Biology of moderately halophilic aerobic bacteria

Microbiology and Molecular Biology Reviews

Volumn 62, Issue 2, 1998, Pages 504-544

  Ventosa, Antonio ^a   Nieto, Joaquín J ^a   Oren, Aharon ^b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF SEVILLE   (Spain)

^b HEBREW UNIVERSITY OF JERUSALEM   (Israel)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

BETAINE; CALCIUM; CHLORIDE; ECTOINE; HYDROXYECTOINE; MAGNESIUM; MANGANESE; POTASSIUM; SODIUM; UNCLASSIFIED DRUG;

AEROBIC BACTERIUM; BACTERIUM ISOLATION; BINDING COMPETITION; BIOTECHNOLOGY; CELL MEMBRANE; HALOPHILIC BACTERIUM; ION TRANSPORT; MEMBRANE BINDING; METAL BINDING; NONHUMAN; OSMOREGULATION; OSMOSIS; PHYLOGENY; REVIEW; RNA SEQUENCE; SOIL POLLUTION; TAXONOMY;

BACTERIA (MICROORGANISMS);

EID: 0031810562     PISSN: 10922172     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1128/mmbr.62.2.504-544.1998     Document Type: Review

References (374)

1. Adams, R., J. Bygraves, M. Kogut, and N. J. Russell. 1987. The role of osmotic effects in haloadaptation of Vibrio costicola. J. Gen. Microbiol. 133: 1861-1870.
2. Adams, R. L., M. Kogut, and N. J. Russell. 1990. The effect of salinity on growth and lipid composition of a moderately halophilic Gram-negative bacterium HX. Biochem. Cell Biol. 68:249-254.
3. Adams, R. L., and N. J. Russell. 1992. Interactive effects of salt concentration and temperature on growth and lipid composition in the moderately halophilic bacterium Vibrio costicola. Can. J. Microbiol. 38:823-827.
4. Adkins, J. P., M. T. Madigan, L. Mandelco, C. R. Woese, and R. S. Tanner. 1993. Arhodomonas aquaeolei gen. nov., sp. nov., an aerobic halophilic bacterium isolated from a subterranean brine. Int. J. Syt. Bacteriol. 43:514-520.
5. Ahonkhai, I., M. Kamekura, and D. J. Kushner. 1989. Effects of salts on the aspartate transcarbamylase of a halophilic eubacterium, Vibrio costicola. Biochem. Cell Biol. 67:666-669.
6. Al-Tai, A. M., and J.-S. Ruan. 1994. Nocardiopsis halophila sp. nov., a new halophilic actinomycete isolated from soil. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol. 44:474-478.
7. Arvantis, N., C. Vargas, G. Tegos, A. Perysinakis, J. J. Nieto, A. Ventosa, and C. Drainas. 1995. Development of a gene reporter system in moderately halophilic bacteria by employing the ice nucleation gene of Pseudomonas syringae. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 61:3821-3825.
8. Azachi, M., A. Oren, P. Gurevich, S. Sarig, and Y. Henis. 1995. Transformation of formaldehyde by a Halomonas sp. Can. J. Microbiol. 41:548-553.
9. Baxter, R. M., and N. E. Gibbons. 1954. The glycerol dehydrogenases of Pseudomonas salinaria, Vibrio costicolus, and Escherichia coli in relation to bacterial halophilism. Can. J. Biochem. Physiol. 32:206-217.
10. Baxter, R. M., and N. E. Gibbons. 1956. Effects of sodium and potassium chloride on certain enzymes of Micrococcus halodenitrificans and Pseudomonas salinaria. Can. J. Microbiol. 2:599-606.
11. Bengis-Garber, C., and D. J. Kushner. 1981. Purification and properties of 5′-nucleotidase from the membrane of Vibrio costicola, a moderately halophilic bacterium. J. Bacteriol. 146:24-32.
12. Bengis-Garber, C., and D. J. Kushner. 1982. Role of membrane-bound 5′-nucleotidase in nucleotide uptake by the halophile Vibrio costicola. J. Bacteriol. 149:808-815.
13. Bennloch, S., S. G. Acinas, A. J. Martínez-Murcia, and F. Rodríguez-Valera. 1996. Description of prokaryotic biodiversity along the salinity gradient of a multipond solar saltern by direct PCR amplification of 16S rDNA. Hydrobiologia 329:19-31.
14. Bennloch, S., A. J. Martínez-Murcia, and F. Rodríguez-Valera. 1995. Sequencing of bacterial and archaeal 16S rRNA genes directly amplified from a hypersaline environment. Syst. Appl. Microbiol. 18:574-581.
15. Bernard, T., M. Jebbar, Y. Rassouli, S. Himdi-Kabbab, J. Hamelin, and C. Blanco. 1993. Ectoine accumulation and osmotic regulation in Brevibacterium linens. J. Gen. Microbiol. 139:129-136.
16. Brisou, J., D. Courtois, and F. Denis. 1974. Microbiological study of a hypersaline lake in French Somaliland. Appl. Microbiol. 27:819-822.
17. Brown, A. D. 1976. Microbial water stress. Bacteriol. Rev. 40:803-846.
18. Bylund, J. E., J. K. Dyer, D. E. Feely, and E. L. Martin. 1990. Alkaline and acid phosphatases from the extensively halotolerant bacterium Halomonas elongata. Curr. Microbiol. 20:125-131.
19. Bylund, J. E., J. K. Dyer, T. L. Thompson, and E. L. Martin. 1991. Alanine dehydrogenase activity of the extensively halotolerant eubacterium Halomonas elongata. Microbios 66:45-53.
20. Calvo, C., A. G. de la Paz, V. Bejar, E. Quesada, and A. Ramos-Cormenzana. 1988. Isolation and characterization of phage F9-11 from a lysogenic Deleya halophila strain. Curr. Microbiol. 17:49-53.
21. Calvo, C., M. R. Ferrer, F. Martínez-Chewca, V. Bejar, and E. Quesada. 1995. Some rheological properties of the extracellular polysaccharide produced by Volcaniella eurihalina F2-7. Appl. Biochem. Biotechnol. 55:45-54.
22. Cánovas, D. Unpublished results.
23. Cánovas, D., C. Vargas, L. N. Csonka, A. Ventosa, and J. J. Nieto. 1996. Osmoprotectants in Halomonas elongate: high-affinity betaine transport system and choline-betaine pathway. J. Bacteriol. 178:7221-7226.
24. Cánovas, D., C. Vargas, F. Iglesias-Guerra, L. Csonka, D. Rhodes, A. Ventosa, and J. J. Nieto. 1997. Isolation and characterization of salt-sensitive mutants of the moderate halophile Halomonas elongata and cloning of the ectoine synthesis genes. J. Biol. Chem. 272:25794-25801.
25. Cánovas, D., C. Vargas, A. Ventosa, and J. J. Nieto. 1997. Salt sensitive and auxotrophic mutants of Halomonas elongata and H. meridiana by use of hydroxylamine mutagenesis. Curr. Microbiol. 34:85-90.
26. Cazzulo, J. J. 1978. The adenosine triphosphatase from the moderate halophile, Vibrio costicola, p. 447-451. In S. R. Caplan and M. Ginzburg (ed.), Energetics and structure of halophilic microorganisms. Elsevier/ North-Holland Biomedical Press, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
27. Cazzulo, J. J. 1979. Las bacterias halofilas moderadas. Rev. Argent. Microbiol. 11:118-128.
28. Chan, K., O. C. Leung, and L. H. Lee. 1979. Influence of temperature on ionic sparing effect and cell-associated cations in the moderate halophile, Micrococcus varions var. halophilus. Microbios 24:81-91.
29. Choquet, C. G., I. Ahonkhai, M. Klein, and D. J. Kushner. 1991. Formation and role of glycine betaine in the moderate halophile Vibrio costicola. Arch. Microbiol. 155:153-158.
30. - ions. J. Bacteriol. 171:880-886.
31. Christian, J. H. B., and J. A. Waltho. 1962. Solute concentrations within cells of halophilic and non-halophilic bacteria. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 65: 506-508.
32. Ciulla, R. A., M. R. Diaz, B. F. Taylor, and M. F. Roberts. 1997. Organic osmolytes in aerobic bacteria from Mono Lake, an alkaline, moderately hypersaline environment. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 63:220-226.
33. Claus, D., F. Fahmay, H. J. Rolf, and N. Torunoglu. 1983. Sporosarcina halophila sp. nov., an obligate, slightly halophilic bacterium from salt marsh soils. Syst. Appl. Bacteriol. 4:496-506.
34. Coronado, M.-J., C. Vargas, H. J. Kunte, E. A. Galinski, A. Ventosa, and J. J. Nieto. 1995. Influence of salt concentration on the susceptibility of moderately halophilic bacteria to antimicrobials and its potential use for genetic transfer studies. Curr. Microbiol. 31:365-371.
35. Cummings, S. P., and D. J. Gilmour. 1995. The effect of NaCl on the growth of Halomonas species: accumulation and utilization of compatible solutes. Microbiology 141:1413-1418.
36. Cummings, S. P., M. P. Williamson, and D. J. Gilmour. 1993. Turgor regulation in a novel Halomonas species. Arch. Microbiol. 160:319-323.
37. DeFrank, J. J., W. T. Beaudry, T. C. Cheng, S. P. Harvey, A. N. Stroup, and L. L. Szafraniec. 1993. Screening of halophilic bacteria and Alteromonas species for organophosphorus hydrolyzing enzyme activity. Chem. Biol. Interact. 87:141-148.
38. DeFrank, J. J., and T. Cheng. 1991. Purification and properties of an organophosphorus acid anhydrase from a halophilic bacterial isolate. J. Bacteriol. 173:1938-1943.
39. Del Moral, A., B. Prado, E. Quesada, T. García, R. Ferrer, and A. Ramos-Cormenzana. 1988. Numerical taxonomy of moderately halophilic Gramnegative rods from an inland saltern. J. Gen. Microbiol. 134:733-741.
40. Del Moral, A., E. Quesada, V. Bejar, and A. Ramos-Cormenzana. 1987. Evolution of bacterial flora from a subterranean saline well by gradual salinity changes in enrichment media. J. Appl. Bacteriol. 62:465-471.
41. Del Moral, A., E. Quesada, and A. Ramos-Cormenzana. 1987. Distribution and types of bacteria isolated from an inland saltern. Ann. Microbiol. 138: 59-66.
