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Klein, D.C.1
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Ponting CP, Aravind L. PAS: a multifunctional domain family comes to light. Curr Biol. 7:1997;R674-R677.
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Kay SA. PAS, present, and future: clues to the origins of circadian clocks. Science. 276:1997;753-754.
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Kay, S.A.1
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Sassone-Corsi P. Molecular clocks: mastering time by gene regulation. Nature. 392:1998;871-874.
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Sassone-Corsi, P.1
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0028241271
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Mutagenesis and mapping of a mouse gene, Clock, essential for circadian behavior
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Vitaterna MH, King DP, Chang AM, Kornhauser JM, Lowrey PL, McDonald JD, Dove WF, Pinto LH, Turek FW, Takahashi JS. Mutagenesis and mapping of a mouse gene, Clock, essential for circadian behavior. Science. 264:1994;719-725.
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Vitaterna, M.H.1
King, D.P.2
Chang, A.M.3
Kornhauser, J.M.4
Lowrey, P.L.5
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Turek, F.W.9
Takahashi, J.S.10
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10
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20244377493
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Positional cloning of the mouse circadian clock gene
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of outstanding interest. This landmark paper represents the culmination of a remarkable project. It follows on from the previous random mutagenesis and screening that generated the Clock mutant mouse [9], and describes the positional cloning and characterisation of the very first vertebrate clock gene, Clock. The observation that CLOCK is a bHLH-PAS domain protein represented the first clue that the vertebrate clock might share similar components and mechanisms with Drosophila and Neurospora clocks.
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of outstanding interest King DP, Zhao Y, Sangoram AM, Wilsbacher LD, Tanaka M, Antoch MP, Steeves TD, Vitaterna MH, Kornhauser JM, Lowrey PL, Turek FW, Takahashi JS. Positional cloning of the mouse circadian clock gene. Cell. 89:1997;641-653 This landmark paper represents the culmination of a remarkable project. It follows on from the previous random mutagenesis and screening that generated the Clock mutant mouse [9], and describes the positional cloning and characterisation of the very first vertebrate clock gene, Clock. The observation that CLOCK is a bHLH-PAS domain protein represented the first clue that the vertebrate clock might share similar components and mechanisms with Drosophila and Neurospora clocks.
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(1997)
Cell
, vol.89
, pp. 641-653
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King, D.P.1
Zhao, Y.2
Sangoram, A.M.3
Wilsbacher, L.D.4
Tanaka, M.5
Antoch, M.P.6
Steeves, T.D.7
Vitaterna, M.H.8
Kornhauser, J.M.9
Lowrey, P.L.10
Turek, F.W.11
Takahashi, J.S.12
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11
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18844476167
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Functional identification of the mouse circadian Clock gene by transgenic BAC rescue
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of special interest. This second paper in a series from the Takahashi group (see also [9,10]) elegantly confirmed that the mutation observed in the Clock gene was responsible for the Clock mutant mouse phenotype. It pioneered the use of BAC clones to generate transgenic mice. In this way, the authors rescued the Clock null mutant phenotype of the mutant mice by integrating the complete genomic locus of the wild-type Clock gene.
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of special interest Antoch MP, Song EJ, Chang AM, Vitaterna MH, Zhao Y, Wilsbacher LD, Sangoram AM, King DP, Pinto LH, Takahashi JS. Functional identification of the mouse circadian Clock gene by transgenic BAC rescue. Cell. 89:1997;655-667 This second paper in a series from the Takahashi group (see also [9,10]) elegantly confirmed that the mutation observed in the Clock gene was responsible for the Clock mutant mouse phenotype. It pioneered the use of BAC clones to generate transgenic mice. In this way, the authors rescued the Clock null mutant phenotype of the mutant mice by integrating the complete genomic locus of the wild-type Clock gene.
