Nuclear control of plastid and mitochondrial development in higher plants

Annual Review of Plant Biology

Volumn 49, Issue , 1998, Pages 453-480

  Leon, P ^a   Arroyo, A ^a   Mackenzie, S ^b  

^a INSTITUTO DE BIOTECNOLOGÍA   (Mexico)

^b PURDUE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

Chloroplast mutants; Mitochondrial mutants; Organelle biogenesis; Posttranscriptional regulation; Transcriptional regulation

Indexed keywords

EID: 0031734554     PISSN: 15435008     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book Series    
DOI: 10.1146/annurev.arplant.49.1.453     Document Type: Article

References (189)

1. Abad A, Mehrtens B, Mackenzie S. 1995. Specific expression in reproductive tissues and fate of a mitochondrial sterility-associated protein in cytoplasmic male sterile bean. Plant Cell 7:271-85
2. Allison L, Simon L, Maliga P. 1996. Deletion of rpoB reveals a second distinct transcription system in plastids of higher plants. EMBO J. 15:2802-9
3. Andre C, Levy A, Walbot V.I 992. Small repeated sequences and the structure of plant mitochondrial genomes. Trends Genet. 8:128-32
4. Asakura N, Nakamura C, Ohtsuka I. 1997. RAPD markers linked to the nuclear gene from Triticum timopheevii that confers compatibility with Aegilops squarrosa cytoplasm on alloplasmic durum wheat. Genome 40:201-10
5. Aviv D, Galun E. 1987. Chondriome analysis in sexual progenies of Nicotiana cybrids. Theor. Appl. Genet. 73:821-26
6. BarkanA. 1989. Tissue-dependent plastid RNA splicing in maize: transcripts from four plastid genes are predominantly unspliced in leaf meristems and roots. Plant Cell 1:437-45
7. Barkan A, Miles D, Taylor W. 1986. Chloroplast gene expression in nuclear, photosyntetic mutants of maize. EMBO J. 5:1421-27
8. Barkan A, Voelker R, Mendel-Hartvig J, Johnson D, Walker M. 1995. Genetic analysis of chloroplast biogenesis in higher plants. Physiol. Plant. 93:163-70
9. Barkan A, Walker M, Nolasco M, Johnson D. 1994. A nuclear mutation in maize blocks the processing and translation of several chloroplast mRNAs and provides evidence for the differential translation of alternative mRNA forms. EMBO J. 13:3170-81
10. Bate NJ, Straus NA, Thompson JE. 1990. Expression of chloroplast photosynthetic genes during leaf senescence. Plant Physiol. 80:217-25
11. Baumgartner BJ, Rapp JC, Mullet JE. 1989. Plastid transcription activity and DNA copy number increase early in barley chloroplast development. Plant Physiol. 89:1011-18
12. Begg K, Donachie WD. 1985. Cell shape and division in Escherichia Coli: experiments with shape and division mutants. J. Bacteriol. 163:615-22
13. Belliard G, Vedel F, Pelletier G. 1979. Mitochondrial recombination in cytoplasmic hybrids of Nicotiana tabacum by protoplast fusion. Nature 281:401-3
14. Bendich AJ. 1993. Reaching for the ring: the study of mitochondrial genome structure. Curr. Genet. 24:279-90
15. Binder S, Marchfelder A, Brennicke A. 1996. Regulation of gene expression in plant mitochondria. Plant Mol. Biol. 32:303-14
16. Byrne M, Taylor WC. 1996. Analysis of Mutator-induced mutations in the Iojap gene of maize. Mol. Gen. Genet. 252:216-20
17. Chamovitz DA, Wei N, Osterlund MT, von Arnim AG, Staub JM, et al. 1996. The COP9 complex, a novel multisubunit nuclear regulator involved in light control of a plant developmental switch. Cell 86:115-21
18. Chatterjee M, Sparvoli S, Edmunds C, Garosi P, Findlay K, Martin C. 1996. DAG, a gene required for chloroplast differentiation and palisade development in Antirrhinum majus. EMBO J. 15:4194-207
19. Chory J. 1993. Out of darkness: mutants reveal pathways controlling light-regulated development in plants. Trends Genet. 9:167-72
20. Chory J, Nagpal P, Peto CA. 1991. Phenotypic and genetic analysis of det2, a new mutant that affects light-regulated seedling development in Arabidopsis. Plant Cell 3:445-59
21. Cline K, Henry R. 1996. Import and routing of nucleus-encoded chloroplast proteins. Annu. Rev. Cell Dev. Biol 12:1-26
22. Cooper P, Butler E, Newton KJ. 1990. Identification of a maize nuclear gene which influences the size and number of cox2 transcripts in mitochondria of perennial teosintes. Genetics 126:461-67