42. Del Moral, A., E. Roldan, J. Navarro, M. Monteoliva-Sanchez, and A. Ramos-Cormenzana. 1987. Formation of calcium carbonate crystals by moderately halophilic bacteria. Geomicrohiol. J. 5:79-87.
43. Del Moral, A., J. Severin, A. Ramos-Cormenzana, H. G. Trüper, and E. A. Galinski. 1994. Compatible solutes in new moderately halophilic isolates. FEMS Microbiol. Lett. 122:165-172.
44. Del Moral, A., M. J. Valderrama, M. R. Ferrer, F. Peràn, E. Quesada, and A. Ramos-Cormenzana. 1991. Effect of external salinity changes on cellular composition of some ions and amino acids in Deleya halophila. Res. Microbiol. 142:103-107.
45. De Médicis, E. 1986. Magnesium, manganese and mutual depletion systems in halophilic bacteria. FEMS Microbiol. Rev. 37:137-143.
46. De Médicis, E., J. Paquette, J.-J. Gauthier, and D. Shapcott. 1986. Magnesium and manganese content of halophilic bacteria. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 52:567-573.
47. De Médicis, E., and B. Rossignol. 1977. Pyruvate kinase from the moderate halophile, Vibrio costicola. Can. J. Biochem. 55:825-403.
48. De Médicis, E., and B. Rossignol. 1979. The halophilic properties of pyruvate kinase from Vibrio costicola, a moderate halophile. Exṕerientia 35: 1546-1547.
49. Denariaz, G., W. J. Payne, and J. Le Gall. 1989. A halophilic denitrifier, Bacillus halodenitrificans sp. nov. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol. 39:145-151.
50. Deutch, C. E. 1994. Characterization of a novel salt-tolerant Bacillus sp. from the nasal cavities of desert iguanas. FEMS Microbiol. Lett. 121:55-60.
51. Diaz, M. R., and B. F. Taylor. 1996. Metabolism of methylated osmolytes by aerobic bacteria from Mono Lake, a moderately alkaline environment. FEMS Microbiol. Ecol. 19:239-247.
52. Dobson, S. J., R. R. Colwell, T. A. McMeekin, and P. D. Franzmann. 1993. Direct sequencing of the polymerase chain reaction-amplified 16S rRNA gene of Flavobacterium gondwanense sp. nov. and Flavobacterium salegens sp. nov., two new species from a hypersaline Antarctic lake. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol. 43:77-83.
53. Dobson, S. J., and P. D. Franzmann. 1996. Unification of the genera Deleya (Baumann et al. 1983), Halomonas (Vreeland et al. 1980), and Halovibrio (Fendrich 1988) and the species Paracoccus halodenitrificans (Robinson and Gibbons 1952) into a single genus, Halomonas, and placement of the genus Zymobacter in the family Halomonadaceae. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol. 46: 550-558.
54. T). Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol. 40:462-463.
55. Dobson, S. J., S. R. James, P. D. Franzmann, and T. A. McMeekin. 1991. A numerical taxonomic study of some pigmented bacteria isolated from Organic Lake, an Antarctic hypersaline lake. Arch. Microbiol. 156:56-61.
56. Dobson, S. J., T. A. McMeekin, and P. D. Franzmann. 1993. Phylogenetic relationships between some members of the genera Deleya, Halomonas, and Halovibrio. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol. 43:665-673.
57. Doronina, N. V., and Y. A. Trotsenko. 1997. Aerobic methylotrophic bacterial communities of hypersaline ecosystems. Microbiology 66:130-136.
58. Duckworth, A. W., W. D. Grant, B. E. Jones, and R. van Steenbergen. 1996. Phylogenetic diversity of solar lake alkaliphiles. FEMS Microbiol. Ecol. 19: 181-191.
59. Economou, A., A. Roussis, D. Milioni, and P. Katinakis. 1989. Patterns of protein synthesis in the moderately halophilic bacterium Deleya halophila in response to sudden changes in external salinity. FEMS Microbiol. Ecol. 62: 103-110.
60. Elazari-Volcani, B. 1940. Ph.D. thesis. The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem. (In Hebrew.)
61. Falkenberg, P., A. T. Matheson, and C. F. Rollin. 1976. The properties of ribosomal proteins from a moderate halophile. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 434: 474-482.
62. Falkenberg, P., M. Yaguchi, C. F. Rollin, A. T. Matheson, and R. Wydro. 1979. The N-terminal sequence of the ribosomal 'A' protein from two moderate halophiles, Vibrio costicola and an unidentified moderate (NRCC 41227). Biochim. Biophys. Acta 578:207-215.
63. Falkenberg, P., M. Yaguchi, C. Roy, M. Zucker, and A. T. Matheson. 1986. The primary structure of the ribosomal A-protein (L12) from the moderate halophile NRCC 41227. Biochem. Cell Biol. 64:675-680.
64. Farrow, J. A. E., C. Ash, S. Wallbanks, and M. D. Collins. 1992. Phylogenetic analysis of the genera Planococcus, Marinococcus and Sporosarcina and their relationships to members of the genus Bacillus. FEMS Microbiol. Lett. 93:167-172.
65. Fendrich, C. 1988. Halovibrio variabilis gen. nov. sp. nov., Pseudomonas halophila sp. nov. and a new halophilic aerobic coccoid eubacterium from Great Salt Lake, Utah. Syst. Appl. Microbiol. 11:36-43.
66. Fendrich, C., and B. Schink. 1988. Degradation of glucose, glycerol and acetate by aerobic bacteria in surface water of Great Salt Lake, Utah, USA. Syst. Appl. Microbiol. 11:94-96.
67. Fernandez-Castillo, R., C. Vargas, J. J. Nieto, A. Ventosa, and F. Ruiz-Berraquero. 1992. Characterization of a plasmid from moderately halophilic eubacteria. J. Gen. Microbiol. 138:1133-1137.
68. Ferrer, M. R., J. Quevedo-Sarmiento, V. Bejar, R. Delgado, A. Ramos-Cormenzana, M. A. Rivadeneyra. 1988. Calcium carbonate formation by Deleya halophila: effect of salt concentration and incubation temperature. Geomicrobiol. J. 6:49-57.
69. Ferrer, M. R., J. Quevedo-Sarmiento, M. A. Rivadeneyra, V. Bejar, R. Delgado, and A. Ramos-Cormenzana. 1988. Calcium carbonate precipitation by two groups of moderately halophilic microorganisms at different temperatures and salt concentrations. Curr. Microbiol. 17:221-227.
70. Flannery, W. L., and D. M. Kennedy. 1962. The nutrition of Vibrio costicola. I. A simplified synthetic medium. Can. J. Microbiol. 8:923-928.
71. Forsyth, M. P., and D. J. Kushner. 1970. Nutrition and distribution of salt response in populations of moderately halophilic bacteria. Can. J. Microbiol. 16:253-261.
72. Forsyth, M. P., D. B. Shindler, M. B. Gochnauer, and D. J. Kushner. 1971. Salt tolerance of intertidal marine bacteria. Can. J. Microbiol. 17:825-828.
73. Franzmann, P. D. 1991. The microbiota of saline lakes of the Vestfold Hills, Antarctica, p. 9-14. In F. Rodriguez-Valera (ed.), General and applied aspects of halophilic microorganisms. Plenum Press, New York, N.Y.
74. Franzmann, P. D., H. R. Burton, and T. A. McMeekin. 1987. Halomonas subglaciescola, a new species of halotolerant bacteria isolated from Antarctica. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol. 37:27-34.
75. Franzmann, P. D., and B. J. Tindall. 1990. A chemotaxonomic study of members of the family Halomonadaceae. Syst. Appl. Microbiol. 13:142-147.
76. Franzmann, P. D., U. Wehmeyer, and E. Stackebrandt. 1988. Halomonadaceae fam. nov., a new family of the class Proteobacteria to accommodate the genera Halomonas and Deleya. Syst. Appl. Microbiol. 11:16-19.
77. Frings, E., T. Sauer, and E. A. Galinski. 1995. Production of hydroxyectoine: high cell-density cultivation and osmotic downshock of Marinococcus strain M52. J. Biotechnol. 43:53-61.
78. Fritze, D. 1996. Bacillus haloalkaliphilus sp. nov. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol. 46: 98-101.
79. Galinski, E. A. 1989. The potential use of halophilic bacteria for the production of organic chemicals and enzyme protective agents, p. 375-379. In M. S. Da Costa, J. C. Duarte, and R. A. D. Williams (ed.), Microbiology of extreme environments and its potential for biotechnology. Elsevier Applied Science, London, United Kingdom.
80. Galinski, E. A. 1993. Compatible solutes of halophilic eubacteria: molecular principles, water-solute interaction, stress protection. Experientia 49:487-496.
81. Galinski, E. A. 1994. Halophile and halotolerante Eubakterien, p. 89-112. In K. Hausmann and B. P. Kremer (ed.), Extremophile Mikroorganismen in ausgefallenen Lebensräumen. VHC, Weinheim, Germany.
82. Galinski, E. A. 1995. Osmoadaptation in bacteria. Adv. Microb. Physiol. 37: 273-328.
83. Galinski, E. A. Personal communication.
84. Galinski, E. A., and K. Lippert. 1991. Novel compatible solutes and their potential application as stabilizers in enzyme technology, p. 351-358. In F. Rodriguez-Valera (ed.), General and applied aspects of halophilic microorganisms. Plenum Press, New York, N.Y.
85. Galinski, E. A., and P. Louis. 1998. Compatible solutes: ectoine production and gene expression, p. 187-202. In A. Oren (ed.), Microbiology and biogeochemistry of hypersaline environments. CRC Press, Inc., Boca Raton, Fla.
86. Galinski, E. A., and B. J. Tindall. 1992. Biotechnological prospects for halophiles and halotolerant micro-organisms, p. 76-114. In R. A. Herbert and R. J. Sharp (ed.), Molecular biology and biotechnology of extremophiles. Blackie, Glasgow, United Kingdom.
87. Galinski, E. A., and H. G. Trüper. 1994. Microbial behaviour in salt-stressed ecosystems. FEMS Microbiol. Rev. 15:95-108.
88. Galinski, E. A., H. G. Trüper, and T. Sauer. 1993. European patent application EP93/03687 (CI,C12P1/00).
89. Garabito, M. J., D. R. Arahal, E. Mellado, M. C. Márquez, and A. Ventosa. 1997. Bacillus salexigens sp. nov., a new moderately halophilic Bacillus species. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol. 47:735-741.
