Hierarchical control of internal superstructure, diameter, and stability of supramolecular and macromolecular columns generated from tapered monodendritic building blocks

Macromolecules

Volumn 31, Issue 6, 1998, Pages 1745-1762

  Percec, V ^a   Schlueter, D ^a   Ungar, G ^b   Cheng, S Z D ^c   Zhang, A ^c  

^a CASE WESTERN RESERVE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^b UNIVERSITY OF SHEFFIELD   (United Kingdom)

^c University of Akron   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

DIFFERENTIAL SCANNING CALORIMETRY; MOLECULAR STRUCTURE; OPTICAL MICROSCOPY; POLYACRYLATES; SYNTHESIS (CHEMICAL); THERMODYNAMIC STABILITY; THERMOTROPIC LIQUID CRYSTALS; X RAY DIFFRACTION ANALYSIS;

MONODENDRONS; SUPRAMOLECULAR STRUCTURES;

MACROMOLECULES;

EID: 0032024399     PISSN: 00249297     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1021/ma971459p     Document Type: Article

References (39)

1. For selected publications from our laboratory on the self-assembly of taper shaped monodendrons evolved from phasmidic and hemiphasmidic architectures and of their supramolecular assemblies and polymers, see: (a) Percec, V.; Johansson, G.; Ungar, G.; Zhou, J. P. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1996, 118, 9855. (b) Percec, V.; Johansson, G.; Ungar, G.; Zhou, J. P. Macromolecules 1996, 29, 646. (c) Percec, V.; Schlueter, D.; Kwon, Y.-K.; Blackwell, J.; Möller, M.; Slangen, P. J. Macromolecules 1995, 28, 8807. (d) Percec, V.; Johannson, G.; Heck, J.; Ungar, G.: Batty, S. V. J. Chem. Soc., Perkin Trans. 1 1993, 1411. (e) Johansson, G.; Percec, V.; Ungar, G.; Abramic, D. J. Chem. Soc., Perkin Trans. 1 1994, 447. (f) Percec, V.; Heck, J.; Tomazos, D.; Falkenberg, F.; Blackwell, H.; Ungar, G. J. Chem. Soc., Perkin Trans. 1 1993, 2799. (g) Percec, V.; Heck, J.; Tomazos, D.; Ungar, G. J. Chem. Soc., Perkin Trans. 2 1993, 2381. (h) Percec, V.; Tomazos, D.; Heck, J.; Blackwell, H.; Ungar, G. J. Chem. Soc., Perkin Trans. 2 1994, 31. (i) Hudson, S. D.; Jung, H.-T.; Percec, V.; Cho, W.-D.; Johansson, G.; Ungar, G.; Balagurusamy V. S. K. Science 1997, 278, 449.
2. For selected publications from our laboratory on the self-assembly of taper shaped monodendrons evolved from phasmidic and hemiphasmidic architectures and of their supramolecular assemblies and polymers, see: (a) Percec, V.; Johansson, G.; Ungar, G.; Zhou, J. P. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1996, 118, 9855. (b) Percec, V.; Johansson, G.; Ungar, G.; Zhou, J. P. Macromolecules 1996, 29, 646. (c) Percec, V.; Schlueter, D.; Kwon, Y.-K.; Blackwell, J.; Möller, M.; Slangen, P. J. Macromolecules 1995, 28, 8807. (d) Percec, V.; Johannson, G.; Heck, J.; Ungar, G.: Batty, S. V. J. Chem. Soc., Perkin Trans. 1 1993, 1411. (e) Johansson, G.; Percec, V.; Ungar, G.; Abramic, D. J. Chem. Soc., Perkin Trans. 1 1994, 447. (f) Percec, V.; Heck, J.; Tomazos, D.; Falkenberg, F.; Blackwell, H.; Ungar, G. J. Chem. Soc., Perkin Trans. 1 1993, 2799. (g) Percec, V.; Heck, J.; Tomazos, D.; Ungar, G. J. Chem. Soc., Perkin Trans. 2 1993, 2381. (h) Percec, V.; Tomazos, D.; Heck, J.; Blackwell, H.; Ungar, G. J. Chem. Soc., Perkin Trans. 2 1994, 31. (i) Hudson, S. D.; Jung, H.-T.; Percec, V.; Cho, W.-D.; Johansson, G.; Ungar, G.; Balagurusamy V. S. K. Science 1997, 278, 449.
