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1
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Four reviews on sol-gel catalysts have been published respectively covering: entrapped transition metals
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Lu, Z.; Lindner, E.; Mayer, H, A. Chem. Rev., 2002 102, 3543. Four reviews on sol-gel catalysts have been published respectively covering: entrapped transition metals.
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Chem. Rev.
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Lu, Z.1
Lindner, E.2
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mixed oxides
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Blum, J.; Avnir, D.; Schumann, H. Chemtech, 1999, 29 (2), 32; mixed oxides.
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Chemtech.
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Blum, J.1
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0142192497
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(July), on-line article accessible on the world wide web at the URL www.ilb2b.it/chim_indus/science_technology.asp?ricerca=8 (last time accessed: June 21, 2004)
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Predieri, G.; Cauzzi, D. La Chimica e l'Industria, 2000 (July), on-line article accessible on the world wide web at the URL: www.ilb2b.it/chim_indus/science_technology.asp?ricerca=8 (last time accessed: June 21, 2004).
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la Chimica E L'Industria
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Predieri, G.1
Cauzzi, D.2
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6
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Metal alkoxides gelate much more rapidly than the corresponding metal hydroxides or oxyacids
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Avnir, D.; Levy, D.; Reisfeld, R. J. Phys. Chem., 1984, 88, 5956. Metal alkoxides gelate much more rapidly than the corresponding metal hydroxides or oxyacids.
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J. Phys. Chem.
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Avnir, D.1
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8
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A particularly well written review is found in
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A particularly well written review is found in: Avnir, D.; Klein, L.; Levy, D.; Schubert, U.; Wojcik, A. B. In The Chemistry of organosilicon compounds.
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The Chemistry of Organosilicon Compounds
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Avnir, D.1
Klein, L.2
Levy, D.3
Schubert, U.4
Wojcik, A.B.5
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9
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85197357463
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Ed.s; John Wiley & Sons: New York, The study of L. Sheppard July 2002 available from Electronics.ca Publications (California) at the URL www.electronics.ca/reports/materials/GB114U.html (last access on July 27, 2004), surveys the markets and technologies of sol gel materials and their applications, including catalysis, with market projections for each industry segment until the year 2006
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Rappoport, Z.; Apeloig, Y., Ed.s; John Wiley & Sons: New York, 1998, Vol. 2, pp. 19-63. The study of L. Sheppard Sol Gel Processing of Ceramics and Glass Research Report, July 2002, available from Electronics.ca Publications (California) at the URL: www.electronics.ca/reports/materials/GB114U.html (last access on July 27, 2004), surveys the markets and technologies of sol gel materials and their applications, including catalysis, with market projections for each industry segment until the year 2006.
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(1998)
Sol Gel Processing of Ceramics and Glass Research Report
, vol.2
, pp. 19-63
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Rappoport, Z.1
Apeloig, Y.2
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10
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85197356072
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A search on the STN website (www.stn-international.de) using the phrase "sol-gel" AND "material" yields 22,640 total hits in CAplus and INSPEC databases, of which 4510 answers (ca. 20%) are due to "sol-gel" AND "catalyst"
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A search on the STN website (www.stn-international.de) using the phrase "sol-gel" AND "material" yields 22,640 total hits in CAplus and INSPEC databases, of which 4510 answers (ca. 20%) are due to "sol-gel" AND "catalyst".
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11
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0037953119
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For a recent representative example, see
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For a recent representative example, see: Tang, Y.; Tehan, E.C.; Tao, Z.; Bright, F.V. Anal. Chem., 2003, 75, 2407.
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(2003)
Anal. Chem.
, vol.75
, pp. 2407
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Tang, Y.1
Tehan, E.C.2
Tao, Z.3
Bright, F.V.4
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12
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9444278103
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Buschow, K. H. J.; Cahn, R. W.; Flemings, M. C.; Ilschner, B.; Kramer E. J.; Mahajan, S. Eds, Elsevier Science B.V.: Amsterdam
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Levy, D. In The Encyclopedia of Materials: Science and Technology, Buschow, K. H. J.; Cahn, R. W.; Flemings, M. C.; Ilschner, B.; Kramer, E. J.; Mahajan, S. Eds, Elsevier Science B.V.: Amsterdam, 2001, Vol. 7, pp. 6449-6452.
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(2001)
The Encyclopedia of Materials: Science and Technology
, vol.7
, pp. 6449-6452
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Levy, D.1
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13
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85197340684
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the U.S. company Hybrid Glass Technologies Ltd. produces stable liquid ormosils as oligomeric precursors for UV curable inorganic-organic glass: Such ormogels exhibit superior adhesion to silica glass and perform as water corrosion resistant and mechanically strong coatings for plastic, glass, metallic or ceramic surfaces
-
the U.S. company Hybrid Glass Technologies Ltd. produces stable liquid ormosils as oligomeric precursors for UV curable inorganic-organic glass: Such ormogels exhibit superior adhesion to silica glass and perform as water corrosion resistant and mechanically strong coatings for plastic, glass, metallic or ceramic surfaces.
