Brain injury in bacterial meningitis: Therapeutic implications

Current Opinion in Neurology

Volumn 10, Issue 3, 1997, Pages 254-259

  Pfister, Hans Walter ^a   Scheld, W Michael ^b  

^a LUDWIG MAXIMILIANS UNIVERSITY   (Germany)

^b UNIVERSITY OF VIRGINIA HEALTH SYSTEM   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

AMINO ACID RECEPTOR BLOCKING AGENT; DEXAMETHASONE; EXCITATORY AMINO ACID; INTERLEUKIN 10; NITRIC OXIDE; NITRIC OXIDE SYNTHASE INHIBITOR; REACTIVE OXYGEN METABOLITE; SCAVENGER;

BACTERIAL MENINGITIS; BLOOD BRAIN BARRIER; BRAIN BLOOD FLOW; BRAIN INJURY; CELL INTERACTION; ENDOTHELIUM CELL; HUMAN; INFLAMMATION; LEUKOCYTE; MEDIATOR; RABBIT; REVIEW;

EID: 0030857648     PISSN: 13507540     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1097/00019052-199706000-00015     Document Type: Review

References (44)

1. Robbins JB, Schneerson R, Anderson P, Smith DH: Prevention of systemic infections, especially meningitis, caused by Haemophilus influenaze type b. JAMA 1996, 276:1181-1185.
2. Weststrate W, Hijdra A, De Gans J: Brain infarcts in adults with bacterial meningitis [Letter]. Lancet 1996, 347:399.
3. Gironell A, Domingo P, Mancebo J, Col P, Marti-Vilalta JL: Hemorrhagic stroke as a complication of bacterial meningitis in adults: report of three cases and review. Clin Infect Dis 1995, 21:1488-1491.
4. Townsend GC, Scheld WM: In vitro models of the blood-brain barrier to study bacterial meningitis. Trends Microbiol 1995, 3:441-444.
5. Townsend GC, Scheld WM: Microbe-endothelium interaction in blood-brain barrier permeability during bacterial meningitis. ASM News 1995, 61:294-298. This is a comprehensive review article on the interactions of cells making up the blood brain barrier and bacteria.
6. Cundell DR, Gerard NP, Gerard C, Idanpaan-Heikkila I, Tuomanen EI: Streptococcus pneumonias anchor to activated human cells by the receptor for platelet-activating factor. Nature 1995, 377:435-438. This excellent study investigates the molecular mechanisms of attachment of S. pneumoniae to human endothelial and epithelial cells.
7. Huang SH, Wass C, Fu Q, Prasadarao NV, Prasadarao NV, Stins M, Kim KS: Escherichia coli invasion of brain microvascular endothelial cells in vitro and in vivo: molecular cloning and characterization of invasion gene ibe10. Infect Immun 1995, 63:4470-4475.
8. Prasadarao NV, Wass CA, Weiser JN, Stins MF, Huang SH, Kim KS: Outer membrane protein A of Escherichia coli contributes to invasion of brain microvascular endothelial cells. Infect Immun 1996, 64:146-153.
9. Prasadarao NV, Wass CA, Kim KS: Endothelial cell GlcNAcβ1-4GlcNAc epitopes for outer membrane protein A enhance traversal of Escherichia coli across the blood-brain barrier. Infect Immun 1996, 64:154-160. The authors report impressive results of in-vitro and in-vivo studies investigating the molecular mechanisms of the interactions between E. coli and brain microvascular endothelial cells.
10. Angstwurm K, Weber JR, Segert A, Bürger W, Weih M, Freyer D, Einhäupl KM, Dirnagl U: Fucoidin, a polysaccharide inhibiting leukocyte rolling, attenuates inflammatory responses in experimental pneumococcal meningitis in rats. Neurosci Lett 1995, 191:1-4.
11. Weber JR, Angstwurm K, Bürger W, Einhäupl KM, Dirnagl U: Anti 1CAM1 (CD54) monoclonal antibody reduces inflammatory changes in experimental bacterial meningitis. J Neuroimmunol 1995, 63:63-68.
12. Townsend GC, Scheld WM: Antibody against intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1) decreases subarachnoid space (SAS) inflammation in experimental Haemophilus influenzas type b (Hlb) bacterial meningitis (BM) [Abstract]. 36th Interscience Conference on Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy. New Orleans, September 15 18, 1996. 1996:B32.
