Independent photoreceptive circadian clocks throughout Drosophila

Science

Volumn 278, Issue 5343, 1997, Pages 1632-1635

  Plautz, Jeffrey D ^a   Kaneko, Maki ^b   Hall, Jeffrey C ^b   Kay, Steve A ^a  

^a NATIONAL SCIENCE FOUNDATION   (United States)

^b BRANDEIS UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ARTICLE; BIOLUMINESCENCE; CIRCADIAN RHYTHM; DROSOPHILA; OSCILLATION; PHOTORECEPTOR; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PROMOTER REGION; SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION; TRANSGENE;

ANIMALS; ANIMALS, GENETICALLY MODIFIED; BIOLOGICAL CLOCKS; BRAIN; CHEMORECEPTORS; CIRCADIAN RHYTHM; DARKNESS; DROSOPHILA; GENE EXPRESSION REGULATION; GENES, INSECT; GREEN FLUORESCENT PROTEINS; LIGHT; LUCIFERASES; LUMINESCENCE; LUMINESCENT PROTEINS; NUCLEAR PROTEINS; PHOTORECEPTORS, INVERTEBRATE; PHOTOTRANSDUCTION; PROMOTER REGIONS (GENETICS); RECOMBINANT FUSION PROTEINS;

EID: 0030656411     PISSN: 00368075     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1126/science.278.5343.1632     Document Type: Article

References (45)

