Prevention of systemic infections, especially meningitis, caused by Haemophilus influenzae type b: Impact on public health and implications for other polysaccharide-based vaccines

JAMA

Volumn 276, Issue 14, 1996, Pages 1181-1185

  Robbins, John B ^a   Schneerson, Rachel ^a   Anderson, Porter ^b   Smith, David H ^c  

^a EUNICE KENNEDY SHRIVER NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF CHILD HEALTH AND HUMAN DEVELOPMENT   (United States)

^b UNIVERSITY OF ROCHESTER   (United States)

^c Hamilton Smith Foundation   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

BACTERIAL POLYSACCHARIDE; HAEMOPHILUS INFLUENZAE TYPE B VACCINE; IMMUNOGLOBULIN G; POLYSACCHARIDE VACCINE; BACTERIAL VACCINE; HAEMOPHILUS INFLUENZAE TYPE B POLYSACCHARIDE VACCINE; HAEMOPHILUS VACCINE; VACCINE;

ANTIBODY RESPONSE; BACTERIAL MENINGITIS; CLINICAL TRIAL; DRUG EFFICACY; HAEMOPHILUS INFLUENZAE TYPE B; HUMAN; IMMUNOGENICITY; INFECTION PREVENTION; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PUBLIC HEALTH; REVIEW; VACCINATION; ANIMAL; ANTIBODY PRODUCTION; ARTICLE; AWARDS AND PRIZES; BACTERIAL INFECTION; BACTERIAL MEMBRANE; CLINICAL MEDICINE; HAEMOPHILUS INFLUENZAE; HISTORY; IMMUNOGENETICS; IMMUNOLOGY; INFECTION CONTROL; UNITED STATES;

ANIMALS; ANTIBODY FORMATION; AWARDS AND PRIZES; BACTERIAL CAPSULES; BACTERIAL VACCINES; CLINICAL MEDICINE; COMMUNICABLE DISEASE CONTROL; HAEMOPHILUS INFECTIONS; HAEMOPHILUS INFLUENZAE; HAEMOPHILUS VACCINES; HISTORY, 20TH CENTURY; HUMANS; IMMUNOGENETICS; MENINGITIS, HAEMOPHILUS; POLYSACCHARIDES, BACTERIAL; UNITED STATES; VACCINES, CONJUGATE;

EID: 0030577062     PISSN: 00987484     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1001/jama.276.14.1181     Document Type: Review

References (62)

