DNA structure-dependent checkpoints in model systems

Biological Chemistry

Volumn 378, Issue 11, 1997, Pages 1267-1274

  Bentley, Nicola J ^a   Carr, Antony M ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF SUSSEX   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

Ataxia telangiectasia; DNA damage; MEC1; Rad3

Indexed keywords

CELL PROTEIN;

ANIMAL CELL; ATAXIA TELANGIECTASIA; CELL CYCLE; DNA DAMAGE; DNA REPLICATION; DNA STRUCTURE; EUKARYOTIC CELL; GENE MUTATION; GENE STRUCTURE; GENETIC CONSERVATION; HUMAN; HUMAN CELL; MAMMAL CELL; MITOSIS; NONHUMAN; PRIORITY JOURNAL; RADIATION INJURY; REVIEW; SIGNAL DETECTION; SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION; ULTRAVIOLET IRRADIATION; YEAST;

ADENOSINE TRIPHOSPHATASES; ANIMALS; CELL CYCLE PROTEINS; DNA; DNA DAMAGE; DNA HELICASES; DNA REPLICATION; DNA-BINDING PROTEINS; HUMANS; MODELS, BIOLOGICAL; NUCLEIC ACID CONFORMATION; PROTEIN-SERINE-THREONINE KINASES; PROTEINS; SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION; TUMOR SUPPRESSOR PROTEINS;

ANIMALIA; ATAXIA; ATAXIA TELANGIECTASIA; EUKARYOTA; MAMMALIA;

EID: 0030668559     PISSN: 14316730     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: None     Document Type: Review

References (85)

