Optically detected carrier transport in III/V semiconductor QW structures: Experiments, model calculations and applications in fast 1.55 μm laser devices

Applied Physics B: Lasers and Optics

Volumn 66, Issue 1, 1998, Pages 1-17

  Hillmer, H ^a   Marcinkevicius S ^b  

^a DARMSTADT UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY   (Germany)

^b ROYAL INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY   (Sweden)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

CHARGE CARRIERS; ELECTRON TRANSPORT PROPERTIES; HETEROJUNCTIONS; INTERFACES (MATERIALS); PHOTOLUMINESCENCE; SEMICONDUCTING ALUMINUM COMPOUNDS; SEMICONDUCTING GALLIUM COMPOUNDS; SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICE MODELS; SEMICONDUCTOR QUANTUM WELLS;

CARRIER DYNAMICS; POISSON EQUATIONS;

QUANTUM WELL LASERS;

EID: 0031650959     PISSN: 09462171     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1007/s003400050350     Document Type: Article

References (167)

1. A. Chomette, B. Deveaud, J.Y. Emery, A. Regreny, B. Lambert: Solid State Commun. 54, 75 (1985)
2. K. Fujiwara, J.L. de Miguel, K. Ploog: Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. 24, L405 (1985)
3. H. Hillmer, G. Mayer, A. Forchel, K.S. Löchner, E. Bauser: Appl. Phys. Lett. 49, 948 (1986)
4. A. Nakamura, K. Fujiwara, Y. Tokuda, T. Nakayama, M. Hirai: Phys. Rev. B 34, 9019 (1986)
5. B. Deveaud, J. Shah, T.C. Damen, B. Lambert, A. Regreny: Phys. Rev. Lett. 58, 2582 (1987)
6. D.J. Westland, D. Mihailovic, J.F. Ryan, M.D. Scott: Appl. Phys. Lett. 51, 590 (1987)
7. J. Benhlal, P. Lavallard, C. Gourdon, R. Gruosson, M.L. Roblin, A.M. Pougnet, R. Planel: J. Phys., Colloq. 5, 471 (1987)
8. B. Deveaud, J. Shah, T.C. Damen, B. Lambert, A. Chomette, A. Regreny: IEEE J. Quantum Electron. 24, 1641 (1988)
9. B. Lambert, B. Deveaud, A. Chomette, A. Regreny, B. Sermage: Superlattices Microstruct. 5, 565 (1989)
10. B. Lambert, B. Deveaud, A. Chomette, A. Regreny, B. Sermage: Semicond. Sci. Technol. 4, 513 (1989)
11. H. Hillmer, A. Forchel, T. Kuhn, G. Mahler, H.P. Meier: Phys. Rev. 43, 13992 (1991)
12. G. Ambrazevičius, S. Marcinkevičius, T. Lideikis, K. Naudčius: Semicond. Sci. Technol. 6, 41 (1991)
13. G. Ambrazevičius, S. Marcinkevičius, T. Lideikis, K. Naudčius: Semicond. Sci. Technol. 7, 818 (1992)
14. T. Amand, J. Barrau, X. Marie, N. Lauret, B. Dareys, M. Brousseau: Phys. Rev. B 47, 7155 (1993)
15. G. Bacher, C. Hartmann, H. Schweizer, T. Held, G. Mahler, H. Nickel: Phys. Rev. B 47, 9545 (1993)
