Impact of boundary layer processes on simulated tropical rainfall

Journal of Climate

Volumn 17, Issue 20, 2004, Pages 4023-4044

  Byun, Young Hwa ^a   Hong, Song You ^a  

^a Yonsei University   (South Korea)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

BOUNDARY LAYERS; COMPUTER SIMULATION; HEAT CONVECTION; MATHEMATICAL MODELS; MOISTURE; PRECIPITATION (METEOROLOGY); TROPICS;

BOUNDARY LAYER (BL) PROCESSES; MEDIUM-RANGE FORECAST (MRF) MODEL; NATIONAL CENTERS FOR ENVIRONMENTAL PREDICTION (NCEP);

RAIN;

ATMOSPHERE-OCEAN SYSTEM; BOUNDARY LAYER; EL NINO; LA NINA; RAINFALL; TROPICAL METEOROLOGY; WALKER CIRCULATION;

OCEANIC REGIONS; PACIFIC OCEAN; PACIFIC OCEAN (EQUATORIAL); WORLD;

EID: 8744248156     PISSN: 08948755     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1175/1520-0442(2004)017<4032:ioblpo>2.0.co;2     Document Type: Article

References (40)

1. Arakawa, A., and W. H. Schubert, 1974: Interaction of a cumulus ensemble with the large-scale environment. Part I. J. Atmos. Sci., 31, 674-704.
2. Basu, S., G. R. Iyengar, and A. K. Mitra, 2002: Impact of a nonlocal closure scheme in a simulation of a monsoon system over India. Mon. Wea. Rev., 130, 161-170.
3. Braun, S. A., and W.-K. Tao, 2000: Sensitivity of high-resolution simulations of Hurricane Bob (1991) to planetary boundary layer parameterizations. Mon. Wea. Rev., 128, 3941-3961.
4. Bright, D. R., and S. L. Mullen, 2002: The sensitivity of the numerical simulation of the southwest monsoon boundary layer to the choice of PBL turbulence parameterization in MM5. Wea. Forecasting, 17, 99-114.
5. Caplan, P., J. Derber, W. Gemmill, S.-Y. Hong, H.-L. Pan, and D. Parrish, 1997: Changes to the 1995 NCEP operational medium-range forecast model analysis-forecast system. Wea. Forecasting, 12 581-594.
6. Davis, C., and L. F. Bosart, 2002: Numerical simulations of the genesis of Hurricane Diana (1984). Part II: Sensitivity of track and intensity prediction. Mon. Wea. Rev., 130, 1100-1124.
7. Folkins, I., and C. Braun, 2003: Tropical rainfall and boundary layer moist entropy. J. Climate, 16, 1807-1820.
8. Gates, W. L., and Coauthors, 1999: An overview of the results of the atmospheric model intercomparison project (AMIP I). Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc., 80, 29-55.
9. Giorgi, F., M. R. Marinucci, and G. T. Bates, 1993: Development of a second-generation regional climate model (RegCM2). Part I: Boundary-layer and radiative transfer processes. Mon. Wea. Rev., 121, 2794-2813.
10. Grell, G. A., 1993: Prognostic evaluation of assumptions used by cumulus parameterization. Mon. Wea. Rev., 121, 764-787.
11. Holtslag, A. A. M., and B. A. Bouville, 1993: Local versus nonlocal boundary-layer diffusion in a global climate model. J. Climate, 6, 1825-1842.
12. Holtslag, A. E. I. F. de Bruijn, and H.-L. Pan, 1990: A high resolution air mass transformation model for short-range weather forecasting. Mon. Wea. Rev., 118, 1561-1575.
13. Hong, S.-Y., and H.-L. Pan, 1996: Nonlocal boundary layer vertical diffusion in a medium-range forecast model. Mon. Wea. Rev. 124, 2322-2339.
14. Hong, S.-Y., and H.-L. Pan, 1998: Convective trigger function for a mass flux cumulus parameterization scheme. Mon. Wea. Rev., 126, 2599-2620.
15. Hong, S.-Y., J. Dudhia, and Y. Noh, 2003: A new vertical diffusion package with explicit treatment of the entrainment processes. Proc. Int. Workshop on NWP Models for Heavy Precipitation in Asia and Pacific Areas, Tokyo, Japan, Japan Meteorological Agency, 52-58.
16. Kalnay, E., and Coauthors, 1996: The NCEP/NCAR 40-Year Re-analysis Project. Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc., 77, 437-471.
17. Kanamitsu, M., 1989: Description of the NMC global data assimilation and forecast system. Wea. Forecasting, 4, 335-342.
18. Kanamitsu, M., and Coauthors, 1991: Recent changes implemented into the global forecast system at NMC. Wea. Forecasting 6, 425-435.