1. Al-Khodairy, F., and Carr, A.M. (1992). DNA repair mutants defining G2 checkpoint pathways in Schizosaccharomyces pombe. EMBO Journal 11, 1343-1350.
2. Al-Khodairy, F., Fotou, E., Sheldrick, K.S., Griffiths, D.J.F., Lehmann, A.R., and Carr, A.M. (1994). Identification and characterisation of new elements involved in checkpoints and feedback controls in fission yeast. Molecular Biology of the Cell 5, 147-160.
3. Allen, J.B., Zhou, Z., Siede, W., Friedberg, E.C., and Elledge, S.J. (1994). The SAD1/RAD53 protein kinase controls multiple checkpoints and DNA damage-induced transcription in yeast. Genes and Development 8, 2401-2415.
4. Araki, H., Leem, S.-H., Phongdara, A., and Sugino, A. (1995). Dpb11, which interacts with DNA polymerase II (∈) in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, has a dual role in S phase progression and at a cell cycle checkpoint. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 92, 11791-11795.
5. Barbet, N.C., and Carr, A.M. (1993). Fission yeast weel protein kinase is not required for DNA damage-dependent mitotic arrest. Nature 364, 824-827.
6. Bentley, N.J., Holtzman, D.A., Flaggs, G., Keegan, K.S., DeMaggio, A., Ford, J.C., Hoekstra, M., and Carr, A.M. (1996). The S. pombe rad3 checkpoint gene. EMBO Journal 15, 6641-6651.
7. Bridges, B.A., and Harnden, D.G. (eds) (1982). Ataxia Telangiectasia. A Cellular and Molecular Link between Breast Cancer, Neuropathology and Immune Deficiency. (New York: Wiley and Sons).
8. Brush, G.S., Morrow, D.M., Hieter, P., and Kelly, T.J. (1996). The ATM homologue MEC1 is required for phosphorylation of replication protein A in yeast. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 93, 15075-15080.
9. Cafferkey, R., Young, P.R., McLaughlin, M.M., Bergsma, D.J., Koltin, Y., Sathe, G.M., Faucette, L., Eng, W.-K., Johnson, R.K., and Livi, G.P. (1993). Dominant missense mutations in a novel yeast protein related to mammalian phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinase and VPS34 abrogate rapamycin cytotoxicity. Molecular and Cellular Biology 13, 6012-6023.
10. Carr, A.M. (1995). DNA structure checkpoints in fission yeast. Seminars in Cell Biology 6, 65-72.
11. Carr, A.M. (1996). Checkpoints take the next step. Science 271, 314-315.
12. sp DNA structure checkpoint pathway. Current Opinion in Genetics and Development 7, 93-98.
13. Carr, A.M., and Hoekstra, M.F. (1995). The cellular responses to DNA damage. Trends in Cell Biology 5, 32-40.
14. Cimprich, K.A., Shin, T.B., Keith, C.T., and Schreiber, S.L. (1996). cDNA cloning and gene mapping of a candidate human cell cycle checkpoint protein. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 93, 2850-2855.
15. Cox, L.S., and Lane, D.P. (1995). Tumour suppressors, kinases and clamps: how p53 regulates the cell cycle in response to DNA damage. BioEssays 17, 501-508.
16. D'Urso, G., Grallert, B., and Nurse, P. (1995). DNA polymerase alpha, a component of the replication initiation complex, is essential for the checkpoint coupling S phase to mitosis in fission yeast. Journal of Cell Science 108, 3109-3118.
17. El-Deiry, W.S., Tokino, T., Velculescu, V.E., Levy, D.B., Parsons, R., Trent, J.M., Lin, D., Mercer, W.E., Kinzler, K.W., and Vogelstein, B. (1993). WAF1, a potential mediator of p53 tumor suppression. Cell 75, 817-825.
18. Enoch, T., and Nurse, P. (1990). Mutation of fission yeast cell cycle control genes abolishes dependence of mitosis on DNA replication. Cell 60, 665-673.
19. Enoch, T., and Nurse, P. (1991). Coupling M phase and S phase: Control maintaining the dependence of mitosis on chromosome replication. Cell 65, 921-923.
20. Enoch, T., Carr, A.M., and Nurse, P. (1992). Fission yeast genes involved in coupling mitosis to completion of DNA replication. Genes and Development 6, 2035-2046.
