Alcoholic liver disease

Current Opinion in Gastroenterology

Volumn 14, Issue 3, 1998, Pages 234-241

  Kwo, Paul Y ^a   Lumeng, Lawrence ^a  

^a INDIANA UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF MEDICINE   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ACETALDEHYDE; ALCOHOL; CORTICOSTEROID; CYTOCHROME P450; PENTOXIFYLLINE; REACTIVE OXYGEN METABOLITE; S ADENOSYLMETHIONINE; XENOBIOTIC AGENT;

ALCOHOL LIVER CIRRHOSIS; CELL PROLIFERATION; CELL TRANSFORMATION; CLINICAL TRIAL; ENDOTHELIUM CELL; ENDOTOXEMIA; ENVIRONMENTAL FACTOR; HEREDITY; HUMAN; INTESTINE FLORA; KUPFFER CELL; LIVER SINUSOID; LIVER TOXICITY; NONHUMAN; NUTRITION; PATHOGENESIS; REVIEW; SEX DIFFERENCE; STELLATE CELL;

EID: 0031896774     PISSN: 02671379     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1097/00001574-199805000-00009     Document Type: Review

References (41)

1. Lieber CS: Ethanol metabolism, cirrhosis and alcoholism. Clinica Chim Acta 1997, 257:59-84.
2. Lieber CS: Role of oxidative stress and antioxidant therapy in alcoholic and nonalcoholic liver diseases. Adv Pharmacol 1997, 38:601-628.
3. Lieber CS: Cytochrome P-4502E1:its physiological and pathological role. Physiol Rev 1997, 77:577-544.
4. Kaplowitz N, Tsukamoto H: Oxidative stress and liver disease. Progr Liver Dis 1996, 14:131-159.
5. Fisher N, Afford S, Adams DA: Adhesion molecules and alcoholic liver disease. Hepato-Gastroenterol 1996, 43:113-116.
6. Nanji AA, Rahemtulla A, Daly T, Khwaja S, Miao L, Zhao S, Tahan SR: Cholesterol supplementation prevents necrosis and inflammation but enhances fibrosis in alcoholic liver disease in the rat. Hepatology 1997, 26:90-97. This study as well as others imply that the type and amount of dietary fats can greatly modify alcohol-induced liver injury.
7. Imuro Y, Frankenberg MV, Arteel GE, Bradford BU, Wall CA, Thurman RG: Female rats exhibit greater susceptibility to early alcohol-induced liver injury than males. Am J Physiol 1997, 272:G1186-G1194. This report confirms the clinical impression that the female gender provides a milieu that somehow accelerates and aggravates the extent of liver injury induced by ethanol.
8. Crabb DW: Ethanol oxidizing enzymes: roles in alcohol metabolism • and alcoholic liver disease. Prog Liver Dis 1995, 13:151-172. This review provides an excellent summary of our understanding of alcohol-metabolizing enzymes and their polymorphisms in regulating alcohol-drinking behavior and to some extent the susceptibility to ALD in humans.
9. Chao YC, Young TH, Tang HS, Hsu CT: Alcoholism and alcoholic organ damage and genetic polymorphisms of alcohol metabolizing enzymes in Chinese patients. Hepatology 1997, 25:112-117.
10. Clemmesen JO, Ott P, Sestoft L: The effect of cimetidine on ethanol concentrations in fasting women and men after two different doses of alcohol. Scand J Gastroenterol 1997, 32:217-220.
11. Yin SJ, Liao CS, Wu CW, Li TT, Chen LL, Lai CL, Tsao TY: Human stomach alcohol and aldehyde dehydrogenases: comparison of expression pattern and activities in alimentary tract. Gastroenterology 1997, 112:766-775.
12. Schiodt FV, Rochling FA, Casey DL, Lee WM: Acetaminophen toxicity in • an urban county hospital. N Engl J Med 1997, 337:1112-1117. This clinical study indicates that accidental overdose of acetaminophen in alcohol abusers is an important cause of severe acute hepatitis in an urban county hospital.
