, Varney V, Gaga M, Durham SR, Moqbel R, et al. Messenger RNA expression of the cytokine gene cluster, interleukin 3 (IL-3), IL-4, IL-5, and granulocyte/macrophage colony-stimulating factor, in allergen-induced late-phase cutaneous reactions in atopic subjects. J Exp Med 1991;173:775-8.
    • (1991) J Exp Med , vol.173 , pp. 775-778
    • Kay, A.B.1    Ying, S.2    Varney, V.3    Gaga, M.4    Durham, S.R.5    Moqbel, R.6
  • 27
    • 0025723962 scopus 로고
    • Analysis of the survival of mature human eosinophils: Interleukin-5 prevents apoptosis in mature human eosinophils
    • 27. Yamaguchi Y, Sudo T, Ohata S, Tominaga K, Miura Y, Kasa T. Analysis of the survival of mature human eosinophils: Interleukin-5 prevents apoptosis in mature human eosinophils. Blood 1991;78:2542-7.
    • (1991) Blood , vol.78 , pp. 2542-2547
    • Yamaguchi, Y.1    Sudo, T.2    Ohata, S.3    Tominaga, K.4    Miura, Y.5    Kasa, T.6
  • 28
    • 0029972691 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The prolonged survival of human eosinophils with interleukin-5 and its inhibition by theophylline via apoptosis
    • 28. Ohta K, Sawamoto S, Nakajima M, Kubota S, Tanaka Y, Miyasaka T, et al. The prolonged survival of human eosinophils with interleukin-5 and its inhibition by theophylline via apoptosis. Clin Exp Allergy 1996;26(suppl 2):10-5.
    • (1996) Clin Exp Allergy , vol.26 , Issue.SUPPL. 2 , pp. 10-15
    • Ohta, K.1    Sawamoto, S.2    Nakajima, M.3    Kubota, S.4    Tanaka, Y.5    Miyasaka, T.6
  • 29
    • 0026568888 scopus 로고
    • Glucocorticoids inhibit granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor-1 and interleukin-5 enhanced in vitro survival of human eosinophils
    • 29. Hallsworth MP, Litchfield TM, Lee TH. Glucocorticoids inhibit granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor-1 and interleukin-5 enhanced in vitro survival of human eosinophils. Immunology 1992;75:382-5.
    • (1992) Immunology , vol.75 , pp. 382-385
    • Hallsworth, M.P.1    Litchfield, T.M.2    Lee, T.H.3
  • 30
    • 0029972142 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Opposing effects of glucocorticoids on the rate of apoptosis in neutrophilic and eosinophilic granulocytes
    • 30. Meagher LC, Cousin JM, Seckl JR, Haslett C. Opposing effects of glucocorticoids on the rate of apoptosis in neutrophilic and eosinophilic granulocytes. J Immunol 1996;156:4422-8.
    • (1996) J Immunol , vol.156 , pp. 4422-4428
    • Meagher, L.C.1    Cousin, J.M.2    Seckl, J.R.3    Haslett, C.4
  • 31
    • 0018252771 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Rapid hypotonie method for flow cytofluorometry of monolayer cell cultures
    • 31. Fried J, Perez AG, Clarkson BD. Rapid hypotonie method for flow cytofluorometry of monolayer cell cultures. J Histochem Cytochem 1998;26:921-33.
    • (1998) J Histochem Cytochem , vol.26 , pp. 921-933
    • Fried, J.1    Perez, A.G.2    Clarkson, B.D.3
  • 33
    • 0030444654 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Eosinophil apoptosis caused by theophylline, glucocorticoids, and macrolides after stimulation with IL-5
    • 33. Adachi T, Motojima S, Hirata A, Fukuda T, Kihara N, Kosaku A, et al. Eosinophil apoptosis caused by theophylline, glucocorticoids, and macrolides after stimulation with IL-5. J Allergy Clin Immunol 1996;98:S207-15.
    • (1996) J Allergy Clin Immunol , vol.98
    • Adachi, T.1    Motojima, S.2    Hirata, A.3    Fukuda, T.4    Kihara, N.5    Kosaku, A.6
  • 34
    • 0018930398 scopus 로고
    • Phosphodiesterase inhibition and theophylline
    • 34. Bergstrand H. Phosphodiesterase inhibition and theophylline. Eur J Respir Dis 1980;61(suppl 109):37-44.
    • (1980) Eur J Respir Dis , vol.61 , Issue.SUPPL. 109 , pp. 37-44
    • Bergstrand, H.1
  • 35
    • 4243460557 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Phosphodiesterase (PDE) inhibitors can suppress prolonged survival of eosinophils with interleukin-5 (IL-5)
    • 35. Ohta K, Kubota S, Nakajima M, Sawamoto S, Miyasaka T, Nakajima Y, et al. Phosphodiesterase (PDE) inhibitors can suppress prolonged survival of eosinophils with interleukin-5 (IL-5). J Allergy Clin Immunol 1997;99:S356.