21. Fernandez-Sarabia, M.J., McInerny, C., Harris, P., Gordon, C., and Fantes, P. (1993). The cell cycle genes cdc22+ and suc22+ of fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe encode the large and small subunits of ribonucleotide reductase. Molecular and General Genetics 238, 241-251.
22. Ford, J.C., Al-Khodairy, F., Fotou, E., Sheldrick, K.S., Griffiths, D.J.F., and Carr, A.M. (1994). 14-3-3 protein homologs required for the DNA damage checkpoint in fission yeast. Science 265, 533-535.
23. Francesconi, S., De Recondo, A.M., Baldacci, G. (1995). DNA polymerase delta is required for the replication feedback control of cell cycle progression in Schizosaccharomyces pombe. Molecular and General Genetics 246, 561-569.
24. Garvik, B., Carson, M., Hartwell, L. (1995). Single-stranded DNA arising at telomeres in cdc13 mutants may constitute a specific signal for the RAD9 checkpoint. Molecular and Cellular Biology 15, 6128-6138.
25. Greenwell, P.W., Kronmal, S.L., Porter, S.E., Gassenhuber, J., Obermaier, B., and Petes, T.D. (1995). TEL1, a gene involved in controlling telomere length in S. cerevisiae, is homologous to the human ataxia telangiectasia gene. Cell 82, 823-829.
26. Griffiths, D.J.F., Barbet, N.C., McCready, S., Lehmann, A.R., and Carr, A.M. (1995). Fission yeast rad17: a homologue of budding yeast RAD24 that shares regions of sequence similarity with DNA polymerase accessory proteins. EMBO Journal 14, 5812-5823.
27. Hari, K.L., Santerre, A., Sekelsky, J.J., McKim, K.S., Boyd, J.B., and Hawley, R.S. (1995). The mei-41 gene of D. melanogaster is a structural and functional homolog of the human ataxia telangiectasia gene. Cell 82, 815-821.
28. Harper, J.W., Adami, G.R., Wei, N., Keyomarsi, K., and Elledge, S.J. (1993). The p21 Cdk-interacting protein Cip1 is a potent inhibitor of G1 cyclin-dependent kinases. Cell 75, 805-816.
29. Hartley, K.O., Gell, D., Smith, G.C.M., Zhang, H., Divecha, N., Connelly, M.A., Admon, A., Lees-Miller, S.P., Anderson, C.W., and Jackson, S.P. (1995). DNA-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit: a relative of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase and the ataxia telangiectasia gene product. Cell 82, 849-856.
30. Hartwell, L.H., and Kastan, M.B. (1994). Cell cycle control and cancer. Science 266, 1821-1828.
31. Hartwell, L.H., and Weinert, T.A. (1989). Checkpoints: controls that ensure the order of cell cycle events. Science 246, 629-634.
32. Kastan, M.B., Onyekewere, O., Sidransky, D., Vogelstein, B., and Craig, R.W. (1991). Participation of p53 protein in the cellular response to DNA damage. Cancer Research 51, 6304-6311.
33. Kastan, M.B., Zhan, Q., El-Deiry, W.S., Carrier, F., Jacks, T., Walsh, W.V., Plunkett, B.S., Vogelstein, B., and Fornace, A.J. (1992). A mammalian cell cycle checkpoint pathway utilizing p53 and GADD45 is defective in ataxia-telangiectasia. Cell 71, 587-597.
34. Kato, R., and Ogawa, H. (1994). An essential gene, ESR1, is required for mitotic cell growth, DNA repair and meiotic recombination in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Nucleic Acids Research 22, 3104-3112.
35. Keegan, K.S., Holtzman, D.A., Plug, A.W., Christenson, E.R., Brainerd, E.E., Flaggs, G., Bentley, N.J., Taylor, E.M., Meyn, M.S., Moss, S.B., Carr, A.M., Ashley, T., and Hoekstra, M.F. (1996). The Atr and Atm protein-kinases associate with different sites along meiotically pairing chromosomes. Genes and Development 10, 2423-2437.
36. Kelly, T.J., Martin, G.S., Forsburg, S.L., Stephen, R.J., Russo, A., and Nurse, P. (1993). The fission yeast cdc18+ gene product couples S phase to start and mitosis. Cell 74, 371-382.
37. Khanna, K., Beamish, H., Yan, J., Hobson, K., Williams, R., Dunn, I., and Lavin, M.F. (1995). Nature of G1/S cell cylcle checkpoint defect in ataxia-telangiectasia. Oncogene 11, 609-618.