13. Parola M, Robino G, Bordone R, Leonarduzzi G, Casini A, Pinzani M, Neve E, Bellomo G, Dianzani MU, Ingleman-Sundberg M, Albano E: Detection of cytochrome P4503A (CYP3A) in human hepatic stellate cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1997, 238:420-424. This study provides a better understanding of the alcohol metabolizing enzymes present in human HSCs. HSCs do not contain CYP2E1, but only CYP3A subfamily of enzymes. The role of CYP3A in alcohol metabolism is unclear.
14. Yang MX, Cederbaum AI: Characterization of cytochrome P4502E1 turnover in transfected Hep G2 cells expressing human CYP2E1. Arch Biochem Biophys 1997, 341:25-33.
15. Yang MX, Cederbaum AI: Glycerol increases content and activity of human cytochrome P-4502E1 in a transduced HepG2 cell line by protein stabilization. Alcoholism: Clin Exp Res 1997, 21:340-347.
16. Chen Q, Galleano M, Cederbaum AI: Cytotoxicity and apoptosis produced by arachidonic acid in Hep G2 cells overexpressing human cytochrome P4502E1. J Biol Chem 1997, 272:14532-14541. This study as well as papers by Yang and Cedarbaum (Alcoholism: Clin Exp Res 1997, 21:340-347 and Arch Biochem Biophys 1997, 341:25-33) describe further the usefulness of the Hep G2 cell line (MVh2E1-9), which Dr. Cederbaum and his colleagues have successfully transfected to stably express CYP2E1. Through lipid peroxidation, apoptosis was induced. These studies and others by this group clearly indicate that the MVh2E1-9 cell line is a powerful tool to study the significance of CYP2E1 in producing liver injury when exposed to a variety of agents including ethanol.
17. Chen Q, Galleano M, Cederbaum AI: Cytotoxicity and apoptosis produced by arachidonic acid in Hep G2 cells overexpressing human cytochrome P4502E1. J Biol Chem 1997, 272:14532-14541. This study as well as papers by Yang and Cedarbaum (Alcoholism: Clin Exp Res 1997, 21:340-347 and Arch Biochem Biophys 1997, 341:25-33) describe further the usefulness of the Hep G2 cell line (MVh2E1-9), which Dr. Cederbaum and his colleagues have successfully transfected to stably express CYP2E1. Through lipid peroxidation, apoptosis was induced. These studies and others by this group clearly indicate that the MVh2E1-9 cell line is a powerful tool to study the significance of CYP2E1 in producing liver injury when exposed to a variety of agents including ethanol.
18. Chen Q, Galleano M, Cederbaum AI: Cytotoxicity and apoptosis produced by arachidonic acid in Hep G2 cells overexpressing human cytochrome P4502E1. J Biol Chem 1997, 272:14532-14541. This study as well as papers by Yang and Cedarbaum (Alcoholism: Clin Exp Res 1997, 21:340-347 and Arch Biochem Biophys 1997, 341:25-33) describe further the usefulness of the Hep G2 cell line (MVh2E1-9), which Dr. Cederbaum and his colleagues have successfully transfected to stably express CYP2E1. Through lipid peroxidation, apoptosis was induced. These studies and others by this group clearly indicate that the MVh2E1-9 cell line is a powerful tool to study the significance of CYP2E1 in producing liver injury when exposed to a variety of agents including ethanol.
19. Gergel D, Misik V, Riesz P, Cederbaum AI: Inhibition of rat and human cytochrome P4502E1 catalytic activity and reactive oxygen radical formation by nitric oxide. Arch Biochem Biophys 1997, 337:239-250.
20. Puntarulo S, Cederbaum AI: Inhibition of ferritin-stimulated microsomal production of reactive oxygen intermediates by nitric oxide. Arch Biochem Biophys 1997, 340:19-26.
