Very low fat diets

Circulation

Volumn 98, Issue 9, 1998, Pages 935-939

  Lichtenstein, Alice H ^a   Van Horn, Linda ^a  

^a NONE

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

FAT; HIGH DENSITY LIPOPROTEIN CHOLESTEROL; LOW DENSITY LIPOPROTEIN CHOLESTEROL;

ANGIOGRAPHY; BODY WEIGHT; CALORIC INTAKE; CHOLESTEROL BLOOD LEVEL; DIET THERAPY; EPIDEMIOLOGICAL DATA; FAT INTAKE; HIGH RISK POPULATION; HUMAN; LOW FAT DIET; NUTRITIONAL DEFICIENCY; PRIORITY JOURNAL; REVIEW; TRIACYLGLYCEROL BLOOD LEVEL;

EID: 0032169372     PISSN: 00097322     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1161/01.CIR.98.9.935     Document Type: Review

References (76)

1. Krauss RM, Deckelbaum RJ, Ernst N, Fisher E, Howard BV, Knopp RH, Kotchen T, Lichtenstein AH, McGill HC, Pearson TA, Prewitt TE, Stone NJ, VanHorn L, Weinberg R. Dietary guidelines for healthy American adults. Circulation. 1996;94:1795-1800.
2. Summary of the second report of the National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) expert panel on detection, evaluation, and treatment of high blood cholesterol in adults (Adult Treatment Panel II). JAMA. 1993;269:3015-3023.
3. WHO Study Group on Diet, Nutrition, and Prevention of Noncommunicable Diseases. Diet, nutrition and the prevention of chronic diseases: report of a WHO study group. WHO Technical Report Series. 1990:797.
4. Connor W, Connor S. Should a low fat, high carbohydrate diet be recommended for everyone? N Engl J Med. 1997;337:562-563.
5. Katan MB, Grundy SM, Willett WC. Beyond low-fat diets. N Engl J Med. 1997;337:563-566.
6. Denke MA. Individual responsiveness to a cholesterol lowering diet in postmenopausal women with moderate hypercholesterolemia. Arch Intern Med. 1994;154:1977-1982.
7. Ginsberg HN, Barr SL, Gilbert A, Karmally W, Deckelbaum R, Kaplan K, Ramakrishman R, Holleran S, Dell RB. Reduction of plasma cholesterol levels in normal men on an American Heart Association Step 1 diet or a Step 1 diet with added monounsaturated fat. N Engl J Med. 1990; 322:574-579.
8. Schaefer EJ, Lichtenstein AH, Lamon-Fava S, Contois JH, Li Z, Goldin BR, Rasmussen H, McNamara JR, Ordovas JM. Effects of National Cholesterol Education Program Step 2 diets relatively high or relatively low in fish-derived fatty acids on plasma lipoproteins in middle-aged and elderly subjects. Am J Clin Nutr. 1996;63:234-241.
9. Keys A. Coronary heart disease in seven countries. Circulation. 1970; 41(suppl 1):I-1-I-8.
10. Kato H, Tillotson J, Nichaman MZ, Rhoads GG, Hamilton HB. Epidemiologic studies of coronary heart disease and stroke in Japanese men living in Japan, Hawaii and California. Am J Epidemiol. 1973;97: 372-385.
11. Koga Y, Hashimoto R, Adachi H, Tsuruta M, Tashiro H, Toshima H. Recent trends in cardiovascular disease and risk factors in the seven countries study: Japan. In: Toshima H, Koga Y, Blackburn H, Keys A, eds. Lessons for Science from the Seven Countries Study. Tokyo, Japan: Springer Publishing Co Inc; 1994:63-74.
12. Weisburger JH. Dietary fat and risk of chronic disease: mechanistic insights from experimental studies. J Am Diet Assoc. 1997;97:S16-S23.
13. Lyu LC, Shieh MJ, Posner BM, Ordovas JM, Dwyer JT, Lichtenstein AH, Cupples LA, Dallal GE, Wilson PWF, Schaefer EJ. Relationship between dietary intake, lipoproteins, and apolipoproteins in Taipei and Framingham. Am J Clin Nutr. 1994;60:765-774.
14. Pan WH, Chiang BN. Plasma lipid profiles and epidemiology of atherosclerosis in Taiwan: a unique experience. Atherosclerosis. 1995;118: 285-295.
15. McDowell MA, Briefel RR, Alaimo K, Bischof AM, Caughman CR, Carroll MD, Loria CM, Johnson CL. Energy and macronutrient intakes of persons ages 2 months and over in the United States: Third National Health and Nutrition Examination survey, Phase 1, 1988-1991. US Government Printing Office. Vital and Health Statistics, CDC No. 255, Oct 24, 1994.
16. Sacks FM, Castelli WP, Donner A, Kass EH. Plasma lipids and lipoproteins in vegetarians and controls. N Engl J Med. 1975;292: 1148-1151.