90. Garcia, M. T., J. J. Nieto, A. Ventosa, and F. Ruiz-Berraquero. 1987. The susceptibility of the moderate halophile Vibrio costicola to heavy metals. J. Appl. Bacteriol. 63:63-66.
91. Garcia, M. T., A. Ventosa, F. Ruiz-Berraquero, and M. Kocur. 1987. Taxonomic study and amended description of Vibrio costicola. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol. 37:251-256.
92. Garcia de la Paz, A. M., A. Perez Martinez, C. Calvo Sainz, and A. Ramos Cormenzana. 1989. Isolation and characterisation of bacteriophages active on moderately halophilic microorganisms, p. 425. In M. S. Da Costa, J. C. Duarte, and R. A. D. Williams (ed.), Microbiology of extreme environments and its potential for biotechnology. Elsevier Applied Science, London, United Kingdom.
93. Ghandbhir, M., I. Rasched, P. Marlière, and R. Mutzel. 1995. Convergent evolution of amino acid usage in archaebacterial and eubacterial lineages adapted to high salt. Res. Microbiol. 146:113-120.
94. 23Na nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy to determine the true intracellular concentration of free sodium in a halophilic eubacterium. J. Bacteriol. 173:7021-7023.
95. Gochnauer, M. B., G. G. Leppard, P. Komaratat, M. Kates, T. Novitsky, and D. J. Kushner. 1975. Isolation and characterization of Actinopolyspora halophila, gen. et sp. nov., an extremely halophilic actinomycete. Can. J. Microbiol. 21:1500-1511.
96. Goel, U., T. Kauri, H.-W. Ackermann, and D. J. Kushner. 1996. A moderately halophilic Vibrio from a Spanish saltern and its lytic bacteriophage. Can. J. Microbiol. 42:1015-1023.
97. Goldberg, M., and H. Gilboa. 1978. Sodium exchange between two sites. The binding of sodium to halotolerant bacteria. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 538:268-283.
98. a1. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 763:35-40.
99. Grant, M. A., S. E. Cronin, and L. I. Hochstein. 1984. Solubilization and resolution of the membrane-bound nitrite reductase from Paracoccus halodenitrificans into nitrite and nitric oxide reductases. Arch. Microbiol. 140: 183-186.
100. Grant, M. A., and L. I. Hochstein. 1984. A dissimilatory nitrite reductase in Paracoccus halodenitrificans. Arch. Microbiol. 137:79-84.
101. Grant, W. D. 1991. General view of halophiles, p. 15-37. In K. Horikoshi and W. D. Grant (ed.), Superbugs. Microorganisms in extreme environments. Japan Scientific Societies Press, Tokyo, Japan.
102. Grant, W. D., and W. E. Mwatha. 1989. Bacteria from alkaline, saline environments, p. 64-67. In T. Hattori, Y. Ishida, Y. Maruyama, R. Y. Morita, and A. Uchida (ed.), Recent advances in microbial ecology. Japan Scientific Societies Press, Tokyo, Japan.
103. Greenberg, E. P., and E. Canale-Parola. 1976. Spirochaeta halophila sp. nov., a fermentative anaerobic bacterium from a high-salinity pond. Arch. Microbiol. 110:185-194.
104. Guixa-Boixareu, N., J. I. Calderón-Paz, M. Heldal, G. Bratbak, and C. Pedrós-Alió. 1996. Viral lysis and bacterivory as prokaryotic loss factors along a salinity gradient. Aquat. Microb. Ecol. 11:215-227.
105. + antiport in a moderate halophile. J. Bacteriol. 156:537-544.
106. Hamaide, F., D. J. Kushner, and G. D. Sprott. 1985. Proton circulation in Vibrio costicola. J. Bacteriol. 161:681-686.
107. Hamaide, F., G. D. Sprott, and D. J. Kushner. 1984. Energetics of sodium-dependent α-aminoisobutyric acid transport in the moderate halophile Vibrio costicola. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 766:77-87.
108. Hamaide, F., G. D. Sprott, and D. J. Kushner. 1984. Energetic basis of development of salt-tolerant transport in a moderately halophilic bacterium, Vibrio costicola. Arch. Microbiol. 140:231-235.
109. Hamana, K. 1997. Polyamine distribution patterns within the families Aeromonadaceae, Vibrionaceae, Pasteurellaceae, and Halomonadaceae, and related genera of the gamma subclass of the Proteobacteria. J. Gen. Appl. Microbiol. 43:49-59.
110. Hanna, K., C. Bengis-Garber, D. J. Kushner, M. Kogut, and M. Kates. 1984. The effect of salt concentration on the phospholipid and fatty acid composition of the moderate halophile Vibrio costicola. Can. J. Microbiol. 30:669-675.
111. Hao, M. V., M. Kocur, and K. Komagata. 1984. Marinococcus gen. nov., a new genus for motile cocci with meso-diaminopimelic acid in the cell walls; and Marinococcus albus sp. nov., and Marinococcus halophilus (Novitsky and Kushner) comb. nov. J. Gen. Appl. Microbiol. 30:449-459.
112. Hara, H., A. Hyono, S. Kuriyama, I. Yano, and M. Masui. 1980. ESR studies on the membrane properties of a moderately halophilic bacterium. II. Effect of extreme growth conditions on liposome properties. J. Biochem. 88:1275-1282.
113. Hara, H., and M. Masui. 1985. Effect of NaCl concentration on the synthesis of membrane phospholipid in a halophilic bacterium. FEMS Microbiol. Ecol. 31:279-282.
114. Hart, D. J., and R. H. Vreeland. 1988. Changes in the hydrophobic-hydrophilic cell surface character of Halomonas elongata in response to NaCl. J. Bacteriol. 170:132-135.
115. Hebert, A. M., and R. H. Vreeland. 1987. Phenotypic comparison of halotolerant bacteria: Halomonas halodurans sp. nov., nom. rev., comb. nov. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol. 37:347-350.
116. Henis, Y., and J. Eren. 1963. Preliminary studies on the microflora of a highly saline soil. Can. J. Microbiol. 9:902-904.
117. Higa, A. I., and J. J. Cazzulo. 1978. The adenosine triphosphatase from the moderate halophile, Vibrio costicola. FEMS Microbiol. Lett. 3:157-160.
118. Hinrichsen, L. L., M. C. Montel, and R. Talon. 1994. Proteolytic and lipolytic activities of Micrococcus roseus, Halomonas elongata and Vibrio sp. isolated from Danish bacon curing brines. Int. J. Food Microbiol. 22:115-126.
119. Hipkiss, A. P., D. W. Armstrong, and D. J. Kushner. 1980. Protein turnover in a moderately halophilic bacterium. Can. J. Microbiol. 26:196-203.
120. Hiramatsu, T., Y. Ohno, H. Hara, S. Toriyama, I. Yano, and M. Masui. 1978. Salt-dependent change of cell envelope components of a moderately halophilic bacterium, Pseudomonas halosaccharolytica, p. 515-520. In S. R. Caplan and M. Ginzburg (ed.), Energetics and structure of halophilic microorganisms. Elsevier/North-Holland Biomedical Press, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
121. Hiramatsu, T., Y. Ohno, H. Hara, I. Yano, and M. Masui. 1980. Effects of NaCl concentration on the envelope components in a moderately halophilic bacterium, Pseudomonas hatosaccharolytica, p. 189-200. In H. Morishita and M. Masui (ed.), Saline environments. Proceedings of the Japanese Conference on Halophilic Microbiology. Nakanishi Printing Co., Kyoto, Japan.
122. Hiramatsu, T., I. Yano, and M. Masui. 1980. Effect of NaCl concentration on the protein species and phospholipid composition of the outer membrane in a moderately halophilic bacterium. FEMS Microbiol. Lett. 7:289-292.
123. Hirsch, P. 1980. Distribution and pure culture studies of morphologically distinct Solar Lake microorganisms, p. 41-60. In A. Nissenbaum (ed.), Hypersaline brines and evaporitic environments. Elsevier/North-Holland Biomedical Press, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
124. Hirsch, P., and B. Hoffmann. 1989. Dicholomicrobium thermohalophilum, gen. nov., spec. nov., budding prosthecate bacteria from the Solar Lake (Sinai) and some related strains. Syst. Appl. Microbiol. 11:291-301.
125. 1. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 965:82-89.
126. Hochstein, L. I., and G. A. Tomlinson. 1984. The growth of Paracoccus halodenitrificans in a defined medium. Can. J. Microbiol. 30:837-840.
127. Hof, T. 1935. Investigations concerning bacterial life in strong brines. Rev. Trav. Bot. Neerl. 32:92-171.
128. Huval, J. H., R. Latta, R. Wallace, D. J. Kushner, and R. H. Vreeland. 1995. Description of two new species of Halomonas: Halomonas israelensis sp. nov. and Halomonas canadensis sp. nov. Can. J. Microbiol. 41:1124-1131.
129. Hyono, A., S. Kuriyama, H. Hara, I. Yano, and M. Masui. 1979. Thick viscous structures in the lipid membranes of a moderately halophilic Gram-negative bacterium. FEBS Lett. 103:192-196.
130. Hyono, A., S. Kuriyama, H. Hara, I. Yano, and M. Masui. 1980. ESR studies on the membrane properties of a moderately halophilic bacterium. I. Physical properties of lipid bilayers in whole cells. J. Biochem. 88:1267-1274.
131. Imhoff, J., and F. Rodriguez-Valera. 1984. Betaine is the main compatible solute of halophilic eubacteria. J. Bacteriol. 160:478-479.
132. Imhoff, J. F. 1986. Osmoregulation and compatible solutes in eubacteria. FEMS Microbiol. Rev. 39:57-66.
133. Imhoff, J. F. 1993. Osmotic adaptation in halophilic and halotolerant microorganisms, p. 211-253. In R. H. Vreeland and L. I. Hochstein (ed.), The biology of halophilic bacteria. CRC Press, Inc., Boca Raton, Fla.
134. 15N NMR spectroscopy. J. Biol. Chem. 263:16014-16022.
135. James, S. R., S. J. Dobson, P. D. Franzmann, and T. A. McMeekin. 1990. Halomonas meridiana, a new species of extremely halotolerant bacteria isolated from Antarctic saline lakes. Syst. Appl. Microbiol. 13:270-278.
