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Volumn 10, Issue 6, 1998, Pages 742-748

Emerging mechanisms of eukaryotic DNA replication initiation

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

CELL CYCLE PROTEIN; CYCLIN DEPENDENT KINASE; HELICASE;

EID: 0031743684     PISSN: 09550674     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/S0955-0674(98)80117-8     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (76)

References (72)
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    • Regulation of the replication initiator protein p65cdc18 by CDK phosphorylation
    • of outstanding interest. This paper provides genetic and biochemical evidence that fission yeast Cdc18 is down-regulated by CDK phosphorylation in vivo. Phosphorylated Cdc18 is targeted for proteolysis. This is the first example of a cellular initiation factor directly regulated in vivo by CDK-dependent phosphorylation and proteolysis.
    • Jallepalli PV, Brown GW, Muzi-Falconi M, Tien D, Kelly TJ. Regulation of the replication initiator protein p65cdc18 by CDK phosphorylation. of outstanding interest Genes Dev. 11:1997;2767-2779 This paper provides genetic and biochemical evidence that fission yeast Cdc18 is down-regulated by CDK phosphorylation in vivo. Phosphorylated Cdc18 is targeted for proteolysis. This is the first example of a cellular initiation factor directly regulated in vivo by CDK-dependent phosphorylation and proteolysis.
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    • Negative regulation of Cdc18 DNA replication protein by Cdc2
    • of outstanding interest. Together with [44] and [57] this paper provides evidence that fission yeast Cdc18 binds to and is phosphorylated by CDKs. Cdc18 is multiply phoshorylated; phosphorylation of Thr104 appears to inhibits Cdc18 by a mechanism independent of proteolysis but other phosphorylations do not have this effect.
    • Lopez-Girona A, Mondesert O, Leatherwood J, Russell P. Negative regulation of Cdc18 DNA replication protein by Cdc2. of outstanding interest Mol Biol Cell. 9:1998;63-73 Together with [44] and [57] this paper provides evidence that fission yeast Cdc18 binds to and is phosphorylated by CDKs. Cdc18 is multiply phoshorylated; phosphorylation of Thr104 appears to inhibits Cdc18 by a mechanism independent of proteolysis but other phosphorylations do not have this effect.
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    • Evidence for a Cdc6p-independent mitotic resetting event involving DNA polymerase alpha
    • of special interest. This paper provides evidence that polymerase alpha primase association with chromatin is regulated by CDK phosphorylation in budding yeast. How this influences DNA replication has yet to be determined. This study reveals a novel pathway by which CDKs might control DNA replication.
    • Desdouets C, Santocanale C, Drury LS, Perkins G, Foiani M, Plevani P, Diffley JF. Evidence for a Cdc6p-independent mitotic resetting event involving DNA polymerase alpha. of special interest EMBO J. 17:1998;4139-4146 This paper provides evidence that polymerase alpha primase association with chromatin is regulated by CDK phosphorylation in budding yeast. How this influences DNA replication has yet to be determined. This study reveals a novel pathway by which CDKs might control DNA replication.
    • (1998) EMBO J , vol.17 , pp. 4139-4146
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    • Formation of a preinitiation complex by S-phase cyclin CDK-dependent loading of Cdc45p onto chromatin
    • of outstanding interest. This paper provides some of the first evidence about how CDKs may activate DNA replication initiation. The authors show that Cdc45 binding to chromatin depends on prior association of MCMs and most importantly that Cdc45 binding requires activation of S phase CDK function. Their data also show that Cdc45 binding to Mcm2 is cell cycle regulated.
    • Zou L, Stillman B. Formation of a preinitiation complex by S-phase cyclin CDK-dependent loading of Cdc45p onto chromatin. of outstanding interest Science. 280:1998;593-596 This paper provides some of the first evidence about how CDKs may activate DNA replication initiation. The authors show that Cdc45 binding to chromatin depends on prior association of MCMs and most importantly that Cdc45 binding requires activation of S phase CDK function. Their data also show that Cdc45 binding to Mcm2 is cell cycle regulated.
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    • Persistent initiation of DNA replication and chromatin-bound MCM proteins during the cell cycle in cdc6 mutants
    • 2 is one of the primary mechanisms for limiting DNA replication to once per cell cycle.
    • 2 is one of the primary mechanisms for limiting DNA replication to once per cell cycle.
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    • Liang, C.1    Stillman, B.2
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    • 1 phase is sufficient to block prereplicative complex formation in Saccharomyces cerevisiae
    • of special interest. This paper provides direct evidence that mitotic CDK activity can inhibit pre-RC formation in budding yeast by blocking the function of Cdc6.
    • 1 phase is sufficient to block prereplicative complex formation in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. of special interest Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 95:1998;2384-2389 This paper provides direct evidence that mitotic CDK activity can inhibit pre-RC formation in budding yeast by blocking the function of Cdc6.
