Dimorphism and virulence in Candida albicans

Current Opinion in Microbiology

Volumn 1, Issue 6, 1998, Pages 687-692

  Mitchell, Aaron P ^a  

^a Columbia University ^*  (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

CANDIDA ALBICANS; FUNGI; SACCHAROMYCES CEREVISIAE;

FUNGAL PROTEIN;

BIOLOGICAL MODEL; CANDIDA ALBICANS; CYTOLOGY; FUNGAL GENE; GENE EXPRESSION REGULATION; GENETICS; GROWTH, DEVELOPMENT AND AGING; METABOLISM; PATHOGENICITY; REVIEW; VIRULENCE;

CANDIDA ALBICANS; FUNGAL PROTEINS; GENE EXPRESSION REGULATION, FUNGAL; GENES, FUNGAL; MODELS, GENETIC; VIRULENCE;

EID: 0032241050     PISSN: 13695274     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/S1369-5274(98)80116-1     Document Type: Article

References (34)

1. Odds FC: Candida and Candidosis. Philadelphia: Bailliere Tindall; 1988.
2. Gow NA, Robbins PW, Lester JW, Brown AJ, Fonzi WA, Chapman T, Kinsman OS: A hyphal-specific chitin synthase gene (CHS2) is not essential for growth, dimorphism, or virulence of Candida albicans. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1994, 91:6216-6220.
3. Cutler JE: Putative virulence factors of Candida albicans. Annu Rev Microbiol 1991, 45:187-218.
4. Lo HJ, Kohler JR, DiDomenico B, Loebenberg D, Cacciapuoti A, •• Fink GR: Nonfilamentous C. albicans mutants are avirulent Cell 1997, 90:939-949. This paper reports the identification and masterful genetic analysis of two filamentation regulatory pathways. Results here indicate that EGF1 is not essential for viability, in contrast to [11•].
5. Liu H, Styles CA, Fink GR: Elements of the yeast pheromone response pathway required for filamentous growth of diploids. Science 1993, 262:1741-1744.
6. Herskowitz I: MAP kinase pathways in yeast: for mating and more. Cell 1995, 80:187-197.
7. Liu H, Kohler J, Fink GR: Suppression of hyphal formation in Candida albicans by mutation of a STE12 homolog. Science 1994, 266:1723-1726.
8. Kohler JR, Fink GR: Candida albicans strains heterozygous and homozygous for mutations in mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling components have defects in hyphal development. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1996, 93:13223-13228.
9. Leberer E, Marcus D, Broadbent ID, Clark KL, Dignard D, Ziegelbauer K, Schmidt A, Gow NA, Brown AJ, Thomas DY: Signal transduction through homologs of the Ste20p and Ste7p protein kinases can trigger hyphal formation in the pathogenic fungus Candida albicans. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1996, 93:13217-13222.
10. Whiteway M, Dignard D, Thomas DY: Dominant negative selection of heterologous genes: isolation of Candida albicans genes that interfere with Saccharomyces cerevisiae mating factor-induced cell cycle arrest. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1992, 89:9410-9414.
11. Stoldt VR, Sonneborn A, Leuker CE, Ernst JF: Efg1p, an essential • regulator of morphogenesis of the human pathogen Candida albicans, is a member of a conserved class of bHLH proteins regulating morphogenetic processes in fungi. EMBO J 1997, 16:1982-1991. This paper reports identification of EGF1 and protein depletion studies. Results here lead to the suggestion that EGF1 is an essential gene, in contrast to [4••].
12. Gimeno CJ, Fink GR: Induction of pseudohyphal growth by overexpression of PHD1, a Saccharomyces cerevisiae gene related to transcriptional regulators of fungal development. Mol Cell Biol 1994, 14:2100-2112.
13. - mutant phenotype, through both in vitro and in vivo studies. Of particular note is the demonstration of the mutant's filamentation defect in vivo.
14. Csank C, Schroppel K, Leberer E, Marcus D, Mohamed O, Meloche S, •• Thomas DY, Whiteway M: Roles of the Candida albicans mitogenactivated protein kinase homolog, Cek1p, in hyphal development and systemic candidiasis. Infect Immun 1998, 66:2713-2721. This paper includes elegant suppression studies that genetically define order of action in the MAP kinase cascade.