23. Cooper P, Newton KJ. 1989. Maize nuclear background regulates the synthesis of a 22-kDa polypeptide in Zea luxurians mitochondria. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 86:7423-26
24. Covello PS, Gray MW. 1990. Differences in editing at homologous sites in messenger RNAs from angiosperm mitochondria. Nucleic Acids Res. 18:5189-96
25. Covello PS, Gray MW. 1992. Silent mitochondrial and active nuclear genes for subunit 2 of cytochrome c oxidase (cox2) in soybean: evidence for RNA-mediated gene transfer. EMBO J. 11:3815-20
26. Cui XQ, Wise RP, Schnable PS. 1996. The rf2 nuclear restorer gene of male sterile T-cytoplasm maize. Science 272:1334-36
27. Danon A, Mayfield SP. 1991. Light regulated translational activators: identification of chloroplast gene specific mRNA binding proteins. EMBO J. 10:3993-4001
28. Danon A, Mayfield SP. 1994. ADP-dependent phosphorylation regulates RNA-binding in vitro: implications in light-modulated translation. EMBO J. 13:2227-35
29. Deng X-W, Gruissem W. 1987. Control of plastid gene expression during development: the limited role of transcriptional regulation. Cell 49:379-87
30. β homologous domain. Cell 27:791-801
31. de Souza D, Osteryoung K, Pyke KA. 1997. Molecular genetics of chloroplast development in Arabidopsis. Int. Conf. Arabidopsis Res., 8th, Madison, Wis.
32. Dietrich A, Marechaldorouard L, Carneiro V, Cosset A, Small I. 1996. A single base change prevents import of cytosolic tRNA (ala) into mitochondria in transgenic plants. Plant J. 10:913-18
33. Dietrich A, Small I, Cosset A, Weil JH, Marechaldrouard L. 1996. Editing and import - strategies for providing plant mitochondria with a complete set of functional transfer RNAs. Biochimie 78:518-29
34. * mediate unique T-urf13-transcript accumulation, revealing a mitochondrial consensus sequence associated with RNA processing and restoration of pollen fertility in T-cytoplasm maize. Genetics. In press
35. Dinkins RD, Bandaranayake H, Baeza L, Griffiths AJF, Green BR. 1997. hcf5, a nuclear photosynthetic electron transport mutant of Arabidopsis thaliana with a pleiotropic effect on chloroplast gene expression. Plant Physiol. 113:1023-31
36. Dörmann P, Hoffmann-Benning S, Balbo I, Banning C. 1995. Isolation and characterization of an Arabidopsis mutant deficient in the thylakoid lipid digalactosyl diacylglycerol. Plant Cell 7:1801-10
37. Duckett CM, Gray JC. 1995. Illuminating plant development. BioEssays 17:101-3
38. Erickson HP. 1995. FtsZ, a prokaryotic homolog of tubulin? Cell 80:367-70
39. Falbel TG, Meehl JB, Staehelin LA. 1996. Severity of mutant phenotype in a series of chlorophyll-deficient wheat mutants depends on light intensity and the severity of the block in chlorophyll synthesis. Plant Physiol. 112:821-32
40. Falbel TG, Staehelin LA. 1994. Characterization of a family of chlorophyll-deficient wheat and barley mutants with defects in the Mg-insertion step on chlorophyll biosynthesis. Plant Physiol. 104:639-48
41. Finnegan PM, Brown GG. 1990. Transcriptional and post-transcriptional regulation of RNA levels in maize mitochondria. Plant Cell 2:71-83
42. Fisher K, Kammerer B, Gutensohn M, Arbirger B, Weber A, et al. 1997. A new class of plastidic phosphate translocators: a putative link between primary and secondary metabolism by the phosphoenolpyruvate/phosphate antiporter. Plant Cell 9:453-62
43. Forde BG, Oliver RJC, Leaver CJ. 1978. Variation in mitochondrial translation products associated with male-sterile cytoplasms in maize. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 75:3841-45
44. Fox TD. 1996. Genetics of mitochondrial translation. In Translational Control, ed. J Hershey, M Mathews, N Sonenberg, pp. 733-58. Cold Spring Harbor, NY: Cold Spring Harbor Lab. Press
45. Gillham NW, Boynton JE, Hauser CR. 1994. Translational regulation of gene expression in chloroplast and mitochondria. Annu. Rev. Genet. 28:71-93