16. H. Hillmer, T. Kuhn, A. Greiner, S. Hansmann, H. Burkhard: Opt. Quantum Electron. 26, S691 (1994)
17. P.A. Evans, P. Blood, J.S. Roberts: Semicond. Sci. Technol. 9, 1740 (1994)
18. S. Marcinkevičius, U. Olin, C. Silfvenius, B. Stålnacke, J. Wallin, G. Landgren: In Hot Carriers in Semiconductors, ed. by K. Hess et al. (Plenum Press, New York 1996) p. 575
19. K. Fröjdh, S. Marcinkevičius, U. Olin, C. Silfvenius, B. Stålnacke, G. Landgren: Appl. Phys. Lett. 69, 3695 (1996)
20. S. Marcinkevičius, K. Fröjdh, H. Hillmer, R. Lösch, U. Olin: Mater. Sci. Eng. (in press)
21. N. Tessler, S. Marcinkevičius, U. Olin, C. Silfvenius, B. Stålnacke, G. Landgren: IEEE J. Select. Top. Quantum Electron. 3, 315 (1997)
22. S. Marcinkevičius, H. Hillmer, R. Lösch, K. Fröjdh, U. Olin: Phys. Status Solidi B 204, 577 (1997)
23. S. Marcinkevičius, K. Fröjdh, K. Naudzius: J. Lumin. 54, 89 (1992)
24. S. Marcinkevičius, U. Olin, J. Wallin, K. Streubel, G. Landgren: Appl. Phys. Lett. 65, 2057 (1994)
25. S. Marcinkevičius, U. Olin, J. Wallin, K. Streubel, G. Landgren: Appl. Phys. Lett. 66, 2098 (1995)
26. M.S. Skolnick, J.J. Finley, J.W. Cockburn, R.J. Teissier, R. Grey, G. Hill, M.A. Pate: Phys. Status Solidi (1997)
27. E.O. Göbel, H. Jung, J. Kuhl, K. Ploog: Phys. Rev. Lett. 51, 1588 (1983)
28. D. Bimberg, J. Christen, A. Steckenborn, G. Weimann, W. Schlapp: J. Lumin. 30, 562 (1985)
29. J.A. Brum, G. Bastard: Phys. Rev. B 33, 1420 (1986)
30. J.A. Brum, T. Weil, J. Nagle, B. Vinter: Phys. Rev. B 34, 2381 (1986)
31. J. Feldmann, G. Peter, E.O. Göbel, K. Leo, H.-J. Polland, K. Ploog, K. Fujiwara, T. Nakayama: Appl. Phys. Lett. 51, 226 (1987)
32. B. Deveaud, F. Clérot, A. Regreny, K. Fujiwara, K. Mitsunaga, J. Ohta: Appl. Phys. Lett. 52, 1886 (1988)
33. B. Deveaud, J. Shah, T.C. Damen, W.T. Tsang: Appl. Phys. Lett. 52, 1886 (1988)
34. H.-J. Polland, K. Leo, K. Rother, K. Ploog, J. Feldmann, G. Peter, E.O. Göbel, K. Fujiwara, T. Nakayama, Y. Ohta: Phys. Rev. B 38, 7635 (1988)
35. B. Deveaud, J. Shah, T.C. Damen, W.T. Tsang: Appl. Phys. Lett. 55, 2646 (1989)
36. D.Y. Oberli, J. Shah, J.L. Jewell, T.C. Damen: Appl. Phys. Lett. 54, 1028 (1989)
37. P. Blood, E. S-M. Tsui, E.D. Fletcher: Appl. Phys. Lett. 54, 2218 (1989)
38. A. Weller, P. Thomas, J. Feldmann, G. Peter, E.O. Göbel: Appl. Phys. A 48, 509 (1989)
39. U. Cebulla, G. Bacher, A. Forchel, D. Schmitz, H. Jürgensen, M. Razeghi: Appl. Phys. Lett. 55, 933 (1989)
40. T. Kuhn, G. Mahler: Solid-State Electron. 32, 1851 (1989)