13. Seebach J, Bartholdi D, Frei K, Spanaus KS, Ferrera E, Widmer U, Isenmann S, Stricter RM, Schwab M, Pfister HW, Fontana A: Experimental Listeria meningoencephalitis. Macrophage inflammatory protein-1 α and -2 are produced intrathecally and mediate chemotactic activity in cerebrospinal fluid of infected mice. J Immunol 1995, 155:4367-4375.
14. Koedel U, Bernatowicz A, Paul R, Frei K, Fontana A, Pfister HW: Experimental pneumococcal meningitis: cerebrovascular alterations, brain edema, and meningeal inflammation are linked to the production of nitric oxide. Ann Neurol 1995, 37:313-323. This paper describes the effect of NO inhibition and free-radical scavenging on pathophysiological alterations during experimental meningitis.
15. Lorenzl S, Koedel U, Frei K, Pfister HW: Effect of the bradykinin B receptor antagonist Hoe140 in experimental pneumococcal meningitis in the rat. Eur J Pharmacol 1996, 308:335-341.
16. Lorenzl S, Koedel U, Pfister HW: Mannitol, but not allopurinol, modulates changes in cerebral blood flow, intracranial pressure, and brain water content during pneumococcal meningitis in the rat. Crit Care Med 1996, 24:1874-1880.
17. Leib SL, Kim YS, Chow LL, Täuber MG: α-phenyl-tert-butyl nitrone scavenges superoxide and reduces cerebral ischemia in experimental neonatal meningitis caused by group B streptococci [Abstract]. 36th Interscience Conference on Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, New Orleans. September 15 18, 1996. 1996:B27.
18. Tureen JH, Liu Q, Chow L: Attenuation of cerebral ischemia in experimental meningitis by the free-radical scavenger α-phenyl-tert-butyl nitrone [Abstract]. 36th Interscience Conference on Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, New Orleans, September 15 18, 1996. 1996:B28.
19. Koedel U, Heng A, Ruckdeschel A, Rister HW: Modulation of pathophysiological alterations by the antioxidant N-acetyl-L-cysteine, but not S-methylisothiourea, an inhibitor of the inducible nitric oxide synthase, in an advanced phase of experimental pneumococcal meningitis [Abstract]. 36th Interscience Conference on Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, New Orleans, September 15 18, 1996. 1996:B30.
20. O'Hanley JR, Buster BL, Townsend GC, Scheld WM: The effect of dicumarol on blood-brain barrier pathophysiology and cerebrospinal fluid pleocytosis in experimental bacterial meningitis [Abstract]. 36th Interscience Conference on Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, New Orleans, September 15 18, 1996. 1996:B33.
21. Buster BL, Scheld WM: The effect of ceftazidime on blood-brain barrier pathophysiology in experimental bacterial meningitis in the rat [Abstract]. 36th Interscience Conference on Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, New Orleans, September 15-18, 1996. 1996:B34.
22. Kim YS, Täuber MG: Neurotoxicity of glia activated by Gram-positive bacterial products depends on nitric oxide production. Infect Immun 1996, 64:3148-3153. This study shows that Gram-positive cell walls can cause toxicity in neurons by inducing the production of NO in astrocytes and microglia.
23. Kornelisse RF, Hokman K, Visser JJ, Hop WCJ, Huijmans JGM, van der Straaten PJC, van der Heijden AJ, Sukhai RN, Neijens HJ, de Groot R: The role of nitric oxide in bacterial meningitis in children. J Infect Dis 1996, 174:120-126.
24. Buster BL, Weintrob AC, Townsend GC, Scheld WM: Potential role of nitric oxide in the pathophysiology of experimental bacterial meningitis in the rat. Infect Immun 1995, 63:3835-3839. This paper stresses the pathophysiological role of NO in alterations of blood-brain barrier permeability during experimental meningitis.
25. Leib SL, Kim YS, Black SM, Ferreiro DM, Tauber MG: Detrimental effect of nitric oxide inhibition in experimental bacterial meningitis. Ann Neurol 1996, 39:555.