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    • Detweiler, C.S.1    Li, J.J.2
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    • Regulated chromosomal DNA replication in the absence of a nucleus
    • of outstanding interest. Using Xenopus extracts, the authors developed a completely soluble system for DNA replication that faithfully recapitulates once per cell cycle control of replication. In this study, re-replication appears to be inhibited by a nuclear factor which prevents re-binding of MCMs to chromatin. This study is important for reconciling observations in Xenopus extracts that led to the licensing factor hypothesis with genetic observations in yeasts.
    • Walter J, Sun L, Newport J. Regulated chromosomal DNA replication in the absence of a nucleus. of outstanding interest Mol Cell. 1:1998;519-529 Using Xenopus extracts, the authors developed a completely soluble system for DNA replication that faithfully recapitulates once per cell cycle control of replication. In this study, re-replication appears to be inhibited by a nuclear factor which prevents re-binding of MCMs to chromatin. This study is important for reconciling observations in Xenopus extracts that led to the licensing factor hypothesis with genetic observations in yeasts.
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    • 1 defines a 'point of no return' after which Cdc6 synthesis cannot promote DNA replication in yeast
    • 1 defines a 'point of no return' after which Cdc6 synthesis cannot promote DNA replication in yeast. Genes Dev. 10:1996;1516-1531.
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    • Interaction of the S phase regulator cdc18 with cyclin-dependent kinase in fission yeast
    • of special interest. The authors show that fission yeast Cdc18 binds to CDKs via the amino-terminal region of Cdc18.
    • Brown GW, Jallepalli PV, Huneycutt BJ, Kelly TJ. Interaction of the S phase regulator cdc18 with cyclin-dependent kinase in fission yeast. of special interest Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 94:1997;6142-6147 The authors show that fission yeast Cdc18 binds to CDKs via the amino-terminal region of Cdc18.
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    • Fission yeast WD-repeat protein pop1 regulates genome ploidy through ubiquitin-proteasome-mediated degradation of the CDK inhibitor Rum1 and the S-phase initiator Cdc18
    • of outstanding interest. The authors identify a protein, Pop1, that binds Cdc18 and is needed for Cdc18 ubiquitination and resulting proteolysis. Cdc18 degradation helps to ensures once per cell cycle control of replication. Pop1 is similar to budding yeast Cdc4 which is required for ubiquitin mediated proteolysis of budding yeast Cdc6 [56].
    • Kominami K, Toda T. Fission yeast WD-repeat protein pop1 regulates genome ploidy through ubiquitin-proteasome-mediated degradation of the CDK inhibitor Rum1 and the S-phase initiator Cdc18. of outstanding interest Genes Dev. 11:1997;1548-1560 The authors identify a protein, Pop1, that binds Cdc18 and is needed for Cdc18 ubiquitination and resulting proteolysis. Cdc18 degradation helps to ensures once per cell cycle control of replication. Pop1 is similar to budding yeast Cdc4 which is required for ubiquitin mediated proteolysis of budding yeast Cdc6 [56].
    • (1997) Genes Dev , vol.11 , pp. 1548-1560
    • Kominami, K.1    Toda, T.2
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    • Human CDC6/Cdc18 associates with Orc1 and cyclin-cdk and is selectively eliminated from the nucleus at the onset of S phase
    • of special interest. This paper provides evidence that human Cdc18 (hCdc18) binds to CDKs similar to observations of Cdc18 in fission yeast and Cdc6 in budding yeast. This paper reveals a possible new mechanism for regulation of Cdc6/Cdc18 activity that has not been seen in yeasts: hCdc18 may be regulated by changes in its nuclear localization rather than by proteolysis. This paper also provides evidence for sub-complexes of ORC subunits in human cells.
    • Saha P, Chen J, Thome KC, Lawlis SJ, Hou ZH, Hendricks M, Parvin JD, Dutta A. Human CDC6/Cdc18 associates with Orc1 and cyclin-cdk and is selectively eliminated from the nucleus at the onset of S phase. of special interest Mol Cell Biol. 18:1998;2758-2767 This paper provides evidence that human Cdc18 (hCdc18) binds to CDKs similar to observations of Cdc18 in fission yeast and Cdc6 in budding yeast. This paper reveals a possible new mechanism for regulation of Cdc6/Cdc18 activity that has not been seen in yeasts: hCdc18 may be regulated by changes in its nuclear localization rather than by proteolysis. This paper also provides evidence for sub-complexes of ORC subunits in human cells.
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    • Saha, P.1    Chen, J.2    Thome, K.C.3    Lawlis, S.J.4    Hou, Z.H.5    Hendricks, M.6    Parvin, J.D.7    Dutta, A.8
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    • Sud1 (+) targets cyclin-dependent kinase-phosphorylated Cdc18 and Rum1 proteins for degradation and stops unwanted diploidization in fission yeast
    • of outstanding interest. In this study, a pop1 related gene, sud1, is also found to be important for Cdc18 ubiquitination that results in Cdc18 proteolysis. It is shown that sud1 specifically recognizes phosphorylated Cdc18 which accounts for the observation that CDK phosphorylation leads to Cdc18 degradation. It is not clear why both pop1 and sud1 are important for this process in fission yeast.