3. For selected publications from our laboratory on the self-assembly of taper shaped monodendrons evolved from phasmidic and hemiphasmidic architectures and of their supramolecular assemblies and polymers, see: (a) Percec, V.; Johansson, G.; Ungar, G.; Zhou, J. P. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1996, 118, 9855. (b) Percec, V.; Johansson, G.; Ungar, G.; Zhou, J. P. Macromolecules 1996, 29, 646. (c) Percec, V.; Schlueter, D.; Kwon, Y.-K.; Blackwell, J.; Möller, M.; Slangen, P. J. Macromolecules 1995, 28, 8807. (d) Percec, V.; Johannson, G.; Heck, J.; Ungar, G.: Batty, S. V. J. Chem. Soc., Perkin Trans. 1 1993, 1411. (e) Johansson, G.; Percec, V.; Ungar, G.; Abramic, D. J. Chem. Soc., Perkin Trans. 1 1994, 447. (f) Percec, V.; Heck, J.; Tomazos, D.; Falkenberg, F.; Blackwell, H.; Ungar, G. J. Chem. Soc., Perkin Trans. 1 1993, 2799. (g) Percec, V.; Heck, J.; Tomazos, D.; Ungar, G. J. Chem. Soc., Perkin Trans. 2 1993, 2381. (h) Percec, V.; Tomazos, D.; Heck, J.; Blackwell, H.; Ungar, G. J. Chem. Soc., Perkin Trans. 2 1994, 31. (i) Hudson, S. D.; Jung, H.-T.; Percec, V.; Cho, W.-D.; Johansson, G.; Ungar, G.; Balagurusamy V. S. K. Science 1997, 278, 449.
4. For selected publications from our laboratory on the self-assembly of taper shaped monodendrons evolved from phasmidic and hemiphasmidic architectures and of their supramolecular assemblies and polymers, see: (a) Percec, V.; Johansson, G.; Ungar, G.; Zhou, J. P. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1996, 118, 9855. (b) Percec, V.; Johansson, G.; Ungar, G.; Zhou, J. P. Macromolecules 1996, 29, 646. (c) Percec, V.; Schlueter, D.; Kwon, Y.-K.; Blackwell, J.; Möller, M.; Slangen, P. J. Macromolecules 1995, 28, 8807. (d) Percec, V.; Johannson, G.; Heck, J.; Ungar, G.: Batty, S. V. J. Chem. Soc., Perkin Trans. 1 1993, 1411. (e) Johansson, G.; Percec, V.; Ungar, G.; Abramic, D. J. Chem. Soc., Perkin Trans. 1 1994, 447. (f) Percec, V.; Heck, J.; Tomazos, D.; Falkenberg, F.; Blackwell, H.; Ungar, G. J. Chem. Soc., Perkin Trans. 1 1993, 2799. (g) Percec, V.; Heck, J.; Tomazos, D.; Ungar, G. J. Chem. Soc., Perkin Trans. 2 1993, 2381. (h) Percec, V.; Tomazos, D.; Heck, J.; Blackwell, H.; Ungar, G. J. Chem. Soc., Perkin Trans. 2 1994, 31. (i) Hudson, S. D.; Jung, H.-T.; Percec, V.; Cho, W.-D.; Johansson, G.; Ungar, G.; Balagurusamy V. S. K. Science 1997, 278, 449.
5. For selected publications from our laboratory on the self-assembly of taper shaped monodendrons evolved from phasmidic and hemiphasmidic architectures and of their supramolecular assemblies and polymers, see: (a) Percec, V.; Johansson, G.; Ungar, G.; Zhou, J. P. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1996, 118, 9855. (b) Percec, V.; Johansson, G.; Ungar, G.; Zhou, J. P. Macromolecules 1996, 29, 646. (c) Percec, V.; Schlueter, D.; Kwon, Y.-K.; Blackwell, J.; Möller, M.; Slangen, P. J. Macromolecules 1995, 28, 8807. (d) Percec, V.; Johannson, G.; Heck, J.; Ungar, G.: Batty, S. V. J. Chem. Soc., Perkin Trans. 1 1993, 1411. (e) Johansson, G.; Percec, V.; Ungar, G.; Abramic, D. J. Chem. Soc., Perkin Trans. 1 1994, 447. (f) Percec, V.; Heck, J.; Tomazos, D.; Falkenberg, F.; Blackwell, H.; Ungar, G. J. Chem. Soc., Perkin Trans. 1 1993, 2799. (g) Percec, V.; Heck, J.; Tomazos, D.; Ungar, G. J. Chem. Soc., Perkin Trans. 2 1993, 2381. (h) Percec, V.; Tomazos, D.; Heck, J.; Blackwell, H.; Ungar, G. J. Chem. Soc., Perkin Trans. 2 1994, 31. (i) Hudson, S. D.; Jung, H.-T.; Percec, V.; Cho, W.-D.; Johansson, G.; Ungar, G.; Balagurusamy V. S. K. Science 1997, 278, 449.
