REMITTANCES, GENDER AND DEVELOPMENT: Albania's Society and Economy in Transition

Remittances, Gender and Development: Albania's Society and Economy in Transition

Volumn , Issue , 2011, Pages 1-232

  Vullnetari, Julie ^a   King, Russell ^a,b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF SUSSEX   (United Kingdom)

^b University of Sussex ^*  (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 85187861145     PISSN: None     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book    
DOI: None     Document Type: Book

References (395)

1. Abazi, E. and Mema, M. (2007) The Potentials of Remittances for Income Generating Activities Leading to Local Economic Development in Albania. The Case of Durres. Tirana: IOM and ILO.
2. Abdi, C.M. (2006) Diasporic Lives and Threatened Identities: Gender Struggles of Somalis in America. Brighton: University of Sussex, DPhil thesis in Sociology.
3. Acosta, P. (2007) Entrepreneurship, labor markets and international remittances: evidence from El Salvador, in Koc, O. and Schiff, M. (eds) International Migration Policy and Economic Development: Studies across the Globe. Washington DC: World Bank, 141-59.
4. ACPS (2002) An Annotated Compendium Relating to the Albanian Legislation, State Structure, and Policy on Emigration Since 1990. Tirana: Albanian Centre for Parliamentary Studies.
5. Adams, R. (2006) Remittances and Poverty in Ghana. Washington DC: World Bank Policy Research Working Paper 3838.
6. Adams, R. and Page, J. (2003) International Migration, Remittances and Poverty in Developing Countries. Washington DC: World Bank Policy Research Working Paper 3179.
7. Afsar, R. (2005) Bangladesh: internal migration and pro-poor policy. Paper presented to the Regional Conference on Migration and Development in Asia, Lanzhou, China, 14-16 March 2005.
8. Afsar, R. (2003) Internal migration and the development nexus: the case of Bangladesh. Paper presented to the Regional Conference on Migration, Development and Pro-Poor Policy Choices in Asia, Dhaka, Bangladesh, 22-24 June 2003.
9. Agarwal, R. and Horowitz, A.W. (2002) Are international remittances altruism or insurance? Evidence from Guyana using multiple-migrant households, World Development, 30(11): 2033-44.
10. Ammassari, S. and Black, R. (2001) Harnessing the Potential of Migration and Return to Promote Development. Applying Concepts to West Africa. Geneva: IOM Migration Research Series Paper 5.
11. Amnesty International (2006) Albania: Violence Against Women in the Family, Ifs Not Her Shame’. London: Amnesty International.
12. Amuedo-Dorantes, C. and Pozo, S. (2006) Migration, remittances, and male and female employment patterns, American Economic Review, 96(2): 222-26.
13. Anderson, B. (2000) Doing the Dirty Work? The Global Politics of Domestic Labour. London: Zed Books.
14. Anderson, B., Ruhs, M., Rogaly, B. and Spencer, S. (2006) Fair Enough? Central and East European Migrants in Low-Wage Employment in the UK. Oxford: University of Oxford, COMPAS.
15. Appleyard, R. (1992) International migration and development: an unresolved relationship, International Migration, 30(3-4): 251-66.
16. Appleyard, R. (1989) Migration and development: myths and realities, International Migration Review, 23(3): 486-99.
17. Arrehag, L., Sjoberg, O. and Sjoblom, M. (2005) Cross-border migration and remittances in a post-communist society: return flows of money and goods in Kor^e district, Albania, South Eastern Europe Journal of Economics, 3(1): 9-40.
18. Azzarri, C. and Carletto, C. (2009) Modelling migration dynamics in Albania: a hazard function approach, Southeast European and Black Sea Studies, 9(4): 407-33.
19. Backer, B. (1983) Mother, sister, daughter, wife: the pillars of traditional Albanian patriarchal society, in Utas, B. (ed.) Women in Islamic Societies: Social Attitudes and Historical Perspectives. London: Curzon, 48-65.
20. Baily, S. (1992) The village outward approach to the study of social networks: a case study of the Agnonesi diaspora abroad, Studi Emigrazione, 29(105): 43-67.
21. Bakewell, O. (2010) Some reflections on structure and agency in migration theory, Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies, 36(10): 1689-1708.
22. Baldassar, L. (2007) Transnational families and aged care: the mobility of care and the migrancy of ageing, Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies, 33(2): 275-97.
23. Baldassar, L., Wilding, R. and Baldock, C. (2007) Long-distance care-giving: transnational families and the provision of aged care, in Paoletti, I. (ed.) Family Caregiving for Older Disabled People: Relational and Institutional Issues. New York: Nova Science Publishers, 201-27.
24. Baldock, C. (2003) Long-distance migrants and family support: a Dutch case-study, Health Sociology Review, 12(1): 45-54.
25. Baldwin-Edwards, M. (2004a) Statistical Data on Immigrants in Greece. An Analytic Study of Available Data and Recommendations for Conformity with European Union Standards. Athens: Mediterranean Migration Observatory.
26. Baldwin-Edwards, M. (2004b) Albanian emigration and the Greek labour market: economic symbiosis and social ambiguity, South-East Europe Review, 7(1): 51-66.
27. Baldwin-Edwards, M. and Apostolatou, K. (2009) Greece, in Fassmann, H., Reeger, U. and Sievers, W. (eds) Statistics and Reality: Concepts and Measurements of Migration in Europe. Amsterdam: Amsterdam University Press, 233-62.
28. Baldwin-Edwards, M. and Kolios, N. (2008) Immigrants in Greece: Characteristics and Issues of Regional Distribution. Athens: ISTAME.
29. Balliu, Q. (2007) Enhancing the Impact of Migrant Remittances in Albania by Creating an Integrated Migrant Remittances System. Study on Remittances for Potential Local Economic Development in Vlora Region. Tirana: IOM and ILO
30. Barjaba, K (2000) Contemporary patterns in Albanian emigration, South-East Europe Review, 3(2): 57-64.
31. Barjaba, K. and King, R. (2005) Introducing and theorising Albanian migration, in King, R., Mai, N. and Schwandner-Sievers, S. (eds) The New Albanian Migration. Brighton: Sussex Academic Press, 1-28.
32. Belba, A. (2005) Roli i pozites gjeografike ne zhvillimin ekonomik te rajonit te Kor^es (The role of geographic location in the economic development of the Kor^e region), Studime Gjeografike, 15: 86-94.
33. Bezhani, M. (2001) Women Entrepreneurs in Albania. Geneva: ILO, SEED [Small Enterprise Development] Working Paper 29.
34. Bitzenis, A. and Nito, E. (2006) Lack of financial intermediaries as a decisive barrier to entrepreneurship in Albania, South Eastern Europe Journal of Economics, 4(1): 95-114.
35. Bjeren, G. (1997) Gender and reproduction, in Hammar, T., Brochmann, G., Tamas, K. and Faist, T. (eds) International Migration, Immobility and Development: Multidisciplinary Perspectives. Oxford: Berg, 219-46.
36. Black, R. (2009) Making Migration Work for Development. Brighton: University of Sussex Development Research Centre on Migration, Globalisation and Poverty.
37. Black, R., Jones, L., Pantiru, M.C., Sabates-Wheeler, R., Skeldon, R. and Vathi, Z. (2007) Understanding Migration as a Driver of Poverty Reduction in Europe and Central Asia. Brighton: University of Sussex, Development Research Centre on Migration, Globalisation and Poverty, Working Paper C9.
38. BoA (2010a) Balance of Payments Bulletin 2009. Tirana: Bank of Albania.
39. BoA (2010b) Annual Report 2009. Tirana: Bank of Albania.
40. BoA (2009) Annual Report 2008. Tirana: Bank of Albania.
41. BoA (2008) Annual Report 2007. Tirana: Bank of Albania.
42. Bonifazi, C. (2007) L’Immigracone Straniera in Italia. Bologna: il Mulino.
43. Bonifazi, C. and Sabatino, D. (2003) Albanian migration to Italy: what official data and survey results can reveal, Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies, 29(6): 96795.