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(1997)
Cell
, vol.89
, pp. 655-667
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Antoch, M.P.1
Song, E.J.2
Chang, A.M.3
Vitaterna, M.H.4
Zhao, Y.5
Wilsbacher, L.D.6
Sangoram, A.M.7
King, D.P.8
Pinto, L.H.9
Takahashi, J.S.10
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12
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0030885313
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RIGUI, a putative mammalian ortholog of the Drosophila period gene
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of outstanding interest. of special interest. This paper together with that of Tei et al. [21] finally identified a mammalian homolog (riguilmper1) of the Drosophila period gene. This group picked out rigui from a genome project systematically mapping transcribed genes on human chromosome 17. Together with Tei's group, the authors show, for the first time, the widespread expression pattern of riguilmper1 and that its expression oscillates in the SCN, retina and other brain structures.
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of outstanding interest Sun ZS, Albrecht U, Zhuchenko O, Bailey J, Eichele G, Lee CC. RIGUI, a putative mammalian ortholog of the Drosophila period gene. of special interest Cell. 90:1997;1003-1011 This paper together with that of Tei et al. [21] finally identified a mammalian homolog (riguilmper1) of the Drosophila period gene. This group picked out rigui from a genome project systematically mapping transcribed genes on human chromosome 17. Together with Tei's group, the authors show, for the first time, the widespread expression pattern of riguilmper1 and that its expression oscillates in the SCN, retina and other brain structures.
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(1997)
Cell
, vol.90
, pp. 1003-1011
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Sun, Z.S.1
Albrecht, U.2
Zhuchenko, O.3
Bailey, J.4
Eichele, G.5
Lee, C.C.6
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13
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17044451254
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A mutant Drosophila homolog of mammalian Clock disrupts circadian rhythms and transcription of period and timeless
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of outstanding interest. This paper, together with one by Rutila et al. [17], demonstrates the power of the genetic approach for determining how the various clock components may fit together. The authors cloned the Drosophila homolog of Clock (dClock) as the result of a mutation that truncates the Clock activation domain and leads to arrhythmicity and reduced levels of per and tim expression.
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of outstanding interest Allada R, White NE, So WV, Hall JC, Rosbasch M. A mutant Drosophila homolog of mammalian Clock disrupts circadian rhythms and transcription of period and timeless. Cell. 93:1998;791-804 This paper, together with one by Rutila et al. [17], demonstrates the power of the genetic approach for determining how the various clock components may fit together. The authors cloned the Drosophila homolog of Clock (dClock) as the result of a mutation that truncates the Clock activation domain and leads to arrhythmicity and reduced levels of per and tim expression.
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(1998)
Cell
, vol.93
, pp. 791-804
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Allada, R.1
White, N.E.2
So, W.V.3
Hall, J.C.4
Rosbasch, M.5
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14
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0032486432
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Closing the circadian loop: CLOCK-induced transcription of its own inhibitors per and tim
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of special interest. The Drosophila Clock and bmal1 homologs were cloned by sequence homology and shown to activate per and tim promotes. PER and TIM negatively regulate this activation, thus closing a transcriptional feedback loop.
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of special interest Darlington TK, Wager-Smith K, Ceriani MF, Staknis D, Gekakis N, Steeves TDL, Weitz CJ, Takahashi JS, Kay SA. Closing the circadian loop: CLOCK-induced transcription of its own inhibitors per and tim. Science. 280:1998;1599-1603 The Drosophila Clock and bmal1 homologs were cloned by sequence homology and shown to activate per and tim promotes. PER and TIM negatively regulate this activation, thus closing a transcriptional feedback loop.
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(1998)
Science
, vol.280
, pp. 1599-1603
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Darlington, T.K.1
Wager-Smith, K.2
Ceriani, M.F.3
Staknis, D.4
Gekakis, N.5
Steeves, T.D.L.6
Weitz, C.J.7
Takahashi, J.S.8
Kay, S.A.9
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15
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0032486330
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Role of the CLOCK protein in the mammalian circadian mechanism
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of outstanding interest. This important paper describes the next logical step after cloning Clock [9,10] and finding that CLOCK had a PAS domain [10]. The authors used a yeast two-hybrid screen to identify a CLOCK partner: BMAL1, another PAS-domain protein. They show that the CLOCK:BMAL heterodimer can activate the mper1 promoter by binding to E boxes.