    • (1997) J Allergy Clin Immunol , vol.99
    • Ohta, K.1    Kubota, S.2    Nakajima, M.3    Sawamoto, S.4    Miyasaka, T.5    Nakajima, Y.6
  • 36
    • 0030058812 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cyclic AMP-elevating agents prolong or inhibit eosinophil survival depending on prior exposure to GM-CSF
    • 36. Hallsworth, Giembycz MA, Barnes PJ, Lee TH. Cyclic AMP-elevating agents prolong or inhibit eosinophil survival depending on prior exposure to GM-CSF. Br J Pharmacol 1996;117:79-86.
    • (1996) Br J Pharmacol , vol.117 , pp. 79-86
    • Hallsworth1    Giembycz, M.A.2    Barnes, P.J.3    Lee, T.H.4
  • 37
    • 0030984157 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Theophylline accelerates human granulocyte apoptosis not via phosphodiesterase inhibition
    • 37. Yasui K, Hu B, Nakazawa T, Agematsu K, Komiyama A. Theophylline accelerates human granulocyte apoptosis not via phosphodiesterase inhibition. J Clin Invest 1997;100:1677-84.
    • (1997) J Clin Invest , vol.100 , pp. 1677-1684
    • Yasui, K.1    Hu, B.2    Nakazawa, T.3    Agematsu, K.4    Komiyama, A.5
  • 38
    • 0031902122 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Theophylline inhibits the release of eosinophil survival cytokines - Is Raf-1 the protein kinase A target?
    • 38. Shute JK, Tenor H, Church MK, Holgate ST. Theophylline inhibits the release of eosinophil survival cytokines - Is Raf-1 the protein kinase A target? Clin Exp Allergy 1998;28(suppl 3):47-52.
    • (1998) Clin Exp Allergy , vol.28 , Issue.SUPPL. 3 , pp. 47-52
    • Shute, J.K.1    Tenor, H.2    Church, M.K.3    Holgate, S.T.4
  • 39
    • 0026778899 scopus 로고
    • Glucocorticoids activate a suicide program in mature T lymphocytes: Protective action of interleukin-2
    • 39. Neito MA, Lopez-Rivas A. Glucocorticoids activate a suicide program in mature T lymphocytes: protective action of interleukin-2. Ann NY Acad Sci 1992;650:115-20.
    • (1992) Ann NY Acad Sci , vol.650 , pp. 115-120
    • Neito, M.A.1    Lopez-Rivas, A.2
  • 40
    • 0026536477 scopus 로고
    • Negative regulation of interleukin 2 transcription by the glucocorticoid receptor
    • 40. Northrop JP, Crabtree GR, Mattila PS. Negative regulation of interleukin 2 transcription by the glucocorticoid receptor. J Exp Med 1992;175:1235-45.
    • (1992) J Exp Med , vol.175 , pp. 1235-1245
    • Northrop, J.P.1    Crabtree, G.R.2    Mattila, P.S.3
  • 41
    • 0025922666 scopus 로고
    • Abrogation of glucocorticoid-mediated inhibition of T cell proliferation by the synergistic action of IL-1, IL-6, and IFN-g
    • 41. Almawi WY, Lipman ML, Stevens AC, Zanker B, Hadro ET, Strom TB. Abrogation of glucocorticoid-mediated inhibition of T cell proliferation by the synergistic action of IL-1, IL-6, and IFN-g. Immunology 1991;146:3523-7.
    • (1991) Immunology , vol.146 , pp. 3523-3527
    • Almawi, W.Y.1    Lipman, M.L.2    Stevens, A.C.3    Zanker, B.4    Hadro, E.T.5    Strom, T.B.6
  • 43
    • 0027521968 scopus 로고
    • Interleukin-2 prevents programmed cell death in chronic lymphocytic leukemia cells
    • 43. Huang RW, Tsuda H, Takatsuki K. Interleukin-2 prevents programmed cell death in chronic lymphocytic leukemia cells. Int J Hematol 1993;58:83-92.
    • (1993) Int J Hematol , vol.58 , pp. 83-92
    • Huang, R.W.1    Tsuda, H.2    Takatsuki, K.3
  • 44
    • 0029123371 scopus 로고
    • Theophylline, a new inducer of apoptosis in B-CLL: Role of cyclic nucleotide
    • 44. Mentz F, Merle-Beral H, Ouaaz F, Binet JL. Theophylline, a new inducer of apoptosis in B-CLL: role of cyclic nucleotide. Br J Haematol 1995;90:957-9.
    • (1995) Br J Haematol , vol.90 , pp. 957-959
    • Mentz, F.1    Merle-Beral, H.2    Ouaaz, F.3    Binet, J.L.4
  • 45
    • 0029815706 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Theophylline synergizes with chlorambucil in inducing apoptosis of B-chronic lymphocytic leukemia cells
    • 45. Mentz F, Mossalayi MD, Ouaaz F, Baudet S, Issaly F, Ktorza S, et al. Theophylline synergizes with chlorambucil in inducing apoptosis of B-chronic lymphocytic leukemia cells. Blood 1996;88:2172-82.