6. For selected publications from our laboratory on the self-assembly of taper shaped monodendrons evolved from phasmidic and hemiphasmidic architectures and of their supramolecular assemblies and polymers, see: (a) Percec, V.; Johansson, G.; Ungar, G.; Zhou, J. P. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1996, 118, 9855. (b) Percec, V.; Johansson, G.; Ungar, G.; Zhou, J. P. Macromolecules 1996, 29, 646. (c) Percec, V.; Schlueter, D.; Kwon, Y.-K.; Blackwell, J.; Möller, M.; Slangen, P. J. Macromolecules 1995, 28, 8807. (d) Percec, V.; Johannson, G.; Heck, J.; Ungar, G.: Batty, S. V. J. Chem. Soc., Perkin Trans. 1 1993, 1411. (e) Johansson, G.; Percec, V.; Ungar, G.; Abramic, D. J. Chem. Soc., Perkin Trans. 1 1994, 447. (f) Percec, V.; Heck, J.; Tomazos, D.; Falkenberg, F.; Blackwell, H.; Ungar, G. J. Chem. Soc., Perkin Trans. 1 1993, 2799. (g) Percec, V.; Heck, J.; Tomazos, D.; Ungar, G. J. Chem. Soc., Perkin Trans. 2 1993, 2381. (h) Percec, V.; Tomazos, D.; Heck, J.; Blackwell, H.; Ungar, G. J. Chem. Soc., Perkin Trans. 2 1994, 31. (i) Hudson, S. D.; Jung, H.-T.; Percec, V.; Cho, W.-D.; Johansson, G.; Ungar, G.; Balagurusamy V. S. K. Science 1997, 278, 449.
7. For selected publications from our laboratory on the self-assembly of taper shaped monodendrons evolved from phasmidic and hemiphasmidic architectures and of their supramolecular assemblies and polymers, see: (a) Percec, V.; Johansson, G.; Ungar, G.; Zhou, J. P. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1996, 118, 9855. (b) Percec, V.; Johansson, G.; Ungar, G.; Zhou, J. P. Macromolecules 1996, 29, 646. (c) Percec, V.; Schlueter, D.; Kwon, Y.-K.; Blackwell, J.; Möller, M.; Slangen, P. J. Macromolecules 1995, 28, 8807. (d) Percec, V.; Johannson, G.; Heck, J.; Ungar, G.: Batty, S. V. J. Chem. Soc., Perkin Trans. 1 1993, 1411. (e) Johansson, G.; Percec, V.; Ungar, G.; Abramic, D. J. Chem. Soc., Perkin Trans. 1 1994, 447. (f) Percec, V.; Heck, J.; Tomazos, D.; Falkenberg, F.; Blackwell, H.; Ungar, G. J. Chem. Soc., Perkin Trans. 1 1993, 2799. (g) Percec, V.; Heck, J.; Tomazos, D.; Ungar, G. J. Chem. Soc., Perkin Trans. 2 1993, 2381. (h) Percec, V.; Tomazos, D.; Heck, J.; Blackwell, H.; Ungar, G. J. Chem. Soc., Perkin Trans. 2 1994, 31. (i) Hudson, S. D.; Jung, H.-T.; Percec, V.; Cho, W.-D.; Johansson, G.; Ungar, G.; Balagurusamy V. S. K. Science 1997, 278, 449.