21. Rouach H, Fataccioli V, Gentil M, French SW, Morimoto M, Nordmann R: Effect of chronic ethanol feeding on lipid peroxidation and protein oxidation in relation to liver pathology. Hepatology 1997, 25:351-355.
22. Kurose I, Higuchi H, Kato S, Miura S, Watanabe N, Kamegaya Y, Tomita K, Takaishi M, Hone Y, Fukuda M, Mizukami K, Ishii H: Oxidative stress on mitochondria and cell. Gastroenterology 1997, 1331-1343.
23. Kurose I, Higuchi H, Miura S, Saito H, Watanabe N, Hokari R, Hirokawa M, Takaishi M, Zeki S, Nakamura T, Ebinuma H, Kato S, Ishii H: Oxidative stress-mediated apoptosis of hepatocytes exposed to acute ethanol intoxication. Hepatology 1997, 25:368-378. This paper and others from Dr. Ishii's lab clearly demonstrate that oxygen stress can produce apoptosis of hepatocytes when exposed to alcohol acutely.
24. Savolainen VT, Pajarinen J, Perola M, Penttila A, Karhunen PJ: Polymorphism in the cytochrome P450 2E1 gene and the risk of alcoholic liver disease. Hepatology 1997, 26:55-61. This paper confirms previous work by others, including our laboratory, that polymorphisms of cytochrome 2E1 gene known to date do not predict increased risk for the development of ALD.
25. Hu Y, Oscarson M, Johansson I, Yue QY, Dahl ML, Tabone M, Arinco S, Albano E, Ingelman-Sundberg M: Genetic polymorphism of human CYP2E1: characterization of two variant alleles. Molecular Pharmacol 1997, 51:370-376.
26. Li CJ, Nanji AA, Siakotos AN, Lin RC: Acetaldehyde-modified and 4- hydroxynonenal-modified proteins in the livers of rats with alcoholic liver disease. Hepatology 1997, 26:650-657. This report, as well as others from our laboratory, strongly implicates an important role of the 37KD protein-acetaldehyde adduct in the genesis of alcohol-induced liver injury.
27. Tsukamoto H, Rippe R, Niemela O, Lin M: Roles of oxidative stress in • activation of Kupffer and Ito cells in liver fibrogenesis. J Gastro Hepatol 1995, 10:S50-S53. Although still controversial, this report suggested a strong correlation between the deposition of MDA- and 4HNE-protein adducts and hepatic fibrogenesis.
28. Clot P, Parola M, Bellomo G, Dianzani U, Carini R, Tabone M, Arico S, Ingleman-Sundberg M, Albano E: Plasma membrane hydroxyethyl radical adducts cause antibody-dependent cytotoxicity in rat hepatocytes exposed to alcohol. Gastroenterology 1997, 113:265-276. This report indicates that hydroxyethyl radical adducts are found on the surface of rat hepatocytes exposed to alcohol and that they can induce an antibody-dependent cytotoxicity.
29. Koop DR, Klopfenstein B, Iimuro Y, Thurman RG: Gadolinium chloride blocks alcohol-dependent liver toxicity in rats treated chronically with intragastric alcohol despite the induction of CYP2E1. Molecular Pharmacol 1997, 51:944-950. This publication emphasizes the role of action of KCs (directly or indirectly via endotoxemia) by alcohol ingestion in the production of steatosis, necroinflammation, and fibrosis in rats given alcohol chronically by intragastric ethanol infusion.
30. Ikejima K, Qu W, Stachlewitz RF, Thurman RG: Kupffer cells contain a glycine-gated chloride channel. Am J Physiol 1997, 272:G1581-G1586.
31. Nanji AA, Miao L, Thomas P, Rahemtulla A, Khwaja S, Zhao S, Peters D, Tahan SR, Dannenberg AJ: Enhanced cyctooxygenase-2 gene expression in alcoholic liver disease in the rat. Gastroenterology 1997, 112:943-951.