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of outstanding interest Gekakis N, Staknis D, Nguyen HB, Davis FC, Wilsbacher LD, King DP, Takahashi JS, Weitz CJ. Role of the CLOCK protein in the mammalian circadian mechanism. Science. 280:1998;1564-1569 This important paper describes the next logical step after cloning Clock [9,10] and finding that CLOCK had a PAS domain [10]. The authors used a yeast two-hybrid screen to identify a CLOCK partner: BMAL1, another PAS-domain protein. They show that the CLOCK:BMAL heterodimer can activate the mper1 promoter by binding to E boxes.
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(1998)
Science
, vol.280
, pp. 1564-1569
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Gekakis, N.1
Staknis, D.2
Nguyen, H.B.3
Davis, F.C.4
Wilsbacher, L.D.5
King, D.P.6
Takahashi, J.S.7
Weitz, C.J.8
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16
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0031557692
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CDNA cloning and tissue-specific expression of a novel basic helix-loop-helix/PAS protein (BMAL1) and identification of alternatively spliced variants with alternative translation initiation site usage
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Ikeda M, Nomura M. cDNA cloning and tissue-specific expression of a novel basic helix-loop-helix/PAS protein (BMAL1) and identification of alternatively spliced variants with alternative translation initiation site usage. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 233:1997;258-264.
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Biochem Biophys Res Commun
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Ikeda, M.1
Nomura, M.2
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17
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0032577450
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CYCLE is a second bHLH-PAS clock protein essential for circadian rhythmicity and transcription of Drosophila period and timeless
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of outstanding interest. The perfect timing of the appearance of this paper and that of Allada et al. [13] reinforced the importance of the role of CLOCK:BMAL1 as partners in the clock mechanism. Cycle, the Drosophila homolog of bmal1, was identified in a genetic screen. Flies homozygous for a mutation in cycle are arrhythmic and have significantly reduced expression of per and tim.
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of outstanding interest Rutila JE, Suri V, Le M, So WV, Rosbash M, Hall JC. CYCLE is a second bHLH-PAS clock protein essential for circadian rhythmicity and transcription of Drosophila period and timeless. Cell. 93:1998;805-814 The perfect timing of the appearance of this paper and that of Allada et al. [13] reinforced the importance of the role of CLOCK:BMAL1 as partners in the clock mechanism. Cycle, the Drosophila homolog of bmal1, was identified in a genetic screen. Flies homozygous for a mutation in cycle are arrhythmic and have significantly reduced expression of per and tim.
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(1998)
Cell
, vol.93
, pp. 805-814
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Rutila, J.E.1
Suri, V.2
Le, M.3
So, W.V.4
Rosbash, M.5
Hall, J.C.6
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Bargiello TA, Young MW. Molecular genetics of a biological clock in Drosophila. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 81:1984;2142-2146.
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Molecular analysis of the period locus in Drosophila melanogaster and identification of a transcript involved in biological rhythms
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Reddy P, Zehring WA, Wheeler DA, Pirrotta V, Hadfield C, Hall JC, Rosbash M. Molecular analysis of the period locus in Drosophila melanogaster and identification of a transcript involved in biological rhythms. Cell. 38:1984;701-710.
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Reddy, P.1
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20
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Cloning of a structural and functional homolog of the circadian clock gene period from the giant silkmoth Antheraea pernyi
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Reppert SM, Tsai T, Roca AL, Sauman I. Cloning of a structural and functional homolog of the circadian clock gene period from the giant silkmoth Antheraea pernyi. Neuron. 13:1994;1167-1176.
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Reppert, S.M.1
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21
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0030800739
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Circadian oscillation of a mammalian homologue of the Drosophila period gene
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of special interest. of outstanding interest. Together with the paper of Sun et al. [12], this is the first description of a vertebrate period gene homolog. This group arrived at the same gene using an ingenious PCR approach based on the Drosophila sequence. They succeeded where countless other groups had failed over the course of 13 yeast!
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of special interest Tei H, Okamura H, Shiegeyoshi Y, Fukuhara C, Ozawa R, Hirose M, Sakaki Y. Circadian oscillation of a mammalian homologue of the Drosophila period gene. of outstanding interest Nature. 389:1997;512-516 Together with the paper of Sun et al. [12], this is the first description of a vertebrate period gene homolog. This group arrived at the same gene using an ingenious PCR approach based on the Drosophila sequence. They succeeded where countless other groups had failed over the course of 13 yeast!