8. For selected publications from our laboratory on the self-assembly of taper shaped monodendrons evolved from phasmidic and hemiphasmidic architectures and of their supramolecular assemblies and polymers, see: (a) Percec, V.; Johansson, G.; Ungar, G.; Zhou, J. P. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1996, 118, 9855. (b) Percec, V.; Johansson, G.; Ungar, G.; Zhou, J. P. Macromolecules 1996, 29, 646. (c) Percec, V.; Schlueter, D.; Kwon, Y.-K.; Blackwell, J.; Möller, M.; Slangen, P. J. Macromolecules 1995, 28, 8807. (d) Percec, V.; Johannson, G.; Heck, J.; Ungar, G.: Batty, S. V. J. Chem. Soc., Perkin Trans. 1 1993, 1411. (e) Johansson, G.; Percec, V.; Ungar, G.; Abramic, D. J. Chem. Soc., Perkin Trans. 1 1994, 447. (f) Percec, V.; Heck, J.; Tomazos, D.; Falkenberg, F.; Blackwell, H.; Ungar, G. J. Chem. Soc., Perkin Trans. 1 1993, 2799. (g) Percec, V.; Heck, J.; Tomazos, D.; Ungar, G. J. Chem. Soc., Perkin Trans. 2 1993, 2381. (h) Percec, V.; Tomazos, D.; Heck, J.; Blackwell, H.; Ungar, G. J. Chem. Soc., Perkin Trans. 2 1994, 31. (i) Hudson, S. D.; Jung, H.-T.; Percec, V.; Cho, W.-D.; Johansson, G.; Ungar, G.; Balagurusamy V. S. K. Science 1997, 278, 449.
9. For selected publications from our laboratory on the self-assembly of taper shaped monodendrons evolved from phasmidic and hemiphasmidic architectures and of their supramolecular assemblies and polymers, see: (a) Percec, V.; Johansson, G.; Ungar, G.; Zhou, J. P. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1996, 118, 9855. (b) Percec, V.; Johansson, G.; Ungar, G.; Zhou, J. P. Macromolecules 1996, 29, 646. (c) Percec, V.; Schlueter, D.; Kwon, Y.-K.; Blackwell, J.; Möller, M.; Slangen, P. J. Macromolecules 1995, 28, 8807. (d) Percec, V.; Johannson, G.; Heck, J.; Ungar, G.: Batty, S. V. J. Chem. Soc., Perkin Trans. 1 1993, 1411. (e) Johansson, G.; Percec, V.; Ungar, G.; Abramic, D. J. Chem. Soc., Perkin Trans. 1 1994, 447. (f) Percec, V.; Heck, J.; Tomazos, D.; Falkenberg, F.; Blackwell, H.; Ungar, G. J. Chem. Soc., Perkin Trans. 1 1993, 2799. (g) Percec, V.; Heck, J.; Tomazos, D.; Ungar, G. J. Chem. Soc., Perkin Trans. 2 1993, 2381. (h) Percec, V.; Tomazos, D.; Heck, J.; Blackwell, H.; Ungar, G. J. Chem. Soc., Perkin Trans. 2 1994, 31. (i) Hudson, S. D.; Jung, H.-T.; Percec, V.; Cho, W.-D.; Johansson, G.; Ungar, G.; Balagurusamy V. S. K. Science 1997, 278, 449.
10. For some brief reviews from our laboratory on the self-assembly of taper-shaped monodendrons, see: (a) Percec, V.; Johansson, G. In Macromolecular Design of Polymeric Materials; Hatada, K., Kitayama, T., Vogl, O., Eds.; M. Dekker: New York, 1997. (b) Percec, V.; Johansson, G.; Schlueter, D.; Ronda, J. C.; Ungar, G. Macromol. Symp. 1996, 101, 43. (c) Percec, V.; Heck, J.; Johansson, G.; Tomazos, D.; Ungar, G. Macromol. Symp. 1994, 77, 237. (d) Percec, V.; Heck, J.; Johansson, G.; Tomazos, D.; Kawasumi, M.; Chu, P.; Ungar, G. J. Macromol. Sci. - Pure Appl. Chem. 1994, A31, 1719. (e) Percec, V.; Heck, J.; Johansson, G.; Tomazos, D.; Kawasumi, M.; Chu, P.; Ungar, G. Mol. Cryst. Liq. Cryst. 1994, 254, 137. (f) Percec, V.; Ahn, C.-H.; Cho, W.-D.; Johansson, G.: Schlueter, D. Macromol. Chem. 1997, 118, 33.