41. B. Deveaud, F. Clérot, A. Regreny, K. Fujiwara, K. Mitsunaga, J. Ohta: Appl. Phys. Lett. 55, 2646 (1989)
42. R. Kersting, X.Q. Zhou, K. Wolter, D. Grützmacher, H. Kurz: Superlattices Microstruct. 7, 345 (1990)
43. P.W.M. Blom, J.E.M. Haverkort, J.H. Wolter: Appl. Phys. Lett. 58, 2767 (1991)
44. S. Weiss, J.M. Wiesenfeld, D.S. Chemla, G. Raybon, G. Sucha, M. Wegener, G. Eisenstein, C.A. Burrus, A.G. Dentai, U. Koren, B.I. Miller, H. Temkin, R.A. Logan, T. Tanbun-Ek: Appl. Phys. Lett. 60, 9 (1992)
45. R. Kersting, R. Schwedler, K. Wolter, K. Leo, H. Kurz: Phys. Rev. B 46, 1639 (1992)
46. S.C. Kan, D. Vassilovski, T.C. Kan, K.Y. Lau: Appl. Phys. Lett. 61, 752 (1992)
47. K.R. Lefebvre, N.G. Anderson: Appl. Phys. Lett. 61, 282 (1992)
48. S.C. Kan, D. Vassilovski, T.C. Kan, K.Y. Lau: IEEE Phot. Technol. Lett. 4, 428 (1992)
49. P.W.M. Blom, C. Smit, J.E.M. Haverkort, J.H. Wolter: Phys. Rev. B. 47, 2072 (1993)
50. D. Morris, B. Deveaud, A. Regreny, P. Auvray: Phys. Rev. B 47, 6819 (1993)
51. P.W.M. Blom, J.E.M. Haverkort, P.J. van Hall, J.H. Wolter: Appl. Phys. Lett. 62, 1490 (1993)
52. B. Deveaud, A. Chomette, D. Morris, A. Regreny: Solid State Commun. 85, 367 (1993)
53. M.R.X. Barros, P.C. Becker, D. Morris, B. Deveaud, A. Regreny, F. Beisser: Phys. Rev. B. 47, 10951 (1993)
54. Y. Lam, J. Singh: Appl. Phys. Lett. 63, 1874 (1993)
55. P. Sotirelis, K. Hess: Phys. Rev. B 49, 7543 (1994)
56. B.K. Ridley: Phys. Rev. B 50, 1717 (1994)
57. J.M. Wiesenfeld, S. Weiss, D. Botkin, D.S. Chemla: Opt. Quantum Electron. 26, S731 (1994)
58. B. Deveaud, D. Morris, A. Regreny, M.R.X. Barros, P. Becker, J.M. Gérard: Opt. Quantum Electron. 26, S679 (1994)
59. P.W.M. Blom, J. Claes, J.E.M. Haverkort, J.H. Wolter: Opt. Quantum Electron. 26, S667 (1994)
60. P.W. Blom, J. Caes, J.E.M. Haverkort, J.H. Wolter: Opt. Quantum Electron. 26, S667 (1994)
61. R. Kersting, R. Schwedler, A. Kohl, K. Leo, H. Kurz: Opt. Quantum Electron. 26, S705 (1994)
62. L. Davis, Y.L. Lam, Y.C. Chen, J. Singh, P.K. Bhattacharya: IEEE J. Quantum Electron. 30, 2560 (1994)
63. S. Marcinkevičius, U. Olin, J. Wallin, G. Landgren: Appl. Phys. Lett. 66, 3164 (1995)
64. K. Muraki, A. Fujiwara, S. Fukatsu, Y. Shiraki: Phys. Rev. B 53, 15477 (1996)
65. O. Heller, G. Bastard: Phys. Rev. B 54, 5629 (1996)
66. S. Marcinkevičius, H. Hillmer, R. Lösch, U. Olin: Appl. Phys. Lett. 69, 1101 (1996)
67. G. Bacher, H. Schweizer, J. Kovac, A. Forchel, H. Nickel, W. Schlapp, R. Lösch: Phys. Rev. B 43, 9312 (1991)
