Mutational analysis of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) accessory genes: Requirement of a site in the nef gene for HIV-1 replication in activated CD4+ T cells in vitro and in vivo

Journal of Virology

Volumn 71, Issue 11, 1997, Pages 8456-8466

  Kawano, Yuji ^a,b   Tanaka, Yuetsu ^c   Misawa, Naoko ^a   Tanaka, Reiko ^c   Kira, Jun Ichi ^b   Kimura, Tohru ^a   Fukushi, Masaya ^a   Sano, Kouichi ^d   Goto, Toshiyuki ^d   Nakai, Masuyo ^d   Kobayashi, Takuro ^b   Yamamoto, Naoki ^a   Koyanagi, Yoshio ^a  

^a TOKYO MEDICAL AND DENTAL UNIVERSITY   (Japan)

^b KYUSHU UNIVERSITY   (Japan)

^c KITASATO UNIVERSITY   (Japan)

^d OSAKA MEDICAL COLLEGE   (Japan)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

CD4 ANTIGEN; INTERLEUKIN 12; INTERLEUKIN 2; INTERLEUKIN 4; NEF PROTEIN; PROTEIN KINASE P60; VIF PROTEIN; VPR PROTEIN;

ANIMAL CELL; ANIMAL EXPERIMENT; ANIMAL MODEL; ARTICLE; CONTROLLED STUDY; DNA SYNTHESIS; GENE MUTATION; HELPER CELL; HUMAN; HUMAN CELL; HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS 1; HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS INFECTION; MOUSE; NONHUMAN; PRIORITY JOURNAL; SCID MOUSE; T LYMPHOCYTE ACTIVATION; T LYMPHOCYTE SUBPOPULATION; VIROGENESIS; VIRUS GENE; VIRUS REPLICATION;

EID: 0030820125     PISSN: 0022538X     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1128/jvi.71.11.8456-8466.1997     Document Type: Article

References (72)