11. For some brief reviews from our laboratory on the self-assembly of taper-shaped monodendrons, see: (a) Percec, V.; Johansson, G. In Macromolecular Design of Polymeric Materials; Hatada, K., Kitayama, T., Vogl, O., Eds.; M. Dekker: New York, 1997. (b) Percec, V.; Johansson, G.; Schlueter, D.; Ronda, J. C.; Ungar, G. Macromol. Symp. 1996, 101, 43. (c) Percec, V.; Heck, J.; Johansson, G.; Tomazos, D.; Ungar, G. Macromol. Symp. 1994, 77, 237. (d) Percec, V.; Heck, J.; Johansson, G.; Tomazos, D.; Kawasumi, M.; Chu, P.; Ungar, G. J. Macromol. Sci. - Pure Appl. Chem. 1994, A31, 1719. (e) Percec, V.; Heck, J.; Johansson, G.; Tomazos, D.; Kawasumi, M.; Chu, P.; Ungar, G. Mol. Cryst. Liq. Cryst. 1994, 254, 137. (f) Percec, V.; Ahn, C.-H.; Cho, W.-D.; Johansson, G.: Schlueter, D. Macromol. Chem. 1997, 118, 33.
12. For some brief reviews from our laboratory on the self-assembly of taper-shaped monodendrons, see: (a) Percec, V.; Johansson, G. In Macromolecular Design of Polymeric Materials; Hatada, K., Kitayama, T., Vogl, O., Eds.; M. Dekker: New York, 1997. (b) Percec, V.; Johansson, G.; Schlueter, D.; Ronda, J. C.; Ungar, G. Macromol. Symp. 1996, 101, 43. (c) Percec, V.; Heck, J.; Johansson, G.; Tomazos, D.; Ungar, G. Macromol. Symp. 1994, 77, 237. (d) Percec, V.; Heck, J.; Johansson, G.; Tomazos, D.; Kawasumi, M.; Chu, P.; Ungar, G. J. Macromol. Sci. - Pure Appl. Chem. 1994, A31, 1719. (e) Percec, V.; Heck, J.; Johansson, G.; Tomazos, D.; Kawasumi, M.; Chu, P.; Ungar, G. Mol. Cryst. Liq. Cryst. 1994, 254, 137. (f) Percec, V.; Ahn, C.-H.; Cho, W.-D.; Johansson, G.: Schlueter, D. Macromol. Chem. 1997, 118, 33.
13. For some brief reviews from our laboratory on the self-assembly of taper-shaped monodendrons, see: (a) Percec, V.; Johansson, G. In Macromolecular Design of Polymeric Materials; Hatada, K., Kitayama, T., Vogl, O., Eds.; M. Dekker: New York, 1997. (b) Percec, V.; Johansson, G.; Schlueter, D.; Ronda, J. C.; Ungar, G. Macromol. Symp. 1996, 101, 43. (c) Percec, V.; Heck, J.; Johansson, G.; Tomazos, D.; Ungar, G. Macromol. Symp. 1994, 77, 237. (d) Percec, V.; Heck, J.; Johansson, G.; Tomazos, D.; Kawasumi, M.; Chu, P.; Ungar, G. J. Macromol. Sci. - Pure Appl. Chem. 1994, A31, 1719. (e) Percec, V.; Heck, J.; Johansson, G.; Tomazos, D.; Kawasumi, M.; Chu, P.; Ungar, G. Mol. Cryst. Liq. Cryst. 1994, 254, 137. (f) Percec, V.; Ahn, C.-H.; Cho, W.-D.; Johansson, G.: Schlueter, D. Macromol. Chem. 1997, 118, 33.
14. For some brief reviews from our laboratory on the self-assembly of taper-shaped monodendrons, see: (a) Percec, V.; Johansson, G. In Macromolecular Design of Polymeric Materials; Hatada, K., Kitayama, T., Vogl, O., Eds.; M. Dekker: New York, 1997. (b) Percec, V.; Johansson, G.; Schlueter, D.; Ronda, J. C.; Ungar, G. Macromol. Symp. 1996, 101, 43. (c) Percec, V.; Heck, J.; Johansson, G.; Tomazos, D.; Ungar, G. Macromol. Symp. 1994, 77, 237. (d) Percec, V.; Heck, J.; Johansson, G.; Tomazos, D.; Kawasumi, M.; Chu, P.; Ungar, G. J. Macromol. Sci. - Pure Appl. Chem. 1994, A31, 1719. (e) Percec, V.; Heck, J.; Johansson, G.; Tomazos, D.; Kawasumi, M.; Chu, P.; Ungar, G. Mol. Cryst. Liq. Cryst. 1994, 254, 137. (f) Percec, V.; Ahn, C.-H.; Cho, W.-D.; Johansson, G.: Schlueter, D. Macromol. Chem. 1997, 118, 33.