26. Korytko PJ, Boje KMK: Pharmacological characterization of nitric oxide production in a rat model of meningitis. Neuropharmacology 1996, 35:231-237.
27. Boje KMK: Inhibition of nitric oxide synthase partially attenuates alterations in the blood-cerebrosplnal fluid barrier during experimental meningitis in the rat. Eur J Pharmacol 1995, 272:297-300.
28. Brian JE, Heistad DD, Faraci FM: Dilatation of cerebral arterioles in response to lipopolysaccharide in vivo. Stroke 1995, 26:277-280.
29. Tureen JH: Effect of recombinant human tumor necrosis factor-α on cerebral oxygen uptake, cerebrospinal fluid lactate, and cerebral blood flow in the rabbit: role of nitric oxide. J Clin Invest 1995, 95:1086-1091.
30. Boje KMK: Inhibition of nitric oxide synthase attenuates blood-brain barrier disruption during experimental meningitis. Brain Res 1996, 720:75-83.
31. Bernatowicz A, Koedel U, Frei K, Fontana A, Rister HW: Production of nitrite by primary rat astrocytes in response to pneumococci. J Neuroimmunol 1995, 60:53-61.
32. Freyer D, Weih M, Weber JR, Bürger W et al.: Pneumococcal cell wall components induce nitric oxide synthase and TNF-α in astroglial-enriched cultures. Glia 1996, 16:1-6.
33. Spranger M, Schwab S, Krempien S, Winterholer M, Stein T, Hacke W: Excess glutamate levels in the cerebrospinal fluid predict clinical outcome of bacterial meningitis. Arch Neurol 1996, 53:992-996.
34. Leib SL, Kim YS, Ferreiro IM, Täuber MG: Neuroprotective effect of excitatory amino acid antagonist kynurenic acid in experimental bacterial meningitis. J Infect Dis 1996, 173:166-171.
35. Bass R, Engelhard D, Trembovler V, Shohami E: A novel nonpsychotropic cannabinold, HU-211, in the treatment of experimental pneumococcal meningitis. J Infect Dis 1996, 173:735-738.
36. van Furth AM, Seijmonsbergen EM, Langermans JAM, Groeneveld PHP, de Bel CE, van Furth R: High levels of interleukin 10 and tumor necrosis factor a in cerebrospinal fluid during the onset of bacterial meningitis. Clin Infect Dis 1995, 21:220-222.
37. Kornelisse RF, Savelkoul HFJ, Mulder PHG, Suur MH, van der Straaten PJC, van der Heijden AJ, Sukhai RN, Hählen K, Neijens HJ, de Groot R: Interleukin-10 and soluble tumor necrosis factor receptors in cerebrospinal fluid of children with bacterial meningitis. J Infect Dis 1996, 173:1498-1502.
38. Torre D, Zeroli C, Martegani R, Speranza F: Levels of interleukin-10 and tumor necrosis factor a in patients with bacterial meningitis. Clin Infect Dis 1996, 22:883-884.
39. Koedel U, Bernatowicz A, Frei K, Fontana A, Pfister HW: Systemically (but not intrathecally) administered IL-10 attenuates pathophysiologic alterations in experimental pneumococcal meningitis. J Immunol 1996, 157:5185-5191.
40. Paris MM, Hicke Y, Trujillo, Ahmed A, Olson K, McCracken GH: Effect of interleukin-10 (IL-10) in experimental bacterial meningitis [Abstract]. 35th Interscience Conference on Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, San Francisco, September 17 20, 1995. 1995:B22.
41. Tureen J, Liu Q, Chow L: Near-infrared spectroscopy in experimental pneumococcal meningitis in the rabbit: cerebral hemodynamics and metabolism. Pediatr Res 1996, 40:759-763.
42. Weber JR, Angstwurm K, Bove GM, Bürger W, Einhäupl KM, Dirnagl U. Moskowitz MA: The trigeminal nerve and augmentation of regional cerebral blood flow during experimental bacterial meningitis. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 1996, 16:1319-1324.
43. Tunkel AR, Scheld WM: Acute bacterial meningitis. Lancet 1995, 346:1675-1680. An excellent, comprehensive review article on the clinical presentation of patients with bacterial meningitis, the approaches to diagnosis, and early management is provided.
44. Portegies P, Enting RH: Prions, oestrogens, PCR, and the brain. Lancet 1996, 348(suppl II):14.