44. Boserup, E. (1970) Woman’s Role in Economic Development. New York: St. Martin’s Press.
45. Bourdieu, P. (1985) The forms of capital, in Richardson, J. (ed.) Handbook of Theory and Research for the Sociology of Education. New York: Greenwood, 241-58.
46. Brunnbauer, U. (2000) From equality without democracy to democracy without equality? Women and transition in South-East Europe, South-East Europe Review, 3(3): 151-68.
47. Cai, Q. (2003) Migrant remittances and family ties: a case study in China, International Journal of Population Geography, 9(6): 471-83.
48. Campani, G. (2000) Immigrant women in southern Europe: social exclusion, domestic work and prostitution in Italy, in King, R., Lazaridis, G. and Tsardanidis, C. (eds) Eldorado or Fortress? Migration in Southern Europe. London: Macmillan, 145-69.
49. Campani, G. (1995) Women migrants: from marginal subjects to social actors, in Cohen, R. (ed.) The Cambridge Survey of World Migration. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 546-50.
50. Caritas/Migrantes (2009) Immigra%ione Dossier Statistico 2009. Rome: Edizioni Idos.
51. Carletto, G., Davis, B., Stampini, M. and Zezza, A. (2006) A country on the move: international migration in post-communist Albania, International Migration Review., 40(4): 767-85.
52. Carletto, G., Davis, B., Stampini, M., Trento, S. and Zezza, A. (2004) Internal Mobility and International Migration in Albania. Rome: FAO, ESA Working Paper 13.
53. Carling, J. (2008a) Integrating remittances: more questions for deeper insight and better policies, in Castles, S. and Delgado Wise, R. (eds) Migration and Development: Perspectives from the South. Geneva: IOM, 43-64.
54. Carling, J. (2008b) The determinants of migrant remittances, Oxford Review of Economic Policy, 24(3): 582-99.
55. Carver, R. (1999) The Accursed Mountains. Journeys in Albania. London: Flamingo.
56. Cassarino, J.P. (2004) Theorising return migration: the conceptual approach to return migration revisited, International Journal of Multicultural Societies, 6(2): 25379.
57. Castaldo, A. and Reilly, B. (2007) Do migrant remittances affect the consumption patterns of Albanian households?, South Eastern Europe Journal of Economics, 1(1): 25-54.
58. Castles, S. (2010) Theories of migration and societal change, Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies, 36(10): 1565-86.
59. Castles, S. and Delgado Wise, R. (eds) (2008) Migration and Development: Perspectives from the South. Geneva: IOM.
60. Castles, S. and Miller, M. (2003) The Age of Migration. Basingstoke: Palgrave-Macmillan (3rd edition).
61. Cavounidis, J. (2006) Labour market impact of migration: employment structures and the case of Greece, International Migration Review, 40(3): 635-60.
62. Cavounidis, J. (2004) Migration to Greece from the Balkans, South Eastern Europe Journal of Economics, 2(1): 35-59.
63. Cerase, F. (1974) Expectations and reality: a case study of return migration from the United States to Southern Italy, International Migration Review, 8(2): 245-62.
64. Chaloff, J. (2008) Albania and Italy Migration Policies and their Development Relevance. A Survey of Innovative and ‘Development-Friendly’ Practices in Albania and Italy. Rome: CeSPI Working Paper 51.
65. Chant, S. (ed.) (1992) Gender and Migration in Developing Countries. London: Belhaven Press.
66. Chiodi, L. and Devole, R. (2005) Albanian migrants in Italy and the struggle for recognition in the transnational public sphere, in Chiodi, L. (ed.) The Borders of the Polity. Migration and Security Across the EU and the Balkans. Ravenna: Longo Editore, 169-208.
67. Cohen, J. (2010) Oaxacan migration and remittances as they relate to Mexican migration patterns, Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies, 36(1): 149-61.
68. Cohen, R. (ed.) (1995) The Cambridge Survey of World Migration. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
69. Colleo, A.L. and Perrelli Branca, M.C. (2008) Fostering the social dimension of the migration-development nexus in Albania: concrete orientations. Bologna: NOMISMA -Association for Economic Studies S.P.A. Report for the MIGRAVALUE EC-funded project.
70. Conway, D. and Cohen, J. (1998) Consequences of migration and remittances for Mexican transnational communities, Economic Geography, 74(1): 26-44.
71. Curran, S. and Saguy, A.C. (2001) Migration and cultural change: a role for gender and social networks, Journal of International Women’s Studies, 2(3): 54-77.
72. Dabalen, A. and Miluka, J. (2010) Who is bearing the burden? Exploring the role of Albanian international migration on education, East European Economics, 48(6): 37-58.
73. Dalakoglou, D. (2010) The road. An ethnography of the Albanian-Greek crossborder motorway, American Ethnologist, 37(1): 132-49.
74. Dalakoglou, D. (2009) Building and ordering transnationalism: the ‘Greek house’ in Albania as a material process, in Miller, D. (ed.) Anthropology and the Individual: A Material Culture Perspective. Oxford: Berg, 51-68.
75. Das, R.J. (2004) Social capital and poverty of the wage-labour class: problems with the social capital theory, Transactions of the Institute of British Geographers, 29(1): 27-45.
76. Davies, J. (2009) My Name is not Natasha. How Albanian Women in France use Trafficking to overcome Social Exclusion (1998—2001). Amsterdam: Amsterdam University Press.
77. de Haas, H. (2010) Migration and development: a theoretical perspective, International Migration Review, 44(1): 227-64.
78. de Haas, H. (2007a) Remittances, Migration and Social Development. Geneva: United Nations Research Institute for Social Development, Social Policy and Development Programme Paper 37.
79. de Haas, H. (2007b) The Impact of International Migration on Social and Economic Development in Moroccan Sending Regions: A Review of the Empirical Literature. Oxford: University of Oxford, James Martin 21st Century School, International Migration Institute Working Paper 3.
80. de Haas, H. (2005) International migration, remittances and development: myths and facts, Third World Quarterly, 26(8): 1269-84.
81. de la Briere, B., de Janvry, A., Sadoulet, E. and Lambert, S. (2002) The roles of destination, gender, and household composition in explaining remittances: an analysis for the Dominican Sierra, Journal of Development Economics, 68(2): 30928.
82. de la Cruz, B.E. (1995) The socio-economic dimensions of remittances: a case study of five Mexican families, Berkeley McNair Journal, 3: 1-10.
83. De, P. and Ratha, D. (2005) Remittance Income and Household Welfare: Evidence from Sri Lanka Integrated Household Survey. Washington DC: World Bank unpublished report.
84. de Rapper, G. (2005) Better than Muslims, not as good as Greeks: emigration as experienced and imagined by the Albanian Christians of Lunxheri, in King, R., Mai, N. and Schwandner-Sievers, S. (eds) The New Albanian Migration. Brighton: Sussex Academic Press, 173-94.
85. De Soto, H., Beddies, S. and Gedeshi, I. (2005) Roma and Egyptians in Albania. Washington DC: World Bank.
86. De Soto, H., Gordon, P., Gedeshi, I. and Sinoimeri, Z. (2002) Poverty in Albania. A Qualitative Assessment. Washington DC: World Bank Technical Paper 520.
87. de Waal, C. (2005) Albania Today: A Portrait of Post-Communist Turbulence. London: I.B.Tauris.
88. de Zwager, N., Gedeshi, I., Germenji, E. and Nikas, C. (2005) Competing for Remittances. Tirana: IOM Tirana.
89. Deere, C.D. (1976) Rural women’s subsistence production in the capitalist periphery, Review of Radical Political Economy, 8(1): 9-17.
90. Deshingkar, P. (2006) Internal Migration, Poverty and Development in Asia. Brighton: Institute of Development Studies and Overseas Development Institute.