136. Javor, B. J. 1989. Hypersaline environments. Microbiology and biogeochemistry. Springer-Verlag KG, Berlin, Germany.
137. Johnson, K. G., P. H. Lanthier, and M. B. Gochnauer. 1986. Studies of two strains of Actinopolyspora halophila, an extremely halophilic actinomycete. Arch. Microbiol. 143:370-378.
138. Kamekura, M. 1986. Production and function of enzymes of eubacterial halophiles. FEMS Microbiol. Rev. 39:145-150.
139. Kamekura, M., S. Bardócz, P. Anderson, R. Wallace, and D. J. Kushner. 1986. Polyamines in moderately and extremely halophilic bacteria. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 880:204-208.
140. Kamekura, M., T. Hamakawa, and H. Onishi. 1982. Application of halophilic nuclease H of Micrococcus varians subsp. halophilus to commercial production of flavoring agent 5′-GMP. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 44:994-995.
141. Kamekura, M., and D. J. Kushner. 1984. Effect of chloride and glutamate ions on in vitro protein synthesis by the moderate halophile Vibrio costicola. J. Bacteriol. 160:385-390.
142. Kamekura, M., and H. Onishi. 1974. Halophilic nuclease from a moderately halophilic Micrococcus varions. J. Bacteriol. 119:339-344.
143. Kamekura, M., and H. Onishi. 1976. Effect of magnesium and some nutrients on the growth and nuclease formation of a moderate halophile, Micrococcus varians var. halophilus. Can. J. Microbiol. 22:1567-1576.
144. Kamekura, M., and H. Onishi. 1978. Flocculation and adsorption of enzymes during growth of a moderate halophile, Micrococcus varians var. halophilus. Can. J. Microbiol. 24:703-709.
145. Kamekura, M., and H. Onishi. 1978. Properties of the halophilic nuclease of a moderate halophile, Micrococcus varions subsp. halophilus. J. Bacteriol. 133:59-65.
146. Kamekura, M., and H. Onishi. 1982. Cell-associated cations of the moderate halophile Micrococcus varians ssp. halophilus grown in media of high concentrations of LiCl, NaCl, KCl, RbCl, or CsCl. Can. J. Microbiol. 28: 155-161.
147. Kamekura, M., and H. Onishi. 1983. Inactivation of nuclease H of the moderate halophile Micrococcus varians ssp. halophilus during cultivation in the presence of salting-in type salts. Can. J. Microbiol. 29:46-51.
148. Kamekura, M., R. Wallace, A. R. Hipkiss, and D. J. Kushner. 1985. Growth of Vibrio costicola and other moderate halophiles in a chemically denned minimal medium. Can. J. Microbiol. 31:870-872.
149. Karamanou, S., and P. Katinakis. 1988. Heat shock proteins in the moderately halophilic bacterium Deleya halophila: protective effect of high salt concentration against thermal shock. Ann. Microbiol. 139:505-514.
150. Katinakis, P. 1989. The pattern of protein synthesis induced by heat-shock of the moderately halophilic bacterium Chromobacterium marismortui: protective effect of high salt concentration against the thermal shock. Microbiologica 12:61-67.
151. Kauri, T., H.-W. Ackermann, U. Goel, and D. J. Kushner. 1991. A bacteriophage of a moderately halophilic bacterium. Arch. Microbiol. 156:435-438.
152. 1. Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 234:238-245.
153. 1 is specifically dependent on sodium ions. Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 244:766-772.
154. 1. Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 244:122-127.
155. Ken-Dror, S., R. Preger, and Y. Avi-Dor. 1986. Role of betaine in the control of respiration and osmoregulation of a halotolerant bacterium. FEMS Microbiol. Rev. 39:115-120.
156. 1. Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 229:640-649.
157. Khire, J. M. 1994. Production of moderately halophilic amylase by newly isolated Micrococcus sp. 4 from a salt pan. Lett. Appl. Microbiol. 19:210-212.
158. Kobayashi, T., M. Kamekura, W. Kanlayakrit, and H. Onishi. 1986. Production, purification, and characterization of an amylase from the moderate halophile, Micrococcus varians subspecies halophilus. Microbios 46:165-177.
159. al, p. 399-402. In N. R. Krieg and J. G. Holt (ed.), Bergey's manual of systematic bacteriology, vol. 1. The Williams & Wilkins Co., Baltimore, Md.
160. Kogut, M. 1991. The "true" intracellular environment of moderately halophilic eubacteria, p. 217-224. In F. Rodriguez-Valera (ed.), General and applied aspects of halophilic microorganisms. Plenum Press, New York, N.Y.
161. Kogut, M., and W. M. Madira. 1978. Dihydrostreptomycin as a probe to study the effects of salt concentration during growth on cell constituents in a moderate halophile, p. 521-527. In S. R. Caplan and M. Ginzburg (ed.), Energetics and structure of halophilic microorganisms. Elsevier/North Holland Biomedical Press, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
162. Kogut, M., J. R. Mason, and N. J. Russell. 1992. Isolation of salt-sensitive mutants of the moderately halophilic eubacterium Vibrio costicola. Curr. Microbiol. 24:325-328.
163. Kogut, M., and N. J. Russell. 1984. The growth and phospholipid composition of a moderately halophilic bacterium during adaptation to changes in salinity. Curr. Microbiol. 10:95-98.
164. Krahe, M., G. Antranikian, and H. Märkl. 1996. Fermentation of extremophilic microorganisms. FEMS Microbiol. Rev. 18:271-285.
165. Kuchta, T., and N. J. Russell. 1994. Glycinebetaine stimulates, but NaCl inhibits, fatty acid biosynthesis in the moderately halophilic eubacterium HX. Arch. Microbiol. 161:234-238.
166. Kunte, H. J., and E. A. Galinski. 1995. Transposon mutagenesis in halophilic eubacteria: conjugal transfer and insertion of transposon Tn5 and Tn1732 in Halomonas elongata. FEMS Microbiol. Lett. 128:293-299.
167. Kuriyama, S., H. Hara, T. Hiramatsu, A. Hyono, I. Yano, and M. Masui. 1982. ESR studies on the lipid bilayers of separated outer and cytoplasmic membranes of a moderately halophilic bacterium. Can. J. Microbiol. 60: 830-837.
168. Kushner, D. J. 1978. Life in high salt and solute concentrations: halophilic bacteria, p. 317-368. In D. J. Kushner (ed.), Microbial life in extreme environments. Academic Press, Ltd., London, United Kingdom.
169. Kushner, D. J. 1986. Molecular adaptation of enzymes, metabolic systems and transport systems in halophilic bacteria. FEMS Microbiol. Rev. 39:121-127.
170. Kushner, D. J. 1988. What is the "true" internal environment of halophilic and other bacteria? Can. J. Microbiol. 34:482-486.
171. Kushner, D. J. 1989. Halophilic bacteria: life in and out of salt, p. 60-64. In T. Hattori, Y. Ishida, Y. Maruyama, R. Y. Morita, and A. Uchida (ed.), Recent advances in microbial ecology. Japan Scientific Societies Press, Tokyo, Japan.
172. Kushner, D. J. 1989. Halophilic bacteria: their life in and out of salt, p. 280-288. In M. S. Da Costa, J. C. Duarte, and R. A. D. Williams (ed.),
173. Kushner, D. J. 1991. Halophiles of all kinds: what are they up to now and where do they come from? p. 63-71. In F. Rodriguez-Valera (ed.), General and applied aspects of halophilic microorganisms. Plenum Press, New York, N.Y.
174. Kushner, D. J. 1993. Growth and nutrition of halophilic bacteria, p. 87-103. In R. H. Vreeland and L. I. Hochstein (ed.), The biology of halophilic bacteria. CRC Press, Inc., Boca Raton, Fla.
175. Kushner, D. J., F. Hamaide, and R. A. MacLeod. 1983. Development of salt-resistant active transport in a moderately halophilic bacterium. J. Bacteriol. 153:1163-1171.
176. Kushner, D. J., and M. Kamekura. 1988. Physiology of halophilic eubacteria, p. 109-138. In F. Rodriguez-Valera (ed.), Halophilic bacteria, vol. I. CRC Press, Inc., Boca Raton, Fla.
177. Lanyi, J. K. 1974. Salt-dependent properties of proteins from extremely halophilic bacteria. Bacteriol. Rev. 38:272-290.
178. LeFevre, E., and L. A. Round. 1919. A preliminary report upon some halophilic bacteria. J. Bacteriol. 4:177-182.
179. Lippert, K., and E. A. Galinski. 1992. Enzyme stabilization by ectoine-type compatible solutes: protection against heating, freezing and drying. Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 37:61-65.
180. Louis, P., and E. A. Galinski. 1997. Characterization of genes for the biosynthesis of the compatible solute ectoine from Marinococcus halophilus and osmoregulated expression in Escherichia coli. Microbiology 143:1141-1149.
181. Louis, P., H. G. Trüper, and E. A. Galinski. 1994. Survival of Escherichia coli during drying and storage in the presence of compatible solutes. Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 41:648-688.
182. Lowe, S. E., M. K. Jain, and J. G. Zeikus. 1993. Biology, ecology, and biotechnological applications of anaerobic bacteria adjusted to environmental stresses in temperature, pH, salinity, or substrates. Microbiol. Rev. 57:451-509.
183. MacLeod, R. A. 1986. Salt requirements for membrane transport and solute retention in some moderate halophiles. FEMS Microbiol. Rev. 39:109-113.
184. + pump? p. 97-106. In F. Rodriguez-Valera (ed.), General and applied aspects of halophilic microorganisms. Plenum Press, New York, N.Y.
185. Maltseva, O., C. McGowan, R. Fulthorpe, and P. Oriel. 1996. Degradation of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid by haloalkaliphilic bacteria. Microbiology 142:1115-1122.
186. Mancinelli, R. L., S. Cronin, and L. I. Hochstein. 1986. The purification and properties of a cd-cytochrome nitrite reductase from Paracoccus halodenitrificans. Arch. Microbiol. 145:202-208.
187. Marquez, M. C., A. Ventosa, and F. Ruiz-Berraquero. 1987. A taxonomic study of heterotrophic halophilic and non-halophilic bacteria from a solar saltern. J. Gen. Microbiol. 133:45-56.
188. Marquez, M. C., A. Ventosa, and F. Ruiz-Berraquero. 1990. Marinococcus hispanicus, a new species of moderately halophilic gram-positive cocci. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol. 40:165-169.