1. Adachi, A., H. E. Gendelman, S. Koenig, T. Folks, R. Willey, A. Rabson, and M. A. Martin. 1986. Production of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome-associated retrovirus in human and nonhuman cells transfected with an infectious molecular clone. J. Virol. 59:284-291.
2. Aiken, C., and D. Trono. 1995. Nef stimulates human immunodeficiency virus type 1 proviral DNA synthesis. J. Virol. 69:5048-5056.
3. Aldrovandi, G. M., and J. A. Zack. 1996. Replication and pathogenicity of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 accessory gene mutants in SCID-hu mice. J. Virol. 70:1505-1511.
4. Balliet, J. W., D. L. Kolson, G. Eiger, F. M. Kim, K. A. McGann, A. Srinivasan, and R. Collman. 1994. Distinct effects in primary macrophages and lymphocytes of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 accessory genes vpr, vpu, and nef: mutational analysis of a primary HIV-1 isolate. Virology 200:623-631.
5. 2 accumulation by a mechanism which differs from DNA damage checkpoint control. J. Virol. 70:2324-2331.
6. - mutant particles from restrictive cells: role of Vif in correct particle assembly and infectivity. J. Virol. 69: 2058-2067.
7. Braaten, D., E. K. Franke, and J. Luban. 1996. Cyclophilin A is required for an early step in the life cycle of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 before the initiation of reverse transcription. J. Virol. 70:3551-3560.
8. Bukovsky, A. A., D. Tatyana, A. Weimann, and G. G. Heinrich. 1997. Nef association with human immunodeficiency virus type 1 virions and cleavage by the viral protease. J. Virol. 71:1013-1018.
9. Chowers, M. Y., C. A. Spina, T. J. Kwoh, N. J. Fitch, D. D. Richman, and J. C. Guatelli. 1994. Optimal infectivity in vitro of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 requires an intact nef gene. J. Virol. 68:2906-2914.
10. Chowers, M. Y., M. W. Pandori, C. A. Spina, D. D. Richman, and J. C. Guatelli. 1995. The growth advantage conferred by HIV-1 rief is determined at the level of viral DNA formation and is independent of CD4 downregulation. Virology 212:451-457.
11. Collette, Y., H. Dutartre, A. Benziane, F. Ramos-Morales, R. Benarous, M. Harris, and D. Olive. 1996. Physical and functional interaction of Nef with Lck. J. Biol. Chem. 271:6333-6341.
12. - human immunodeficiency virus type 1 particles which are restricted for the preretrotranscription steps. J. Virol. 69:2068-2074.
13. Deacon, N. J., A. Tsykin, A. Solomon, K. Smith, M. Ludford-Menting, D. J. Hooker, D. A. McPhee, A. L. Greenway, A. Ellett, C. Chatfield, V. A. Lawson, S. Crowe, A. Maerz, S. Sonza, J. Learmont, J. S. Sullivan, A. Cunningham, D. Dwyer, D. Dowton, and J. Mills. 1995. Genomic structure of an attenuated quasi species of HIV-1 from a blood transfusion donor and recipients. Science 270:988-991.
14. Embretson, J., M. Zupancic, J. L. Ribas, A. Burke, P. Racz, K. Tenner-Racz, and A. T. Haase. 1993. Massive covert infection of helper T lymphocytes and macrophages by HIV during the incubation period of AIDS. Nature (London) 362:359-362.
15. + T lymphocytes. J. Virol. 66:6489-6495.
16. Gawdigk-Nitschko, K., A. Schön, G. Wachinger. V. Erfle, and B. Kohleisen. 1995. Cleavage of recombinant and cell derived human immunodeficiency virus 1 (HIV-1) Nef protein by HIV-1 protease. FEBS Lett. 357:275-278.
17. Gibbs, J. S., D. A. Regier, and R. C. Desrosiers. 1994. Construction and in vitro properties of HIV-1 mutants with deletion in "nonessential" genes. AIDS Res. Hum. Retroviruses 10:343-350.
18. Goldsmith, M. A., M. T. Warmerdam, R. E. Atchison, M. D. Miller, and W. C. Greene. 1995. Dissociation of the CD4 downregulation and viral infectivity enhancement functions of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 Nef. J. Virol. 69:4112-4121.
19. Greenway, A., A. Azad, and D. McPhee. 1995. Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 Nef protein inhibits activation pathways in peripheral blood mononuclear cells and T-cell lines. J. Virol. 69:1842-1850.