46. Glaser E, Ljoling S, Szigyarto C, Eriksson AC. 1996. Plant mitochondrial protein import: precursor processing is catalysed by the integrated mitochondrial processing peptidase (MPP)/bc1 complex and degradation by the ATP-dependent proteinase. Biochem. Biophys. Acta 1275:33-37
47. Gottesman S, Wickner S, Maurizi MR. 1997. Protein quality control: triage by chaperones and proteases. Genes Dev. 11:815-23
48. Gray MW. 1992. The endosymbiont hypothesis revisited. Int. Rev. Cytol. 141:233-357
49. Gray MW. 1996. RNA editing in plant organelles - a fertile field. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 96:8157-59
50. Gray MW, Hanic-Joyce PJ, Covello PS. 1992. Transcription, processing and editing in plant mitochondria. Annu. Rev. Plant Physiol. Plant Mol. Biol. 43:145-75
51. Green CD, Hollingsworth MJ. 1992. Expression of the large ATP synthase gene cluster in spinach plastids during light-induced development. Plant Physiol. 100:1164-70
52. Grosskopf D, Mulligan RM. 1996. Developmental and tissue-specificity of RNA editing in mitochondria of suspension-cultured maize cells and seedlings. Curr. Genet. 29:556-63
53. Gruissem W, Schuster G. 1993. Control of mRNA degradation in organelles. In Control of Messenger RNA Stability, ed. J Belasco, G Brawerman, pp. 329-65. New York: Academic
54. Gruissem W, Tonkyn JC. 1993. Control mechanisms of plastid gene expression. Crit. Rev. Plant Sci. 12:19-55
55. Gualberto JM, Bonnard G, Lamattina L, Grienenberger JM. 1991. Expression of the wheat mitochondrial nad3-rps12 transcription unit: correlation between editing and mRNA maturation. Plant Cell 3:1109-20
56. Gualberto JM, Weil JH, Grienenberger JM. 1990. Editing of the wheat coxIII transcript: evidence for twelve C to U and one U to C conversions and for sequence similarities around editing sites. Nucleic Acids Res. 18:3771-76
57. Gualberto JM, Wintz H, Weil JH, Grie- nenberger JM. 1988. The genes coding for subunit 3 of NADH dehydrogenase and for ribosomal protein S12 are present in the wheat and maize mitochondrial genome and are co-transcribed. Mol. Gen. Genet. 215:118-27
58. Hakansson G, Glimelius K. 1991. Extensive nuclear influence on mitochondrial transcription and genome structure in male-fertile and male-sterile alloplasmic Nicotiana materials. Mol. Gen. Genet. 229:380-88
59. Haley J, Bogorad L. 1990. Alternative promoters are used for genes within maize chloroplast polycistronic transcription units. Plant Cell 2:323-33
60. Hanson M, Sutton C, Lu B. 1996. Plant organelle gene expression-altered by RNA editing. Trends Plant Sci. 1:57-64
61. Hanson MR. 1991. Plant mitochondrial mutations and male sterility. Annu. Rev. Genet. 25:461-86
62. Harpster MH, Mayfield SP, Taylor WC. 1984. Effects of pigment-deficient mutants on the accumulation of photosynthetic proteins in maize. Plant Mol. Biol. 3:59-71
63. Harrak H, Langrange T, Bisanz-Seyer C, Lerbs-Mache S, Mache R. 1995. The expression of nuclear encoding plastid ribosomal proteins precedes the expression of chloroplast gene during early phases of chloroplast development. Plant Physiol 108:685-92
64. Harrison MA, Nemson JA, Melis A. 1993. Assembly and composition of the chlorophyll a-b light harvesting complex of barley: immunochemical analysis of the chlorophyll b-less and chlorophyll b-deficient mutants. Photosynth. Res. 38:141-51
65. Hauser CR, Gillham NW, Boynton JE. 1996. Translational regulation of chloroplast genes. Proteins binding to the 5′-untranslated regions of chloroplast mRNAs in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. J. Biol. Chem. 271:1486-97
66. Hayes R, Kudla J, Schuster G, Gabay L, Maliga P, Gruissem W. 1996. Chloroplast mRNA 3′-end processing by a high molecular weight protein complex is regulated by nuclear encoded RNA binding proteins. EMBO J. 15:1132-41
67. He S, Abad AR, Gelvin SB, Mackenzie SA. 1996. A cytoplasmic male sterility-associated mitochondrial protein causes pollen disruption in transgenic tobacco. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 93:11763-68
68. Hedtke B, Borner T, Weihe A. 1997. Mitochondrial and chloroplast phage-type RNA polymerases in Arabidopsis. Science 271:809-11