91. Deshingkar, P. and Grimm, S. (2005) Internal Migration and Development: a Global Perspective. Geneva: IOM.
92. Durham, M.E. (2000) High Albania. A Victorian Traveller’s Balkan Odyssey (1909). London: Phoenix.
93. Duval, L. and Wolff, F.C. (2010) Remittances matter: longitudinal evidence from Albania, Post-Communist Economies, 22(1): 73-97.
94. EBRD (2009) Strategy for Albania 2009—2012. London: European Bank for Reconstruction and Development.
95. Ehrenreich, B. and Hochschild, A.R. (2003) Introduction, in Ehrenreich, B. and Hochschild, A. R. (eds) Global Woman: Nannies, Maids and Sex Workers in the New Economy. New York: Metropolitan Books, 1-14.
96. Ekonomi, M., Gjermeni, E., Danaj, E., Lula, E. and Beci, L. (2006a) Krijimi i Mundesive Ekonomikeper Grate dhe Vaj%at ne Shqiperi: nje Strategji per Parandalimin e Trafikimit [The Creation of Economic Opportunities for Women and Girls in Albania. A Strategy for the Prevention of Trafficking]. Tirana: Aleanca Gjinore per Zhvillim.
97. Ekonomi, M., Sokoli, L., Danaj, S. and Picari, B. (2006b) Representation and the Quality of Democracy in Albania. A Gender Perspective. Tirana: Gender Alliance for Development.
98. Enloe, C. (1988) Bananas, Beaches and Bases. Berkeley: University of California Press.
99. ERRC (1997) No Record of the Case. Roma in Albania. Budapest: European Roma Rights Centre.
100. European Commission (2008) Albania 2008 Progress Report. Brussels: European Commission.
101. Faist, T. (2008) Migrants as transnational development agents: an inquiry into the newest round of the migration-development nexus, Population, Space and Place, 14(1): 21-42.
102. Fakiolas, R. (2003) Regularising the undocumented migrants in Greece: procedures and effects, Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies, 29(3): 535-61.
103. Fakiolas, R. (2000) Migration and unregistered labour in the Greek economy, in King, R., Lazaridis, G. and Tsardanidis, C. (eds) Eldorado or Fortres? Migration in Southern Europe. London: Macmillan, 57-78.
104. Fakiolas, R. and Maratou-Alipranti, L. (2000) Foreign female immigrants in Greece, Papers: Revista de Sociology, 60: 101-17.
105. Fergany, N. (1982) The impact of migration on national development in the Arab region: the case of the Yemen Arab Republic, International Migration Review, 16(4): 757-80.
106. Finch, J. and Mason, J. (1993) Negotiating Family Responsibilities. London: Routledge.
107. Fischer, P., Martin, R. and Straubhaar, T. (1997) Interdependencies between development and migration, in Hammar, T., Brochmann, G., Tamas, K. and Faist, T. (eds) International Migration, Immobility and Development. Oxford: Berg, 91-132.
108. Frank, A.G. (1969) Capitalism and Underdevelopment in Latin America. New York: Monthly Review Press.
109. Frasheri, A. (2007) Nationwide remittance beneficiaries survey, Bank of Albania Economic Bulletin, 10(3): 63-80.
110. Froebel, F., Heinrichs, J. and Kreye, O. (1980) The New International Division of Labour. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
111. Fuga, A. (2004) Shoqeria Periferike. Sociologji e Ndryshimit ne Shqiperi. Tirana: Ora. [Updated publication of the French edition]
112. Fuga, A. (2000) Identites Peripheriques en Albanie. Paris: L’Harmattan].
113. Fuga, A. and Dervishi, Z. (2002) Ndermjet Fshatit dhe Qyteterimit Global. Integrimi Shoqeror i te Rinjve te Zonave Fshatare ne Dritehijet e Arsimimit te Mesem. Trajtese Sociologjike [Between the Village and Global Cultures. Social Integration of Rural Youth Against the Backdrop of Secondary Education. A Sociological Analysis]. Tirana: Jerusalem.
114. Gammeltoft, P. (2002) Remittances and other financial flows to developing countries, International Migration, 40(5): 181-211.
115. Gardner, K and Grillo, R. (2002) Transnational households and ritual: an overview, Global Networks, 2(3): 179-90.
116. Gedeshi, I. (2000) Roli i remitancave te emigracionit shqiptar e ndikimi i tyre ne ekonomine e vendit [The role of Albanian remittances and their impact on the country’s economy], Politika dhe Shoqeria, 1(2): 55—68.
117. Gedeshi, I. and Black, R. (2006) From Brain Drain to Brain Gain: Mobilising Albania’s Skilled Diaspora. Tirana: UNDP Albania.
118. Gedeshi, I., Mara, H. and Preni, X. (2003a) The Encouragement of Social-Economic Development in Relation to the Growth of the Role of the Remittances. Tirana: centre for Economic and Social Studies.
119. Gedeshi, I., Mara, H. and Preni, X. (2003b) Economic Activities and Employment Opportunities in Rural Areas Within the Pilot Communes of Korfa Clean and Green Project. Tirana: UNDP-Albania unpublished report.
120. Geiger, M. (2007) Migration management in Albania. Mapping and evaluating outside intervention, Migration Letters, 4(2): 119—33.
121. Germenji, E. (2010) The global crisis and its propogation in Albania, in Bartlett, W. and Monastiriotis, V. (eds) South East Europe after the Economic Crisis: New Dawn or Back to Business as Usual?. London: LSE Research on South Eastern Europe, 53-57.
122. Germenji, E. and Milo, L. (2009) Return and labour status at home: evidence from returnees in Albania, Southeast European and Black Sea Studies, 9(4): 497-517.
123. Germenji, E. and Swinnen, J. (2004) Effects of remittances on household-based farm production behaviour. Paper presented to the conference ‘New Perspectives on Albanian Migration and Development’, Kore, Albania, 16-17 September 2004.
124. Ghosh, B. (2006) Migrants’ Remittances and Development: Myths, Rhetoric and Realities. Geneva: IOM and the Hague Process on Refugees and Migration.
125. Ghosh, J. (2009) Migration and Gender Empowerment: Recent Trends and Emerging Issues. New York: UNDP Human Development Report Research Paper 4.
126. Giddens, A. (1984) The Constitution of Society: Outline of the Theory of Structuration. cambridge: Polity.
127. Gjoca, J. (2010) Kryetar ‘dikushi’ ne proteste [The anonymous migrants’ association director at the protest]. Tribuna. 14 May 2010, 7(321): 4.
128. Gjonca, A., Aassve, A. and Mencarini, L. (2008) Albania: trends and patterns, proximate determinants and policies of fertility change, Demographic Research, 19(11): 261-92.
129. Glick Schiller, N. and Faist, T. (2009) Migration, development and social transformation, Social Analysis, 53(3): 1-13.
130. Glick Schiller, N., Basch, L. and Szanton Blanc, C. (1995) From immigrant to transmigrant: theorising transnational migration, Anthropological Quarterly, 68(1): 48-63.
131. GoA (2005a) National Strategy on Migration. Tirana: Government of Albania (GoA) and IOM.
132. GoA (2005b) National Action Plan on Migration. Tirana: Government of Albania (GoA) and IOM.
133. Gogonas, N. (2007) Ethnolinguistic Vitality and Language Maintenance in Second-Generation Migrants: A Study of Albanian and Egyptian Pupils in Athens. Brighton: University of Sussex, DPhil thesis in Linguistics.
134. Goldring, L. (2003) Re-thinking remittances: social andpolitical dimensions of individual and collective remittances. Toronto: York University, CERLAC [Center for Research on Latin America and the Caribbean] Working Paper.
135. Goss, J. and Lindquist, B. (1995) Conceptualizing international labor migration: a structuration perspective, International Migration Review, 29(2): 317-51.
136. Grassmuck, S. and Pessar, P.R. (1991) Between Two Islands: Dominican International Migration. Los Angeles: University of California Press.