20. Greenway, A., A. Azad, J. Mills, and D. McPhee. 1996. Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 Nef binds directly to Lck and mitogen-activated protein kinase, inhibiting kinase activity. J. Virol. 70:6701-6708.
21. Gulizia, R. J., R. G. Collman, J. A. Levy, D. Trono, and D. E. Mosier. 1997. Deletion of nef shows but does not prevent CD4-positive T-cell depletion in human immunodeficiency virus type 1-infected human-PBL-SCID mice. J. Virol. 71:4161-4164.
22. cdc2 activity. J. Virol. 69:6705-6711.
23. Heinzinger, N. K., M. I. Bukinsky, S. A. Haggerty, A. M. Ragland, V. Kewalramani, M. A. Lee, H. E. Gendelman, L. Ratner. M. Stevenson, and M. Emerman. 1994. The Vpr protein of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 influences nuclear localization of viral nucleic acids in nondividing host cells. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 91:7311-7315.
24. Ho, D. D., A. U. Neumann, A. S. Perelson, W. Chen, J. M. Leonard, and M. Markowitz. 1995. Rapid turnover of plasma virions and CD4 lymphocytes in HIV-1 infection. Nature (London) 373:123-126.
25. Iafrate, A. J., S. Bronson, and J. Skowronski. 1997. Separable functions of Nef disrupt two aspects of T cell receptor machinery - CD4 expression and CD3 signaling. EMBO J. 16:673-684.
26. Jamieson, B. D., G. M. Aldrovandi, V. Planelles, J. B. Jowett, L. Gao, L. M. Bloch, I. S. Chen, and J. A. Zack. 1994. Requirement of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 nef for in vivo replication and pathogenicity. J. Virol. 68:3478-3485.
27. 2 + M phase of the cell cycle. J. Virol. 69:6304-6313.
28. Kestler, H. W., III, D. J. Ringler, M. Kazuyasu, D. L. Panicali, P. K. Sehgal, M. D. Daniel, and R. C. Desrosiers. 1991. Importance of the nef gene for maintenance of high virus loads and for development of AIDS. Cell 65:651-662.
29. Kirchhoff, R., T. C. Greenough, D. B. Brettler, J. L. Sullivan, and R. C. Desrosiers. 1995. Absence of intact nef sequence in a long-term survivor with nonprogressive HIV-1 infection. N. Engl. J. Med. 332:228-232.
30. Kovacs, J. A., M. Baseler, R. J. Dewar, S. Vogel, R. T. Davey, Jr., J. Falloon, M. A. Polis, R. E. Walker, R. Stevens, N. P. Salzman, J. A. Metcalf, H. Masur, and H. G. Lane. 1995. Increases in CD4 T lymphocytes with intermittent courses of interleukin-2 in patients with human immunodeficiency virus infection. A preliminary study. N. Engl. J. Med. 332:567-575.
31. Koyanagi, Y., S. Miles, R. T. Milsuyasu, J. E. Merrill, H. V. Vinters, and I. S. Y. Chen. 1987. Dual infection of the central nervous system by AIDS viruses with distinct cellular tropisms. Science 236:819-822.
32. Koyanagi, Y., Y. Tanaka, J. Kira, M. Ito, K. Hioki, N. Misawa, Y. Kawano, K. Yamasaki, R. Tanaka, Y. Suzuki, Y. Ueyama, E. Terada, T. Tanaka, M. Miyasaka, T. Kobayashi, Y. Kumazawa, and N. Yamamoto. 1997. Primary human immunodeficiency virus type 1 viremia and central nervous system invasion in a novel hu-PBL-immunodeficiency mouse strain. J. Virol. 71: 2417-2424.
33. Luria, S., I. Chambers, and P. Berg. 1991. Expression of the type 1 human immunodeficiency virus Net protein in T cells prevents antigen receptor-mediated induction of interleukin 2 mRNA. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 88:5326-5330.
34. Maruta, H., J. Holden, A. Sizeland, and G. D'Abaco. 1991. The residues of Ras and rap proteins that determine their GAP specificities. J. Biol. Chem. 266:11661-11668.
35. Masuda, T., V. Planelles, P. Krogstad, and I. S. Y. Chen. 1995. Genetic analysis of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 integrase and the U3 att site: unusual phenotype of mutants in the zinc finger-like domain. J. Virol. 69:6687-6696.
36. Michael, N. L., G. Chang, L. A. d'Arcy, P. K. Ehrenberg, R. Mariani. M. P. Busch, D. L. Birx, and D. H. Schwartz. 1995. Defective accessory genes in a human immunodeficiency virus type 1-infected long-term survivor lacking recoverable virus. J. Virol. 69:4228-4236.
