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2 onto the evaporated silver. A final silver plating step at the same current density into the pores of the membrane ensures that no leaks will occur through the back electrode. After the electroplating of gold and platinum was complete, the silver electrode was removed by brief immersion of the membrane in 6 M nitric acid, and the alumina membrane was dissolved in 0.5 M KOH for 2 h. The resulting Au, Pt, or Au-Pt-Au rods were repeatedly centrifuged and washed with water to remove residual base and salts.
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2. After complete plating of the platinum section of the rod, the membrane was switched back to the gold plating solution using a similar rinsing procedure. When gold is plated onto platinum at the second bimetal junction, plating is inefficient (presumably because hydrogen is evolved at the platinum electrode in the gold plating solution) before the cathode surface resembles bulk gold. The result is the loss of ca. 1 C of gold. Therefore, in order to make a symmetric tipped rod, an extra 1 C of gold must be applied to the second tip.
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Some minor variation (±8 %) in rod length was still observed due in part to "hot spots" in the sonicator bath, where agitation due to standing waves is particularly violent. This effect was minimized by using a sweep frequency sonicator (Crest Ultrasonics), which modulates the sonication frequency ±1 kHz.
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I. In addition, the current efficiency is lower for Pt, in part because the surface acts as a catalyst for hydrogen evolution.
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0345214857
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Rods, suspended in ca. 2 mL hexane, were added to 2 mL of 1 mM 1-butaneisocyanide (BIC, Acros) and allowed to react for 18 h. During this time, the solution was shaken several times. The rods were collected and rinsed by 5 centrifugation/resuspension cycles with hexane, and then 1 cycle with ethanol. The rods were resuspended by sonicating briefly in ethanol. This suspension was added to 2 mL of 1 mM 2-mercaptoethylamine (MEA, Aldrich), and was allowed to react for 18 h. Isocyanide groups were displaced from gold by thiols, but not from platinum. The rods were washed and centrifuged with ethanol five times, then suspended in 10 mL of ethanol and purged with argon for 10 min. 5 mL ethanol containing 20 mg Rhodamine B isothiocyanate (Aldrich) was added, and the solution was stirred for 18 h under a positive pressure of Ar. The rods were rinsed and centrifuged 10 times with ethanol. A drop of the resuspended rods was placed on a quartz microscope slide, blotted with filter paper, and allowed to dry.
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