68. M. Gurioli, J. Martinez-Pastor, M. Colocci, C. Deparis, B. Chastaingt, J. Massies: Phys. Rev. B 46, 11 (1992)
69. Chin-Yi Tsai, L.F. Eastman, Y-H- Lo, Chin-Yao Tsai: IEEE Phot. Technol. Lett. 6, 1088 (1994)
70. S. Weber, W. Limmer, K. Thonke, R. Sauer, K. Panzlaff, G. Bacher, H.P. Meier, P. Röntgen: Phys. Rev. B 52, 14739 (1995)
71. Chin-Yi Tsai, Chin-Yao Tsai, Y-H- Lo, L.F. Eastman: IEEE Phot. Technol. Lett. 7, 599 (1995)
72. R. Paiella, G. Hunziker, K.J. Vahala: Appl. Phys. Lett. 69, 4142 (1996)
73. M. Abou-Khalil, M. Goano, A. Champagne, R. Maciejko: IEEE Phot. Technol. Lett. 8, 19 (1996)
74. E.H. Reihlen, A. Persson, T.Y. Wang, K.L. Fry, G.B. Stringfellow: J. Appl. Phys. 66, 5554 (1989)
75. M. Preisel, J. Mørk, H. Haug: Phys. Rev. B 49, 14478 (1994)
76. M. Preisel, J. Mørk: J. Appl. Phys. 76, 1691 (1994)
77. L.F. Register, K. Hess: Appl. Phys. Lett. 71, 1222 (1997)
78. C.V. Shank, R.L. Fork, R. Yen, J. Shah, B.I. Greene, A.C. Gossard, C. Weisbuch: Solid State Commun. 47, 981 (1983)
79. J.F. Ryan, R.A. Taylor, A.J. Turberfield, A. Angela, Maciel, J.M. Worlock, A.C. Gossard, W. Wiegmann: Phys. Rev. Lett. 53, 1841 (1984)
80. K. Leo, W.W. Rühle, K. Ploog: Phys. Rev. B 38, 1947 (1988)
81. J. Shah: Superlattices Microstruct. 6, 293 (1989)
82. T. Elsässer, R.J. Bäuerle, W. Kaiser, H. Lobentanzer, W. Stolz, K. Ploog: Appl. Phys. Lett. 54, 256 (1989)
83. U. Cebulla, A. Forchel, G. Bacher, D. Grützmacher, W.T. Tsang, M. Razeghi: Phys. Rev. B 40, 10009 (1989)
84. Chin-Yi Tsai, Chin-Yao Tsai, Y-H- Lo, L.F. Eastman: IEEE J. Quantum Electron. 31, 2148 (1995)
85. B.R. Nag: Electron Transport in Compound Semiconductors, Springer Series in Solid-State Sciences Vol. 11 (Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg 1980)
86. P.A. Markowich, C.A. Ringhofer, C. Schmeiser: Semiconductor Equations (Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg 1990)
87. T. Kuhn, G. Mahler: Phys. Rev. B 40, 12147 (1989)
88. R. Nagarajan, T. Fukushima, S.W. Corzine, J.E. Bowers: Appl. Phys. Lett. 59, 1835 (1991)
89. R. Nagarajan, M. Ishikawa, T. Fukushima, R.S. Geels, J.E. Bowers: IEEE J. Quantum Electron. 28, 1990 (1992)
90. A. Hangleiter, A. Grabmaier, G. Fuchs: Appl. Phys. Lett. 62, 2316 (1993)
91. N. Tessler, G. Eisenstein: Appl. Phys. Lett. 62, 10 (1993)
92. N. Tessler, G. Eisenstein: Opt. Quantum Electron. 26, S767 (1994)
93. C.H. Lin, C.L. Chua, Z.H. Zhu, Y.H. Lo: Appl. Phys. Lett. 65, 2383 (1994)