69. Hess WR, Muller A, Nagy F, Borner T. 1994. Ribosome-deficient plastids affect transcription of light-induced nuclear genes: genetic evidence for a plastid-derived signal. Mol. Gen. Genet. 242:305-12
70. Hess WR, Prombona A, Fieder B, Subramanian AR, Borner T. 1993. Chloroplast rps15 and the rpoB/C1/C2 gene cluster are strongly transcribed in ribosome-deficient plastids: evidence for a functioning nonchloroplast encoded RNA polymerase. EMBO J. 12:563-71
71. Hirose T, Sugiura M. 1996. Cis-acting elements and trans-acting factors for accurate translation of chloroplast psbA mRNAs: development of an in vitro translation system from tobacco chloroplasts. EMBO J. 15:1687-95
72. Hu J, Bogorad L. 1990. Maize chloroplast RNA polymerase: the 180-, 120-, and 38-kilodalton polypeptides are encoded in chloroplast genes. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 87:1531-35
73. Hudson A, Carpenter R, Doyle S, Coen ES. 1993. Olive: a key gene required for chlorophyll biosynthesis in Antirrhinum majus. EMBO J. 12:3711-19
74. Igloi GL, Kössel H. 1992. The transcriptional apparatus of chloroplast. Crit. Rev. Plant Sci. 10:525-58
75. Inagaki N, Fujita S, Satoh K. 1989. Solubilization and partial purification of a thylakoidal enzyme of spinach involved in the processing of D1 protein. FEBS Lett. 246:218-22
76. Iratni R, Baeza R, Andreeva A, Mache R, Lerbs-Mache S. 1994. Regulation of the rDNA transcription in chloroplasts: promoter exclusion by a constitutive repression. Genes Dev. 8:2928-38
77. Isono K, Niwa Y, Satoh K, Kobayashi H. 1997. Evidence for transcriptional regulation of plastid photosynthesis genes in Arabidopsis thaliana roots. Plant Physiol. 114:623-30
78. Janska H, Mackenzie SA. 1993. Unusual mitochondrial genome organization in cytoplasmic male sterile common bean and the nature of cytoplasmic reversion to fertility. Genetics 135:869-79
79. Jenkins BD, Kulhanek DJ, Barkan A. 1997. Nuclear mutations that block group II RNA splicing in maize chloroplast reveal several intron classes with distinct requirements for splicing factors. Plant Cell 9:283-96
80. Keddie JS, Carroll B, Jones JDG, Gruissem W. 1996. The DCL gene of tomato is required for chloroplast development and palisade cell morphogenesis in leaves. EMBO J. 15:4208-17
81. Keegstra K, Olsen LJ, Theg SM. 1989. Chloroplastic precursors and their transport across the envelope membranes. Annu. Rev. Plant Physiol. Plant Mol. Biol. 40:471-501
82. Kennell JC, Wise RP, Pring DR. 1987. Influence of nuclear background on transcription of a maize mitochondrial region associated with Texas male sterile cytoplasm. Mol. Gen. Genet. 210:399-406
83. Kim MY, Christopher DA, Mullet JE. 1993. Direct evidence for selective modulation of psbA, rpoA, rbcL and 16S RNA stability during barley chloroplast development. Plant Mol. Biol 22:447-63
84. Kim MY, Mullet JE. 1995. Identification of a sequence-specific DNA binding factor required for transcription of the barley chloroplast blue light-responsive psbD-psbC promoter. Plant Cell 7:1445-57
85. Kirk JTO, Tilney-Bassett RAE. 1978. The Plastids: Their Chemistry, Structure, Growth and Inheritance. Amsterdam: Elsevier/North Holland. 960 pp.
86. Klein RR, Mullet JE. 1990. Light-induced transcription of chloroplast genes. psbA transcription is differentially enhanced in illuminated barely. J. Biol. Chem. 265:1895-902
87. Knorpp C, Szigyarto C, Glaser E. 1996. Evidence for a novel ATP-dependent membrane-associated protease in spinach leaf mitochondria. Biochem. J. 310:527-31
88. Król M, Spangfort MD, Huner NPA, Öquist G, Gustafsson P, Jansson S. 1995. Chlorophyll a/b binding proteins, pigment conversions and early light induced proteins in a chlorophyll b-less barley mutant. Plant Physiol. 107:873-83
89. Kudla J, Hayes R, Gruissem W. 1996. Polyadenylation accelerates degradation of chloroplast mRNA. EMBO J. 15:7137-46
90. Kuhlemeier C. 1992. Transcriptional and post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression in plants. Plant Mol. Biol. 19:1-14
91. Kwok SF, Piekos B, Miséra S, Deng X-W. 1996. A complement of ten essential and pleiotropic Arabidopsis COP/DET/FUS genes is necessary for repression of photomorphogenesis in darkness. Plant Physiol. 110:731-42