15. For some brief reviews from our laboratory on the self-assembly of taper-shaped monodendrons, see: (a) Percec, V.; Johansson, G. In Macromolecular Design of Polymeric Materials; Hatada, K., Kitayama, T., Vogl, O., Eds.; M. Dekker: New York, 1997. (b) Percec, V.; Johansson, G.; Schlueter, D.; Ronda, J. C.; Ungar, G. Macromol. Symp. 1996, 101, 43. (c) Percec, V.; Heck, J.; Johansson, G.; Tomazos, D.; Ungar, G. Macromol. Symp. 1994, 77, 237. (d) Percec, V.; Heck, J.; Johansson, G.; Tomazos, D.; Kawasumi, M.; Chu, P.; Ungar, G. J. Macromol. Sci. - Pure Appl. Chem. 1994, A31, 1719. (e) Percec, V.; Heck, J.; Johansson, G.; Tomazos, D.; Kawasumi, M.; Chu, P.; Ungar, G. Mol. Cryst. Liq. Cryst. 1994, 254, 137. (f) Percec, V.; Ahn, C.-H.; Cho, W.-D.; Johansson, G.: Schlueter, D. Macromol. Chem. 1997, 118, 33.
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24. For the pioneering report on the synthesis of cylindrical dendrimers, see: (a) Tomalia, D. A.; Kirchhoff. U. S. Patent 1987, 4,694,064. For recent strategies to cylindrical shaped and other structures from polymers containing Fréchet-type monodendrons as side groups, see: (b) Fréchet, J. M. J.; Gitsov, I. Macromol. Symp. 1995, 98, 44. (c) Karakaya, B.; Claussen, W.; Gessler, K.; Saenger, W.; Schlüter, A.-D. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1997, 119, 3296 and references therein; (d) Niggemann, M.; Ritter, H. Acta Polym. 1996, 47 351 and references therein; (e) Chen, Y.-M.; Chen, C.-F.; Liu, W.-H.; Li, F.-Y.; Xi, F. Macromol. Rapid Commun. 1996, 17, 40. (f) Kaneko, T.; Horie, T.; Asano, M.; Toshiki, A.; Oikawa, E. Macromolecules 1997, 30, 3118 and references therein.
25. For the pioneering report on the synthesis of cylindrical dendrimers, see: (a) Tomalia, D. A.; Kirchhoff. U. S. Patent 1987, 4,694,064. For recent strategies to cylindrical shaped and other structures from polymers containing Fréchet-type monodendrons as side groups, see: (b) Fréchet, J. M. J.; Gitsov, I. Macromol. Symp. 1995, 98, 44. (c) Karakaya, B.; Claussen, W.; Gessler, K.; Saenger, W.; Schlüter, A.-D. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1997, 119, 3296 and references therein; (d) Niggemann, M.; Ritter, H. Acta Polym. 1996, 47 351 and references therein; (e) Chen, Y.-M.; Chen, C.-F.; Liu, W.-H.; Li, F.-Y.; Xi, F. Macromol. Rapid Commun. 1996, 17, 40. (f) Kaneko, T.; Horie, T.; Asano, M.; Toshiki, A.; Oikawa, E. Macromolecules 1997, 30, 3118 and references therein.
26. For the pioneering report on the synthesis of cylindrical dendrimers, see: (a) Tomalia, D. A.; Kirchhoff. U. S. Patent 1987, 4,694,064. For recent strategies to cylindrical shaped and other structures from polymers containing Fréchet-type monodendrons as side groups, see: (b) Fréchet, J. M. J.; Gitsov, I. Macromol. Symp. 1995, 98, 44. (c) Karakaya, B.; Claussen, W.; Gessler, K.; Saenger, W.; Schlüter, A.-D. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1997, 119, 3296 and references therein; (d) Niggemann, M.; Ritter, H. Acta Polym. 1996, 47 351 and references therein; (e) Chen, Y.-M.; Chen, C.-F.; Liu, W.-H.; Li, F.-Y.; Xi, F. Macromol. Rapid Commun. 1996, 17, 40. (f) Kaneko, T.; Horie, T.; Asano, M.; Toshiki, A.; Oikawa, E. Macromolecules 1997, 30, 3118 and references therein.