37. Miller, M. D., M. T. Warmerdam, I. Gaston, W. C. Greene, and M. B. Feinberg. 1994. The human immunodeficiency virus-1 nef gene product: a positive factor for viral infection and replication in primary lymphocytes and macrophages. J. Exp. Med. 179:101-113.
38. Miller, M. D., M. T. Warmerdam, K. A. Page, M. B. Feinberg, and W. C. Greene. 1995. Expression of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) nef gene during HIV-1 production increases progeny particle infectivity independently of gp160 or viral entry. J. Virol. 69:579-584.
39. Mosier, D. E., R. J. Gulizia, S. M. Baird, D. B. Wilson, D. H. Spector, and S. A. Spector. 1991. Human immunodeficiency virus infection of human-PBL-SCID mice. Science 251:791-794.
40. + T cells in human-PBL-Scid-mice by noncytopathic HIV isolates. Science 260:689-692.
41. Nunn, M. F., and J. W. Marsh. 1996. Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 Nef associates with a member of the p21-activated kinase family. J. Virol. 70:6157-6161.
42. O'Brien, W. A., K. Govit-Ferbas, A. Namazi, S. Ovcak-Derzic, H. J. Wang, J. Park, C. Yeramian, S. H. Mao, and J. A. Zack. 1995. Human immunodeficiency virus-type 1 replication can be increased in peripheral blood of sero-positive patients after influenza vaccination. Blood. 86:1082-1089.
43. Pandori, M. W., N. J. Fitch, H. M. Craig, D. D. Richman, C. A. Spina, and J. C. Guatelli. 1996. Producer-cell modification of human immunodeficiency virus type 1: Nef is a virion protein. J. Virol. 70:4283-4290.
44. Pantaleo, G., C. Graziosi, J. F. Demarest, L. Butini, M. Montroni, C. H. Fox, J. M. Orenstein, D. P. Kotler, and A. S. Fauci. 1993. HIV infection is active and progressive in lymphoid tissue during the clinically latent stage of disease. Nature (London) 362:355-358.
45. Perelson, A. S., A. U. Neumann, M. Markowitz, J. M. Leonard, and D. D. Ho. 1996. HIV-1 dynamics in vivo: virion clearance rate, infected cell life-span, and viral generation time. Science 271:1582-1586.
46. Piatak, M., Jr., M. S. Saag, L. C. Yang, S. J. Clark, J. C. Kappes, K. C. Luk, B. H. Hahn, G. M. Shaw, and J. D. Lifson. 1993. High levels of HIV-1 in plasma during all stages of infection determined by competitive PCR. Science 259:1749-1754.
47. Planelles, V., F. Bachelerie, J. B. Jowett, A. Haislip, Y. Xie, P. Banooni, T. Masuda, and I. S. Chen. 1995. Fate of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 provirus in infected cells: a role for vpr. J. Virol. 69:5883-5889.
48. Rizza, P., S. M. Santini, M. Logozzi, C. Lapenta, P. Sestili, G. Gherardi, R. Lande, M. Spada, S. Parlato, F. Belarelli, and S. Fais. 1996. T-cell dysfunctions in hu-PBL-SCID mice infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) shortly after reconstitution: in vivo effects of HIV on highly activated human immune cells. J. Virol. 70:7958-7964.
49. Rogel, M. E., L. I. Wu, and M. Emerman. 1995. The human immunodeficiency virus type 1 vpr gene prevents cell proliferation during chronic infection. J. Virol. 69:882-888.
50. Saksela, K., G. Cheng, and D. Baltimore. 1995. Proline-rich (PxxP) motifs in HIV-1 Nef bind to SH3 domains of a subset of Src kinases and are required for the enhanced growth of Nef+ viruses but not for down-regulation of CD4. EMBO J. 14:484-491.
51. Sawai, E. T., A. S. Baur, B. M. Peterlin, J. A. Levy, and C. Cheng-Mayer. 1994. Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 Nef associates with a cellular serine kinase in T lymphocytes. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 91:1539-1543.
52. Sawai, E. T., A. S. Baur, B. M. Peterlin, J. A. Levy, and C. Cheng-Mayer. 1995. A conserved domain and membrane targeting of Nef from HIV and SIV are required for association with a cellular serine kinase activity. J. Biol. Chem. 270:15307-15314.