    • Jallepalli PV, Tien D, Kelly TJ. sud1 (+) targets cyclin-dependent kinase-phosphorylated Cdc18 and Rum1 proteins for degradation and stops unwanted diploidization in fission yeast. of outstanding interest Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 95:1998;8159-8164 In this study, a pop1 related gene, sud1, is also found to be important for Cdc18 ubiquitination that results in Cdc18 proteolysis. It is shown that sud1 specifically recognizes phosphorylated Cdc18 which accounts for the observation that CDK phosphorylation leads to Cdc18 degradation. It is not clear why both pop1 and sud1 are important for this process in fission yeast.
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    • Jallepalli, P.V.1    Tien, D.2    Kelly, T.J.3
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    • Negative regulation of DNA replication by the retinoblastoma protein is mediated by its association with MCM7
    • of special interest. Interaction between Rb and MCM7 was identified in a two-hybrid screen, and Rb as well as p130 inhibited DNA replication in Xenopus extracts.
    • Sterner JM, Dew-Knight S, Musahl C, Kornbluth S, Horowitz JM. Negative regulation of DNA replication by the retinoblastoma protein is mediated by its association with MCM7. of special interest Mol Cell Biol. 18:1998;2748-2757 Interaction between Rb and MCM7 was identified in a two-hybrid screen, and Rb as well as p130 inhibited DNA replication in Xenopus extracts.
    • (1998) Mol Cell Biol , vol.18 , pp. 2748-2757
    • Sterner, J.M.1    Dew-Knight, S.2    Musahl, C.3    Kornbluth, S.4    Horowitz, J.M.5
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    • Geminin, an inhibitor of DNA replication, is degraded during mitosis
    • 1 which are permissive for pre-RC formation. One of the essential mitotic events is cyclin proteolysis which inactivates CDKs. The authors identified a novel protein, geminin, which is degraded by the same pathway as cyclins. Overexpression of this protein in Xenopus inhibits DNA replication but does not stop subsequent cell divisions. The authors propose that geminin is a specific DNA replication inhibitor that is present in higher eukaryotes but lacking in yeasts.
    • 1 which are permissive for pre-RC formation. One of the essential mitotic events is cyclin proteolysis which inactivates CDKs. The authors identified a novel protein, geminin, which is degraded by the same pathway as cyclins. Overexpression of this protein in Xenopus inhibits DNA replication but does not stop subsequent cell divisions. The authors propose that geminin is a specific DNA replication inhibitor that is present in higher eukaryotes but lacking in yeasts.
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    • 1 arrested yeast cells to inhibit B-type cyclin accumulation and to prevent uncontrolled entry into S-phase
    • 1 is important to prevent premature initiation of DNA replication.
    • 1 is important to prevent premature initiation of DNA replication.
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    • CDC16 controls initiation at chromosome replication origins
    • of special interest. Mutations that affect mitosis can cause misregulation of DNA replication during the next cell cycle. This paper confirms claims from an earlier paper by the same authors that CDC16 is required to prevent inappropriate firing of replication origins. CDC16 is a subunit of the anaphase promoting complex which is needed for mitosis specific ubiquitin mediated proteolysis of many factors including cyclins. The exact link between CDC16 and replication is not clear.
    • Heichman KA, Roberts JM. CDC16 controls initiation at chromosome replication origins. of special interest Mol Cell. 1:1998;457-463 Mutations that affect mitosis can cause misregulation of DNA replication during the next cell cycle. This paper confirms claims from an earlier paper by the same authors that CDC16 is required to prevent inappropriate firing of replication origins. CDC16 is a subunit of the anaphase promoting complex which is needed for mitosis specific ubiquitin mediated proteolysis of many factors including cyclins. The exact link between CDC16 and replication is not clear.
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    • Cdc45p assembles into a complex with Cdc46p/Mcm5p, is required for minichromosome maintenance, and is essential for chromosomal DNA replication
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    • CDC45, a novel yeast gene that functions with the origin recognition complex and Mcm proteins in initiation of DNA replication
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    • CDC45 is required in conjunction with CDC7/DBF4 to trigger the initiation of DNA replication
    • of special interest. The authors show that budding yeast Cdc45 carries out its essential function after S phase CDKs are active. This differs from Cdc6/Cdc18 assembly of MCMs which must occur before S phase CDK activation. Furthermore, they show that Cdc45 function and Cdc7 - Dbf4 kinase are dependent on one another for function.
    • Owens JC, Detweiler CS, Li JJ. CDC45 is required in conjunction with CDC7/DBF4 to trigger the initiation of DNA replication. of special interest Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 94:1997;12521-12526 The authors show that budding yeast Cdc45 carries out its essential function after S phase CDKs are active. This differs from Cdc6/Cdc18 assembly of MCMs which must occur before S phase CDK activation. Furthermore, they show that Cdc45 function and Cdc7 - Dbf4 kinase are dependent on one another for function.
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