92. Kyle DJ, Ohad I, Arntzen CJ. 1984. Membrane protein damage and repair: selective loss of a quinone-protein function in chloroplast membranes. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 81:4070-74
93. Landgren M, Zetterstrand M, Sundberg, Glimelius K. 1996. Alloplasmic male-sterile Brassica lines containing B. tournefortii mitochondria express an ORF 3′ of the atp6 gene and a 32 kDa protein. Plant Mol. Biol. 32:879-90
94. Laughnan JR,Gabay-Laughnan S. 1983. Cytoplasmic male sterility in maize. Annu. Rev. Genet. 17:27-48
95. Leech RM. 1986. Stability and plasticity during chloroplast development. In Plasticity in Plants, ed. D Jennings, A Trewavas, pp. 121-53. Cambridge: Soc. Exp. Biol. Symp., 40
96. Lerbs S, Brautigam E, Mache R. 1988. DNA-dependent RNA polymerase of spinash chloroplast: Characterization of α a-like and α-like polypeptides. Mol. Gen. Genet. 211:459-64
97. Lerbs-Mache S. 1993. The 110-kDa polypeptide of spinach plastid DNA-dependent RNA polymerase: single-subunit enzyme or catalytic core of multimeric enzyme complexes? Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 90:5509-13
98. Levings CS, Vasil I, eds. 1995. The Molecular Biology of Plant Mitochondria. Boston: Kluwer
99. Levy H, Kindle KL, Stern D. 1997. A nuclear mutation that affects the 3′ processing of several mRNAs in Chlamydomonas chloroplasts. Plant Cell 9:825-36
100. LiH-M, Culligan K, Dixon RA, Chory J. 1995. CUE1: a mesophyll cell-specific positive regulator of light-controlled gene expression in Arabidopsis. Plant Cell 1:1599-610
101. Li JM, Nagpal P, Vitart V, McMorris TC, Chory J. 1996. A role for brassino-steroids in light-dependent development of Arabidopsis. Science 272:398-401
102. Li X-Q, Zhang M, Brown GG. 1996. Cell-specific expression of mitochondrial transcripts in maize seedlings. Plant Cell 8:1961-75
103. Link G. 1994. Plastid differentiation: organelle promoters and transcription factors. In Plant Promoters and Transcription Factors, ed. L Nover, pp. 63-83. Heidelberg: Springer-Verlag
104. Link G. 1996. Green life: control of chloroplast gene transcription. BioEssays 18:465-71
105. Liu JH, Landgren M, Glimelius K. 1996. Transfer of the B. tournefortii cytoplasm to B. napus for the production of cyto- plasmic male sterile B. napus. Physiol. Plant 96:123-29
106. Lopez-Juez E, Stretfield S, Chory J. 1996. Light signals and autoregulated chloroplast development. In Regulation of Plant Growth and Development by Light, ed. WR Briggs, RL Heath, EM Tobin, pp. 144-52. Rockville, MD: Am. Soc. Plant Physiol.
107. Lu BW, Hanson MR. 1996. Fully edited and partially edited nad9 transcripts differ in size and both are associated with polysemes in potato mitochondria. Nucleic Adds Res. 24:1369-74
108. Lu BW, Wilson RK, Phreaner CG, Mulligan RM, Hanson MR. 1996. Protein polymorphism generated by differential RNA editing of a plant mitochondrial rps12 gene. Mol. Cell Biol. 16:1543-49
109. Mackenzie SA, Chase CD. 1990. Fertility restoration is associated with loss of a portion of the mitochondrial genome in cytoplasmic male sterile common bean. Plant Cell 2:905-12
110. Makaroff CA, Apel IJ, Palmer JD. 1990. Characterization of radish mitochondrial atpA: influence of nuclear background on transcription of atpA-associated sequences and relationship with male sterility. Plant Mol. Biol. 15:735-46
111. Mandel MA, Feldmann KA, Herrera-Estrella L, Rocha-Sosa M, Leon P. 1996. CLA1, a novel gene required for chloroplast development, is highly conserved in evolution. Plant J. 9:649-58
112. Marano M, Serra E, Orellano E, Carrillo N. 1993. The path of chromoplast development in fruits and flowers. Plant Sci. 94:1-17
113. Martienssen RA, Barkan A, Freeling M, Taylor WC. 1989. Molecular cloning of a maize gene involved in photosynthetic membrane organization that is regulated by Robertson's Mutator. EMBO J. 8:1633-39
114. Martínez-Zapater JM, Gil P, Capel J, Somerville CR. 1992. Mutations at the Arabidopsis CHM locus promote rearrangements of the mitochondrial genome. Plant Cell 4:889-99