1. Parke JC Jr, Schneerson R, Robbins JB. The attack rate, age incidence, racial distribution and case fatality rate of Haemophilus influenzae type b meningitis in Mecklenburg County, North Carolina. J Pediatr. 1972;81:765-769.
2. Sell HW, Merrill RE, Doyne EO, Zimsky EP. Long-term sequelae of Hemophilus influenzae meningitis. Pediatrics. 1972;49:206-211.
3. Glode MP, Schiffer MS, Robbing JB, Khan W, Battle CU, Armenta E. An outbreak of Haemophilus influenzas type b meningitis in an enclosed hospital population. J Pediatr. 1976;88:36-40.
4. Redmond SR, Pichichero ME. Haemophilus influenzae type b disease: an epidemiologic study with special reference to day-care centers. JAMA. 1984;252:2581-2584.
5. Pittman M. Variation and type specificity in the bacterial species Haemophilus influenzae. J Exp Med. 1931;53:471-492.
6. Pittman M, The action of type-specific Haemophilus influenzae antiserum. J Exp Med. 1931;58:683-706.
7. 13C NMR spectroscopy. In: Cohen JS, ed. Magnetic Resonance in Biology. New York, NY: John Wiley & Sons Inc; 1980:198-258.
8. Sutton A, Schneerson R, Kendall-Morris S, Robbins JB. Differential complement resistance mediates virulence of Haemophilus influenzae type b. Infect Immun. 1982;35:95-104.
9. Robbins JB, Schneerson R, Egan WB, Vann W, Liu DT. Virulence properties of bacterial capsular polysaccharides - unanswered questions. In: Smith H, Skehel JJ, Turner MJ, eds. The Molecular Basis of Microbial Pathogenicity. Verlag Chemie GmBH; 1980:115-132.
10. Fothergill LD, Wright J. Influenzal meningitis: relation of age incidence to the bactericidal power of blood against the causal organism. J Immunol. 1933;24:273-284.
11. Rodrigues LP, Schneerson R, Robbins JB. Immunity to Hemophilus influenza type b, I: the isolation and some physicochemical, serologic and biologic properties of the capsular polysaccharide of H. influenza type b. J Immunol. 1971;107:1071-1080.
12. Schneerson R, Rodrigues LP, Parke JC Jr, Robbins JB. Immunity to Hemophilus influenza, II: specificity and some biological characteristics of 'natural,' infection-acquired and immunization-induced antibodies to the capsular polysaccharide of H. influenza type b. J Immunol. 1971;107:1081-1089.
13. Anderson P, Johnston RB, Smith DH. Human serum activities against Haemophiius influenzae type b. J Clin Invest. 1972;51:39-45.
14. Schneerson R, Robbins JB. Induction of serum Haemophilus influenzae type b eapsular antibodies in adult volunteers fed cross-reacting Escherichia coli 075:K100:H5. N Engl J Med. 1975;292: 1093-1096.
15. Goldschneider I, Gotschlich EC, Artenstein MS. Human immunity to the meningococcus, I: the role of humoral antibodies. J Exp Med. 1969;129:1307-1326.
16. Alexander HE, Heidelberger M, Leidy G. The protective or curative element in A influenzae rabbit serum. Yale J Biol Med. 1944;16:425-430.
17. Janeway CA, Rosen FS, Merler E, Alper CA, eds. The Gamma Globulins. Boston, Mass: Little Brown & Co; 1967.
18. Robbins JB, Parke JC Jr, Schneerson R, Whisnant JK. Quantitative measurement of 'natural' and immunization-induced Haemophilus influenzae type b capsular polysaccharide antibodies. Pediatr Res. 1973;7:103-110.
19. Santosham M, Reid R, Ambrosino DM, et al. Prevention of Haemophilus influenzae type b infections in high-risk infants treated with bacterial polysaccharide immune globulin. N Engl J Med. 1987;317:923-929.
20. Crisel RM, Baker RS, Dorman DE. Capsular polymer of Haemophilus influenzae type b. J Biol Chem. 1975;250:4926-4933.
21. Kuo JS, Doelling VW, Graveiine JF, McCoy DW. Evidence for covalent attachment of phospholipid to the capsular polysaccharide of Haemophilus influenzae type b. J Bacteriol. 1985;163:769-773.
22. Kroll JS, Hopkins I, Moxon ER. Capsule loss in Haemophilus influenzae type b occurs by recombination-mediated disruption of a gene essential for polysaccharide export. Cell. 1988;53:347-356.
23. Smith DH, Peter G, Ingram DL, Anderson P. Responses of children immunized with the capsular polysaccharide of Haemophilus influenzae 1 type b. Pediatrics. 1973;52:637-641.