19. Kanamitsu, M., and Coauthors, 2002a: NCEP Dynamical seasonal forecast system 2000. Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc., 83, 1019-1037.
20. Kanamitus, M., W. Ebisuzaki, J. Woollen, S.-K. Yang, J. J. Hnilo, M. Fiorino, and G. L. Potter, 2002b: NCEP-DOE AMIP-II reanalysis (R-2). Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc., 83, 1631-1643.
21. Kang, I.-S., and Coauthors, 2002a: Intercomparison of atmospheric GCM simulated anomalies associated with the 1997/98 El Niño. J. Climate, 15, 2791-2805.
22. Kang, I.-S., and Coauthors, 2002b: Intercomparison of the climatological variations of Asian summer monsoon precipitation simulated by 10 GCMs. Climate Dyn., 19, 383-395.
23. Kumar, A., M. Hoerling, M. Ji, A. Leetmaa, and P. Sardeshmukh, 1996: Assessing a GCM's suitability for making seasonal predictions. J. Climate, 9, 115-129.
24. Louis, J.-F., 1979: A parametric model of vertical eddy fluxes in the atmosphere. Bound.-Layer Meteor., 17, 187-202.
25. Martin, G. M., M. R. Bush, A. R. Brown, A. P. Lock, and R. N. B. Smith, 2000: A new boundary layer mixing scheme. Part II: Tests in climate and mesoscale models. Mon. Wea. Rev., 128, 3200-3217.
26. Mass, C. F., D. Ovens, K. Westrick, and B. Colle, 2002: Does increasing horizontal resolution produce more skillful forecasts? Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc., 83, 407-430.
27. Moorthi, S., and M. Suarez, 1992: Relaxed Arakawa-Schubert: A parameterization of moist convection for general circulation models. Mon. Wea. Rev., 120, 978-1002.
28. Noh, Y., W. G. Chun, S. Y. Hong, and S. Raasch, 2003: Improvement of the K-profile model for the planetary boundary layer based on large eddy simulation data. Bound.-Layer Meteor., 107, 401-427.
29. Pan, H.-L., and L. Mahrt, 1987: Interaction between soil hydrology and boundary layer developments. Bound.-Layer Meteor., 38, 185-202.
30. Pan, H.-L., and W.-S. Wu, 1995: Implementing a mass flux convective parameterization package for the NMC medium-range forecast model. NMC Office Note 409, 40 pp. [Available from NCEP/EMC, 5200 Auth Road, Camp Springs, MD 20746.]
31. Reynolds, R. W., and T. M. Smith, 1994: Improved global sea surface temperature analyses using optimum interpolation. J. Climate 7, 929-948.
32. Sela, J., 1980: Spectral modeling at the National Meteorological Center. Mon. Wea. Rev., 108, 1279-1292.
33. Shukla, J., and Coauthors, 2000: Dynamic seasonal prediction. Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc., 81, 2593-2606.
34. Sperber, K. R., and T. N. Palmer, 1996: Interannual tropical rainfall variability in general circulation model simulations associated with the Atmospheric Model Intercomparison Project. J. Climate, 9, 2727-2750.
35. Stevens, B., 2000: Quasi-steady analysis of a PBL model with an eddy-diffusivity profile and nonlocal fluxes. Mon. Wea. Rev., 128, 824-836.
36. Sud, Y. C., W. C. Chao, and G. K. Walker, 1992: Role of a cumulus parameterization scheme in simulating atmospheric circulation and rainfall in the nine-layer Goddard Laboratory for Atmospheres General Circulation Model. Mon. Wea. Rev., 120, 594-611.
37. Troen, I. W., and L. Mahrt, 1986: A simple model of the atmospheric boundary layer: Sensitivity to surface evaporation. Bound.-Layer Meteor., 37, 129-148.
38. Xie, P., and P. A. Arkin, 1997: Global precipitation: A 17-year monthly analysis based on gauge observations, satellite estimates, and numerical model prediction. Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc. 78, 2539-2558.
39. Yu, J.-Y., C. Chou, and J. D. Neelin, 1998: Estimating the gross moist stability of the tropical atmosphere. J. Atmos. Sci., 55, 1354-1372.
40. Zhang, G. J., J. T. Kiehl, and P. J. Rasch, 1998: Response of climate simulation to a new convective parameterization in the National Center for Atmospheric Research Community Climate Model (CCM3). J. Climate, 11, 2097-2115.