5-Azacytidine treatment of the fission yeast leads to cytotoxicity and cell cycle arrest

Molecular and General Genetics

Volumn 253, Issue 1-2, 1996, Pages 128-137

  Taylor, E M ^a,b   McFarlane, R J ^a   Price, C ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF SHEFFIELD   (United Kingdom)

^b UNIVERSITY OF SUSSEX   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

5 azacytidine; Checkpoint controls; DNA methylation; Fission yeast

Indexed keywords

AZACITIDINE; FUNGAL DNA;

ARTICLE; CONTROLLED STUDY; CYTOTOXICITY; DNA DAMAGE; DNA METHYLATION; DNA REPLICATION; FUNGUS MUTANT; MITOSIS INHIBITION; NONHUMAN; PRIORITY JOURNAL; SCHIZOSACCHAROMYCES POMBE; TRANSCRIPTION REGULATION;

AZACITIDINE; CELL CYCLE; COLONY COUNT, MICROBIAL; DNA DAMAGE; DNA REPLICATION; DNA, FUNGAL; G2 PHASE; MITOSIS; SCHIZOSACCHAROMYCES; TEMPERATURE; TRANSCRIPTION, GENETIC;

FUNGI; SCHIZOSACCHAROMYCES POMBE;

EID: 0029907663     PISSN: 00268925     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1007/s004380050305     Document Type: Article

References (55)