137. Griffin, K. (1976) On the emigration of the peasantry, World Development, 4(5): 35361.
138. Gropas, R. and Triandafyllidou, A. (2005) Overview of Country Reports prepared for the POLITIS project ‘Building Europe with New Citizens? An Inquiry into the Civic Participation of Naturalised Citizens and Foreign Residents in 25 Countries’. Athens: ELIAMEP.
139. Guarnizo, L.E. (2003) The economics of transnational living, International Migration Review, 37(3): 666-99.
140. Guiraudon, V. and Lahav, G. (2000) A reappraisal of the state’s sovereignty debate: the case of migration control, Comparative Political Studies, 33(2): 163-95.
141. Hagen-Zanker, J. and Siegel, M. (2007) The Determinants of Remittances: A Review of the Literature. Maastricht: Maastricht Graduate School of Governance Working Paper 3.
142. Hahamovitch, C. (2003) Creating perfect immigrants: guestworkers of the world in historical perspective, Labor History, 44(1): 69-94.
143. Hall, D. (1994) Albania and the Albanians. London: Pinter.
144. Halpern, J., Kaser, K. and Wagner, R. (1996) Patriarchy in the Balkans: temporal and cross-cultural approaches, The History of the Family, 1(4): 425-42.
145. Hammar, T., Brochmann, G., Tamas, K. and Faist, T. (eds) (1997) International Migration, Immobility and Development: Multidisciplinary Perspectives. Oxford: Berg.
146. Hatziprokopiou, P. (2006) Globalisation, Migration and Socio-Economic Change in Contemporary Greece: Processes of Social Incorporation of Balkan Immigrants in Thessaloniki. Amsterdam: Amsterdam University Press.
147. Hatziprokopiou, P. (2004) Balkan immigrants in the Greek city of Thessaloniki: local processes of incorporation in an international perspective, European Urban and Regional Studies, 11(4): 321-38.
148. Hatziprokopiou, P. (2003) Albanian immigrants in Thessaloniki, Greece: processes of economic and social incorporation, Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies, 29(6): 1033-57.
149. Hemming, A. (2009) Migrant identity on display: the xhiro in Rreshen, Southeast European and Black Sea Studies, 9(4): 575-88.
150. Hennebry, J. and Preibisch, K. (2009) A model for managed migration? Reexamining best practices in Canada’s Seasonal Agricultural Worker Program’, International Migration, early online view.
151. Hermele, K. (1997) The discourse on migration and development, in Hammar, T., Brochmann, G., Tamas, K. and Faist, T. (eds) International Migration, Immobility and Development: Multidisciplinary Perspectives. Oxford: Berg, 133-59.
152. Hernandez-Coss, R., De Luna Martinez, J., Amatuzio, A., Borowik, K and Lagi, F. (2006) The Italy-Albanian Remittance Corridor. Shifting from the Physical Transfer of Cash to a Formal Money Transfer System. Washington DC: The World Bank and Convergence.
153. Hoddinott, J. (1994) A model of migration and remittances applied to Western Kenya, Oxford Economic Papers, 46(3): 459-76.
154. Hondagneu-Sotelo, P. (1994) Gendered Transitions: Mexican Experiences of Immigration. Berkeley: University of California Press.
155. Hugo, G. (2005) Migrants in Society: Diversion and Cohesion. Geneva: Global Commission on Migration.
156. Hugo, G. (2000) Migration and women’s empowerment, in Presser, H.B. and Sen, G. (eds) Women’s Empowerment and Demographic Process. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 287-317.
157. IMF (2006) Albania Selected Issues. Washington DC: IMF Country Report 06/285.
158. INSTAT (2007a) Albania in Figures 2007. Tirana: Instituti i Statistikes.
159. INSTAT (2007b) Foreign Trade, 2002—2006. Tirana: Instituti i Statistikes.
160. INSTAT (2004a) The Population of Albania 2001, Korfe. Tirana: Instituti i Statistikes.
161. INSTAT (2004b) The Population of Albania 2001. Tirana: Instituti i Statistikes.
162. INSTRAW (2006) The Development Potential of Remittances. A Gender Perspective. Qualitative Research Methodology. Santo Domingo: INSTRAW Working Paper.
163. IOM (2008) World Migration 2008: Managing Labour Mobility in the Evolving Global Economy. Geneva: IOM.
164. IOM (2006a) Return and Readmission to Albania. The Experiences of Selected EU Member States. Tirana: IOM.
165. IOM (2006b) Return and Readmission. The Case of Albania. Tirana: IOM.
166. IOM (2005a) World Migration 2005: Costs and Benefits of International Migration. Geneva: IOM.
167. IOM (2005b) Migration and Remittances in Moldova. Chisinau: IOM.
168. Iosifides, T. and King, R. (1998) Socio-spatial dynamics and exclusion of three immigrant groups in the Athens conurbation, South European Society and Politics, 3(3): 205-29.
169. ISB (2008) Social Inclusion and Social Protection in Albania. Brussels: European Commission. Prepared by the Institute of Contemporary Studies [Instituti i Studimeve Bashkekohore] Tirana for the EC DG for Employment, Social Affairs and Equal Opportunities.
170. Jarvis, C. (2000) The rise and fall of Albania’s pyramid schemes, Finance and Development, 37(1): 1-29.
171. Jazayery, L. (2002) The migration-development nexus: Afghanistan case study, International Migration, 40(5): 231-54.
172. Jones, R. C. (1998) Remittances and inequality: a question of migration stage and geographic scale, Economic Geography, 74(1): 8-25.
173. Kabeer, N. (2000) The Power to Choose: Bangladeshi Women and Labour Market Decisions in London and Dhaka. London: Verso.
174. Kanellopoulos, K and Gregou, M. (2006) Policy Report on Migration, Asylum and Return in Greece. Athens: Centre of Planning and Economic Research (KEPE).
175. Kapllani, G. (2009) A Short Border Handbook. London: Portobello.
176. Kapur, D. (2004) Remittances: The New Development Mantra? Geneva: United Nations Conference on Trade and Development and the Intergovernmental Group of Twenty-Four on International Monetary Affairs. G-24 Discussion Paper Series, 29.
177. Karafolas, S. and Konteos, G. (2010) Choice of money transfer methods in the case of Albanian immigrants in Greece, Transition Studies Review, 16(6): 962-78.
178. Karafolas, S. and Sariannidis, N. (2009) The banking network as a transmission channel of migrant remittances: the case of Greek and Italian banks in Albania Transition Studies Review, 15(4): 674-84.
179. Kaser, K (1996) Introduction: household and family contexts in the Balkans, The History of the Family, 1(4): 375-86.
180. Kasimis, C. and Papadopoulos, A.G. (2005) The multifunctional role of migrants in the Greek countryside: implications for the rural economy and society, Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies, 31(1): 99-127.
181. Kilic, T., Carletto, G., Davis, B. and Zezza, A. (2007) Investing Back Home: Return Migration and Business Ownership in Albania. Washington DC: World Bank Policy Research Working Paper 4366.
182. Kindleberger, C.P. (1965) Europe’s Postwar Growth: The Role of Labour Supply. New York: Oxford University Press.
183. King, R. (2005) Albania as a laboratory for the study of migration and development, Journal of Southern Europe and the Balkans, 7(2): 133-56.
184. King, R. (2002) Towards a new map of European migration, International Journal of Population Geography, 8(2): 89-103.
185. King, R. (2000a) Generalizations from the history of return migration, in Ghosh, B. (ed.) Return Migration: Journey of Hope or Dispair? Geneva: UN and IOM, 7-55.
186. King, R. (2000b) Southern Europe in the changing global map of migration, in King, R., Lazaridis, G. and Tsardanidis, C. (eds) Eldorado or Fortress? Migration in Southern Europe. Basingstoke: Macmillan, 1-26.
187. King, R. (ed.) (1986) Return Migration and Regional Economic Problems. London: Croom Helm.
188. King, R., Black, R., Collyer, M., Fielding, A. and Skeldon, R. (2010) People on the Move: An Atlas of Migration. Berkeley: University of California Press.