32. Nanji AA, Rahemtulla A, Miao L, Khwaja S, Zhao S, Tahan SR, Thomas P: Alterations in thromboxane synthase and thromboxane A2 receptors in experimental alcoholic liver disease. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 1997, 282:1037-1043.
33. Nanji AA, Khwaja S, Rahemtulla A, Miao L, Zhao S, Tahan SR: Thromboxane inhibitors attenuate pathological changes in alcoholic liver disease in the rat. Gastroenterology 1997, 112:200-207. This paper by Nanji and his group, as well as the Gastroenterology 1997, 112:943-951 and J Pharmacol Exp Ther 1997, 282:1037-1043 articles, demonstrated the importance of thromboxanes as vasoactive and proinflammatory agents in the production of alcoholic liver disease in rats treated with continuous intragastric ethanol infusion over 4 to 6 weeks time.
34. Nanji AA, Khwaja S, Rahemtulla A, Miao L, Zhao S, Tahan SR: Thromboxane inhibitors attenuate pathological changes in alcoholic liver disease in the rat. Gastroenterology 1997, 112:200-207. This paper by Nanji and his group, as well as the Gastroenterology 1997, 112:943-951 and J Pharmacol Exp Ther 1997, 282:1037-1043 articles, demonstrated the importance of thromboxanes as vasoactive and proinflammatory agents in the production of alcoholic liver disease in rats treated with continuous intragastric ethanol infusion over 4 to 6 weeks time.
35. Nanji AA, Khwaja S, Rahemtulla A, Miao L, Zhao S, Tahan SR: Thromboxane inhibitors attenuate pathological changes in alcoholic liver disease in the rat. Gastroenterology 1997, 112:200-207. This paper by Nanji and his group, as well as the Gastroenterology 1997, 112:943-951 and J Pharmacol Exp Ther 1997, 282:1037-1043 articles, demonstrated the importance of thromboxanes as vasoactive and proinflammatory agents in the production of alcoholic liver disease in rats treated with continuous intragastric ethanol infusion over 4 to 6 weeks time.
36. Arteel GE, Iimuro Y, Yin M, Raleigh JA, Thurman RG: Chronic enteral ethanol treatment causes hypoxia in rat liver tissue in vivo. Hepatology 1997, 25:920-926.
37. Luca A, Garcia-Pagan JC, Bosch J, Feu F, Caballeria J, Groszmann RJ, Rodes J: Effects of ethanol consumption on hepatic hemodynamics in patients with alcoholic cirrhosis. Gastroenterology 1997, 112:1284-1289.
38. Akriviadis E, Botla R, Briggs W, Han S, Reynolds TB, Shakil O: Improved short-term survival with pentoxifylline treatment in severe acute alcoholic hepatitis. Hepatology 1997, 26:250. This placebo-controlled clinical trial reported in abstract form suggests that pentoxifylline is an effective drug to treat severe alcoholic hepatitis. This study will need to be confirmed by additional placebo-controlled trials.
39. Mato JM, Camara J, Ortiz P, Rodes J: S-adenosylmethionine in the treatment of alcoholic liver cirrhosis: results from a multicentric, placebocontrolled, randomized, double-blind clinical trial. Hepatology 1997, 26:251. This placebo-controlled clinical trial reported in abstract form provides evidence that S-adenosylmethionine can be useful for the treatment of alcoholic cirrhosis. This study should be confirmed by additional placebo-controlled trials.
40. Navder KP, Baraona E, Lieber CS: Polyenylphosphatidylcholine attenu ates alcohol-induced fatty liver and hyperlipemia in rats. J Nutr 1997, 127:1800-1806.
41. Lieber CS, Leo MA, Aleynik SI, Aleynik MK, DeCarli LM: Polyenylphosphatidylcholine decreases alcohol-induced oxidative stress in the baboon. Alcoholism: Clin Exp Res 21:375-379.