15. - mutant.
16. Braun BR, Johnson AD: Control of filament formation in Candida •• albicans by the transcriptional represser TUP1. Science 1997, 277:105-109. This paper includes thorough morphological studies and a clever genetic strategy to assure that a null mutant is examined.
17. Keleher CA, Redd MJ, Schultz J, Carlson M, Johnson AD: Ssn6-Tup1 is a general repressor of transcription in yeast Cell 1992, 68:709-719.
18. Gale C, Finkel D, Tao N, Meinke M, McClellan M, Olson J, Kendrick K, Hosteller M: Cloning and expression of a gene encoding an integrin-like protein in Candida albicans. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1996, 93:357-361.
19. Gale CA, Bendel CM, McClellan M, Hauser M, Becker JM, Berman J, •• Hostetter MK: Linkage of adhesion, filamentous growth, and virulence in Candida albicans to a single gene, INT1. Science 1998, 279:1355-1358. This paper extends the inferred molecular properties of Int1p through adhesion assays, and indicates that filamentation and adhesion (and, perhaps, other virulence traits) may have common genetic determinants.
20. Kobayashi SD, Cutler JE: Candida albicans hyphal formation and virulence: is there a clearly defined role? Trends Microbiol 1998, 6:92-94.
21. Madhani HD, Fink GR: Combinatorial control required for the specificity of yeast MAPK signaling. Science 1997, 275:1314-1317.
22. Lo WS, Dranginis AM: The cell surface flocculin Flo11 is required for pseudohyphae formation and invasion by Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Mol Biol Cell 1998, 9:161-171.
23. Lo WS, Dranginis AM: FLO11, a yeast gene related to the STA genes, encodes a novel cell surface flocculin. J Bacteriol 1996, 178:7144-7151.
24. Lambrechts MG, Bauer FF, Marmur J, Pretorius IS: Muc1, a mucin-like protein that is regulated by Mss10, is critical for pseudohyphal differentiation in yeast. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 1996, 93:8419-8424.
25. Staab JF, Ferrer CA, Sundstrom P: Developmental expression of a tandemly repeated, proline- and glutamine-rich amino acid motif on hyphal surfaces on Candida albicans. 1996, J Biol Chem 271:6298-6305.
26. Saporito-Irwin SM, Birse CE, Sypherd PS, Fonzi WA: PHR1, a pH-regulated gene of Candida albicans, is required for morphogenesis. Mol Cell Biol 1995, 15:601-613.
27. Birse CE, Irwin MY, Fonzi WA, Sypherd PS: Cloning and characterization of ECE1, a gene expressed in association with cell elongation of the dimorphic pathogen Candida albicans. Infect Immun 1993, 61:3648-3655.
28. Sentandreu M, Elorza MV, Sentandreu R, Fonzi WA: Cloning and characterization of PRA1, a gene encoding a novel pH-regulated antigen of Candida albicans. J Bacteriol 1998, 180:282-289.
29. Chen-Wu JL, Zwicker J, Bowen AR, Robbins PW: Expression of chitin synthase genes during yeast and hyphal growth phases of Candida albicans. Mol Microbiol 1992, 6:497-502.
30. Malathi K, Ganesan K, Datta A: Identification of a putative transcription factor in Candida albicans that can complement the mating defect of Saccharomyces cerevisiae ste12 mutants. J Biol Chem 1994, 269:22945-22951.
31. Ishii N, Yamamoto M, Yoshihara F, Arisawa M, Aoki Y: Biochemical and genetic characterization of Rbf1p, a putative transcription factor of Candida albicans. Microbiology 1997, 143:429-435.
32. Magee PT: Which came first, the hypha or the yeast? Science 1997, 277:52-53.
33. Cook JG, Bardwell L, Kron SJ, Thorner J: Two novel targets of the MAP kinase Kss1 are negative regulators of invasive growth in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Genes Dev 1996, 10:2831-2848.
34. Tedford K, Kim S, Sa D, Stevens K, Tyers M: Regulation of the mating pheromone and invasive growth responses in yeast by two MAP kinase substrates. Curr Biol 1997, 7:228-238.