94. K. Fröjdh, P. Holström, U. Olin: Technical Report TR 310, Institute of Optical Research, Stockholm (1996)
95. M. Grupen, K. Hess: Appl. Phys. Lett. 65, 2454 (1994)
96. N. Tessler, G. Eisenstein: IEEE J. Quantum Electron. 29, 1586 (1994)
97. K. Hono, H. Yanai: IEEE Trans. Electron Devices 37, 1093 (1990)
98. H. Schneider, K. v. Klitzing: Phys. Rev. B 38, 6160 (1988)
99. 1-y grown on [100] and [111] oriented substrates", German Telekom, Technical Report 65 TB 29 E, pp. 1-17 (1991)
100. H. Hillmer, A. Greiner, F. Steinhagen, H. Burkhard, R. Lösch, W. Schlapp, T. Kuhn: SPIE Proc. 2693, 352 (1996)
101. R.J. Heyes, A.R. Adams, P.D. Greene: In GaInAsP Alloy Semiconductors, ed. by T. Pearsall (Wiley, New York 1982) p. 189
102. R. Kersting, R. Schwedler, K. Wolter, K. Leo, H. Kurz: Phys. Rev. B 46, 1639 (1992)
103. Y. Sugiyama, T. Inata, T. Fujii, Y. Nakata, S. Muto, S. Hiyamizu: Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. 25, L848 (1986)
104. J. Thompson, R.M. Ash, N. Maung, A.J. Moseley, D.J. Robbins: J. Electron. Mater. 19, 349 (1990)
105. J.-C. Harmand, T. Matsuno, K. Inoue: Jap. J. Appl. Phys. 29, L233 (1990)
106. O. Issanchou, J. Barrau, E. Idart-Alhor, M. Quillec: J. Appl. Phys. 76, 3925 (1995)
107. S. Adachi: Physical properties of III-V Semiconductor Compounds, (Wiley, New York 1992)
108. M.C. Tatham, J.F. Ryan, C.T. Foxton: Phys. Rev. Lett. 63, 1637 (1989); G. Weber, A.M. de Paula: Appl. Phys. Lett. 63, 3026 (1993)
109. M.C. Tatham, J.F. Ryan, C.T. Foxton: Phys. Rev. Lett. 63, 1637 (1989); G. Weber, A.M. de Paula: Appl. Phys. Lett. 63, 3026 (1993)
110. X.Q. Zhou, K. Leo, H. Kurz: Phys. Rev. B 45, 3886 (1992)
111. A. Grabmaier, M. Schöfthaler, A. Hangleiter, C. Kazmierski, M. Blez, A. Ougazzaden: Appl. Phys. Lett. 62, 52 (1993)
112. M. Zimmermann, S. Krämer, A. Hangleiter, F. Steinhagen, H. Hillmer, H. Burkhard: Appl. Phys. Lett. 69, 2324 (1996)
113. Chin-Yi Tsai, Chin-Yao Tsai, Y-H. Lo, R.M. Spencer, L.F. Eastman: IEEE J. Select. Top. Quantum Electron. 1, 316 (1995)
114. T.C. Wu, S.C. Kan, D. Vassilovski, K.Y. Lau: Appl. Phys. Lett. 63, 441 (1993)
115. N. Tessler, G. Eisenstein: IEEE Phot. Technol. Lett. 5, 291 (1993)
116. R.F. Nabiev, B.C. Vail, C.J. Chang-Hasnain: IEEE J. Select. Topics Quantum Electron. 1, 234 (1995)
117. R.F. Nabiev, B.C. Vail, C.J. Chang-Hasnam: SPIE Proc. 2382, 143 (1995)
118. A.G. Plyavenek: SPIE Proc. 2399, 317 (1995)
119. H. Hillmer, A. Greiner, F. Steinhagen, R. Lösch, W. Schlapp, E. Binder, T. Kuhn, H. Burkhard: Technical Digest of IX Int. Conf. on hot carriers in semiconductors, Chicago USA, 1995