189. Márquez, M. C., A. Ventosa, and F. Ruiz-Berraquero. 1992. Phenotypic and chemotaxonomic characterization of Marinococcus halophilus. Syst. Appl. Microbiol. 15:63-69.
190. 14C]aminoisobutyric acid by the halotolerant bacterium Halomonas elongata. Can. J. Microbiol. 29:1424-1429.
191. Martínez-Murcia, A. J., S. G. Acinas, and F. Rodriguez-Valera. 1995. Evaluation of prokaryotic diversity by restrictase digestion of 16S rDNA directly amplified from hypersaline environments. FEMS Microbiol. Ecol. 17:247-256.
192. - of a moderately halophilic bacterium. Can. J. Microbiol. 19:1181-1186.
193. Matheson, A. T., G. D. Sprott, I. J. McDonald, and H. Tessier. 1976. Some properties of an unidentified halophile: growth characteristics, internal salt concentration, and morphology. Can. J. Microbiol. 22:780-786.
194. Matheson, A. T., M. Yaguchi, R. N. Nazar, L. P. Visentin, and G. E. Willick. 1978. The structure of ribosomes from moderate and extreme halophilic bacteria, p. 481-500. In S. R. Caplan and M. Ginzburg (ed.), Energetics and structure of halophilic microorganisms. Elsevier/North-Holland Biomedical Press, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
195. McMeekin, T. A., and P. D. Franzmann. 1988. Effect of temperature on the growth rates of halotolerant and halophilic bacteria isolated from Antarctic saline lakes. Polar Biol. 8:281-285.
196. McMeekin, T. A., P. D. Nichols, S. D. Nichols, A. Juhasz, and P. D. Franzmann. 1993. Biology and biotechnological potential of halotolerant bacteria from Antarctic saline lakes. Experientia 49:1042-1046.
197. Mellado, E. Unpublished results.
198. Mellado, E., J. A. Asturias, J. J. Nieto, K. N. Timmis, and A. Ventosa. 1995. Characterization of the basic replicon of pCM1, a narrow-host-range plasmid from the moderate halophile Chromohalobacter marismortui. J. Bacteriol. 177:3433-3450.
199. Mellado, E., M. T. Garcia, J. J. Nieto, S. Kaplan, and A. Ventosa. 1997. Analysis of the genome of Vibrio costicola: pulsed-field gel electrophoretic analysis of genome size and plasmid-content. Syst. Appl. Microbiol. 20:20-26.
200. Mellado, E., E. R. B. Moore, J. J. Nieto, and A. Ventosa. 1995. Phylogenetic inferences and taxonomic consequences of 16S ribosomal DNA sequence comparison of Chromohalobacter marismortui, Volcaniella eurihalina, and Deleya salina and reclassification of V. eurihalina as Halomonas eurihalina comb. nov. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol. 45:712-716.
201. Mellado, E., E. R. B. Moore, J. J. Nieto, and A. Ventosa. 1996. Analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences of Vibrio costicola strains: description of Salini-vibrio costicola gen. nov., comb. nov. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol. 46:817-821.
202. Mellado, E., J. J. Nieto, and A. Ventosa. 1995. Construction of novel shuttle vectors for use between moderately halophilic bacteria and Eicherichia coli. Plasmid 34:157-164.
203. Miguelez, E., and D. J. Gilmour. 1994. Regulation of cell volume in the salt tolerant bacterium Halomonas elongata. Lett. Appl. Microbiol. 19:363-365.
204. Miller, J. M., S. J. Dobson, P. D. Franzmann, and T. A. McMeekin. 1994. Reevaluating the classification of Paracoccus halodenitrificans with sequence comparisons of 16S ribosomal DNA. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol. 44:360-361.
205. Miller, K. J. 1985. Effects of temperature and sodium chloride concentrations on the phospholipid and fatty acid composition of a halotolerant Planococcus sp. J. Bacteriol. 162:263-270.
206. Miller, K. J. 1986. Effects of monovalent and divalent salts on the phospholipid and fatty acid compositions of a halotolerant Planococcus sp. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 52:580-582.
207. Miller, K. J., and S. Leschine. 1984. A halotolerant Planococcus from Antarctic dry valleys. Curr. Microbiol. 11:205-210.
208. Min-Yu, L., H. Ono, and M. Takano. 1993. Gene cloning of ectoine synthase from Halomonas sp. Annu. Rep. Int. Cent. Coop. Res. Biotechnol. Jpn. 16:193-200.
209. Mojica, F. J. M., E. Cisneros, C. Ferrer, F. Rodriguez-Valera, and G. Juez. 1997. Osmotically induced response in representatives of halophilic prokaryotes: the bacterium Halomonas elongata and the archaeon Haloferux volcanii. J. Bacteriol. 179:5471-5481.
210. Monteoliva-Sanchez, M., M. R. Ferrer, A. Ramos-Cormenzana, E. Quesada, and M. Monteoliva. 1988. Cellular fatty acid composition of Deleya halophila: effect of growth temperature and salt concentration. J. Gen. Microbiol. 134:199-2113.
211. Monteoliva-Sanchez, M., and A. Ramos-Cormenzana. 1986. Effect of growth temperature and salt concentration on the fatty acid composition of Flavobacterium halmephilum CCM2831. FEMS Microbiol. Lett. 33:51-54.
212. Monteoliva-Sanchez, M., and A. Ramos-Cormenzana. 1987. Cellular fatty acid composition in moderately halophilic Gram-negative rods. J. Appl. Bacteriol. 62:361-366.
213. Monteoliva-Sanchez, M., and A. Ramos-Cormenzana. 1987. Cellular fatty acid composition of Planococcus halophilus NRCC 14033 as affected by growth temperature and salt concentration. Curr. Microbiol. 15:133-136.
214. Monteoliva-Sanchez, M., A. Ramos-Cormenzana, and N. J. Russell. 1993. The effect of salinity and compatible solutes on the biosynthesis of cyclo-propane fatty acids in Pseudomonas halosaccharolytica. J. Gen. Microbiol. 139:1877-1884.
215. Monteoliva-Sanchez, M., A. Ventosa, and A. Ramos-Cormenzana. 1989. Cellular fatty acid composition of moderately halophilic cocci. Syst. Appl. Microbiol. 12:141-144.
216. Morishita, H. 1978. Control by episome on salt-resistance in bacteria, p. 431-439. In H. Noda (ed.), Origin of life. Japan Scientific Societies Press, Tokyo, Japan.
217. Morishita, H. 1978. Genetic regulation on salt resistance in halophilic bacteria, p. 599-606. In S. R. Caplan and M. Ginzburg (ed.), Energetics and structure of halophilic microorganisms. Elsevier/North-Holland Biomedical Press, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
218. Mota, R. R., M. C. Márquez, D. A. Arahal, E. Mellado, and A. Ventosa. 1997. Polyphasic taxonomy of Nesterenkonia halobia. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol. 47:1231-1235.
219. Mullakhanbhai, M. F., and H. Larsen. 1975. Halobacterium volcanii spec. nov., a Dead Sea halobacterium with a moderate salt requirement. Arch. Microbiol. 104:207-214.
220. Mylona, P., and P. Katinakis. 1992. Oxidative stress in the moderately halophilic bacterium Deleya halophila: effect of NaCl concentration. Experientia 48:54-57.
221. Nícolaus, B., F. Marsíglía, E. Esposíto, L. Lama, A. Tríncone, G. dí Prísco, A. Gambacorta, M. J. Valderrama, and W. D. Grant. 1992. Isolation of extremely halotolerant cocci from Antarctica. FEMS Microbiol. Lett. 99: 145-150.
222. Nieto, J. J. 1991. The response of halophilic bacteria to heavy metals, p. 173-179. In F. Rodriguez-Valera (ed.), General and applied aspects of halophilic microorganisms. Plenum Press, New York, N.Y.
223. Nieto, J. J., R. Fernandez-Castillo, M. T. Garcia, E. Mellado, and A. Ventosa. 1993. Survey of antimicrobial susceptibility of moderately halophilic eubacteria and extremely halophilic aerobic archaeobacteria: utilization of antimicrobial resistance as a genetic marker. Syst. Appl. Microbiol. 16:352-360.
224. Nieto, J. J., R. Fernández-Castillo, M. C. Márquez, A. Ventosa, E. Quesada, and F. Ruiz-Berraquero. 1989. Survey of metal tolerance in moderately halophilic eubacteria. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 55:2385-2390.
225. Nikolayev, Y. A., and N. I. Matveyeva. 1990. Energization of alanine transport compared in the moderate halophilic bacterium Vibrio costicola and the halotolerant bacterium Micrococcus varians at different pH. Mikrobiologiya 59:933-937.
226. Nikolayev, Y. A., N. I. Matveyeva, and V. K. Plakunov. 1990. The properties of amino acid transport systems in some weak and temperate halophiles as well as in halotolerant bacteria. Mikrobiologiya 59:213-221.
227. Novitsky, T. J., and D. J. Kushner. 1975. Influence of temperature and salt concentration on the growth of a facultatively halophilic "Micrococcus" sp. Can. J. Microbiol. 21:107-110.
228. Novitsky, T. J., and D. J. Kushner. 1976. Planococcus halophilus sp. nov., a facultatively halophilic coccus. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol. 26:53-57.
229. Ohno, Y., H. Hara, S. Toriyama, I. Yano, and M. Masui. 1980. Biosynthesis of glucophospholipids in Pseudomonas halosaccharolytica, p. 181-187. In H. Morishita and M. Masui (ed.), Saline environments. Proceedings of the Japanese Conference on Halophilic Microbiology. Nakanishi Printing Co., Kyoto, Japan.
230. Ohno, Y., I. Yano, T. Hiramatsu, and M. Masui. 1976. Lipids and fatty acids of a moderately halophilic bacterium, no. 101. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 424: 337-350.
231. Ohno, Y., I. Yano, and M. Masui. 1979. Effect of NaCl concentration and temperature on phospholipid and fatty acid composition of a moderately halophilic bacterium Pseudomonas halosaccharolytica. J. Biochem. 85:413-421.
232. Ollivier, B., P. Caumette, J.-L. Garcia, and R. A. Mah. 1994. Anaerobic bacteria from hypersaline environments. Microbiol. Rev. 58:27-38.
233. Onishi, H. 1972. Halophilic amylase from a moderately halophilic Micrococcus. J. Bacteriol. 109:570-574.
234. Onishi, H. 1972. Salt response of amylase produced in media of different NaCl or KCl concentrations by a moderately halophilic Micrococcus. Can. J. Microbiol. 18:1617-1620.