24. Peltola H, Käyhty H, Sivonen A, Mäkela PH. Haemophilus influenzae type b capsular polysaccharide vaccine in children: a double blind study of 100,000 vaccinees 3 months to 5 years of age in Finland. Pediatrics. 1977;60:730-737.
25. Parke JC Jr, Schneerson R, Robbins JB, Schlesselman JJ. Interim report of a field trial of immunization with Haemophilus influenzae type b and meningococcus group C capsular polysaccharides in Mecklenburg County, N.C., March 1974-March 1976. J Infect Dis. 1977;136:S51-S56.
26. Avery OT, Goebel WF. Chemo-immunological studies on conjugated carbohydrate-proteins, II: immunological specificity of synthetic sugar-proteins. J Exp Med. 1929;50:521-533.
27. Schneerson R, Barrera O, Sutton A, Robbins JB. Preparation, characterization and immunogenicity of Haemophilus influenzae type b polysaccharide-protein conjugates. J Exp Med. 1980;152: 361-376.
28. Chu C, Schneerson R, Robbins JB, Rastogi SC. Further studies on the immunogenicity of Haemophilus influenzae type b and pneumococcal type 6A polysaccharide-protein conjugates. Infect Immun. 1983;40:245-256.
29. Anderson P. Antibody responses to Haemophilus influenzae type b and diphtheria toxin induced by conjugates of oligosaccharides of the type b capsule with the nontoxic protein CRM 197. Infect Immun. 1983;39:233-238.
30. Anderson PW, Pichichero ME, Insel RA. Immunization of two-month-old infants with protein-coupled oligosaccharides derived from the capsule of Haemophilus influenzae type b. J Pediatr. 1985; 107:346-351.
31. Parke JC Jr, Schneerson R, Reimer C, et al. Clinical and immunologic responses to Haemophilus influenzae type b-tetanus toxoid conjugate vaccine in infants injected at 3, 5, 7, and 18 months of age. J Pediatr. 1991;118:184-190.
32. Robbins JB, Schneerson R. Evaluating the Haemophilus influenzae type b conjugate vaccine PRP-D. N Engl J Med. 1990;323:1415-1416.
33. Centers for Disease Control. Food and Drug approval of use of Haemophilus b conjugate vaccine for infants. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 1990;39:698-699.
34. World Health Organization. Requirements for Haemophilus Type b Conjugate Vaccines. Geneva, Switzerland: World Health Organization; 1991. WHO Technical Report Series, No. 814.
35. Insel RA, Amstey M, Pichichero ME. Postimmunization antibody to the Haemophilus influenzae type b capsule in breast milk. J Infect Dis. 1985;152:407-408
36. Anderson, P, Pichichero ME, Insel RA. Immunogens consisting of oligosaccharides from the capsule of Haemophilus infiuenzae type b coupled to diphtheria toxoid or the toxin protein CRM197. J Clin Invest. 1985;76:52-59.
37. Schneerson R, Robbins JB, Parke JC Jr, et al. Quantitative and qualitative analyses of serum antibodies elicted in adults by Haemophilus influenzae type b and pneumococcus type 6A capsular polysaccharide-tetanus toxoid conjugates. Infect Immun. 1986;52:519-528.
38. Shackleford PG, Granoff DM, Nelson SJ, Scott MG, Smith DS, Nahm MH. Subclass distribution of human antibodies to Haemophilus influenzae type b capsular polysaccharide. J Immunol. 1987;138: 587-592.
39. Claesson BA, Trollfors B, Lagergard T, et al. Clinical and immunological responses to the capsular polysaccharide of Haemophilus influenzae type alone or conjugated to tetanus toxoid in 18-to 23-month-old children. J Pediatr. 1988;112:695-702.
40. Insel RA, Anderson PW. Oligosaccharide-protein conjugate vaccines induce and prime for oligoclonal IgG antibody response to the Haemophilus influenzae type b capsular polysaccharide in human infants. J Exp Med. 1985;163:262-269.
41. Insel RA, Kittelberger A, Anderson P. Isoelectric focusing of human antibody to the Haemophilua influenzae b capsular polysaccharide: restricted and identical spectrotypes in adults. J Immunol. 1985;135:2810-2816.
42. Scott MG, Zachau HG, Nahm MH. The human antibody V region repertoire to the type b capsular polysaccharide of Haemophilus influenzae. Int Rev Immunol. 1992;9:43-53.
43. Trollfors B, Lagergǎrd T, Claesson BA, Thornberg E, Martinell J, Schneerson R. Characterization of the serum antibody response to the capsular polysaccharide of Haemophilus influenzae type b in children with invasive infections. J Infect Dis. 1992;166:1335-1339.