38. Kharbanda, S., Saleem, A., Datta, R., Yuan, Z.M., Weicheselbaum, R., and Kufe, D. (1994). Ionizing radiation induces rapid tyrosine phosphorylation of p34cdc2. Cancer Research 54, 1412-1414.
39. Kumagai, A., and Dunphy, W.G. (1995). Control of the Cdc2/ cyclin B complex in Xenopus egg extracts arrested at a G2/M checkpoint with DNA synthesis inhibitors. Molecular Biology of the Cell 6, 199-213.
40. Larner, J.M., Lee, H., and Hamlin, J.L. (1994). Radiation effects on DNA synthesis in a defined chromosomal replicon. Molecular and Cellular Biology 14, 1901-1908.
41. Lieberman, H.B., Hopkins, K.M., Nass, M., Demetrick, D., and Davey, S. (1996). A human homologue of the Schizosaccharomyces pombe rad9+ checkpoint control gene. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 93, 13890-13895.
42. 1-3 telomeric DNA-binding protein in vitro that affects telomere behaviour in vivo. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 93, 13760-13765.
43. Longhese, M.P., Levani, P.P., and Lucchini, G. (1994). Replication factor A is required in vivo for DNA replication, repair and recombination. Molecular and Cellular Biology 14, 7884-7890.
44. Lu, X., and Lane, D.P. (1993). Differential induction of transcriptionally active p53 following UV or ionizing radiation: defects in chromosome instability syndromes? Cell 75, 765-778.
45. Lundgren, K., Walworth, R., Booher, M., Dembski, M., Kirschner, M., and Beach, D. (1991). mik1 and wee1 cooperate in the inhibitory tyrosine phosphorylation of cdc2. Cell 64, 1111-1122.
46. Lydall, D., Nikolsky, Y., Bishop, D.K., and Weinert, T. (1996). A meiotic recombination checkpoint controlled by mitotic checkpoint genes. Nature 383, 840-843.
47. Lydall, D., and Weinert, T. (1995). Yeast checkpoint genes in DNA damage processing: Implications for repair and arrest. Science 270, 1488-1491.
48. Marini, F., Pellicioli, A., Paciotti, V., Lucchini, G., Plevani, P., Stern, D.F, and Foiani, M. (1997). A role for DNA primase in coupling DNA replication to DNA damage response. EMBO Journal 16, 639-650.
49. McGowan, C.H., and Russell, P. (1995). Cell cycle regulation of human WEE1. EMBO Journal 14, 2166-2175.
50. Morrow, D.M., Tagle, D.A., Shiloh, Y., Collins, F.S., and Hieter, P. (1995). TEL1, an S. cerevisiae homologue of the human gene mutated in Ataxia telangiectasia, is functionally related to the yeast checkpoint gene MEC1. Cell 82, 831-840.
51. Mueller, P.R., Coleman, T.R., and Dunphy, W.G. (1995). Cell cycle regulation of a Xenopus Wee1-like kinase. Molecular and Cellular Biology 6, 119-134.
52. Murakami, H., and Okayama, H. (1995). A kinase from fission yeast responsible for blocking mitosis in S phase. Nature 374, 817-819.
53. Murray, A.W. (1995). The genetics of cell cycle checkpoints. Curr. Opin. Genet. Dev. 5, 5-11.
54. Navas, T.A., Zhou, Z., and Elledge, S.J. (1995). DNA polymerase ∈ links the DNA replication machinery to the S phase checkpoint. Cell 80, 29-39.
55. Nurse, P. (1990). Universal control mechanism regulating onset of M-phase. Nature 344, 503-507.
56. 2 DNA damage checkpoint inhibiting cdc2 by Y15 phosphorylation. EMBO Journal 16, 545-554.
57. Osmani, A.H., O'Donnell, K., Pu, R.T., and Osmani, S.A. (1991). Activation of the nimA protein kinase plays a unique role during mitosis that cannot be bypassed by the absence of the bimE checkpoint. EMBO J. 9, 2669-2679.
58. Painter, R.B., and Young, B.R. (1980). Radiosensitivity in ataxia-telangiectasia: A new explanation. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 77, 7315-7317.
59. Paulovich, A.G., and Hartwell, L.H. (1995). A checkpoint regulates the rate of progression through S phase in S. cerevisiae in response to DNA damage. Cell 82, 841-847.
60. Rhind, N., Furnari, B., and Russell, P. (1997). Cdc2 tyrosine phosphorylation is required for the DNA damage checkpoint in fission yeast. Genes and Development 11, 504-511.
61. Rowley, R., Subramani, S., and Young, P.G. (1992). Checkpoint controls in Schizosaccharomyces pombe: rad1 EMBO J. 11, 1335-1342.