189. King, R., Dalipaj, M. and Mai, N. (2006) Gendering migration and remittances: evidence from London and Northern Albania, Population, Space and Place, 12(6): 409-34.
190. King, R. and Mai, N. (2008) Out of Albania: From Crisis Migration to Social Inclusion in Italy. Oxford: Berghahn.
191. King, R. and Mai, N. (2004) Albanian immigrants in Lecce and Modena: narratives of rejection, survival and integration, Population, Space and Place, 10(6): 455-77.
192. King, R. and Mai, N. (2002) Of myths and mirrors: interpretations of Albanian migration to Italy, Studi Emigraione, 39(145): 161-99.
193. King, R., Mai, N. and Dalipaj, M. (2003) Exploding the Migration Myths: Analysis and Recommendations for the European Union, the UK and Albania. London: The Fabian Society and Oxfam.
194. King, R. and Vullnetari, J. (2010) Gender and remittances in Albania: or why Are women better remitters than men?’ is not the right question. Brighton: Sussex Centre for Migration Research Working Paper 58.
195. King, R. and Vullnetari, J. (2009a) Remittances, return, diaspora: framing the debate in the context of Albania and Kosova, Southeast European and Black Sea Studies, 9(4): 385-406.
196. King, R. and Vullnetari, J. (2009b) The intersections of gender and generation in Albanian migration, remittances and transnational care, Geografiska Annaler: Series B, Human Geography, 91(1): 19-38.
197. King, R. and Vullnetari, J. (2006) Orphan pensioners and migrating grandparents: the impact of mass migration on older people in rural Albania, Ageing and Society, 26(5): 783-816.
198. King, R. and Vullnetari, J. (2003) Migration and Development in Albania. Brighton: University of Sussex, Development Research Centre on Migration, Globalisation and Poverty, Working Paper C5.
199. King, R. and Zontini, E. (2000) The role of gender in the South European immigration model, Papers: Revista de Sociologia, 60: 35-52.
200. Koc, I. and Onan, I. (2004) International migrants’ remittances and the welfare status of the left-behind families in Turkey, International Migration Review, 38(1): 78-112.
201. Kofman, E. (2004) Gendered global migrations, International Feminist Journal of Politics, 6(4): 643-65.
202. Kofman, E. (2000) The invisibility of skilled female migrants and gender relations in studies of skilled migration in Europe, International Journal of Population Geography^ 6(1): 45-59.
203. Kokkali, I. (2010) Migrants Albanais en Grece: De la Dissimulation Identitaire a l’Invisibilite Territoriale. Paris: Editions Universitaires Europeennes.
204. Konica, N. and Filer, R. (2005) Albanian Emigration. Causes and Consequences. Prague: Charles University, CERGE [Center for Economic Research and Graduate Education] Working Paper 181.
205. Konidaris, G. (2005) Examining policy responses to immigration in the light of interstate relations and foreign policy objectives: Greece and Albania, in King, R., Mai, N. and Schwandner-Sievers, S. (eds) The New Albanian Migration. Brighton: Sussex Academic Press, 64-92.
206. Korce Municipality (2005) Local Action Plan for the Environment. Tirana: Regional Environmental Centre (REC) for Central and Eastern Europe.
207. Korca Regional Council (2005) Regional Development Strategy, Millennium Development Goals. Korfa Region. Kora: Kora Regional Council.
208. Korovilas, J. (1999) The Albanian economy in transition: the role of remittances and pyramid investment schemes, Post-Communist Economies, 11(3): 399-415.
209. Kretsi, G. (2005) The uses of origin: migration, power-struggle and memory in southern Albania, in King, R., Mai, N. and Schwandner-Sievers, S. (eds) The New Albanian Migration. Brighton: Sussex Academic Press, 193-212.
210. Kring, T. (2007) Enhancing the Impact of Migrant Remittances in Albania. Geneva: ILO and IOM Working Paper.
211. Kule, D., Manellari, A., Papapanagos, H., Qirici, S. and Sanfey, P. (2002) The causes and consequences of Albanian emigration during transition: evidence from micro-data, International Migration Review, 36(1): 229-39.
212. Kunz, R. (2008) ‘Remittances are beautiful’? Gender implications of the new global remittances trend, Third World Quarterly, 29(7): 1389-409.
213. Labrianidis, L. and Hatziprokopiou, P. (2005) The Albanian migration cycle: migrants tend to return to their country of origin after all, in King, R., Mai, N. and Schwandner-Sievers, S. (eds) The New Albanian Migration. Brighton: Sussex Academic Press, 93-117.
214. Labrianidis, L. and Lyberaki, A. (2001) Albanian Migrants in Thessaloniki. Athens: Paratiritis [in Greek].
215. Labrianidis, L., Lyberaki, A., Tinios, P. and Hatziprokopiou, H. (2004) Inflow of migrants and outflow of investment: aspects of interdependence between Greece and the Balkans, Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies, 30(6): 1183-208.
216. Labrianidis, L. and Sykas, T. (2009) Geographical proximity and immigrant labour in agriculture: Albanian immigrants in the Greek countryside, Sociologia Ruralis, 49(4): 394-414.
217. Lamani, M. (2003) Grate ne Kuvend [Women in Parliament]. Tirana: Kuvendi i Shqiperise. Sektori i Kerkimit dhe Biblioteka.
218. Lazaridis, G. (2003) From maids to entrepreneurs: immigrant women in Greece, in Freedman, J. (ed.) Gender and Insecurity. Aldershot: Ashgate, 173-94.
219. Lazaridis, G. (1999) The helots of the new millennium: ethnic-Greek Albanians and ‘other’ Albanians in Greece, in Anthias, F. and Lazaridis, G. (eds) Into the Margins: Migration and Exclusion in Southern Europe. Aldershot: Ashgate, 105-21.
220. Lazaridis, G. (1996) Immigration to Greece: a critical evaluation of Greek policy, New Community, 22(2): 335-48.
221. Lazaridis, G. and Koumandraki, M. (2007) Albanian migration to Greece: patterns and processes of inclusion and exclusion in the labour market, European Societies, 9(1): 91-111.
222. Lazaridis, G. and Koumandraki, M. (2001) Deconstructing naturalism: the racialisation of ethnic minorities in Greece, in King, R. (ed.) The Mediterranean Passage: Migration and New Cultural Encounters in Southern Europe. Liverpool: Liverpool University Press, 279-301.
223. Lazaridis, G. and Wickens, E. (1999) ‘Us’ and the ‘Others’: ethnic minorities in Greece, Annals of Tourism Research, 26(3): 632-55.
224. Leon-Ledesma, M. and Piracha, M. (2004) International migration and the role of remittances in Eastern Europe, International Migration, 42(4): 65-83.
225. Lerch, M. and Wanner, P. (2008) Demographic Data in Albania: Results of An Assessment. Geneva: Geneva University.
226. Lerch, M. and Wanner, P. (2006) Les Transfers des Fonds des Migrants Albanais. Facteurs Determinant leur Reception. Geneva: Swiss Forum for Migration and Population Studies Working Paper 45.
227. Levitt, P. (1998) Social remittances: migration driven local-level forms of cultural diffusion, International Migration Review, 32(4): 926-48.
228. Levitt, P. and Jaworsky, B.N. (2007) Transnational migration studies: past developments and future trends, Annual Review of Sociology, 33: 129-56.
229. Lewis, J.R. (1986) International labour migration and uneven regional development in labour exporting countries, Tijdschrift voor Economische en Sociale Geografie, 77(1): 27-41.
230. Lianos, T. (2007) Brain drain and brain loss: immigrants to Greece, Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies, 33(1): 129-40.
231. Lindley, A. (2009) The early-morning phonecall: remittances from a refugee diaspora perspective, Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies, 35(8): 1315-34.
232. Lipton, M. (1980) Migration from rural areas of poor countries: the impact on rural productivity and income distribution, World Development, 8(1): 1-24.