44. Claesson BA, Trollfors B, Anderson PW, et al. Serum antibodies in six-year-old children vaccinated in infancy with a Haemophilus influenzae type b-tetanus toxoid conjugate vaccine. Pediatr Infect Dis J. 1996;15:170-172.
45. Rothstein EP, Schiller RP, Girone JAC, et al. Antibody persistence four years after primary immunization of infants and toddlers with Haemophilus influenzae type b CRM197 conjugate vaccine. J Pediatr. 1991;119:655-657.
46. Claesson BA, Schneerson R, Robbins JB, et al. Protective levels of serum antibodies stimulated in infants by two injections of Haemophilus influenzoe-tetanus toxoid conjugate. J Pediatr. 1989;114: 97-100.
47. Schneerson R, Robbins JB, Chu C, et al. Serum antibody responses of juvenile and infant rhesus monkeys injected with Haemophilus influenzas type b and pneumococcus type 6A polysaccharide-protein conjugates. Infect Immun. 1984;45:582-591.
48. Anderson PW, Pichichero ME, Insel RA, Betts R, Eby R, Smith DH. Vaccines consisting of periodate-cleaved oligosaccharides from the capsule of Haemophilus influenzae type b coupled to a protein carrier: structural and temporal requirements for priming in the human infant. J Immunol. 1986; 137:1181-1186.
49. Schlesinger Y, Granoff DM, and the Vaccine Study Group. Avidity and bactericidal activity of antibody elicited by different Haemophilus influenzae type b conjugate vaccines. JAMA. 1992;267:1489-1494.
50. Peeters CAM, Evenberg D, Hoogerhout P, et al. Synthetic trimer and teramer of 3-β-D-ribose-(1→1)-D-ribitol-5-phosphate conjugated to protein induce antibody responses to Haemophilus influenzae type b capsular polysaccharide in mice and monkeys. Infect Immun. 1992;60:1826-1833.
51. Barington T, Gyhrs A, Kristensen K, Heilmann C. Opposite effects of actively and passively acquired immunity to the carrier on responses of human infants to a Haemophilus influenzae type b conjugate vaccine. Infect Immun. 1994;62:9-14.
52. Granoff DM, Holmes SJ, Beishe RB, Osterholm MT, McHugh JE, Anderson EL. Effect of carrier protein priming on antibody response to Haemophilus influenzae type b conjugate vaccines in infants. JAMA 1994;272:1116-1121.
53. Greenberg DP, Lieberman JM, Marcy SM, et al. Enhanced antibody responses in infants given different sequences of heterogeneous Haemophilus influenzae type b conjugate vaccines. J Pediatr. 1995;126:206-211.
54. Robbins JB, Schneerson R. Polysaccharide-protein conjugates: a new generation of vaccines. J Infect Dis. 1990;161:821-832.
55. Schneerson R, Levi L, Robbins JB, et al. Synthesis of a conjugate vaccine composed of pneumococcus type 14 capsular polysaccharide bound to pertussis toxin. Infect Immun. 1992;60:3528-3532.
56. Marburg S, Jorn D, Tolman RL, et al. Bimolecular chemistry of macromolecules: synthesis of bacterial polysaccharide conjugates with Neisseria meningitidis membrane protein. J Am Chem Soc. 1986;108:5282-5287.
57. Einhorn MS, Weinberg GA, Anderson EL, Granoff PD, Granoff DM. Immunogenicity in infants of Haemophilus influenzae type B polysaccharide in a conjugate vaccine with Neisseria meningitidis outer-membrane protein. Lancet. 1986;2: 299-302.
58. Adams WG, Deaver KA, Cochi SL, et al. Decline of childhood Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) disease in the Hib vaccine era. JAMA. 1993; 269:221-226.
59. Takala AK, Eskola J, Leinonen M, et al. Reduction of oropharyngeal carriage of Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) in children immunized with an Hib conjugate vaccine. J Infect Dis. 1991;164: 982-986.
60. Robbins JB, Schneerson R, Szu SC. Perspective: hypothesis: serum IgG antibody is sufficient to confer protection against infectious diseases by inactivating the inoculum. J Infect Dis. 1995;171:1387-1398.
61. Robbins JB, Chu C, Schneerson R. Hypothesis for vaccine development: protective immunity to enteric diseases caused by nontyphoidal Salmonellae and Shigellae may be conferred by serum IgG antibodies to the O-specific polysaccharide of their lipopolysaccharides. Clin Infect Dis. 1992;15:346-361.
62. Cohen D, Ashkenazi S, Green MS, et al. Protection against shigellosis by an investigational Shigella sonnei conjugate vaccine in young adults. Lancet. In press.