53. Schorr, J., R. Kellner, O. Fackler, J. Freund, J. Konvalinka, N. Kienzle, H. G. Kräusslich, N. Mueller-Lantzsch, and H. R. Kalbitzer. 1996. Specific cleavage sites of Nef proteins from human immunodeficiency virus types 1 and 2 for the viral proteases. J. Virol. 70:9051-9054.
54. Schuitemaker, H., N. A. Kootstra, R. E. de Goede, F. de Wolf, F. Miedema, and M. Tersmette. 1991. Monocytotropic human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) variants detectable in all stages ot HIV-1 infection lack T-cell line tropism and syncytium-inducing ability in primary T-cell culture. J. Virol. 65:356-363.
55. Schwartz, O., V. Marechal, O. Danos, and J. M. Heard. 1995. Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 Nef increases the efficiency of reverse transcription in the infected cell. J. Virol. 69:4053-4059.
56. Skowronski, J., D. Parks, and R. Mariani. 1993. Altered T cell activation and development in transgenic mice expressing the HIV-1 nef gene. EMBO J. 12:703-713.
57. Shugars, D. C., M. S. Smith, D. H. Glueck, P. V. Nantermet, F. Seillier-Moiseiwitsch, and R. Swanstrom. 1993. Analysis of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 nef gene sequences present in vivo. J. Virol. 67:4639-6450.
58. Simon, J. H. M., R. A. M. Fouchier, and M. H. Malim. 1996. The human immunodeficiency virus type 1 Vif protein modulates the postpenetration stability of viral nucleoprotein complexes. J. Virol. 70:5297-5305.
59. Smith, B. L., B. W. Krushelnycky, D. Mochly-Rosen, and P. Berg. 1996. The HIV nef protein associates with protein kinase C theta. J. Biol. Chem. 271:16753-16757.
60. Sova, P., and D. J. Volsky. 1993. Efficiency of viral DNA synthesis during infection of permissive and nonpermissive cells with vif-negative human immunodeficiency virus type 1. J. Virol. 67:6322-6326.
61. Spina, C. A., T. J. Kwoh, M. Y. Chowers, J. C. Guatelli, and D. D. Richman. 1994. The importance of nef in the induction of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 replication from primary quiescent CD4 lymphocytes. J. Exp. Med. 179:115-123.
62. Staprans, S. I., B. L. Hamilton, S. E. Follansbee, T. Elbeik, P. Barbosa, R. M. Grant, and M. B. Feinberg. 1995. Activation of virus replication after vaccination of HIV-1-infected individuals. J. Exp. Med. 182:1727-1737.
63. Stevenson, M., T. L. Stanwick, M. P. Dempsey, and C. A. Lamonica. 1990 HIV-1 replication is controlled at the level of T cell activation and proviral integration. EMBO J. 9:1551-1560.
64. + type 1 helper T cells with macrophage-tropic human immunodeficiency virus type 1. J. Virol. 71:465-470.
65. Tanaka, Y., et al. Unpublished data.
66. Tary-Lehmann, M., A. Saxon, and P. V. Lehmann. 1995. The human immune system in hu-PBL-SCID mice. Immunol. Today 16:529-533.
67. von Scherdler, U., J. Song, C. Aiken, and D. Trono. 1993. vif is critical for human immunodeficiency virus type 1 proviral DNA synthesis in infected cells. J. Virol. 67:4945-4455.
68. Wei, X., S. K. Ghosh, M. E. Taylor, V. A. Johnson, E. A. Emini, P. Deutsch, J. D. Lifson, S. Bonhoeffer, M. A. Nowak, B. H. Hahn, M. S. Saag, and G. M. Shaw. 1995. Viral dynamics in human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infection. Nature (London). 373:117-122.
69. Welker, R., H. Kottler, H. R. Kalbitzer, and H. G. Kräusslich. 1996. Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 Nef protein is incorporated into virus particles and specifically cleaved by the viral proteinase. Virology 219:228-236.
70. Wiskerchen, M., and C. Cheng-Mayer. 1996. HIV-1 Nef association with cellular serine kinase correlates with enhanced virion infectivity and efficient proviral DNA synthesis. Virology 224:292-301.
71. Zack, J. A., S. J. Arrigo, S. R. Weitsman, A. S. Go, A. Haislip, and I. S. Y. Chen. 1990. HIV-1 entry into quiescent primary lymphocytes: molecular analysis reveals a labile, latent viral structure. Cell 61:213-222.
72. Zhu, T., H. Mo, N. Wang, D. S. Nam, Y. Cao, R. A. Koup, and D. D. Ho. 1993. Genotypic and phenotypic characterization of HIV-1 patients with primary infection. Science 261:1179-1181.