Disulfide assignment of the C-terminal cysteine knot of agouti-related protein (AGRP) by direct sequencing analysis

Journal of Peptide Research

Volumn 54, Issue 6, 1999, Pages 514-521

  Young, Y ^a   Zeni, L ^a   Rosenfeld, R D ^a   Stark, K L ^a   Rohde, M F ^a   Haniu, Mitsuru ^a  

^a AMGEN INC   (United States)

Author keywords

Agouti related protein; Disulfide bonds; Md65 2AGRP; TCEP reduction

Indexed keywords

ALKYLATION; ARTICLE; CARBOXY TERMINAL SEQUENCE; CHEMICAL MODIFICATION; DISULFIDE BOND; ESCHERICHIA COLI; HIGH PERFORMANCE LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY; MASS SPECTROMETRY; NONHUMAN; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PROTEIN DOMAIN; SEQUENCE ANALYSIS;

CHROMATOGRAPHY, HIGH PRESSURE LIQUID; CYSTEINE; DISULFIDES; ETHYLMALEIMIDE; HUMANS; INTERCELLULAR SIGNALING PEPTIDES AND PROTEINS; PEPTIDE MAPPING; PROTEINS; RECOMBINANT PROTEINS; SPECTROMETRY, MASS, MATRIX-ASSISTED LASER DESORPTION-IONIZATION;

AGOUTI; ESCHERICHIA COLI;

EID: 0032713482     PISSN: 1397002X     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1034/j.1399-3011.1999.00126.x     Document Type: Article

References (21)

1. Spiegelman, B.M. & Flier, J.S. (1996) Adipogenesis and obesity: Rounding out the big picture. Cell 87, 377-389.
2. Kristensen, P., Judge, M.E., Thim, L. et al. (1998) Hypothalamic CART is a new anorectic peptide regulated by leptin. Nature 393, 72-76.
3. Stark, K.L. (1998) Agrp, a novel gene implicated in the control of feeding. Exp. Opin. Invest. Drugs 7, 859-864.
4. Sakurai, T., Amemiya, A., Ishii, M. et al. (1998) Orexins and orexin receptors: a family of hypothalamic neuropeptides and G protein-coupled receptors that regulate feeding behavior. Cell 92, 573-585.
5. Perry, W.L., Nakamura, T., Swing, D.A., Secrest, L., Eagleson, B., Hustad, C., Copeland, N.G. & Jenkins, N.A. (1996) Coupled site-directed mutagenesis/transgenesis identifies important functional domains of the mouse agouti protein. Genetics 144, 255-264.
6. Ollmann, M.M., Lamoreux, M.L., Wilson, B.D. & Barsh, G.S. (1998) Interaction of agouti protein with the melanocortin 1 receptor in vitro and in vivo. Genes Dev. 12, 316-330.
7. Ollmann, M.M., Wilson, B.D., Yang, Y.-K. et al. (1997) Antagonism of central melanocortin receptors in vitro and in vivo by agouti-related protein. Science 278, 135-138.
8. Shutter, J.R., Graham, M., Kinsey, A.C., Scully, S., Luethy, R. & Stark, K.L. (1997) Hypothalamic expression of ART, a novel gene related to agouti, is up-regulated in obese and diabetic mutant mice. Gene Dev. 11, 593-602.
9. 2 fragment is a potent inhibitor of melanocortin receptor function. FEBS Lett. 428, 59-62.
10. Kiefer, L.L., Veal, J.M., Mountjoy, K.G. & Wilkinson, W.O. (1998) Melanocortin receptor binding determinants in the agouti protein. Biochemistry 37, 991-997.
11. Willard, D.H., Bodnar, W., Harris, C., et al. (1995) Agouti structure and function: characterization of a potent α-melanocyte stimulating hormone receptor antagonist. Biochemistry 14, 12341-12346.
12. Rosenfeld, R.D., Zeni, L., Welcher, A.A. et al. (1998) Biochemical, biophysical, and pharmacological characterization of bacterially expressed human agouti-related protein. Biochemistry 37, 16041-16052.
13. Bures, E.J., Hui, J.O., Young, Y. et al. (1998) Determination of disulfide structure in agouti-related protein (AGRP) by stepwise reduction and alkylation. Biochemistry 37, 12172-12177.
14. Heck, S.D., Kelbaugh, P.R., Kelly, M.E. et al. (1994) Disulfide bond assignment of ω-agatoxins IVB and IVC: discovery of a D-serine residue in ω-agatoxin IVB. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 116, 10426-10436.
15. Yu, H., Rosen, M.K., Saccomano, N.A., Phillips, D., Volkmann, R.A. & Shreiber, S.L. (1993) Sequential assignment and structure determination of spider toxin ω-Aga-IVB. Biochemistry 32, 13123-13129.
16. Henschen, A. (1986) Analysis of cyst(e)ine residues, disulfide bridges, and sulfhydryl groups in proteins. In Advanced Methods in Protein Microsequence Analysis (Wittmann-Licbold, B., Salnikow, J., Erdmann, V.A., eds). Springer-Verlag, Berlin, pp. 244-255.
17. Haniu, M. & Arakawa, T. (1997) Analysis of disulfide structures in proteins. In Current Topics in Peptide and Protein Research 2, Research Trends, Trivandrum, India, pp. 115-124.
18. Gray, W.R. (1993) Disulfide structures of highly bridged peptides: a new strategy for analysis. Protein Sci. 2, 1732-1748.
19. Gray, W.R. (1993) Echistatin disulfide bridges: selective reduction and linkage assignment. Protein Sci. 2, 1749-1755.
20. Wu, H. & Watson, J.T. (1997) A novel methodology for assignment of disulfide bond pairings in proteins. Protein Sci. 6, 391-398.
21. Wong, S.S. (1991) Chemistry of Protein Conjugation and Cross-Linking. CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL, pp. 34-35.