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(1997)
Nature
, vol.389
, pp. 512-516
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Tei, H.1
Okamura, H.2
Shiegeyoshi, Y.3
Fukuhara, C.4
Ozawa, R.5
Hirose, M.6
Sakaki, Y.7
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A differential response of two putative mammalian circadian regulators, mper1 and mper2, to light
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Albrecht U, Sun ZS, Eichele G, Lee CC. A differential response of two putative mammalian circadian regulators, mper1 and mper2, to light. Cell. 91:1997;1055-1064.
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Cell
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Albrecht, U.1
Sun, Z.S.2
Eichele, G.3
Lee, C.C.4
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23
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0031472474
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Two period homologs: Circadian expression and photic regulation in the suprachiasmatic nuclei
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Shearman LP, Zylka MJ, Weaver DR, Kolakowski LF Jr, Reppert SM. Two period homologs: circadian expression and photic regulation in the suprachiasmatic nuclei. Neuron. 19:1997;1261-1269.
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Shearman, L.P.1
Zylka, M.J.2
Weaver, D.R.3
Kolakowski L.F., Jr.4
Reppert, S.M.5
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24
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0032102386
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Three period homologs in mammals: Differential light responses in the suprachiasmatic circadian clock and oscillating transcripts outside of brain
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Zylka MJ, Shearman LP, Weaver DR, Reppert SM. Three period homologs in mammals: differential light responses in the suprachiasmatic circadian clock and oscillating transcripts outside of brain. Neuron. 20:1998;1103-1110.
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Neuron
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Zylka, M.J.1
Shearman, L.P.2
Weaver, D.R.3
Reppert, S.M.4
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25
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0031459479
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Light-induced resetting of a mammalian circadian clock is associated with rapid induction of the mPer1 transcript
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Shigeyoshi Y, Taguchi K, Yamamoto S, Takekida S, Yan L, Tei H, Moriya T, Shibata S, Loros JJ, Dunlap JC, Okamura H. Light-induced resetting of a mammalian circadian clock is associated with rapid induction of the mPer1 transcript. Cell. 91:1997;1043-1053.
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(1997)
Cell
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Shigeyoshi, Y.1
Taguchi, K.2
Yamamoto, S.3
Takekida, S.4
Yan, L.5
Tei, H.6
Moriya, T.7
Shibata, S.8
Loros, J.J.9
Dunlap, J.C.10
Okamura, H.11
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26
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Period and timeless tango: A dance of two clock genes
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Reppert SM, Sauman I. Period and timeless tango: a dance of two clock genes. Neuron. 15:1995;983-986.
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Reppert, S.M.1
Sauman, I.2
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27
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0032503969
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Double-time is a novel Drosophila clock gene that regulates PERIOD protein accumulation
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of outstanding interest. In this paper, the authors used Drosophila genetics to identify a new clock component, double-time. double-time mutants show accumulation of high levels of underphosphorylated period protein. The authors propose the double-time product phosphorylates period and thereby destabilizes it, contributing to the characteristic natural delay in period accumulation.
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of outstanding interest Price JL, Blau J, Rothenfluh A, Abodeely M, Kloss B, Young MW. double-time is a novel Drosophila clock gene that regulates PERIOD protein accumulation. Cell. 94:1998;83-95 In this paper, the authors used Drosophila genetics to identify a new clock component, double-time. double-time mutants show accumulation of high levels of underphosphorylated period protein. The authors propose the double-time product phosphorylates period and thereby destabilizes it, contributing to the characteristic natural delay in period accumulation.
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(1998)
Cell
, vol.94
, pp. 83-95
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Price, J.L.1
Blau, J.2
Rothenfluh, A.3
Abodeely, M.4
Kloss, B.5
Young, M.W.6
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28
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0032504041
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The Drosophila clock gene double-time encodes a protein closely related to human casein kinase le
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of outstanding interest. The authors demonstrate that double-time is in fact a homolog of mammalian casein kinase 1ε. They confirm that period and double time interact physically.