62. Sabatini, D.M., Erdjument-Bromage, H., Lui, M., Tempst, P., and Snyder, S.H. (1994). RAFT1: a mammalian protein that binds to FKBP12 in a rapamycin-dependent fashion and is homologous to yeast TORs. Cell 78, 35-43.
63. Saka, Y., and Yanagida, M. (1993). Fission yeast cut5, required for S phase onset and M phase restraint, is identical to the radiation-damage repair gene rad4+. Cell 74, 383-393.
64. Sanchez, Y., Desany, B.A., Jones, W.J., Liu, Q., Wang, B., and Elledge, S.J. (1996). Regulation of RAD53 by the ATM-like Kinases MEC1 and TEL1 in Yeast Cell Cycle Checkpoint Pathways. Science 271, 357-360.
65. Savitsky, K., Bar-Shira, A., Gilad, S., Rotman, G., Ziv, Y., Vanagaite, L., and Tagle, D.A., et al. (1995). A single ataxia telangiectasia gene with a product similar to PI3-kinase. Science 268, 1749-1753.
66. Sheldrick, K.S., and Carr, A.M. (1993). Feedback controls and G2 checkpoints: fission yeast as a model system. BioEssays 15, 775-782.
67. Sipiczki, M. (1989). Taxonomy and phylogenesis. In: Molecular Biology of Fission Yeast. A. Nasim, P. Young and B.F. Johnson, (eds) (New York: Academic Press), pp. 431-448.
68. cdc2. Cell 68, 787-797.
69. cdc28. Nature 355, 365-368.
70. Sun, Z., Fay, D.S., Marini, F., Foiani, M., and Stern, D.F. (1996). Spk1/Rad53 is regulated by Mec1-dependent protein phosphorylation in DNA replication and damage checkpoint pathways. Genes Dev. 10, 395-406.
71. Taylor, E.M., McFarlane, R.J., and Price, C. (1996). 5-Azacytidine treatment of the fission yeast leads to cytotoxicity and cell cycle arrest. Molecular and General Genetics 253, 128-137.
72. Thacker, J. (1994). Cellular radiosensitivity in ataxia-telangiectasia. Intern. J. O. Radiat. Biol. 66, S87-S96.
73. Thelen, M.P., Onel, K., and Holloman, W.K. (1994). The REC1 gene of Ustilago maydis involved in the cellular response to DNA damage encodes an exonuclease. J. Biol. Chem. 269, 747-754.
74. Walworth, N., and Bernards, R. (1996). rad-dependent responses of the chk1-encoded protein kinase at the DNA damage checkpoint. Science 271, 353-356.
75. Walworth, N., Davey, S., and Beach, D. (1993). Fission yeast chk1 protein kinase links the rad checkpoint pathway to cdc2. Nature 363, 368-371.
76. Weinert, T.A., and Hartwell, L.H. (1988). The RAD9 gene controls the cell cycle response to DNA damage in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Science 241, 317-322.
77. Weinert, T.A., and Hartwell, L.H. (1993). Cell cycle arrest of cdc mutants and specificity of the RAD9 checkpoint. Genetics 134, 63-80.
78. Weinert, T.A., Kiser, G.L., and Hartwell, L.H. (1994). Mitotic checkpoint genes in budding yeast and the dependence of mitosis on DNA replication and repair. Genes and Development 8, 652-665.
79. Weiss, E., and Winey, M. (1996). The Saccharomyces cerevisiae spindle pole body duplication gene MPS1 is part of a mitotic checkpoint. Journal of Cell Biology 132, 111-123.
80. Winey, M., Goetsch, L., Baum, P., and Byers, B. (1991). MPS1 and MPS2: novel yeast genes defining distinct steps of spindele pole body duplication. J. Cell. Biol. 114, 745-754.
81. Xu, Y., Ashley, T., Brainerd, E.E., Bronson, R.T., Meyn, M.S., and Baltimore, D. (1996). Targeted disruption of ATM leads to growth retardation, chromosomal fragmentation during meiosis, immune defects and thymic lymphomas. Genes and Development. 10, 2411-2422.
82. Yamamoto, A., Guacci, V., and Koshland, D. (1996). Pds1p, an inhibitor of anaphase in budding yeast, plays a critical role in the APC and checkpoint pathway(s). J. Cell Biol. 133, 99-110.
83. cdc2, inhibit NIMA and prevent premature mitosis. EMBO J. 15, 3599-3610.
84. cdc2 in Aspergillus nidulans. EMBO J. 16, 182-192.
85. Zhou, Z., and Elledge, S.J. (1993). DUN1 encodes a protein kinase that controls the DNA damage response in yeast. Cell 75, 1119-1127.