17. Otani H, Kita T, Ueda Y, Kawai C, Takama T, Matsazawa Y, Nakaya N, Ishihara H, Domae N, Yoshii M, Miyazaki S. Long term effects of a cholesterol free diet in serum cholesterol levels in Zen monks. N Engl J Med. 1992;326:416.
18. Niebauer J, Hambrecht R, Velich T, Hauer K, Marburger C, Kalberer B, Weiss C, von Hodenberg E, Schlierf G, Schuler G, Zimmermann R, Kubler W. Attenuated progression of coronary artery disease after 6 years of multifactorial risk intervention: role of physical exercise. Circulation. 1997;96:2534-2541.
19. Ornish D, Brown SE, Scherwitz LW, Billings JH, Armstrong WT, Ports TA, McLanahan SM, Kirkeeide RL, Brand RJ, Gould KL. Can lifestyle changes reverse coronary heart disease? The Lifestyle Heart Trial. Lancet. 1990;336:129-133.
20. Barnard RJ, DeLauro SC, Inkeles SB. Effects of intensive diet and exercise intervention in patients taking cholesterol lowering drugs. Am J Cardiol. 1997;79:1112-1114.
21. Schaefer EJ, Levy RI, Ernst ND, Van Sant FD, Brewer HB Jr. The effects of low cholesterol, high polyunsaturated fat, and low fat diets on plasma lipid and lipoprotein cholesterol levels in normal and hypercholesterolemic subjects. Am J Clin Nutr. 1981;34:1758-1763.
22. Thuesen L, Henriksen LB, Engby B. One-year experience with a low-fat, low-cholesterol diet in patients with coronary heart disease. Am J Clin Nutr. 1986;44:212-219.
23. Ullmann D, Connor WE, Hatcher LF, Connor SL, Flavell DP. Will a high-carbohydrate, low-fat diet lower plasma lipids and lipoproteins without producing hypertriglyceridemia? Arterioscler Thromb. 1991;11: 1059-1067.
24. Heber D, Ashley JM, Leaf DA, Barnard RJ. Reduction of serum estradiol in postmenopausal women given free access to low-fat high-carbohydrate diet. Nutrition. 1991;7:137-139.
25. Clevidence BA, Judd JT, Schatzkin A, Meusing RA, Campbell WS, Brown CC, Taylor PR. Plasma lipid and lipoprotein concentrations of men consuming a low-fat, high-fiber diet. Am J Clin Nutr. 1992;55: 689-694.
26. Walford RL, Harris SB, Gunion MW. The calorically restricted low-fat nutrient-dense diet in Biosphere 2 significantly lowers blood glucose, total leukocyte count, cholesterol, and blood pressure in humans. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1992;89:11533-11537.
27. Kasim SE, Martino S, Kim PN, Khilnani S, Boomer A, Depper J, Reading BA, Heilbrun LK. Dietary and anthropometric determinants of plasma lipoproteins during a long-term low-fat diet in healthy women. Am J Clin Nutr. 1993;57:146-153.
28. Lichtenstein AH, Ausman LM, Carrasco W, Jenner JL, Ordovas JM, Schaefer EJ. Short-term consumption of a low-fat diet beneficially affects plasma lipid concentrations only when accompanied by weight loss. Arterioscler Thromb. 1994;14:1751-1760.
29. Schaefer EJ, Lichtenstein AH, Lamon-Fava S, McNamara JR, Schaefer MM, Rasmussen H, Ordovas JM. Body weight and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol changes after consumption of a low-fat ad libitum diet. JAMA. 1995;274:1450-1455.
30. Barr SL, Ramakrishnan R, Johnson C, Holleran S, Dell RB, Ginsberg HN. Reducing total dietary fat without reducing saturated fatty acids does not significantly lower total plasma cholesterol concentrations in normal males. Am J Clin Nutr. 1992;55:675-681.
31. Wolf RN, Grundy SM. Influence of exchanging carbohydrate for saturated fatty acids on plasma lipids and lipoproteins in men. J Nutr. 1983;113:1521-1528.
32. Reiser R, Probstfield JL, Silvers A, Scott LW, Shomey ML, Wood RD, O'Brien BC, Gotto AM Jr, Insull W Jr. Plasma lipid and lipoprotein response of humans to beef fat, coconut oil and safflower oil. Am J Clin Nutr. 1985;42:190-197.
33. Grundy SM. Comparison of monounsaturated fatty acids and carbohydrates for lowering plasma cholesterol. N Engl J Med. 1986;314:745-748.
34. Grundy SM, Nix D, Whelan MF, Franklin L. Comparison of three cholesterol lowering diets in normolipidemic men. JAMA. 1986;256: 2351-2355.