235. Onishi, H., H. Fuchi, K. Konomi, O. Hidaka, and M. Kamekura. 1980. Isolation and distribution of a variety of halophilic bacteria and their classification by salt-response. Agric. Biol. Chem. 44:1253-1258.
236. Onishi, H., and O. Hidaka. 1978. Purification and properties of amylase produced by a moderately halophilic Acinetobacter sp. Can. J. Microbiol. 24: 1017-1023.
237. Onishi, H., and M. Kamekura. 1972. Micrococcus halobius sp. nov. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol. 22:233-236.
238. Onishi, H., T. Kobayashi, N. Morita, and M. Baba. 1984. Effect of salt concentration on the cadmium tolerance of a moderately halophilic cadmium tolerant Pseudomonas sp. Agric. Biol. Chem. 48:2441-2448.
239. Onishi, H., T. Mori, S. Takeuchi, K. Tani, T. Kobayashi, and M. Kamekura. 1983. Halophilic nuclease of a moderately halophilic Bacillus sp.: production, purification and characteristics. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 45: 24-30.
240. Onishi, H., and K. Sonoda. 1979. Purification and some properties of an extracellular amylase from a moderate halophile, Micrococcus halobius. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 38:616-620.
241. Onishi, H., H. Yokoi, and M. Kamekura. 1991. An application of a bioreactor with flocculated cells of halophilic Micrococcus varians subsp. halophilus which preferentially adsorbed halophilic nuclease H to 5′-nucleotide production, p. 341-349. In F. Rodriguez-Valera (ed.), General and applied aspects of halophilic microorganisms. Plenum Press, New York, N.Y.
242. Oren, A. 1988. The microbial ecology of the Dead Sea. Adv. Microb. Ecol. 10:193-229.
243. Oren, A. 1990. Estimation of the contribution of halobacteria to the bacterial biomass and activity in a solar saltern by the use of bile salts. FEMS Microbiol. Ecol. 73:41-48.
244. Oren, A. 1990. The use of protein synthesis inhibitors in the estimation of the contribution of halophilic archaebacteria to bacterial activity in hypersaline environments. FEMS Microbiol. Ecol. 73:187-192
245. Oren, A. 1990. Thymidine incorporation in saltern ponds of different salinities: estimation of in situ growth rates of halophilic archaeobacteria and eubacteria. Microb. Ecol. 19:43-51.
246. Oren, A. 1991. Estimation of the contribution of archaebacteria and eubacteria to the bacterial biomass and activity in hypersaline ecosystems: novel approaches, p. 25-31. In F. Rodriguez-Valera (ed.), General and applied aspects of halophilic bacteria. Plenum Press, New York, N.Y.
247. Oren, A. 1993. Ecology of extremely halophilic microorganisms, p. 23-53. In R. H. Vreeland and L. I. Hochstein (ed.), The biology of halophilic bacteria. CRC Press, Inc., Boca Raton, Fla.
248. Oren, A. 1995. Comment on Convergent evolution of amino acid usage in archaebacterial and eubacterial lineages adapted to high salt (M. Ghandbhir et al., Res. Microbiol. 146:113-120, 1995). Res. Microbiol. 146:805-806.
249. Oren, A., G. Bratbak, and M. Heldal. 1997. Occurrence of virus-like particles in the Dead Sea. Extremophiles 1:143-149.
250. Oren, A. P. Gurevich, M. Azachi, and Y. Henis. 1992. Microbial degradation of pollutants at high salt concentrations. Biodegradation 3:387-398.
251. Oren, A., P. Gurevich, M. Azachi, and Y. Henis. 1993. Microbial degradation of pollutants at high salt concentrations, p. 263-274. In E. Rosenberg (ed.), Microorganisms to combat pollution. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht, The Netherlands.
252. Oren, A., M. Heldal, and S. Norland. 1997. X-ray microanalysis of intracellular ions in the anaerobic halophilic eubacterium Haloanaerobium praevalens. Can. J. Microbiol. 43:588-592.
253. Paster, B. J., F. E. Dewhirst, W. G. Weisburg, L. A. Tordoff, G. J. Fraser, R. B. Hespell, T. B. Stanton, L. Zahlen, L. Mandelco, and C. R. Woese. 1991. Phylogenetic analysis of the spirochetes. J. Bacteriol. 173:6101-6109.
254. Peerbaye, Y., and D. J. Kushner. 1993. Effects of penicillin on a moderately halophilic bacterium, Vibrio costicola. Curr. Microbiol. 26:229-232.
255. Peleg, E., and A. Tietz. 1971. Glycolipids of a halotolerant moderately halophilic bacterium. FEMS Microbiol. Lett. 15:309-312.
256. Peleg, E., and A. Tietz. 1973. Phospholipids of a moderately halophilic halotolerant bacterium. Isolation and identification of glucosylphosphatidylglycerol. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 306:368-379.
257. Peleg, E., A. Tietz, and I. Friedberg. 1980. Effects of salts and ionophores on proline transport in a moderately halotolerant bacterium. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 595:118-128.
258. Pérez, M. E., M. J. Montes, V. Béjar, E. Quesada, and C. Ruiz. 1997. Efecto del polisacárido V2-7 de Halomonas eurihalina cepa F2-7 sobre linfocitos humanos, abstr. 222. In Abstracts del XVI Congreso de la Sociedad Española de Microbiologia.
259. Peters, P., E. A. Galinski, and H. G. Trüper. 1990. The biosynthesis of ectoine. FEMS Microbiol. Lett. 71:157-162.
260. Pfiffner, S. M., M. J. McInerney, G. E. Jenneman, and R. M. Knapp. 1986. Isolation of halotolerant, thermotolerant, facultative polymer-producing bacteria and characterization of the exopolymer. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 51:1224-1229.
261. Post, J. F. 1977. The microbial ecology of the Great Salt Lake. Microb. Ecol. 3:143-165.
262. Prado, B., A. Del Moral, E. Quesada, R. Ríos, M. Monteoliva-Sanchez, V. Campos, and A. Ramos-Cormenzana. 1991. Numerical taxonomy of moderately halophilic Gram-negative rods isolated from the Salar de Atacama, Chile. Syst. Appl. Microbiol. 14:275-281.
263. Quesada, E., V. Bejar, and C. Calvo. 1993. Exopolysaccharide production by Volcaniella eurihalina. Experientia 49:1037-1041.
264. Quesada, E., V. Bejar, M. J. Valderrama, and A. Ramos-Cormenzana. 1987. Growth characteristics and salt requirement of Deleya halophila in a defined medium. Curr. Microbiol. 16:21-25.
265. Quesada, E., V. Bejar, M. J. Valderrama, A. Ventosa, and A. Ramos-Cormenzana. 1985. Isolation and characterization of moderately halophilic nonmotile rods from different saline habitats. Microbiologia SEM 1:89-96.
266. Quesada, E., M. J. Valderrama, V. Bejar, A. Ventosa, M. C. Gutierrez, F. Ruiz-Berraquero, and A. Ramos-Cormenzana. 1990. Volcaniella eurihalina gen. nov., sp. nov., a moderately halophilic nonmotile gram-negative rod. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol. 40:261-267.
267. Quesada, E., A. Ventosa, F. Rodriguez-Valera, L. Megias, and A. Ramos-Cormenzana. 1983. Numerical taxonomy of moderately halophilic gram-negative bacteria from hypersaline soils. J. Gen. Microbiol. 129:2649-2657.
268. Quesada, E., A. Ventosa, F. Rodriguez-Valera, and A. Ramos-Cormenzana. 1982. Types and properties of some bacteria isolated from hypersaline soils. J. Appl. Microbiol. 53:155-161.
269. Quesada, E., A. Ventosa, F. Ruiz-Berraquero, and A. Ramos-Cormenzana. 1984. Deleya halophila, a new species of moderately halophilic bacteria. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol. 34:287-292.
270. Quevedo-Sarmiento, J., A. Del Moral, M. R. Ferrer, and A. Ramos-Cormenzana. 1988. Antibiotic-resistant moderately halophilic Gram negative rods from hypersaline waters. Chemosphere 17:2233-2242.
271. Quevedo-Sarmiento, J., A. Del Moral, M. R. Ferrer, and A. Ramos-Cormenzana. 1989. Antibiotic-resistant moderately halophilic Gram negative motile rods from hypersaline waters, p. 423. In M. S. Da Costa, J. C. Duarte, and R. A. D. Williams (ed.), Microbiology of extreme environments and its potential for biotechnology. Elsevier Applied Science, London, United Kingdom.
272. Rafaeli-Eshkol, D. 1968. Studies on halotolerance in a moderately halophilic bacterium. Effect of growth conditions on salt resistance of the respiratory system. Biochem. J. 109:679-685.
273. Rafaeli-Eshkol, D., and Y. Avi-Dor. 1968. Studies on halotolerance in a moderately halophilic bacterium. Effect of betaine on salt resistance of the respiratory system. Biochem. J. 109:687-691.
274. Ramos-Cormenzana, A. 1989. Ecological distribution and biotechnological potential of halophilic microorganisms, p. 289-309. In M. S. Da Costa, J. C. Duarte, and R. A. D. Williams (ed.), Microbiology of extreme environments and its potential for biotechnology. Elsevier Applied Science, London, United Kingdom.
275. Ramos-Cormenzana, A. 1991. Halophilic organisms and the environment, p. 15-24. In F. Rodriguez-Valera (ed.), General and applied aspects of halophilic microorganisms. Plenum Press, New York, N.Y.
276. Ramos-Cormenzana, A. 1993. Ecology of moderately halophilic bacteria, p. 55-86. In R. H. Vreeland and L. I. Hochstein (ed.), The biology of halophilic bacteria. CRC Press, Inc., Boca Raton, Fla.
277. 13C NMR study of the interrelation between synthesis and uptake of compatible solutes in two moderately halophilic eubacteria. Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 278:106-112.
278. Ríos, M. Unpublished results.
279. Rivadeneyra, M. A., R. Delgado, A. Del Moral, M. R. Ferrer, and A. Ramos-Cormenzana. 1994. Precipitation of calcium carbonate by Vibrio spp. from an inland saltern. FEMS Microbiol. Ecol. 13:197-204.
280. 3 precipitation by Deleya halophila? p. 418. In M. S. Da Costa, J. C. Duarte, and R. A. D. Williams (ed.), Microbiology of extreme environments and its potential for biotechnology. Elsevier Applied Science, London, United Kingdom.