27. For the pioneering report on the synthesis of cylindrical dendrimers, see: (a) Tomalia, D. A.; Kirchhoff. U. S. Patent 1987, 4,694,064. For recent strategies to cylindrical shaped and other structures from polymers containing Fréchet-type monodendrons as side groups, see: (b) Fréchet, J. M. J.; Gitsov, I. Macromol. Symp. 1995, 98, 44. (c) Karakaya, B.; Claussen, W.; Gessler, K.; Saenger, W.; Schlüter, A.-D. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1997, 119, 3296 and references therein; (d) Niggemann, M.; Ritter, H. Acta Polym. 1996, 47 351 and references therein; (e) Chen, Y.-M.; Chen, C.-F.; Liu, W.-H.; Li, F.-Y.; Xi, F. Macromol. Rapid Commun. 1996, 17, 40. (f) Kaneko, T.; Horie, T.; Asano, M.; Toshiki, A.; Oikawa, E. Macromolecules 1997, 30, 3118 and references therein.
28. For the pioneering report on the synthesis of cylindrical dendrimers, see: (a) Tomalia, D. A.; Kirchhoff. U. S. Patent 1987, 4,694,064. For recent strategies to cylindrical shaped and other structures from polymers containing Fréchet-type monodendrons as side groups, see: (b) Fréchet, J. M. J.; Gitsov, I. Macromol. Symp. 1995, 98, 44. (c) Karakaya, B.; Claussen, W.; Gessler, K.; Saenger, W.; Schlüter, A.-D. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1997, 119, 3296 and references therein; (d) Niggemann, M.; Ritter, H. Acta Polym. 1996, 47 351 and references therein; (e) Chen, Y.-M.; Chen, C.-F.; Liu, W.-H.; Li, F.-Y.; Xi, F. Macromol. Rapid Commun. 1996, 17, 40. (f) Kaneko, T.; Horie, T.; Asano, M.; Toshiki, A.; Oikawa, E. Macromolecules 1997, 30, 3118 and references therein.
29. For the pioneering report on the synthesis of cylindrical dendrimers, see: (a) Tomalia, D. A.; Kirchhoff. U. S. Patent 1987, 4,694,064. For recent strategies to cylindrical shaped and other structures from polymers containing Fréchet-type monodendrons as side groups, see: (b) Fréchet, J. M. J.; Gitsov, I. Macromol. Symp. 1995, 98, 44. (c) Karakaya, B.; Claussen, W.; Gessler, K.; Saenger, W.; Schlüter, A.-D. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1997, 119, 3296 and references therein; (d) Niggemann, M.; Ritter, H. Acta Polym. 1996, 47 351 and references therein; (e) Chen, Y.-M.; Chen, C.-F.; Liu, W.-H.; Li, F.-Y.; Xi, F. Macromol. Rapid Commun. 1996, 17, 40. (f) Kaneko, T.; Horie, T.; Asano, M.; Toshiki, A.; Oikawa, E. Macromolecules 1997, 30, 3118 and references therein.
30. For examples of polymacromonomers containing polystyrene side groups, see: (a) Wintermantel, M.; Gerle, M.; Fischer, K.; Schmidt, M.; Wataoka, I.; Urakawa, H.; Kajiwara, K.; Tsukahara, Y. Macromolecules 1996, 29, 978. (b) Wintermantel, M.; Fischer, K.; Gerle, M.; Ries, R.; Schmidt, M.; Kajiwara, K.; Urakawa, H.; Wataoka, I. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1995, 34, 1472.
31. For examples of polymacromonomers containing polystyrene side groups, see: (a) Wintermantel, M.; Gerle, M.; Fischer, K.; Schmidt, M.; Wataoka, I.; Urakawa, H.; Kajiwara, K.; Tsukahara, Y. Macromolecules 1996, 29, 978. (b) Wintermantel, M.; Fischer, K.; Gerle, M.; Ries, R.; Schmidt, M.; Kajiwara, K.; Urakawa, H.; Wataoka, I. Angew. Chem., Int. Ed. Engl. 1995, 34, 1472.
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