115. Mayfield SP, Yohn CB, Cohen A, Danon A. 1995. Regulation of chloroplast gene expression. Annu. Rev. Plant Physiol. Plant Mol. Biol. 46:147-66
116. Melis A. 1991. Dynamics of photosynthetic membrane composition and function. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1058:87-106
117. Meurer J, Meierhoff K, Westhoff P. 1996. Isolation of high chlorophyll-fluorescence mutants of Arabidopsis thaliana and their characterisation by spectroscopy, immunoblotting and northern hybridization. Planta 198:385-96
118. Michel F, Umesono K, Ozeki H. 1989. Comparative and functional anatomy of group II catalytic introns - A review. Gene 82:5-30
119. Miles D. 1994. The role of high chlorophyll fluroscence photosynthesis mutants in the analysis of chloroplast thylakoid membrane assembly and function. Maydica 39:35-45
120. Millar AJ, McGrath RB, Chua N-H. 1994. Phytochrome phototransduction pathways. Annu. Rev. Genet. 28:325-49
121. Mohr S, Schulte-Kappert E, Odenbach W, Oettler G, Kuck U. 1993. Mitochondrial DNA of cytoplasmic malesterile Triticum timopheevi: rearrangement of upstream sequences of the atp6 and orf25 genes. Theor. Appl. Genet. 86:259-68
122. Moneger F, Smart CJ, Leaver CJ. 1994. Nuclear restoration of cytoplasmic male sterility in sunflower is associated with the tissue-specific regulation of a novel mitochondrial gene. EMBO J. 13:8-17
123. Morden CW, Wolfe KH, de Pamphilis CW, Palmer JD. 1991. Plastid translation and transcription genes in a nonphotosynthetic plant: intact, missing and pseudo genes. EMBO J. 10:3281-88
124. Mullet JE. 1993. Dynamic regulation of chloroplast transcription. Plant Physiol. 103:309-13
125. Nelson T, Langdale JA. 1989. Patterns of leaf development in C4 plants. Plant Cell 1:3-13
126. Newton KJ. 1995. Aberrant growth phenotypes associated with mitochondrial genome rearrangements in higher plants. See Ref. 97a, pp. 585-96
127. Newton KJ, Winberg B, Yamato K, Lupold S, Stern DB. 1995. Evidence for a novel mitochondrial promoter preceding the cox2 gene of perennial teosintes. EMBO J. 14:585-93
128. Nugent JM, Palmer JD. 1991. RNA-mediated transfer of the gene coxII from the mitochondrion to the nucleus during flowering plant evolution. Cell 66:473-81
129. Oda K, Yamato K, Ohta E, Nakamura Y, Takemura M, et al. 1992. Gene organization deduced from the complete sequence of liverwort Marchantia polymorpha mitochondrial DNA: a primitive form of plant mitochondrial genome. J. Mol. Biol. 223:1-7
130. Ogihara Y, Futami K, Tsuji K, Murai K. 1997. Alloplasmic wheats with Aegilops crassa cytoplasm which express photoperiod-sensitive homeotic transformations of anthers, show alterations in mitochondrial DNA structure and transcription. Mol. Gen. Genet. 255:45-53
131. Oldenburg DJ, Bendich AJ. 1996. Size and structure of replicating mitochondrial DNA in cultured tobacco cells. Plant Cell 8:447-61
132. Osteryoung KW, Vierling E. 1995. Conserved cell and organelle division. Nature 376:473-74
133. Pepper A, Delaney T, Washbura T, Poole D, Chory J. 1994. DET1, a negative regulator of light-mediated development and gene expression in Arabidopsis, encodes a novel nuclear-localized protein. Cell 78:109-16
134. Phreaner CG, Williams MA, Mulligan RM. 1996. Incomplete editing of rps12 transcripts results in the synthesis of polymorphic polypeptides in plant mitochondria. Plant Cell 8:107-17
135. Pring DR, Mullen JA, Kempken F. 1992. Conserved sequence blocks 5′ to start codons of plant mitochondrial genes. Plant Mol. Biol. 19:313-17
136. Pyke KA. 1997. The genetic control of plastid division in higher plants. Am. J. Bot. 84:1017-27
137. Pyke KA, Leech RM. 1992. Chloroplast division and expansion is radically altered by nuclear mutations in Arabidopsis thaliana. Plant Physiol. 99:1005-8
138. Pyke KA, Leech RM. 1994. A genetic analysis of chloroplast division and expansion in Arabidopsis thaliana. Plant Physiol. 104:201-7
139. Quail PH, Boylan MT, Parks BM, Short TW, Xu Y, Wagner D. 1995. Phytochromes: photosensory perception and signal transduction. Science 268:675-80