233. Littlewood, R. (2002) Three into two. The third sex in Northern Albania, Anthropology and Medicine, 9(1): 37-50.
234. Logoreci, A. (1977) The Albanians. Europe’s Forgotten Survivors. London: Victor Gollancz.
235. Long, L. and Celebic, S. (2006) Perspectives on the EC/Albanian Readmission Agreement, in IOM (ed.) Return and Readmission to Albania. The Experiences of SelectedEUMember States. Tirana: IOM, 11-40.
236. Lowell, L. (2002) Some Developmental Effects of the International Migration of Highly Skilled Persons. Geneva: ILO International Migration Papers, 46.
237. Lubonja, F. (2001) Privacy in a totalitarian regime, Social Research, 68(1): 236-53.
238. Lucas, R.E. and Stark, O. (1985) Motivations to remit: evidence from Botswana, Journal of Political Economy, 93(5): 901-18.
239. Lundstrom, S. and Ronnas, P. (2006) Migration and Pro-Poor Growth in Albania. An Integrated Economic Analysis. Stockholm: SIDA, Country Economic Report 2006/5.
240. Lyberaki, A. and Maroukis, T. (2005) Albanian immigrants in Athens. New survey evidence on employment and integration, Southeast European and Black Sea Studies, 5(1): 21-8.
241. Mahler, S.J. and Pessar, P. (2001) Gendered geographies of power: analyzing gender across transnational spaces, Identities, 7(4): 441-59.
242. Mai, N. (2005) The Albanian diaspora-in-the-making: media, migration and social exclusion, Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies, 31(3): 543-61.
243. Mai, N. (2003) The cultural construction of Italy in Albania and vice versa: migration dynamics, strategies of resistance and politics of mutual selfdefinition across colonialism and post-colonialism, Modern Italy, 8(1): 77-94.
244. Mai, N. (2002) Between Losing and Finding Oneself. The Role of Italian Television in the Albanian Migration to Italy. Brighton: University of Sussex, DPhil thesis in Media and Cultural Studies.
245. Mai, N. (2001) Transforming traditions: a critical analysis of the trafficking and exploitation of young Albanian girls in Italy, in King, R. (ed.) The Mediterranean Passage: Migration and New Cultural Encounters in Southern Europe. Liverpool: Liverpool University Press, 258-78.
246. Marcus, G. (1995) Ethnography in/of the World System, the emergence of multisited ethnography, Annual Review of Anthropology, 24: 95-117.
247. Markova, E. and Reilly, B. (2006) Bulgarian Migrant Remittances and Legal Status: Some Micro-Level Evidence from Madrid. Brighton: Sussex Centre for Migration Research Working Paper 37.
248. Maroukis, T. (2008) Undocumented Migration. Counting the Uncountable. Data and Trends across Europe. Country Report Greece. Athens: Country report prepared for the ‘Clandestino’ research project, funded under the 6th Framework Programme of the Europian Union.
249. Maroukis, T. (2005a) Albanian migrants in Athens and the emergence of a transborder public sphere, in Chiodi, L. (ed.) The Borders of the Polity. Migration and Security Across the EU and the Balkans. Ravenna: Longo Editore, 189-207.
250. Maroukis, T. (2005b) Albanian migrants in Greece: transcending ‘borders’ in development, Journal of Southern Europe and the Balkans, 7(2): 213-33.
251. Martin, P. (2004) Migration and Development: Toward Sustainable Solutions. Geneva: ILO, International Institute for Labour Studies Discussion Paper 153.
252. Martin, P.L. and Taylor, J.E. (1996) The anatomy of a migration hump, in Taylor, J. E. (ed.) Development Strategy, Employment and Migration: Insights from Models. Paris: OECD, 43-62.
253. Massey, D. (1994) Space, Place and Gender. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press.
254. Massey, D. (1987) The ethnosurvey in theory and practice, International Migration Review, 21(4): 1498-522.
255. Massey, D., Arango, J., Hugo, G., Kouaouci, A., Pellegrino, A. and Taylor, J.E. (1993) Theories of international migration: a review and appraisal, Population and Development Review, 19(3): 431-66.
256. McCarthy, N., Carletto, G., Davis, B. and Maltsoglou, I. (2006) Assessing the Impact of Massive Out-Migration on Agriculture. Rome: FAO, ESA Working Paper 14.
257. McKay, D. (2005) Reading remittance landscapes: female migration and agricultural transition in the Philippines’, Geografisk Tidsskrift, 105(1): 89-99.
258. McKay, S.C. (2007) Filipino sea men: constructing masculinities in an ethnic labour niche, Journal ofEthnic and Migration Studies, 33(4): 617-33.
259. Meka, E., Bendo, L. and Frasheri, A. (2007) Remittances and Financial Products in Albania: Reality and the Future. Tirana: IOM and ILO.
260. Meka, E., Dono, I. and Hasani, M. (2008) Country Paper on Banking System and Remittances: Albania. Tirana: Albanian Association of Banks and Hope for the Future. Country report for the project ‘MIGRAVALUE - Steering Economic and Social Cohesion in the CADSES Space: Valuing Migration as a Development Tool’ within the framework of the Community initiative programme Interreg IIIB CADSES.
261. Miluka, J., Carletto, G., Davis, B. and Zezza, A. (2007) The Vanishing Farms? The Impact of International Migration on Albanian Farms. Washington DC: World Bank Policy Research Working Paper 4367.
262. Minnesota Advocates for Human Rights (1996) Domestic Violence in Albania. Minneapolis: Minnesota Advocates for Human Rights.
263. Miracle, M.P. and Berry, S.S. (1970) Migrant labour and economic development, Oxford Economic Papers, 22(1): 86-108.
264. Misha, A. (2006) Report on Civil Society Needs Assessment in Albania. Tirana: UNDP and SNV.
265. Misja, V. (1998) Emigracioni Nderkombetar ne Shqiperi Gjate Periudhes se Tranzicionit [Emigration in Albania during the Transition Period]. Tirana: Marin Barleti.
266. Mohan, G. and Mohan, J. (2002) Placing social capital, Progress in Human Geography, 26(2): 191-210.
267. Moreno-Fontes Chammartin, G. and Cantu-Bazaldua, F. (2003) Identification of Potentialfor Increasing Employment and Productive Investment in Albania, Moldova and Ukraine Based on Remittances. Geneva: ILO International Migration Papers 74.
268. Morokvasic, M. (1984) Birds of passage are also women, International Migration Review., 18(4): 886-907.
269. Murphy, R. (2005) Helping migration to improve livelihoods in China: vocational training, development of small businesses and agribusinesses and support for those left behind, in IOM (ed.) Migration, Development and Poverty Reduction in Asia. New York: United Nations, 223-1.
270. Murzaku, I.A. and Dervishi, Z. (2003) Albanians’ first post-communist decade. Values in transition: traditional or liberal?, East European Quarterly, 37(2): 23156.
271. Musaj, F. (2002) Gruaja ne Shqiperi, 1912—1939 [Women in Albania, 1912—1939]. Tirana: Akademia e Shkencave e Shqiperise, Instituti i Historise.
272. Myrdal, G. (1957) Rich Lands and Poor. New York: Harper and Row.
273. Nash, J. and Fernandez Kelly, M.P. (eds) (1983) Women, Men, and the International Division of Labor. Albany: State University of New York Press.
274. Nichols, S. (2002) Another kind of remittance: transfer of agricultural innovations by migrants to their communities of origin. Paper presented to the Second Colloquium on International Migration: Mexico-California, University of California, Berkeley, 29 March.
275. Nicholson, B. (2006) Women who shared a husband. Polygyny in southern Albania in the early 20th century, The History of the Family, 11(1): 45-57.
276. Nicholson, B. (2004a) Migrants as agents of development: Albanian return migrants and micro-enterprise, in Pop, D. (ed.) New Patterns of Labour Migration in Central and Eastern Europe. Cluj Napoca: Public Policy Center, 94-110.