281. Rivadeneyra, M. A., R. Delgado, E. Quesada, and A. Ramos-Cormenzana. 1991. Precipitation of calcium carbonate by Deleya halophila in media containing NaCl as sole salt. Curr. Microbiol. 22:185-190.
282. Rivadeneyra, M. A., A. Ramos-Cormenzana, G. Delgado, and K. Delgado, 1996. Process of carbonate precipitation by Deleya halophila. Curr. Microbiol. 32:308-313.
283. Robinson, J. 1952. The effects of salts on the nitratase and lactic dehydrogenase of Micrococcus halodenitrificans. Can. J. Bot. 30:155-163.
284. Rodriguez-Valera, F. 1986. The ecology and taxonomy of aerobic chemoorganotrophic halophilic eubacteria. FEMS Microbiol. Rev. 39:17-22.
285. Rodriguez-Valera, F. 1988. Characteristics and microbial ecology of hypersaline environments, p. 3-30. In F. Rodriguez-Valera (ed.), Halophilic bacteria, vol. 1. CRC Press, Inc., Boca Raton, Fla.
286. Rodriguez-Valera, F., A. Ventosa, G. Juez, and J. F. Imhoff. 1985. Variation of environmental features and microbial populations with salt concentrations in a multi-pond saltern. Microb. Ecol. 11:107-115.
287. Rodriguez-Valera, F., F. Ruiz-Berraquero, and A. Ramos-Cormenzana. 1980. Behaviour of mixed populations of halophilic bacteria in continuous cultures. Can. J. Microbiol. 26:1259-1263.
288. Rodriguez-Valera, F., F. Ruiz-Berraquero, and A. Ramos-Cormenzana. 1981. Characteristics of the heterotrophic bacterial populations in hypersaline environments of different salt concentrations. Microb. Ecol. 7:235-243.
289. Rölling, W. F. M., and H. van Verseveld. 1996. Characterization of Tetragenococcus halophila populations in Indonesian soy mash (kecap) fermentation. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 62:1203-1207.
290. Romano, I., B. Nicolaus, L. Lama, M. C. Manca, and A. Gambacorta. 1996. Characterization of a haloalkalophilic strictly aerobic bacterium, isolated from Pantelleria island. Syst. Appl. Microbiol. 19:326-333.
291. Rosenberg, A. 1983. Pseudomonas halodurans sp. nov., a halotolerant bacterium. Arch. Microbiol. 136:117-123.
292. Ruan, J.-S., A. M. Al-Tai, Z.-H. Zhou, and L.-H. Qu. 1994. Actinopolyspora iraquiensis sp. nov., a new halophilic actinomycete isolated from soil. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol. 44:759-763.
293. Russell, N. J. 1989. Adaptive modifications in membranes of halotolerant and halophilic microorganisms. J. Bioenerg. Biomembr. 21:93-113.
294. Russell, N. J. 1993. Lipids of halophilic and halotolerant microorganisms, p. 163-210. In R. H. Vreeland and L. I. Hochstein (ed.), The biology of halophilic bacteria. CRC Press, Boca Raton, Fla.
295. Russell, N. J., R. Adams, J. Bygraves, and M. Kogut. 1986. Cell envelope phospholipid changes in a moderate halophile during phenotypic adaptation to altered salinity and osmotic stress. FEMS Microbiol. Rev. 39:103-107.
296. Russell, N. J., and M. Kogut. 1988. Haloadaptation: salt sensing and cell-envelope changes. Microbiol. Sci. 2:345-350.
297. Russell, N. J., M. Kogut, and M. Kates. 1985. Phospholipid biosynthesis in the moderately halophilic bacterium Vibrio costicola during adaptation to changing salt concentrations. J. Gen. Microbiol. 131:781-789.
298. + composition of the moderately halophilic bacterium, Paracoccus halodenitrificans. Can. J. Microbiol. 26:496-502.
299. 1 bacterium. Biophys. Chem. 46:21-25.
300. Salvarrey, M. S., J. J. B. Cannata, and J. J. Cazzulo. 1989. Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase from the moderate halophile Vibrio costicola. Purification, physicochemical properties and the effect of univalent-cation salts. Biochem. J. 260:221-230.
301. Salvarrey, M. S., and J. J. Cazzulo. 1980. Some properties of the NADP-specific malic enzyme from the moderate halophile Vibrio costicola. Can. J. Microbiol. 26:50-57.
302. 2-oxaloacetate exchange catalyzed by the phosphoenol pyruvate carboxykinase from the moderate halophile, Vibrio costicola. Biochem. Mol. Biol. Int. 36:1225-1234.
303. Sánchez Amat, A., and F. Torrella. 1989. Isolation and characterization of marine and salt pond halophylic bdellovibrios. Can. J. Microbiol. 35:771-778.
304. Satomi, M., B. Kimura, M. Mizoi, T. Sato, and T. Fujii. 1997. Tetragenococcus muriaticus sp. nov., a new moderately halophilic lactic acid bacterium isolated from fermented squid liver sauce. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol. 47: 832-836.
305. Sauer, T., and E. A. Galinski. Bacterial milking: a novel bioprocess for production of compatible solutes. Biotechnol. Bioeng., in press.
306. Severin, J., A. Wohlfarth, and E. A. Galinski. 1992. The predominant role of recently discovered tetrahydropyrimidines for the osmoadaptation of halophilic eubacteria. J. Gen. Microbiol. 138:1629-1638.
307. Shah, V. H., and J. D. H. De Sa. 1964. Studies on halotolerant and halophilic bacteria. I. Isolation and salt response. Indian J. Exp. Biol. 2:181-184.
308. Shindler, D. B., R. M. Wydro, and D. J. Kushner. 1977. Cell-bound cations of the moderately halophilic bacterium Vibrio costicola. J. Bacteriol. 130: 698-703.
309. Shkedy-Vinkler, C., and V. Avi-Dor. 1975. Betaine-induced stimulation of respiration at high osmolarities in a halotolerant bacterium. Biochem. J. 150:219-226.
310. 1. Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 213:177-185.
311. Simon, R. D., A. Abeliovich, and S. Belkin. 1994. A novel terrestrial halophilic environment: the phylloplane of Atriplex halinus, a salt-excreting plant. FEMS Microbiol. Ecol. 14:99-110.
312. Skerman, V. B. D., V. McGowan, and P. H. A. Sneath (ed.). 1980. Approved list of bacterial names. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol. 30:225-420.
313. Skerratt, J. H., P. D. Nichols, C. A. Mancuso, S. R. James, S. J. Dobson, T. A. McMeekin, and H. Burton. 1991. The phospholipid ester-linked fatty acid composition of members of the family Halomonadaceae and genus Flavobacterium: a chemotaxonomic guide. Syst. Appl. Microbiol. 14:8-13.
314. Smith, F. B. 1938. An investigation of a taint in rib bones of bacon. The determination of halophilic vibrios (n. spp.). Proc. R. Soc. Queensl. 49:29-52.
315. Spring, S., W. Ludwig, M. C. Marquez, A. Ventosa, and K.-H. Schleifer. 1996. Halobacillus gen nov., with descriptions of Halobacillus litoralis sp. nov. and Halobacillus trueperi sp. nov., and transfer of Sporosarcina halophila to Halobacillus halophilus comb. nov. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol. 46:492-496.
316. Stackebrandt, E., C. Koch, O. Gvozdiak, and P. Schumann. 1995. Taxonomic dissection of the genus Micrococcus: Kocuria gen. nov., Nesterenkonia gen. nov., Kytococcus gen. nov., Dermacoccus gen. nov. and Micrococcus Cohn 1987 gen. emend. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol. 45:682-692.
317. Stern, N., and A. Tietz. 1973. Glycolipids of a halotolerant, moderately halophilic bacterium. I. The effect of growth medium and age of culture on lipid composition. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 296:130-135.
318. Stern, N., and A. Tietz. 1973. Glycolipids of a halotolerant, moderately halophilic bacterium. II. Biosynthesis of glucuronosyldiglyceride by cell-free particles. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 296:136-144.
319. Stern, N., and A. Tietz. 1978. Glycolipids of a halotolerant, moderately halophilic bacterium. Biosynthesis of glucosylphosphatidylglycerol by cell-free particles. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 530:357-366.
320. Sutton, G. C., P. J. Quinn, and N. J. Russell. 1990. The effect of salinity on the composition of fatty acid double bond isomers and sn-1/sn-2 positional distribution in membrane phospholipids of a moderately halophilic eubacterium. Curr. Microbiol. 20:43-46.
321. Sutton, G. C., N. J. Russell, and P. J. Quinn. 1990. The effect of salinity on the phase behaviour of purified phosphatidylethanolamine and phosphatidylglycerol isolated from a moderately halophilic eubacterium. Chem. Phys. Lipids 56:135-147.
322. Sutton, G. C., N. J. Russell, and P. J. Quinn. 1991. The effect of salinity on the phase behaviour of total lipid extracts and binary mixtures of the major phospholipids isolated from a moderately halophilic eubacterium. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1061:235-246.
323. Tao, T., N. Yasuda, H. Ono, A. Shinmyo, and M. Takano. 1992. Purification and characterization of 2,4-diaminobutyric acid transaminase from Halomonas sp. Annu. Rep. Int. Centre Coop. Res. Biotechnol. Jpn. 15:187-199.
324. Tegos, G., C. Vargas, G. Vartholomatos, A. Perysinakis, J. J. Nieto, A. Ventosa, and C. Drainas. 1997. Identification of a promoter region on the Halomonas elongata cryptic plasmid pHE1 employing the inaZ reporter gene of Pseudomonas syringae. FEMS Microbiol. Lett. 154:45-51.
325. Thomas, T., and E. A. Galinski. 1996. Anaerobic high-cell-density (HCD) fermentation and cyclic production of compatible solutes with halophilic, denitrifying bacteria, abstr. 192. In Abstracts of the First International Congress on Extremophiles.
326. Thongthai, C., and P. Suntinanalert. 1991. Halophiles in Thai fish sauce (nam pla), p. 381-388. In F. Rodriguez-Valera (ed.), General and applied aspects of halophilic microorganisms. Plenum Press, New York, N.Y.
327. Tindall, B. J. 1988. Prokaryotic life in the alkaline, saline, athalassic environment, p. 31-67. In F. Rodriguez-Valera (ed.) Halophilic bacteria, vol. I. CRC Press, Inc., Boca Raton, Fla.