    • (1996) Blood , vol.88 , pp. 2172-2182
    • Mentz, F.1    Mossalayi, M.D.2    Ouaaz, F.3    Baudet, S.4    Issaly, F.5    Ktorza, S.6
  • 46
    • 0028980745 scopus 로고
    • TGF-b1 and cyclic AMP promote apoptosis in resting human B lymphocytes
    • 46. Lømo J, Blomhoff HK, Beiske K, Stokke T, Smeland EB. TGF-b1 and cyclic AMP promote apoptosis in resting human B lymphocytes. J Immunol 1995;154:1634-43.
    • (1995) J Immunol , vol.154 , pp. 1634-1643
    • Lømo, J.1    Blomhoff, H.K.2    Beiske, K.3    Stokke, T.4    Smeland, E.B.5
  • 47
    • 0025230674 scopus 로고
    • Adenosine receptor-mediated accumulation of cyclic AMP-induced T-lymphocyte death through internucleosomal DNA cleavage
    • 47. Kizaki H, Suzuki K, Tadakuma T, Ishimura Y. Adenosine receptor-mediated accumulation of cyclic AMP-induced T-lymphocyte death through internucleosomal DNA cleavage. J Biol Chem 1990;265:5280-4.
    • (1990) J Biol Chem , vol.265 , pp. 5280-5284
    • Kizaki, H.1    Suzuki, K.2    Tadakuma, T.3    Ishimura, Y.4
  • 48
    • 0029745055 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Inhibition of calmodulin-dependent phosphodiesterase induces apoptosis in human leukemic cells
    • 48. Jiang X, Li J, Paskind M, Epstein PM. Inhibition of calmodulin-dependent phosphodiesterase induces apoptosis in human leukemic cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1996;93:11236-41.
    • (1996) Proc Natl Acad Sci USA , vol.93 , pp. 11236-11241
    • Jiang, X.1    Li, J.2    Paskind, M.3    Epstein, P.M.4
  • 50
    • 0003226768 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Type 4 cyclic adenosine monophosphate phosphodiesterase as a therapeutic target in chronic lymphocytic leukemia
    • 50. Kim DH, Lerner A. Type 4 cyclic adenosine monophosphate phosphodiesterase as a therapeutic target in chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Blood 1998;92:2484-94.
    • (1998) Blood , vol.92 , pp. 2484-2494
    • Kim, D.H.1    Lerner, A.2
  • 51
    • 0028864183 scopus 로고
    • Activation of the Fas receptor on lung eosinophils leads to apoptosis and the resolution of eosinophilic inflammation of the airways
    • 51. Tsuyuki S, Bertrand C, Erard F, Trifilieff A, Tsuyuki J, Wesp M, et al. Activation of the Fas receptor on lung eosinophils leads to apoptosis and the resolution of eosinophilic inflammation of the airways. J Clin Invest 1995;96:2924-31.
    • (1995) J Clin Invest , vol.96 , pp. 2924-2931
    • Tsuyuki, S.1    Bertrand, C.2    Erard, F.3    Trifilieff, A.4    Tsuyuki, J.5    Wesp, M.6
  • 52
    • 0025859097 scopus 로고
    • The dynamics of intestinal eosinophil depletion in rats treated with dexamethasone
    • 52. Kawabori S, Soda K, Perdue MH, Bienenstock J. The dynamics of intestinal eosinophil depletion in rats treated with dexamethasone. Lab Invest 1991;64:224-33.
    • (1991) Lab Invest , vol.64 , pp. 224-233
    • Kawabori, S.1    Soda, K.2    Perdue, M.H.3    Bienenstock, J.4
  • 54
    • 0028344025 scopus 로고
    • Anti-inflammatory effects of low-dose oral theophylline in atopic asthma
    • 54. Sullivan P, Bekir S, Jaffaer Z, Page C, Jeffery P, Costello J. Anti-inflammatory effects of low-dose oral theophylline in atopic asthma. Lancet 1994;343:1006-8.
    • (1994) Lancet , vol.343 , pp. 1006-1008
    • Sullivan, P.1    Bekir, S.2    Jaffaer, Z.3    Page, C.4    Jeffery, P.5    Costello, J.6
  • 56
    • 0019350776 scopus 로고
    • The value of maintenance theophylline in steroid-dependent asthma
    • 56. Nassif EG, Weinberger M, Thompson R, Huntley W. The value of maintenance theophylline in steroid-dependent asthma. N Engl J Med 1981;304:71-5.
    • (1981) N Engl J Med , vol.304 , pp. 71-75
    • Nassif, E.G.1    Weinberger, M.2    Thompson, R.3    Huntley, W.4
  • 57
    • 0030719429 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A comparison of low-dose inhaled budesonide plus theophylline and high-dose inhaled budesonide for moderate asthma
    • 57. Evans DJ, Taylor DA, Zetterstrom O, Chung KF, O'Connor BJ, Barnes PJ. A comparison of low-dose inhaled budesonide plus theophylline and high-dose inhaled budesonide for moderate asthma. N Engl J Med 1997;337:1412-8.
    • (1997) N Engl J Med , vol.337 , pp. 1412-1418
    • Evans, D.J.1    Taylor, D.A.2    Zetterstrom, O.3    Chung, K.F.4    O'Connor, B.J.5    Barnes, P.J.6


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.