277. Nicholson, B. (2004b) The tractor, the shop and the filling-station: work migration as self-help development in Albania, Europe-Asia Studies, 56(6): 877-90.
278. Nicholson, B. (2001) From migrant to micro-entrepreneur: do-it-yourself development in Albania, South-East Europe Review, 4(3): 39-42.
279. Nikas, C. and King, R. (2005) Economic growth through remittances: lessons from the Greek experience of the 1960s applicable to the Albanian case, Journal of Southern Europe and the Balkans, 7(2): 235-57.
280. Nixon, N. (2009) ‘You can’t eat shame with bread’: gender and collective shame in Albanian society, Southeast European and Black Sea Studies, 9(1): 105-21.
281. Nixon, N. (2006) The absence of gender: Albania’s National Strategy on Migration, Albanian Journal of Politics, 2(1): 44-61.
282. Nyberg Sorensen, N. (2005) Migrant Remittances, Development and Gender. Copenhagen: Danish Institute for International Studies.
283. Nyberg Sorensen, N. (2004) Migrant Transfers as a Development Tool. The Case of Morocco. Copenhagen: Danish Institute for International Studies Working Paper 17.
284. Nyberg Sorenson, N., van Hear, N. and Engberg-Pedersen, P. (2002) The Migration— Development Nexus: Evidence and Policy Options. Geneva: IOM.
285. Oberai, A.S. and Singh, H.K. (1980) Migration, remittances and rural development: findings of a study in Indian Punjab, International Labour Review, 119(2): 229-41.
286. Oishi, N. (2005) Women in Motion: Globalisation, State Policies and Labour Migration in Asia. Stanford: Stanford University Press.
287. Onorato, M., Keta, M. and Totozani, I. (2007) Raport mbi Zbatimin e Planit Kombetar te Veprimit per Migracionit [Report on the Implementation of the National Action Plan on Migration]. Tirana: Instituti Europian i Tiranes.
288. Orgocka, A. (2005) Albanian highly skilled women in the US, in King, R., Mai, N. and Schwandner-Sievers, S. (eds) The New Albanian Migration. Brighton: Sussex Academic Press, 139-53.
289. Orozco, M. (2007) Making the Most of Family Remittances. Washington DC: Inter-American Dialogue, Second Report of Task Force on Remittances.
290. Orozco, M., Lowell, L.B. and Schneider, J. (2006) Gender-Specific Determinants of Remittances: Differences in Structure and Motivation. Washington DC: Institute for the Study of International Migration, Georgetown University. Report to the World Bank Gender and Development Group, PREM.
291. Osaki, K. (1999) Economic interactions of migrants and their households of origin: are women more reliable supporters?, Asian and Pacific Migration Journal, 8(4): 447-71.
292. OSCE/ODIHR (2007) Republic of Albania Local Elections 2007. OSCE/ODIHR Election Observation Mission Report. Warsaw: OSCE and the Office for Democratic Institutions and Human Rights.
293. Papademetriou, D.G. (1991) Migration and development: the unsettled relationship, in Papademetriou, D. G. and Martin, P. L. (eds) The Unsettled Relationship: Labor Migration and Economic Development. Westport: Greenwood Press, 213-20.
294. Papademetriou, D.G. and Martin, P.L. (eds) (1991) The Unsettled Relationship: Labor Migration and Economic Development. Westport: Greenwood Press.
295. Papapanagos, H. and Sanfey, P. (2001) Intention to emigrate in transition countries: the case of Albania, Journal of Population Economics, 14(3): 491-504.
296. Parrenas, R.S. (2008) Transnational fathering: gendered conflicts, distant disciplining and emotional gaps, Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies, 34(7): 1057-72.
297. Parrenas, R.S. (2005) Children of Global Migration: Transnational Families and Gendered Woes. Stanford: Stanford University Press.
298. Parrenas, R.S. (2003) The care crisis in the Philippines: children and transnational families in the new global economy, in Ehrenreich, B. and Hochschild, A. (eds) Global Woman: Nannies, Maids and Sex Workers in the New Economy. New York: Metropolitan Books, 39-54.
299. Parrenas, R.S. (2000) Migrant Filipina domestic workers and the international division of reproductive labour, Gender and Society, 14(4): 560-80.
300. PBI (2005) Sending Money Home: Albania. London: Profile Business Intelligence. [last accessed: 19 December 2007].
301. Perez-Armendariz, A. and Crow, D. (2010) Do migrants remit democracy? International migration, political beliefs, and behavior in Mexico, Comparative Political Studies, 43(1): 119—48.
302. Phizacklea, A. (ed.) (1983) One Way Ticket: Migration and Female Labour. London: Routledge and Kegan Paul.
303. Piotrowski, M. (2009) Sibling influences on migrant remittances. Evidence from Nang Rong, Thailand, Journal of Population Ageing, 1(2-4): 193-224.
304. Piper, N. (2005) Gender and Migration. Geneva: Global Commission on International Migration Paper 10.
305. Piperno, F. (2005) Albanian migrants’ remittances: a development opportunity?, in King, R., Mai, N. and Schwandner-Sievers, S. (eds) The New Albanian Migration. Brighton: Sussex Academic Press, 118-38.
306. Poirine, B. (1997) A theory of remittances as an implicit family loan arrangement, World Development, 25(4): 589-611.
307. Portes, A. (1998) Social capital: its origins and applications in modern sociology, Annual Review of Sociology, 24: 1-24.
308. Pratsinakis, E. (2005) Aspirations and strategies of Albanian immigrants in Thessaloniki, Journal of Southern Europe and the Balkans, 7(2): 195-212.
309. Pritchett-Post, S.E. (1998) Women in Modern Albania. Firsthand Accounts of Culture and Conditions from Over 200 Interviews. Jefferson and London: McFarland and Co.
310. Puri, S. and Ritzema, T. (1999) Migrant Worker Remittances, Micro-Finance and the Informal Economy: Prospects and Issues. Geneva: ILO Working Paper 21.
311. Putnam, R. (2000) Bowling Alone: The Collapse and Revival of American Community. New York: Simon Schuster.
312. Putnam, R. (1993) Making Democracy Work: Civic Traditions in Modern Italy. Princeton: Princeton University Press.
313. Raghuram, P. (2004) The difference that skills make: gender, family migration strategies and regulated labour markets, Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies, 30(2): 303-21.
314. Ramirez, C., Garcia Dominguez, M. and Miguez Morais, J. (2005) Crossing Borders: Remittances, Gender and Development. Santo Domingo: INSTRAW Working Paper.
315. Ratha, D. (2003) Workers’ remittances: an important and stable source of external developmental finance, in Global Development Finance. Washington DC: World Bank, 157-74.
316. Ratha, R., Mohapatra, S. and Silwal, A. (2010) Outlook for remittance flows 2010-11. Remittance flows to developing countries remained resilient in 2009. 23 April 2010. Washington DC: World Bank Migration and Remittances Team, Development Prospects Group, Migration and Development brief 12, available online at: [last accessed: June 2010].
317. Ravenstein, E.G. (1889) The laws of migration, Journal of the Royal Statistical Society, 52(2): 241-305.
318. Rempel, H. and Lobdell, R. (1978) The role of urban-to-rural remittances in rural development, Journal of Development Studies, 14(3): 324-41.
319. Reuters (2003) On Albanian border, taxis with four legs. Reuters News Agency [13 June 2003].
320. Rembeci, G. (2009) Nationwide remittance beneficiaries survey, Bank of Albania Economic Bulletin, 12(3): 107-24.
321. Rovolis, A. and Tragaki, A. (2006) Ethnic characteristics and geographical distribution of immigrants in Greece, European Urban and Regional Studies, 13(2): 99-111.
322. Russell, S. (1993) Migrant remittances and development, International Migration, 31(3-4): 267-87.
323. Russell, S. (1986) Remittances from international migration: a review in perspective, World Development, 14(6): 677-96.
324. Safa, H. (1995) The Myth of the Male Breadwinner: Women and Industrialization in the Caribbean. Boulder: Westview Press.