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15
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85009853920
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As representative example of a commercial sol-gel biotechnology, see
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As representative example of a commercial sol-gel biotechnology, see: Carturan, G.; Dal Monte, R.; Muraca, M. Mater. Res. Soc. Symp. Proc., 2000, 628, CC10.1.1-CC10.1.15.
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Mater. Res. Soc. Symp. Proc.
, vol.628
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Carturan, G.1
Dal Monte, R.2
Muraca, M.3
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16
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0032641563
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As representative example, see
-
As representative example, see: Shacham, R.; Avnir, D.; Mandler, D. Adv. Mater., 1999, 11, 384.
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(1999)
Adv. Mater.
, vol.11
, pp. 384
-
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Shacham, R.1
Avnir, D.2
Mandler, D.3
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17
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2442701784
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For a recent representative example, see
-
For a recent representative example, see: Hodgson, R.; Chen, Y.; Zhang, Z.; Tleugabulova, D.; Long, H.; Zhao, X.; Organ, M. G.; Brook, M. A.; Brennan, J. D. Anal. Chem., 2004, 76, 2780.
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(2004)
Anal. Chem.
, vol.76
, pp. 2780
-
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Hodgson, R.1
Chen, Y.2
Zhang, Z.3
Tleugabulova, D.4
Long, H.5
Zhao, X.6
Organ, M.G.7
Brook, M.A.8
Brennan, J.D.9
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18
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85197359486
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The Israeli company Sol-Gel Technologies Ltd. produces silica-entrapped sunscreen chemicals sold under exclusive to Merck which in its turn supplies this new generation of UV absorbers with the trademark "Eusolex® UV-Pearls" to the top-class manufacturers of solar creams
-
The Israeli company Sol-Gel Technologies Ltd. produces silica-entrapped sunscreen chemicals sold under exclusive to Merck which in its turn supplies this new generation of UV absorbers with the trademark "Eusolex® UV-Pearls" to the top-class manufacturers of solar creams.
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-
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20
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0003762220
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an highly readable, brief textbook is: Gordon and Breach Science Publishers: Amsterdam, while an update on the emerging fields can be found in
-
an highly readable, brief textbook is: Wright, J. D.; Sommerdijk, N.A.J.M. Sol-Gel Materials: Chemistry and Applications, Gordon and Breach Science Publishers: Amsterdam, 2001; while an update on the emerging fields can be found in
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(2001)
Sol-Gel Materials: Chemistry and Applications
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Wright, J.D.1
Sommerdijk, N.A.J.M.2
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21
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11244252080
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Lopez, T. M.; Avnir, D.; Aegerter, M. Eds.; Kluwer Academic: Boston
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Emerging Fields in Sol-Gel Science and Technology, Lopez, T. M.; Avnir, D.; Aegerter, M. Eds.; Kluwer Academic: Boston, 2003.
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Emerging Fields in Sol-Gel Science and Technology
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Catal. Today
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24
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Combinatorial methods dramatically speed up discovery of drugs and suitable catalysts, crucially reducing time to market in an industry driven by product innovation. A fast screening of heterogeneous catalysts for activity was recently introduced in: a) and plenty of combinatorial applications rapidly followed as discussed in
-
Combinatorial methods dramatically speed up discovery of drugs and suitable catalysts, crucially reducing time to market in an industry driven by product innovation. A fast screening of heterogeneous catalysts for activity was recently introduced in: a) Senkan, S. M. Nature, 1998, 394, 350; and plenty of combinatorial applications rapidly followed as discussed in:
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Nature
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Senkan, S.M.1
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Ley, S. V.; Baxendale, I. R.; Bream, R. N.; Jackson, P. S.; Leach, A. G.; Longbottom, D. A.; Nesi, M.; Scott, J. S.; Storer, R. I.; Taylor, S. J. J. Chem. Soc., Perkin Trans. 1, 2000, 23, 3815.
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Ley, S.V.1
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For two recent thorough reviews, see: a)
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For two recent thorough reviews, see: a) Benaglia, M.; Puglisi, A.; Cozzi, F. Chem. Rev., 2003, 103, 3401.
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Clapham, B.; Reger, T. S.; Janda, K. D. Tetrahedron, 2001, 57, 4637.
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Tetrahedron
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28
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0141645560
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This concept is analogous to the Fisher's "key-in-the-lock" idea which explains the selectivity of enzymatic reactions, and has a general validity in heterogeneous catalysis as recently shown in
-
This concept is analogous to the Fisher's "key-in-the-lock" idea which explains the selectivity of enzymatic reactions, and has a general validity in heterogeneous catalysis as recently shown in: Jones, M. D.; Raja, R.; Thomas, J. M.; Johnson, B. F. G.; Lewis, D. W.; Rouzaud, J.; Harris, K. D. M. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed., 2003, 42, 4326.