1. Al-Khodairy F, Carr AM (1992) DNA repair mutants defining G2 checkpoint pathways in Schizosaccharomyces pombe. EMBO J 11:1343-1350
2. Al-Khodairy F, Fotou E, Sheldrick KS, Griffiths DJF, Lehmann AR, Carr AM (1994) Identification and characterisation of new elements involved in checkpoint and feedback controls in fission yeast. Mol Biol Cell 5:147-160
3. Antequera F, Tamame M, Villanueva JR, Santos T (1984) DNA methylation in the fungi. J Biol Chem 259: 8033-8036
4. Bhagwat AS, Roberts RJ (1987) Genetic analysis of the 5-azacytidine sensitivity of Escherichia coli K-12. J Bacteriol 169: 1537-1546
5. Bird A (1992) The essentials of DNA methylation. Cell 70:5-8
6. + protein kinase. EMBO J 6:3341-3447
7. Cedar H (1988) DNA methylation and gene activity. Cell 53:3-4
8. Christman JK, Schneiderman N, Acs G (1985) Formation of higly stable complexes between 5-azacytidine substituted DNA and specific non-histone nuclear proteins. J Biol Chem 260:4059-4068
9. Creusot F, Acs G, Christman JK (1982) Inhibition of DNA methyltransferase and induction of Friend erythroleukemic cell differentiation by 5-azacytidine and 5-aza-2-deoxycytidine. J Biol Chem 257:2041-2048
10. Domdey H, Apostol B, Lin R, Newman A, Brody F, Abelson J (1984) Lariat structures are in vivo intermediates in yeast pre-mRNA splicing. Cell 56:611-621
11. Enoch T, Nurse P (1990) Mutation of fission yeast cell cycle control genes abolishes dependence of mitosis on DNA replication. Cell 60:665-673
12. Enoch T, Carr AM, Nurse P (1992) Fission yeast genes involved in coupling mitosis to completion of DNA replication. Genes Dev 6:2035-2046
13. Fantes PA (1981) Isolation of cell size mutants of a fission yeast by a new selective method: Characterisation of mutants and implications for division control mechanisms. J Bacteriol 146: 746-754
14. + of the fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe encode the large and small subunits of ribonuclease reductase. Mol Gen Genet 238: 241-251
15. Forsburg SL, Nurse P (1991) Cell cycle regulation in the yeasts Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Schizosaccharomyces pombe. Ann Rev Cell Biol 7:227-256
16. + protein kinase regulates entry into mitosis. Nature 342:39-45
17. Gutz H, Heslot H, Leupold U, Loprieno N (1974) Schizosaccharomyces pombe. In: King RC (ed) Handbook of Genetics vol 1. Plenum Press, New York, pp
18. Hartwell LH (1992) Defects in a cell cycle checkpoint may be responsible for the genomic instability of cancer cells. Cell 71 :543-546
19. Hartwell LH, Weinert TA (1989) Checkpoints: controls that ensure the order of cell cycle events. Science 246:629-634
20. Hirano T, Funahashi S, Uemura T, Yanagida M (1986) Isolation and characterisation of Schizosaccharomyces pombe cut mutants that block nuclear entry but not cytokinesis. EMBO J. 5:2973-2979
21. Hiraoka Y, Toda T, Yanagida M (1984) The NDA3 gene of fission yeast encodes β-tubulin. A cold sensitive nda3 mutation reversibly blocks spindle formation and chromosome movement in mitosis. Cell 39:349-358
22. Jones PA (1985) Altering gene expression with 5-azacytidine. Cell 40:485-486
23. Jones PA, Buckley JD (1990) The role of DNA methylation in cancer. Adv Cancer Res 54: 1-23
24. Jones PA, Taylor SM (1980) Cellular differentiation, cytidine analogues and DNA methylation. Cell 20:85-93
25. Jutterman R, Li E, Jaenisch R (1994) Toxicity of 5-aza-2′-deoxycytidine to mammalian cells is mediated primarily by covalent trapping of DNA methyltransferase rather than DNA demethylation. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 91:11797-11801
26. Kastan MB, Zhan Q, El-Deiry WS, Carrier F, Jacks T, Walsh WV, Plunkett BS, Vogelstein B, Fornace AJ Jr (1992) A mammalian cell cycle checkpoint pathway utilizing p53 and GADD45 is defective in ataxia telangiectasia. Cell 71:587-597
27. Lowe SW, Ruley HE, Jacks T, Housman DE (1993) p53-Dependent apotosis modulates the cytotoxicity of anticancer agents. Cell 74:957-967
28. Lundgren K, Walworth N, Booher R, Dembski M, Kirschner M, Beach D (1991) mik1 and weel cooperate in the inhibitory tyrosine phosphorylation of cdc2. Cell:1111-1122
29. Magill JM, Magill CW (1989) DNA methylation in fungi. Dev Genet 10:63-69
30. Mitchison JM (1974), Sequences, pathways and timers in cell cycle. In: Padilla GM, Cameron IL, Zimmerman A (eds) Cell Cycle Controls. Academic Press, New York, pp 125-142
31. Moreno S, Klar A, Nurse P (1991) Molecular genetic analysis of fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe. Methods Enzymo 194:795-823
32. Murakami T, Li X, Gong J, Bhatia U, Traganos F, Darzynkiewicz Z (1995) Induction of apoptosis by 5-azacytinde: drug concentration-dependent differences in cell cycle specificity. Cancer Res 55:3093-3098
33. Nasim A, Smith BP (1974) Genetic control of radiation sensitivity in Schizosaccharomyces pombe. Genetics 79:573-582
34. Nurse P (1990) Universal control mechanism regulating onset of mitosis. Nature 344:503-508
35. Painter RB Young BR (1980) Radiosensitivity in ataxia-telangiectasia. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 77:7315-7317
36. Parrow VC, Alestrom P, Gautvik KM (1989) 5-Azacytidine induced alterations in the GH12C1 cells: effects on cellular morphology, chromosome structure, DNA and protein synthesis. J Cell Sci 93:533-543
37. Pinto A, Zagonel V (1993) 5-aza-2′-deoxycytidine (Decitabine) and 5-azacytidine in the treatment of Acute Myeloid Leukemias and Myelodysplastic Syndromes: past, present and future trends. Leukemia 7: Suppl Monograph 1:51-60
38. Price C, Nasmyth KA, Schuster T (1991) A general approach to the isolation of cell cycle-regulated genes in the budding yeast, Saccharomyces cerevisiae. J Mol Biol 218:543-556
39. Proffitt JH, Davie JR, Swinton D, Hattman S (1984). 5-Methyl-cytosine is not detectable in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Mol Cell Biol 4:985-987
40. Rowley R, Subramani S, Young PG (1992) Checkpoint controls in Schizosaccharomyces pombe: rad1. EMBO J 11:1335-1342
41. + functions as an inducer in the mitotic control of fission yeast. Cell 45:145-153
42. +, a gene encoding a protein kinase homologue. Cell 49:559-567
43. Santi DV, Norment A, Garrett CE (1984) Covalent bond formation between a DNA-cytosine methyltransferase and DNA containing 5-azacytosine. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 81:6993-6997
44. Sazer S, Sherwood S (1990) Mitochondrial growth and DNA synthesis occur in the absence of nuclear DNA replication in fission yeast. J Cell Sci 97:509-516
45. Sheldrick KS, Carr AM (1993) Feedback controls and G2 checkpoints: fission yeast as a model system. BioEssays 15:775-782
46. + of fission yeast encodes a protein kinase regulated by phosphorylation. Cell 45:261-268
47. Simpson VJ, Johnson TE, Hammen RF (1986) Caenorhabditis elegans DNA does not contain 5-methylcytosine at any time during development or aging. Nucleic Acids Res 14:6711-6719
48. Taylor SM (1993) 5-aza-2′-deoxycytidine: cell differentiation and DNA methylation. Leukemia 7; Suppl Monograph 1:3-8
49. Taylor SM, Jones PA (1979) Multiple new phenotypes induced in 10T1/2 and 3T cells treated with 5-azacytidine. Cell 17:771-779
50. Urieli-Shoval S, Gruenbaum Y, Sedat J, Razin A (1982) The absence of detectable methylated bases in Drosophila melanogaster DNA. FEBS Lett 146:148-152
51. Walworth N, Davey S, Beach D (1993) Fission yeast chkl protein kinase links the rad checkpoint pathway to cdc2. Nature 363:368-371
52. Weinert TA, Hartwell LH, (1988) The RAD9 gene controls the cell cycle response top DNA damage in Saccharomyces cerevisiae Science 241:317-322
53. Weinert TA, Kiser G, Hartwell LH (1994) Mitotic checkpoint genes in budding yeast and the dependence of mitosis on DNA replication and repair. Genes Dev 8:652-665
54. + encodes a DNA methyltransferase homologue. Nucleic Acids Res 23:203-210
55. Wilson VL, Jones PA, Monparler RL. (1983). Inhibition of DNA methylation in L1210 leukemia cells by 5-aza-2′-deoxycytidine as a possible mechanism of chemotherapeutic action. Cancer Res. 43:3493-3496