35. Mensink RP, Katan MB. Effect of monounsaturated fatty acids versus complex carbohydrates on high-density lipoproteins in healthy men and women. Lancet. 1987;1:122-125.
36. Truswell AS. Food carbohydrates and plasma lipids - an update. Am J Clin Nutr. 1994;59:710S-718S.
37. Knuiman JT, West CE, Katan MB, Hautvast JG. Total cholesterol and high density lipoprotein cholesterol levels in populations differing in fat and carbohydrate intake. Arteriosclerosis. 1987;7:612-619.
38. Antonis A, Bersohn I. The influence of diet on serum-triglycerides. Lancet. 1961;1:3-9.
39. Garg A, Bonanome A, Grundy SM, Zhang ZJ, Unger RH. Comparison of a high-carbohydrate diet with a high-monounsaturated-fat diet in patients with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. N Engl J Med. 1988;319: 829-834.
40. Li Z, McNamara JR, Fruchart JC, Luc G, Bard JM, Ordovas JM, Wilson PW, Schaefer EJ. Effects of gender and menopausal status on plasma lipoprotein subspecies and particle size. J Lipid Res. 1996;37:1886-1896.
41. Stampfer MJ, Krauss RM, Ma J, Blanche PJ, Holl LG, Sacks FM, Hennekens CH. A prospective study of triglyceride level, low-density lipoprotein particle diameter, and risk of myocardial infarction. JAMA. 1996;276:882-888.
42. Surwit RS, Feinglos MN, McCaskill CC, Clay SL, Babyak MA, Brownlow BS, Plaisted CS, Lin PH. Metabolic and behavioral effects of a high-sucrose diet during weightless. Am J Clin Nutr. 1997;65:908-915.
43. O'Dea K, Traianedes K, Ireland P, Niall M, Sadler J, Hopper J, De Luise M. The effects of diet differing in fat, carbohydrate, and fiber on carbohydrate and lipid metabolism in type II diabetes. J Am Diet Assoc. 1989;89:1076-1086.
44. Chen YD, Swami S, Skowronski R, Coulston AM, Reaven GM. Effect of variations in dietary fat and carbohydrate intake on postprandial lipemia in patients with noninsulin dependent diabetes mellitus. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 1993;76:347-351.
45. Jeppesen J, Schaaf P, Jones C, Zhou MY, Chen YD, Reaven GM. Effects of low-fat, high-carbohydrate diets on risk factors for ischemic heart disease in postmenopausal women. Am J Clin Nutr. 1997;65:1027-1033.
46. Nestel PJ, Reardon M, Fidge NH. Sucrose-induced changes in VLDL-and LDL-B apoprotein removal rates. Metabolism. 1979;28:531-535.
47. Hudgins LC, Hellerstein M, Seidman C, Neese R, Diakun J, Hirsch J. Human fatty acid synthesis is stimulated by a eucaloric low fat, high carbohydrate diet. J Clin Invest. 1996;97:2081-2091.
48. Rolls BJ, Hammer VA. Fat, carbohydrate and the regulation of energy intake. Am J Clin Nutr. 1995;62:1086S-1095S.
49. Rolls BJ, Shide DJ. The influence of dietary fat on food intake and body weight. Nutr Rev. 1992;50:283-290.
50. Rolls BJ. Carbohydrates, fats, and satiety. Am J Clin Nutr. 1995;61: 960S-967S.
51. Lissner L, Levitsky DA, Strupp BJ, Kalkwarf HJ, Roe DA. Dietary fat and the regulation of energy intake in human subjects. Am J Clin Nutr. 1987;46:886-892.
52. Kendall A, Levitsky DA, Strupp BJ, Lissner L. Weight loss on a low-fat diet: consequence of the imprecision of the control of food intake in humans. Am J Clin Nutr. 1991;53:1124-1129.
53. Foltin RW, Rolls BJ, Maran TH, Kelly TH, McNelis AL, Fischman MW. Caloric, but not macronutrient, compensation by humans for required-eating occasions with meals and snacks varying in fat and carbohydrate. Am J Clin Nutr. 1992;55:331-342.
54. Caputo FA, Mattes RD. Human dietary responses to cover manipulation of energy, fat and carbohydrate in a midday meal. Am J Clin Nutr. 1992;56:36-43.
55. Insull W Jr, Henderson MM, Prentice RL, Thompson DJ, Clifford C, Goldman S, Gorbach S, Moskowitz M, Thompson R, Woods M. Results of a randomized feasibility study of a low-fat diet. Arch Intern Med. 1990;150:421-427.
56. Henderson MM, Kushi LH, Thompson DJ, Gorbach SL, Clifford CK, Insull W Jr, Moskowitz M, Thompson RS. Feasibility of a randomized trial of a low-fat diet for the prevention of breast cancer: dietary compliance in the Women's Health Trial Vanguard Study. Prev Med. 1990; 19:115-133.