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Jones, M.D.1
Raja, R.2
Thomas, J.M.3
Johnson, B.F.G.4
Lewis, D.W.5
Rouzaud, J.6
Harris, K.D.M.7
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29
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See for instance: and the references cited therein
-
See for instance: Lopez, T.; Hernandez-Ventura, J.; Gomez, R.; Tzompantzi, F.; Sanchez, E.; Bokhimi, X.; Garcia, A. J. Mol. Catal., A: Chem., 2001, 167, 101, and the references cited therein.
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0037603537
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Mixed zirconia-based oxides, for instance, dramatically increase the efficiency of automotive catalytic converters for the abatment of pollutants and are being developed by the Ford Motor Company: (Inorganic Materials Synthesis)
-
Mixed zirconia-based oxides, for instance, dramatically increase the efficiency of automotive catalytic converters for the abatment of pollutants and are being developed by the Ford Motor Company: Narula, C. K. ACS Symposium Series, 1999, 727 (Inorganic Materials Synthesis), 144.
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ACS Symposium Series
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Narula, C.K.1
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85197345473
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Several functionalized silica gels are commercialized by the Canadian company Silicycle Inc. Doped silica gels in fact offer several technical advantages over well-known organic resins being solvent-independent (rigid porous structure and no swelling), no non-specific binding (high yield) and with an high density of functional groups (small volume of gel required). Silica works in all solvents (organic and aqueous), is easy to weigh and handle, mechanically stable, and prone to scale-up. See also the URL: www.silicycle.com
-
Several functionalized silica gels are commercialized by the Canadian company Silicycle Inc. Doped silica gels in fact offer several technical advantages over well-known organic resins being solvent-independent (rigid porous structure and no swelling), no non-specific binding (high yield) and with an high density of functional groups (small volume of gel required). Silica works in all solvents (organic and aqueous), is easy to weigh and handle, mechanically stable, and prone to scale-up. See also the URL: www.silicycle.com.
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Heterogenization adds value: For comparison, TPAP (0.3 mmol/g) supported over a polymer is sold by Aldrich at 206 EUR per gram while unsupported sells at 164 EUR/g (as of June 2004)
-
Ciriminna, R.; Pagliaro, M. Chem. Eur. J., 2003, 9, 5067. Heterogenization adds value: For comparison, TPAP (0.3 mmol/g) supported over a polymer is sold by Aldrich at 206 EUR per gram while unsupported sells at 164 EUR/g (as of June 2004).
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Chem. Eur. J.
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As of May 2004, silica-supported TEMPO is the reagent of the month of the company Silicycle. This mild selective oxidant cleanly converts primary alcohols into aldehydes and secondary alcohols into ketones mixing 1 equiv of alcohol with 5 equiv of freshly activate Si-Tempo in anhydrous DCM. Silica-bound TEMPO is easier to activate and is more reactive than similar polystryene bound TEMPO available for instance from Aldrich
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Fey, T.; Fischer, H.; Bachmann, S.; Albert, K.; Bolm, C. J. Org. Chem., 2001, 66, 8154. As of May 2004, silica-supported TEMPO is the reagent of the month of the company Silicycle. This mild selective oxidant cleanly converts primary alcohols into aldehydes and secondary alcohols into ketones mixing 1 equiv of alcohol with 5 equiv of freshly activate Si-Tempo in anhydrous DCM. Silica-bound TEMPO is easier to activate and is more reactive than similar polystryene bound TEMPO available for instance from Aldrich.
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lipases catalyse not only the hydrolysis but also the synthesis of long-chain acylglycerols. Important uses in biotechnology include their addition to detergents, the manufacture of food ingredients, pitch control in the pulp and paper industry, and biocatalysis of stereoselective transformations
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Cartel practices are all too common in the chemicals industry, as shown for instance by the European Commission (EC) has fined five companies a total of 138 million euro for their involvement in a sorbates cartel (Chemical Market Reporter, October 6, 2003). Concerning sol-gels, in the last years the price of silicon alkoxides in Europe was kept artificially high so that companies producing sol-gel started to produce TEOS by themselves (Carturan, G. personal communication)
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Cartel practices are all too common in the chemicals industry, as shown for instance by the European Commission (EC) has fined five companies a total of 138 million euro for their involvement in a sorbates cartel (Chemical Market Reporter, October 6, 2003). Concerning sol-gels, in the last years the price of silicon alkoxides in Europe was kept artificially high so that companies producing sol-gel started to produce TEOS by themselves (Carturan, G. personal communication).
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This allows the kinetic control of the reaction and since July 2002 the British fine chemicals manufacturer Thomas Swan & Co. Ltd. produces a host of fine chemicals with striking selectivity (and purity) in the first multipurpose plant for heterogeneously catalyzed productions in the world, See also at the URL: www.thomas-swan.co.uk
-
This allows the kinetic control of the reaction and since July 2002 the British fine chemicals manufacturer Thomas Swan & Co. Ltd. produces a host of fine chemicals with striking selectivity (and purity) in the first multipurpose plant for heterogeneously catalyzed productions in the world, See also at the URL: www.thomas-swan.co.uk.
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See the Avecia press release of January 16, at the URL: www.avecia.com (last time accessed July 27, 2004)
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