120. A. Greiner, T. Kuhn, H. Hillmer, S. Hansmann, H. Burkhard, NATO ASI on Quantum transport in ultrasmall devices 1994, ed. by D.K. Ferry, in press (1995)
121. M. Alam, M. Lundstrom: SPIE Proc. 2399, 292 (1995)
122. M. Alam, M. Lundstrom: IEEE Phot. Technol. Lett. 6, 1418 (1995)
123. M. Grupen, K. Hess, L. Rota: SPIE Proc. 2399, 468 (1995)
124. H. Hirayama, Y. Miyake, M. Asada: IEEE J. Quantum Electron. 28, 68 (1992)
125. H. Hirayama, M. Asada: Opt. Quantum Electron. 26, S719 (1994)
126. H. Hirayama, J. Yoshida, Y. Miyake, M. Asada: IEEE J. Quantum Electron. 30, 54 (1994)
127. R.F. Kazarinov, M.R. Pinto: IEEE J. Quantum Electron. 30, 49 (1994)
128. A.D. Sadovnikov, X. Li, W-P. Huang: IEEE J. Quantum Electron. 31, 1856 (1995)
129. J.E.A. Whiteaway, A.P. Wright, B. Garrett, G.H.B. Thompson, J.E. Carroll, L.M. Zhang, C.F. Tsang, I.H. White, K.A. Williams: Opt. Quantum Electron. 26, S817 (1994)
130. H. Wenzel, G. Erbert, SPIE Proc. 2693, 418 (1996)
131. R. Nagarajan, T. Fukushima, M. Ishikawa, J.E. Bowers, R.S. Geels, L.A. Coldren: IEEE Phot. Technol. Lett. 4, 121 (1992)
132. R. Nagarajan, M. Ishikawa, J.E. Bowers: Electron. Lett. 28, 846 (1992)
133. R. Nagarajan, R.P. Mirin, I.E. Reynolds, J.E. Bowers: IEEE Phot. Technol. Lett. 4, 832 (1992)
134. M. Ishikawa, R. Nagarajan, T. Fukushima, J.G. Wasserbauer, J.E. Bowers: IEEE J. Quantum Electron. 28, 2230 (1992)
135. R. Nagarajan, R.P. Mirin, T.E. Reynolds, J.E. Bowers: Electron. Lett. 29, 1688 (1993)
136. T. Fukushima, R. Nagarajan, M. Ishikawa, J. Bowers: Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. 32, 70 (1993)
137. R. Nagarajan: Opt. Quantum Electron. 26, S647 (1994)
138. M. Ishikawa, R. Nagarajan, J.E. Bowers: Opt. Quantum Electron. 26, S805 (1994)
139. W. Rideout, W.F. Sharfin, E.S. Koteles, M.O. Vassell, B. Elman: IEEE Phot. Technol. Lett. 3, 784 (1991)
140. C.B. Su, J. Eom, C.H. Lange, C.B. Kim, R.B. Lauer, W.C. Rideout, J.S. LaCourse: IEEE J. Quantum Electron. 28, 118 (1992)
141. M.O. Vassell, W.F. Sharfin, W.C. Rideout, J. Lee: IEEE J. Quantum Electron. 29, 1319 (1993)
142. Y.L. Lam, Y. Singh: Opt. Quantum Electron. 26, S757 (1994)
143. H. Yamazaki, M. Yamaguchi, M. Kitamura, I. Mito: IEEE Phot. Technol. Lett. 4, 396 (1993)
144. C.Y. Tsai, L.F. Eastman, Y.H. Lo: Appl. Phys. Lett. 63, 3408 (1993)
145. T. Odagawa, K. Nakajima, K. Tanaka, H. Nobuhara, T. Inoue, N. Okazaki, K. Wakao: Appl. Phys. Lett. 63, 2996 (1993)