140. Rapp JC, Baumgartner BJ, Mullet J. 1992. Quantitative analysis of transcription and RNA levels of 15 barley chloroplast genes. Transcription rates and mRNA levels vary over 300-fold; predicted mRNA stabilities vary 30-fold. J. Biol. Chem. 267:21404-11
141. Reiter RS, Coomber SA, Bourett TM, Bartley GE, Scolnik PA. 1994. Control of leaf and chloroplast development by the Arabidopsis gene pale cress. Plant Cell 6:1253-64
142. Rep M, Grivell LA. 1996. The role of protein degradation in mitochondrial function and biogenesis. Curr. Genet. 30:367-80
143. Rochaix JD. 1992. Post-transcriptional steps in the expression of chloroplast genes. Annu. Rev. Cell Biol. 8:1-28
144. Rochaix JD. 1996. Post-transcriptional regulation of chloroplast gene expression in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. Plant Mol. Biol. 32:327-41
145. Rocheford TR, Kennell JC, Pring DR. 1992. Genetic analysis of nuclear control of T-urf13/orf221 transcription in T cytoplasm maize. Theor. Appl. Genet. 84:891-98
146. Rodermel S, Haley J, Jiang C-Z, Tsai C-H, Bogorad L. 1996. A mechanism for intergenomic integration: abundance of ribulose biphosphate carboxilase small-subunit protein influences the translation of the large-subunit mRNA. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 93:3881-85
147. Roth R, Hall LN, Brutnell TP, Langdale JA. 1996. bundle sheath defective 2, a mutation that disrupts the coordinate development of bundle sheath and mesophyll cells in the maize leaf. Plant Cell 8:915-27
148. Runge S, van Cleve B, Lebedev N, Armstrong G, Apel K. 1995. Isolation and classification of chlorophyll-deficient xantha mutants of Arabidopsis thaliana. Planta 197:490-500
149. Sakamoto W, Kondo H, Murata M, Motoyoshi F. 1996. Altered mitochondrial genome expression in a maternal distorted leaf mutant of Arabidopsis induced by chloroplast mutator. Plant Cell 8:1377-90
150. Saldanha R, Mohr G, Belfort M, Lambowitz AM. 1993. Group I and group II introns. FASEB J. 7:15-24
151. Schwartz RM, Dayhoff MO. 1978. Origins of prokaryotes, eukaryotes, mitochondria, and chloroplast. Science 199:395-403
152. Sexton TB, Christopher DA, Mullet JE. 1990. Light-induced swich in barley psbD-psbC promoter utilization: a novel mechanism regulating chloroplast gene expression. EMBO J. 9:4485-94
153. Shanklin J, DeWitt ND, Flanagan JM. 1995. The stroma of higher plant plastids contain ClpP and ClpC, functional homologs of Escherichia coli ClpP and ClpA: an archetypal two-component ATP-dependent protease. Plant Cell 7:1713-22
154. Singh M, Brown GG. 1991. Suppression of cytoplasmic male sterility by nuclear genes alters expression of a novel mitochondrial gene region. Plant Cell 3:1349-62
155. Singh M, Brown GO. 1993. Characterization of expression of a mitochondrial gene region associated with the Brassica "Polima" CMS: developmental influences. Curr. Genet. 24:316-22
156. Singh M, Hamel N, Menassa R, Li XQ, Young B, et al. 1996. Nuclear genes associated with a single Brassica CMS restorer locus influence transcripts of three different mitochondrial gene regions. Genetics 143:505-16
157. Small ID, Isaac PG, Leaver CJ. 1987. Stoichiometric differences in DNA molecules containing the atpA gene suggest mechanisms for the generation of mitochondrial diversity in maize. EMBO J. 6:865-69
158. Small ID, Suffolk R, Leaver CJ. 1989. Evolution of plant mitochondrial genomes via sub-stoichiometric intermediates. Cell 58:69-76
159. Smart CJ, Moneger F, Leaver CJ. 1994. Cell-specific regulation of gene expression in mitochondria during anther development in sunflower. Plant Cell 6:811-25
160. Somerville CR. 1986. Analysis of photosynthesis with mutants of higher plants and algae. Annu. Rev. Plant Physiol. 37:467-507
161. Staub JM, Maliga P. 1993. Accumulation of the D1 polypeptide in tobacco plastids is regulated via the untranslated region of the psbA mRNA. EMBO J. 12:601-6
162. Stern DB, Higgs DC, Yang J. 1997. Transcription and translation in chloroplasts. Trends Plant Sci. 2:308-15
163. Streatfield SJ, Post-Beittenmiller D, Chory J. 1997. Analysis of the cuel (cab underexpressed) mutant of Arabidopsis thaliana. Int. Conf. Arabidopsis Res., 8th, Madison, Wis.