328. + pump functions. J. Bacteriol. 156:636-643.
329. Trüper, H. G., and E. A. Galinski. 1986. Concentrated brines as habitats for microorganisms. Experientia 42:1182-1187.
330. Trüper, H. G., J. Severin, A. Wohlfarth, E. Müller, and E. A. Galinski. 1991. Halophily, taxonomy, phylogeny and nomenclature, p. 3-7. In F. Rodriguez-Valera (ed.), General and applied aspects of halophilic microorganisms. Plenum Press, New York, N.Y.
331. Uchida, K., and C. Kanbe. 1993. Occurrence of bacteriophages lytic for Pediococcus halophilus, a halophilic lactic-acid bacterium, in soy sauce fermentation. J. Gen. Appl. Microbiol. 39:429-437.
332. + antiport system of a moderately halophilic Vibrio costicola. J. Biol. Chem. 261:2616-2622.
333. +-dependent amino acid transport in moderately halophilic bacteria. J. Gen. Microbiol. 139:2779-2782.
334. + pump in moderately halophilic bacteria. J. Gen. Microbiol. 138:1999-2005.
335. Unemoto, T., M. Hayashi, and K. Terao. 1977. Lysis of halophilic Vibrio alginolyticus and Vibrio costicolus by chaotropic anions. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 500:425-431.
336. Valderrama, M. J., E. Quesada, V. Bejar, A. Ventosa, M. C. Gutierrez, F. Ruiz-Berraquero, and A. Ramos-Cormenzana. 1991. Deleya salina sp. nov., a moderately halophilic gram-negative bacterium. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol. 41: 377-384.
337. Van Qua, D., U. Simidu, and N. Taga. 1981. Purification and some properties of halophilic protease produced by a moderately halophilic marine Pseudomonas sp. Can. J. Microbiol. 27:505-510.
338. Vargas, C., M. J. Coronado, A. Ventosa, and J. J. Nieto. 1997. Host range, stability and compatibility of broad host-range-plasmids and a shuttle vector in moderately halophilic bacteria. Evidence of intrageneric and intergeneric conjugation in moderate halophiles. Syst. Appl. Microbiol. 20:173-181.
339. Vargas, C., R. Fernández-Castillo, D. Cánovas, A. Ventosa, and J. J. Nieto. 1995. Isolation of cryptic plasmids from moderately halophilic eubacteria of the genus Halomonas. Characterization of a small plasmid from H. elongata and its use for shuttle vector construction. Mol. Gen. Genet. 246:411-418.
340. Ventosa, A. 1988. Taxonomy of moderately halophilic heterotrophic eubacteria, p. 71-84. In F. Rodriguez-Valera (ed.), Halophilic bacteria, vol. I. CRC Press, Inc., Boca Raton, Fla.
341. Ventosa, A. 1994. Taxonomy and phylogeny of moderately halophilic bacteria, p. 231-242. In F. G. Priest (ed.), Bacterial diversity and systematics. Plenum Press, New York, N.Y.
342. Ventosa, A., M. T. García, M. Kamekura, H. Onishi, and F. Ruiz-Berraquero. 1989. Bacillus halophilus sp. nov., a moderately halophilic Bacillus species. Syst. Appl. Microbiol. 12:162-166.
343. Ventosa, A., M. C. Gutierrez, M. T. Garcia, and F. Ruiz-Berraquero. 1989. Classification of "Chromobacterium marismortui" in a new genus, Chromohalobacter gen. nov., as Chromohalobacter marismortui comb. nov., nom. rev. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol. 39:382-386.
344. Ventosa, A., M. C. Marquez, F. Ruiz-Berraquero, and M. Kocur. 1990. Salinicoccus roseus gen. nov., sp. nov., a new moderately halophilic Gram-positive coccus. Syst. Appl. Microbiol. 13:29-33.
345. Ventosa, A., M. C. Márquez, N. Weiss, and B. J. Tindall. 1992. Transfer of Marinococcus hispanicus to the genus Salinicoccus as Salinicoccus hispanicus comb. nov. Syst. Appl. Microbiol. 15:530-534.
346. Ventosa, A., and J. J. Nieto. 1995. Biotechnological applications and potentialities of halophilic microorganisms. World J. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 11:85-94.
347. Ventosa, A., F. Rodriguez-Valera, J. S. Poindexter, and W. S. Reznikoff. 1984. Selection for moderately halophilic bacteria by gradual salinity increases. Can. J. Microbiol. 30:1279-1282.
348. Vilhelmsson, O., H. Hafsteinsson, and J. K. Kristjánsson. 1996. Isolation and characterization of moderately halophilic bacteria from fully cured salted cod (bachalao). J. Appl. Bacteriol. 81:95-103.
349. Villar, M., A. P. de Ruiz Holgado, J. J. Sanchez, R. E. Trucco, and G. Oliver. 1985. Isolation and characterization of Pediococcus halophilus from salted anchovies (Engraulis anchoita). Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 49:664-666.
350. Volcani, B. E. 1944. The microorganisms of the Dead Sea, p. 71-85. In Papers collected to commemorate the 70th anniversary of Dr. Chaim Weizmann. Collective volume. The Daniel Sieff Research Institute, Rehovoth, Israel.
351. Vreeland, R. H. 1987. Mechanisms of halotolerance in microorganisms. Crit. Rev. Microbiol. 14:311-356.
352. Vreeland, R. H. 1992. The family Halomonadaceae, p. 3181-3188. In A. Balows, H. G. Trüper, M. Dworkin, W. Harder, and K.-H. Schleifer (ed.), The prokaryotes. A handbook on the biology of bacteria: ecophysiology, isolation, identification, applications. 2nd ed., vol. IV. Springer-Verlag, New York, N.Y.
353. Vreeland, R. H. 1993. Taxonomy of halophilic bacteria, p. 105-134. In R. H. Vreeland and L. I. Hochstein (ed.), The biology of halophilic bacteria. CRC Press, Inc., Boca Raton, Fla.
354. Vreeland, R. H., R. Anderson, and R. G. E. Murray. 1984. Cell wall and phospholipid composition and their contribution to the salt tolerance of Halomonas elongata. J. Bacteriol. 160:879-883.
355. Vreeland, R. H., S. L. Daigle, S. T. Fields, D. J. Hart, and E. L. Martin. 1991. Physiology of Halomonas elongata indifferent NaCl concentrations, p. 233-241. In F. Rodriguez-Valera (ed), General and applied aspects of halophilic microorganisms. Plenum Press, New York, N.Y.
356. Vreeland, R. H., and J. H. Huval. 1991. Phenotypic characterization of halophilic bacteria from ground water sources in the United States, p. 53-60. In F. Rodriguez-Valera (ed.), General and applied aspects of halophilic microorganisms. Plenum Press, New York, N.Y.
357. Vreeland, R. H., C. D. Litchfield, E. L. Martin, and E. Elliot 1980. Halomonas elongata, a new genus and species of extremely salt-tolerant bacteria. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol. 30:485-495.
358. Vreeland, R. H., and E. L. Martin. 1980. Growth characteristics, effects of temperature, and ion specificity of the halotolerant bacterium Halomonas elongata. Can. J. Microbiol. 26:746-752.
359. Vreeland, R. H., B. D. Mierau, C. D. Litchfield, and E. L. Martin. 1983. Relationship of the internal solute composition to the salt tolerance of Halomonas elongata. Can. J. Microbiol. 29:407-414.
360. Ward, D. M., and T. D. Brock. 1978. Hydrocarbon biodegradation in hypersaline environments. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 35:353-359.
361. Weisser, J., and H. G. Trüper. 1985. Osmoregulation in a new haloalkaliphilic Bacillus from the Wadi Natrun (Egypt). Syst. Appl. Microbiol. 6:7-11.
362. Wilkansky, B. 1936. Life in the Dead Sea. Nature 138:467.
363. Wohlfarth, A., J. Severin, and E. A. Galinski. 1990. The spectrum of compatible solutes in heterotrophic halophilic eubacteria of the family Halomonadaceae. J. Gen. Microbiol. 136:705-712.
364. δ-acetylornithine as a novel osmolyte in some Gram-positive halophilic eubacteria. Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol. 39:568-573.
365. Wood, A. P., and D. P. Kelly. 1991. Isolation and characterisation of Thiobacillus halophilus sp. nov., a sulphur-oxidising autotrophic eubacterium from a Western Australian hypersaline lake. Arch. Microbiol. 156:277-280.
366. Woolard, C. R., and R. L. Irvine. 1992. Biological treatment of hypersaline wastewater by a biofilm of halophilic bacteria, abstr. 14. In Abstracts of the Annual Water Environmental Federation Conference.
367. Wydro, R., M. Kogut, and D. J. Kushner. 1975. Salt response of ribosomes of a moderately halophilic bacterium. FEBS Lett. 60:210-215.
368. Wydro, R. M., W. Madira, T. Hiramatsu, M. Kogut, and D. J. Kushner. 1977. Salt-sensitive in vitro protein synthesis by a moderately halophilic bacterium. Nature 269:824-825.
369. Yakimov, M. M., P. N. Golyshin, S. Lang, F. Wagner, E. Moore, W. R. Abraham, and K. N. Timmis. 1996. New moderate halophilic marine strain MM1 produces novel class of biosurfactants, abstr. 182. In Abstracts of the First International Congress on Extremophiles.
370. Yamada, T., I. Shiio, and F. Egami. 1954. On the halophilic alkaline phosphomonoesterase. Proc. Jpn. Acad. Sci. 30:113-115.
371. Yassin, A. F., E. A. Galinski, A. Wohlfarth, K.-D. Jahnke, K. P. Schaal, and H. G. Trüper. 1993. A new actinomycete species, Nocardiopsis lucentensis sp. nov. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol. 43:266-271.
372. Yokoi, H., and H. Onishi. 1989. Effects of several metal ions, especially zinc ions, on RNA degradation by halophilic nuclease H in solution, or adsorbed on flocculated cells of halophilic Micrococcus. Agric. Biol. Chem. Tokyo 53: 1817.
373. 1 - isolation and active site spectroscopic studies. J. Inorg. Biochem. 65:35-43.
374. Yoshida, M., K. Mastubara, T. Kudo, and K. Horikoshi. 1991. Actinopolyspora mortivallis sp. nov., a moderately halophilic actinomycete. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol. 41:15-20.