146. T. Odagawa, K. Nakajima, K. Tanaka, H. Nobuhara, T. Inoue, K. Wakao: IEEE J. Quantum Electron. 29, 1682 (1993)
147. L.V.T. Nguyen, A.J. Lowery, P.C.R. Gurney, D. Novak: IEEE J. Select. Topics Quantum Electron. 1, 494 (1995)
148. N. Tessler, R. Nagar, G. Eisenstein: IEEE J. Quantum Electron. 28, 2242 (1992)
149. N. Suzuki, M. Ishikawa: IEEE Phot. Technol. Lett. 5, 767 (1993)
150. N. Suzuki, M. Ishikawa: Opt. Quantum Electron. 26, S789 (1994)
151. M. Quillec: SPIE Proc. 1361, 34 (1990)
152. L.F. Lester, B.K. Ridley: J. Appl. Phys. 72, 2579 (1992)
153. J.E.A. Whiteaway, A.P. Wright, B. Garrett, G.H.B. Thompson, J.E. Carroll, L.M. Zhang, C.F. Tsang, I.H. White, K.A. Williams: Opt. Quantum Electron. 26, S817 (1994)
154. A.P. Wnght, B. Garrett, G.H.B. Thompson, J.E.A. Whiteaway: Electron. Lett. 28, 1911 (1992)
155. G.W. Taylor, P.R. Claisse: IEEE J. Quantum Electron. 31, 2133 (1995)
156. B. Zhao, T.R. Chen, Y. Yamada, Y.H. Zhuang, N. Kuze, A. Yariv: Appl. Phys. Lett. 61, 1907 (1992)
157. M.S. Lundstrom, R.J. Schulke: IEEE Trans. Electron Devices 30, 1151 (1983)
158. V.I. Tolstikhin, M. Willander: IEEE J. Quantum Electron. 31, 814 (1995)
159. F. Steinhagen, H. Hillmer, R. Lösch, W. Schlapp, H. Walter, R. Göbel, E. Kuphal, H.L. Hartnagel, H. Burkhard: Electron. Lett. 31, 274 (1995)
160. D. Vassilovski, T.-C. Wu, S. Kan, K.Y. Lau, C.E. Zah: IEEE Phot. Technol. Lett. 7, 706 (1995)
161. F. Steinhagen, H. Hillmer, S. Hansmann, S. Mohrdiek, R. Lösch, W. Schlapp, H. Walter, R. Göbel, H.W. Dinges, E. Kuphal, H.L. Hartnagel, H. Burkhard: Technical digest of IOOC'95, paper FB2-6 (Hong Kong) p. 52 (1995)
162. P.A. Morton, T. Tanbun-Ek, R.A. Logan, N. Chand, K.W. Wecht, A.M. Sergent, P.F. Sciortino: Electron. Lett. 30, 2044 (1994)
163. O. Kjebon, R. Schatz, S. Lourdudoss, S. Nilsson, B. Stålnacke, L. Bäckbom: Electron. Lett. 33, 488 (1997)
164. Y. Matsui, H. Murai, S. Arahira, S. Kutsuzawa, Y. Ogawa: IEEE Phot. Technol. Lett. 9, 25 (1997)
165. J.D. Ralston, S. Weisser, K. Eisele, R.E. Sah, B.C. Larkins, J. Rosenzweig, J. Fleissner, K. Bender: IEEE Phot. Technol. Lett. 6, 1076 (1994)
166. S. Weisser, E.C. Larkins, K. Czotcher, W. Benz, J. Daleiden, I. Esquivias, J. Fleissner, M. Maier, J.D. Ralston, B. Romero, R.E. Sah, A. Schönfelder, J. Rosenzweig: Proceedings 21th Eur. Conf. on Opt. Comm. p. 1015, Th.B. 3.3, Brussels (1995)
167. D. Klotzkin, X. Zhang, P. Bhattacharya, C. Caneau, R. Bhat: IEEE Phot. Technol. Lett. 9, 578 (1997)