1. M. R. Ralph, R. G. Foster, F. C. Davis, M. Menaker, Science 247, 975 (1990).
2. M. Menaker and G. Tosini, in Circadian Organization and Oscillatory Coupling, K. Honma and S. Homna, Eds. (Hokkaido Univ. Press, Sapporo, Japan, 1996), p. 39.
3. J. S. Takahashi and M. Menaker, J. Comp. Physiol. 146, 245 (1982).
4. J. W. Truman, ibid. 95, 281 (1974).
5. A. M. Handler and R. J. Konopka, Nature 279, 236 (1979).
6. J. Ewer, B. Frisch, M. J. Hamblen-Coyle, M. Rosbash, J. C. Hall, J. Neurosci. 12, 3321 (1992).
7. J. M. Giebultowicz, J. G. Riemann, A. K. Raina, R. L. Ridgway, Science 245, 1098 (1989).
8. I. F. Emery, J. M. Noveral, C. F. Jamison, K. K. Siwicki, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 94, 4092 (1997).
9. J. M. Giebultowicz and D. M. Hege, Nature 386, 664 (1997); D. Hege, R. Stanewsky, J. C. Hall, J. M. Giebultowicz, J. Biol. Rhythms 12, 300 (1997).
10. J. M. Giebultowicz and D. M. Hege, Nature 386, 664 (1997); D. Hege, R. Stanewsky, J. C. Hall, J. M. Giebultowicz, J. Biol. Rhythms 12, 300 (1997).
11. R. J. Konopka and S. Benzer, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 68, 2112 (1971).
12. A. Sehgal, J. L. Price, B. Man, M. W. Young, Science 263, 1603 (1994).
13. A. Sehgal, A. Ousley, M. Hunter-Ensor, Mol. Cell. Neurosci. 7, 165 (1996).
14. R. F. Johnson, R. Y. Moore, L. P. Morin, Brain Res. 460, 297 (1988).
15. S. M. Argamas et al., Biophys. Chem. 56, 3 (1995).
16. J. P. McMillan, H. C. Keatts, M. Menaker, J. Comp. Physiol. 102, 251 (1975).
17. J. W. Truman, ibid. 81, 99 (1972).
18. D. A. Wheeler, M. J. Hamblen-Coyle, M. S. Dushay, J. C. Hall, J. Biol. Rhythms 8, 67 (1993).
19. R. N. Van Gelder, H. Bae, M. J. Palazzolo, M. A. Krasnow, Curr. Biol. 5, 1424 (1995); R. N. Van Gelder and M. A. Krasnow, EMBO J. 15, 1625 (1996).
20. R. N. Van Gelder, H. Bae, M. J. Palazzolo, M. A. Krasnow, Curr. Biol. 5, 1424 (1995); R. N. Van Gelder and M. A. Krasnow, EMBO J. 15, 1625 (1996).
21. J. C. Hall, Trends Neurosci. 18, 230 (1995).
22. C. Brandes et al., Neuron 16, 687 (1996).
23. J. D. Plautz et al., J. Biol. Rhythms 12, 204 (1997).
24. R. Stanewsky, C. F. Jamison, J. D. Plautz, S. Kay, J. C. Hall, EMBO J. 16, 5006 (1997).
25. per-luc transgenics refer specifically to the plo1a-1 line described in (20). The per-promoter-GAL4 fusion gene (per-GAL4) was made as has been done with other promoters (37). The construct contains the same 4,2-kb genomic fragment used in the perluc fusion (20) upstream of the GAL4 gene and the hsp-70 terminator. This fragment was ligated into the P element transformation vector CaspeR4 (38). Six transformants with different insertion sites were generated. The spatial expression patterns of per-GAL4 in the adult head in these lines were studied by immunohistochemistry in flies carrying these GAL4 elements and either UAS-lacZ or UAS-Tau (39). Three of the six lines express GAL4 in various ectopic tissue locations as well as in a few of the normal perexpressing cells [see for example (6, 40)]. The other three lines were relatively normal in their expression patterns and had GAL4-mediated staining in several identified per neurons (cf. 6, 40). However, GAL4 expression in these three lines exhibited some differences from the endogenous per expression, such as weak eye expression and ectopic expression in the brain's central complex. The line used in this study is one of the latter three. To generate the actual fluorescent flies, we crossed these per-GAL4 flies to another transgenic line that drives GFP from the yeast UAS sequence [UAS-GFP (47)].
26. 2 and immediately separated into heads, thoraxes, and abdomens. Further dissections were performed on the individual body parts. Operations were carried out in a tissue culture medium consisting of (by volume) 85.9% S3 insect tissue culture media, 12% fetal bovine serum (heat inactivated for 30 min at 60°C), 1% penicillin-streptomycin mixture, 1% luciferin solution, and 0.1% insulin (1 mg/ml) solution. Cultures were monitored in the same solution throughout the experiment. The concentration of the luciferin solution varied from experiment to experiment, yielding a final concentration between 0.05 and 0.5 mM. Different concentrations of luciferin did not affect the period or phase of the rhythms, although higher concentrations led to brighter overall bioluminescence.
27. 2 followed by a drop of ether. Samples were observed with a longpass GFP filter cube (Chroma) on an Olympus AX-70 upright microscope; images were collected with a color charge-coupled device camera (Hamamatsu). Images were processed with Adobe Photoshop.
28. J. D. Plautz et al., Gene 173, 83 (1996).
29. R. F. Stocker, Cell Tissue Res. 275, 3 (1994).
30. J. D. Plautz and S. A. Kay, data not shown.
31. P. E. Hardin, Mol. Cell. Biol. 14, 7211 (1994).
32. X. Liu, L. Lorenz, Y. Qiang, J. C. Hall, M. Rosbash, Genes Dev. 2, 228 (1988).
33. D. K. Welsh, D. E. Logothetis, M. Meister, S. M. Reppert, Neuron 14, 697 (1995).
34. J. M. Power, J. M. Ringo, H. B. Dowse, J. Neurogenet. 9, 227 (1995).
35. L. P. O'Keefe and H. D. Baker, Physiol. Behav. 41, 193 (1987).
36. M. Martinez-Gomez, Y. Cruz, M. Salas, R. Hudson, P. Pacheco, ibid. 55, 651 (1994).
37. D. P. King et al., Cell 89, 641 (1997).
38. Z. S. Sun et al., ibid. 90, 1003 (1997); H. Tei et al., Nature 389, 512 (1997).
39. Z. S. Sun et al., ibid. 90, 1003 (1997); H. Tei et al., Nature 389, 512 (1997).
40. L. Luo, Y. J. Liao, L. Y. Jan, Y. N. Jan, Genes Dev. 8, 1787 (1994).
41. C. S. Thummel, A. M. Boulet, H. D. Lipshitz, Gene 74, 445 (1988).
42. K. Ito, H. Sass, J. Urban, A. Hofbauer, S. Schneuwly, Cell Tissue Res. 290, 1 (1997).
43. K. K. Siwicki, C. Eastman, G. Petersen, M. Rosbash, J. C. Hall, Neuron 1, 141 (1988).
44. Provided by B. J. Dickson.
45. We thank R. Stanewsky and B. J. Dickson for sharing fly lines and P. Hardin, J. Giebultowicz, and K. Siwicki for sharing unpublished data. This work was supported by National Institute of Mental Health grant MH-51573 (to S.A.K and J.C.H.) and the NSF Center for Biological Timing (to S.A.K.).