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of outstanding interest Kloss B, Price JL, Saez L, Blau J, Rothenfluh A, Wesley CS, Young MW. The Drosophila clock gene double-time encodes a protein closely related to human casein kinase le. Cell. 94:1998;97-107 The authors demonstrate that double-time is in fact a homolog of mammalian casein kinase 1ε. They confirm that period and double time interact physically.
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(1998)
Cell
, vol.94
, pp. 97-107
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Kloss, B.1
Price, J.L.2
Saez, L.3
Blau, J.4
Rothenfluh, A.5
Wesley, C.S.6
Young, M.W.7
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29
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0032510778
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The basic-helix-loop-helix-PAS orphan MOP3 forms transcriptionally active complexes with circadian and hypoxia factors
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of special interest. This paper reported for the first time that CLOCK heterodimerizes with MOP3 (which gives rise to the isoform BMAL1); subsequently, the dimer binds to E-box elements and thereby activates transcription.
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of special interest Hogenesch JB, Gu YZ, Jain S, Bradfield CA. The basic-helix-loop-helix-PAS orphan MOP3 forms transcriptionally active complexes with circadian and hypoxia factors. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 95:1998;5474-5479 This paper reported for the first time that CLOCK heterodimerizes with MOP3 (which gives rise to the isoform BMAL1); subsequently, the dimer binds to E-box elements and thereby activates transcription.
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(1998)
Proc Natl Acad Sci USA
, vol.95
, pp. 5474-5479
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Hogenesch, J.B.1
Gu, Y.Z.2
Jain, S.3
Bradfield, C.A.4
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Klein DC, Moore RY, Reppert SM. Suprachiasmatic Nucleus - The Mind's Clock. 1991;Oxford University Press, New York.
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Individual neurons dissociated from rat suprachiasmatic nucleus express independently phased circadian firing rhythms
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Welsh DK, Logothetis DE, Meister M, Reppert SM. Individual neurons dissociated from rat suprachiasmatic nucleus express independently phased circadian firing rhythms. Neuron. 14:1995;697-706.
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Welsh, D.K.1
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Tosini G, Menaker M. Circadian rhythms in cultured mammalian retina. Science. 272:1996;419-421.
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Tosini, G.1
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35
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0030656411
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Independent photoreceptive circadian clocks throughout Drosophila
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of outstanding interest. This pioneering work exploited the development of period promoter-luciferase reporter transgenics to analyse period expression in living Drosophila. In this way, the authors demonstrated rhythmic expression in many tissues that persisted in vitro and, most importantly, was also entrainable by light.
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of outstanding interest Plautz JD, Kaneko M, Hall JC, Kay SA. Independent photoreceptive circadian clocks throughout Drosophila. Science. 278:1997;1632-1635 This pioneering work exploited the development of period promoter-luciferase reporter transgenics to analyse period expression in living Drosophila. In this way, the authors demonstrated rhythmic expression in many tissues that persisted in vitro and, most importantly, was also entrainable by light.
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(1997)
Science
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Plautz, J.D.1
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Hall, J.C.3
Kay, S.A.4
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36
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A serum shock induces circadian gene expression in mammalian tissue culture cells
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of outstanding interest. This paper represents an unexpected twist in the story of the mammalian clock. The authors show that serum shock treatment followed by starvation induces a circadian pattern of gene expression in immortalized cell lines. These observations may provide a new tool for dissecting molecular clock mechanisms.
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of outstanding interest Balsalobre A, Damiola F, Schibler U. A serum shock induces circadian gene expression in mammalian tissue culture cells. Cell. 93:1998;929-937 This paper represents an unexpected twist in the story of the mammalian clock. The authors show that serum shock treatment followed by starvation induces a circadian pattern of gene expression in immortalized cell lines. These observations may provide a new tool for dissecting molecular clock mechanisms.
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(1998)
Cell
, vol.93
, pp. 929-937
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Balsalobre, A.1
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Pittendrigh CS. Temporal organization: reflections of a Darwinian clock-watcher. Annu Rev Physiol. 55:1993;17-54.
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