164. Susek R, Chory J. 1992. A tale of two genomes: role of a chloroplast signal in coordinating nuclear and plastid genome expression. Aust. J. Plant Physiol. 19:387-99
165. Suzuki CK, Suda K, Wang N, Schatz G. 1994. Requirement for the yeast gene LON in intramitochondrial proteolysis and maintenance of respiration. Science 264:273-76
166. Tang HV, Pring DR, Shaw LC, Salazar RA, Muza FR, et al. 1996. Transcript processing internal to a mitochondrial open reading frame is correlated with fertility restoration in male-sterile sorghum. Plant J. 10:123-33
167. Taylor WC. 1989. Regulatory interactions between nuclear and plastid genomes. Annu. Rev. Plant Physiol. Plant Mol. Biol. 40:211-33
168. Tiller K, Link G. 1993. Phosphorylation and dephosphorylation affect functional characteristics of chloroplast and etioplast transcription systems from mustard (Sinapis alba L.). EMBO J. 12:1745-53
169. Troxler RF, Zhang F, Hu J, Bogorad L. 1994. Evidence that σ factors are components of chloroplast RNA polymerase. Plant Physiol. 104:753-59
170. Tsunewaki K. 1993. Genome-plasmon interactions in wheat. Jpn. J. Genet. 68:1-34
171. Unseld M, Marienfeld JR, Brandt P, Brennicke A. 1997. The mitochondrial genome of Arabidopsis thaliana contains 57 genes in 366,924 nucleotides. Nat. Genet. 15:57-61
172. van der Graaff E. 1997. Developmental mutants of Arabidopsis thaliana obtained after T-DNA transformation. PhD thesis. Leiden Univ. 179 pp.
173. Van Dyck L, Pearce DA, Sherman F. 1994. PIM1 encodes a mitochondrial ATP-dependent protease that is required for mitochondrial function in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. J. Biol. Chem. 269:238-42
174. Voelker R, Barkan A. 1995. Two nuclear mutations disrupt distinct pathways for targeting proteins to the chloroplast thylakoid. EMBO J. 14:3905-14
175. Voelker R, Mendel-Hartvig J, Barkan A. 1997. Transposon-disruption of a maize nuclear gene, tha1, encoding a chloroplast SecA homologue: in vivo role of cp-SecA in thylakoid protein targeting. Genetics 145:467-78
176. von Arnim A, Deng X-W. 1996. Light control of seedling development. Annu. Rev. Plant Physiol. Plant. Mol. Biol. 47:215-43
177. von Wettstein D, Henningsen KW, Boynton JE, Kannangara GC, Nielsen OF. 1971. The genetic control of chloroplast development in barley. In Autonomy and Biogenesis of Mitochondria and Chloroplast, ed. N Boardman, A Linnae, R Smillie, pp. 205-23. Amsterdam: North-Holland
178. Wang N, Gottesman S, Willingham M, Gottesman MM, Maurizi MR. 1993. A human mitochondrial ATP-dependent protease that is highly homologous to bacterial Lon protease. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 90:11247-51
179. Wei N, Chamovitz DA, Deng X-W. 1994. Arabidopsis COP9 is a component of a novel signaling complex mediating light control of development. Cell 78:117-24
180. Wei N, Deng X-W. 1996. The role of the COP/DET/FUS genes in light control of Arabidopsis seedling development. Plant Physiol. 112:871-78
181. Westhoff P, Hermann RG. 1988. Complex RNA maturation in chloroplasts. Eur. J. Biochem. 171:551-64
182. Wetzel CM, Jiang C, Meehan LJ, Voytas DP, Rodermel SR. 1994. Nuclear-organelle interactions: the immutans variegation mutant of Arabidopsis is plastid autonomous and impaired in carotenoid biosynthesis. Plant J. 6:161-75
183. Whelan J, Glaser E. 1997. Protein import into plant mitochondria. Plant Mol. Biol. 33:771-89
184. Wilsbach K, Payne GS. 1993. Vps1p, a member of the dynamin GTPase family, is necessary for Golgi membrane protein retention in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. EMBO J. 12:3049-59
185. Wilson RK, Hanson MR. 1996. Preferential RNA editing at specific sites within transcripts of two plant mitochondrial genes does not depend on transcriptional context or nuclear genotype. Curr. Genet. 30:502-8
186. Wise RP, Dill CL, Schnable PS. 1996. Mutator-induced mutations of the rf1 nuclear fertility restorer of T-cytoplasm maize alter the accumulation of T-urf13 mitochondrial transcripts. Genetics 143:1383-94
187. Wolstenholme DR, Fauron CM-R. 1995. Mitochondrial genome organization. See Ref. 97a, pp. 1-60
188. Yang AJ, Mulligan RM. 1993. Distribution of maize mitochondrial transcripts in polysomal RNA: evidence for nonselectivity in recruitment of mRNAs. Curr. Genet. 23:532-36
189. Young EG, Hanson MR. 1987. A fused mitochondrial gene associated with cytoplasmic male sterility is developmentally regulated. Cell 50:41-49