57. Sheppard L, Kristal AR, Kushi LH. Weight loss in women participating in a randomized trial of low-fat diets. Am J Clin Nutr. 1991;54:821-828.
58. Gould KL, Ornish D, Scherwitz L, Brown S, Edens RP, Hess MJ, Mullani N, Bolomey L, Dobbs F, Armstrong WT, Merritt T, Ports T, Sparler S, Billings J. Changes in myocardial perfusion abnormalities by positron emission tomography after long-term, intense risk factor modification. JAMA. 1995;274:894-901.
59. Lee-Han H, Cousins M, Beaton M, McGuire V, Kriukov V, Chipman M, Boyd N. Compliance in a randomized clinical trial of dietary fat reduction in patients with breast dysplasia. Am J Clin Nutr. 1988;48:575-586.
60. Boyar AP, Rose DP, Loughridge JR, Engle A, Palgi A, Laakso K, Kinne D, Wynder EL. Response to a diet low in total fat in women with postmenopausal breast cancer: a pilot study. Nutr Cancer. 1988;11: 93-99.
61. Bloemberg BP, Kromhout D, Goddijn HE, Jansen A, Obermann-de Boer GL. The impact of the Guidelines for a Healthy Diet of The Netherlands Nutrition Council on total and high density lipoprotein cholesterol in hypercholesterolemic free-living men. Am J Epidemiol. 1991;134:39-48.
62. Boyd NF, Cousins M, Beaton M, Kriukov V, Lockwood G, Tritchiler P. Quantitative changes in dietary fat intake and serum cholesterol in women: results from a randomized, controlled trial. Am J Clin Nutr. 1990;52:470-476.
63. Knopp RH, Walden CE, Retzlaff BM, McCann BS, Dowdy AA, Albers JJ, Gey GO, Cooper MN. Long-term cholesterol-lowering effects of 4 fat-restricted diets in hypercholesterolemic and combined hyperlipidemic men. JAMA. 1997;278:1509-1515.
64. Allred JB. Too much of a good thing? J Am Diet Assoc. 1995;95: 417-418.
65. Shide DJ, Rolls BJ. Information about the fat content of preloads influences energy intake in healthy women. J Am Diet Assoc. 1995;95: 993-998.
66. Dougherty RM, Fong AK, Iacono JM. Nutrient content of the diet when the fat is reduced. Am J Clin Nutr. 1988;48:970-979.
67. Retzlaff BM, Dowdy AA, Walden CE, McCann BS, Gey G, Cooper M, Knopp RH. Changes in vitamin and mineral intakes and serum concentrations among free-living men on cholesterol-lowering diets: the Dietary Alternatives Study. Am J Clin Nutr. 1991;53:890-898.
68. Siguel EN, Lerman RH. Role of essential fatty acids: dangers in the US Department of Agriculture dietary recommendations ('pyramid') and in low-fat diets. Am J Clin Nutr. 1994;60:973-974.
69. Olson RE. The dietary recommendations of the American Academy of Pediatrics. Am J Clin Nutr. 1995;61:271-273.
70. American Academy of Pediatrics Committee on Nutrition. Prudent life-style for children: dietary fat and cholesterol. Pediatrics. 1986;78: 521-525.
71. DISC Collaborative Research Group. Efficacy and safety of lowering dietary intake of fat and cholesterol in children with elevated low-density lipoprotein cholesterol. The Dietary Intervention Study in Children (DISC). JAMA. 1995;273:1429-1435.
72. Luepker RV, Perry CL, McKinlay SM, Nader PR, Parcel GS, Stone EJ, Webber LS, Elder JP, Fridman HA, Johnson CC. Outcomes of a field trial to improve children's dietary patterns and physical activity: The Child and Adolescent Trial for Cardiovascular Health. CATCH collaborative group. JAMA. 1996;275:768-776.
73. Niinikoski H, Lapinleimu H, Viikari J, Ronnemaa T, Jokinen E. Seppanen R, Terho P, Tuominen J, Valimaki I, Simell O. Growth until three years of age in a prospective randomized trial of a diet with reduced saturated fat and cholesterol. Pediatrics. 1997;99:687-694.
74. Peterson S, Sigman-Grant M. Impact of adopting lower-fat food choices on nutrient intake of American children. Pediatrics. 1997;100:4-10.
75. Innis SM, Nelson CM, Rioux MF, King DJ. Development of visual acuity in relation to plasma and erythrocyte omega-6 and omega-3 fatty acids in healthy term gestation infants. Am J Clin Nutr. 1994;60:347-352.
76. Makrides M, Neumann M, Simmer K, Pater J, Gibson R. Are long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids essential nutrients in infancy? Lancet. 1995; 345:1463-1468.