325. Salih, R. (2001) Moroccan migrant women: transnationalism and gender, Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies, 27(4): 655-71.
326. Saltmarshe, D. (2001) Identity in a Post-Communist Balkan State: An Albanian Village Study. Aldershot: Ashgate.
327. Samers, M. (2010) Migration. London: Routledge.
328. Sampson, S. (1996) The social life of projects, importing civil society in Albania, in Hann, C. and Down, E. (eds) Civil Society, Challenging Western Models. London: Routledge, 121-42.
329. Sander, C. (2003) Migrant Remittances to Developing Countries. London: Bannock Consulting for DFID.
330. Sassen, S. (2000) Women’s burden: counter-geographies of globalization and the feminization of survival, Journal of International Affairs, 53(2): 503-24.
331. Sassen, S. (1988) The Mobility of Labor and Capital: A Study in International Investment and Labor Flow. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
332. Schwandner-Sievers, S. (2006) ‘Culture’ in court: Albanian migrants and the anthropologist as expert witness, in Pink, S. (ed.) Applications of Anthropology. Professional Anthropology in the Twenty-First Century. Oxford: Berghahn, 209-32.
333. Schwandner-Sievers, S. (2001) The enactment of ‘tradition’: Albanian constructions of identity, violence and power in times of crisis, in Schmidt, B. E. and Schroder, I. W. (eds) Anthropology of Violence and Conflict. London: Routledge, 97-119.
334. Schwandner-Sievers, S. (1999) Humiliation and reconciliation in Northern Albania. The logics of feuding in symbolic and diachronic perspectives, in Elwert, G., Feuchtwang, S. and Neubert, D. (eds) Dynamics of Violence. Processes of Escalation and De-Escalation in Violent Group Conflicts. Berlin: Duncker and Humbolt, 13352.
335. Semyonov, M. and Gorodzeisky, A. (2005) Labor, migration, remittances and household income: a comparison between Filipino and Filipina overseas workers, International Migration Review, 39(1): 45-68.
336. Sen, A. (1999) Development as Freedom. New York: Anchor Books.
337. Senturia, K. (1997) A woman’s work is never done: women’s work and pregnancy outcome in Albania, Medical Anthropology Quarterly, 11(3): 375-95.
338. Shryock, A.J. (1988) Autonomy, entanglement, and the feud: prestige structures and gender values in Highland Albania, Anthropological Quarterly, 61(3): 113-18.
339. Sjoberg, O. (1994) Rural retention in Albania: administrative restrictions on urban-bound migration, East European Quarterly, 28(2): 205-33.
340. Sjoberg, O. (1991) Rural Change and Development in Albania. Oxford: Westview Press.
341. Skeldon, R. (1997) Migration and Development: A Global Perspective. London: Longman.
342. Smith, E. (2009) ‘Gap-fillers’ or ‘clan-destroyers’? Transnational female solidarity towards kin in the region of Fier, Southeast European and Black Sea Studies, 9(4): 555-73.
343. Smith, J. and Wallerstein, I. (eds) (1992) Creating and Transforming Households: The Constraints of the World-Economy. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
344. Smith, L. and Mazzucato, V. (2009) Constructing homes, building relationships: migrant investments in houses, Tijdschrift voor Economische en Sociale Geografie, 100(5): 662-73.
345. Smith, S. (2001) Doing qualitative research: from interpretation to action, in Limb, M. and Dwyer, C. (eds) Qualitative Methodologies for Geographers. London: Arnold, 23-40.
346. Sokoli, L. (2006) Familja tradicionale shqiptare dhe alternativat ‘jo-tradicionale’ te saj [The traditional Albanian family and its ‘non-traditional’ alternatives], in Sokoli, L. (ed.) Anali^a Sociologjike. Tirana: Instituti i Sociologjise and Rinia, 624.
347. Spatafora, N. and Freund, C. (2004) Remittances: Transaction Costs, Determinants, and Informal Flows. Washington DC: World Bank Policy Research Working Paper 3704.
348. Stampini, M., Carletto, G. and Davis, B. (2008) International migration from Albania: the role of family networks and previous experience, East European Economics, 46(2): 50-87.
349. Stark, O. (2009) Reasons for remitting, World Economics, 10(3): 147-57.
350. Stark, O. and Bloom, D.E. (1985) The new economics of labor migration, American Economic Review, 75(2): 173-8.
351. Tacoli, C. (1999) International migration and the restructuring of gender asymmetries: continuity and change among Filipino labor migrants in Rome, International Migration Review, 33(3): 658-82.
352. Tahiraj, E. (2007) Poverty and Anti-Poverty Programmes in Albania. The Role of Social Policy in Transition and Consolidation. York: University of York, DPhil thesis in Social Policy and Social Work.
353. Tarifa, F. (2008) Of time, honor, and memory: oral law in Albania, Oral Tradition, 23(1): 3-14.
354. Tarifa, F. (2007) Of mice, men and mountains: justice Albanian style, Sociological Analysis, 1(1): 89-125.
355. Taylor, J.E. (1999) The new economics of labour migration and the role of remittances in the migration process, International Migration, 37(1): 63-88.
356. Taylor, J.E. (1987) Undocumented Mexico-US migration and the returns to households in rural Mexico, American Journal of Agricultural Economics, 69(3): 626-38.
357. Tirta, M. (1999) Migrime te shqiptareve, te brendshme dhe jashte atdheut: vitet ‘40 te shek.XIX-vitet ‘40 te shek.XX. [Internal and international migration of Albanians: 1840s-1940s], Etnografia Shqiptare, 18.
358. Trako, I. (2008) The Impact of Remittances on Incentives: The Case of Albania. Buenos Aires: University of San Andres, Department of Economics Working Paper.
359. Triandafyllidou, A. and Veikou, M. (2002) The hierarchy of Greekness: ethnic and national identity considerations in Greek immigration policy, Ethnicities, 2(2): 189-208.
360. Uci, A. (2003) Mbi disa aspekte te marredhenieve familjare e martesore [On some aspects of family and marital relations], Politika dhe Shoqeria, 6(1): 17-30.
361. UN-Albania (2004) Common Country Assessment. Tirana: UN Albania.
362. UNDP (2009) Human Development Report 2009. Overcoming Barriers: Human Mobility and Development. New York: United Nations Development Programme.
363. UNDP-Albania (2008) Partnering for Development: UNDP in Albania 2008. Tirana: UNDP Albania.
364. UNDP-Albania (2006) At Risk: The Social Vulnerability of Roma in Albania. Tirana: UNDP Albania.
365. UNDP-Albania (2005) National Human Development Report Albania: Pro-Poor and ProWomen Policies and Development in Albania. Approaches to Operationalising the Millennium Development Goals in Albania. Tirana: UNDP Albania.
366. UNDP-Albania (1999) National Women Report Albania 1999. Tirana: UNDP Albania.
367. UNDP-Albania and SIDA (2004) Progress Report UNDP Korfa Clean and Green Project. Kora: UNDP Albania.
368. UNICEF (2009) Albanian Migration since the 1990s and its Socio-Economic Influence on the Children Left Behind. New York: UNICEF.
369. Uruci, E. (2008) The role of remittances in the Albanian economy. Paper presented to the conference on ‘Migration and Development in Albania and the Western Balkans: Remittances, Return and Diaspora’, Durres, Albania, 26-27 September 2008.
370. Uruci, E. and Gedeshi, I. (2003) Remittances Management in Albania. Rome: CeSPI Working Paper 5.
371. van Hear, N. (1998) New Diasporas. London: UCL Press.
372. van Hear, N. and Nyberg Sorensen, N. (2003) The Migration—Development Nexus. Geneva: IOM.
373. Van Hook, M., Haxhiymeri, E. and Gjermeni, E. (2006) Sexual trafficking of women. Tragic proportions and attempted solutions in Albania, International Social Work, 49(1): 29-40.
374. Van Hook, M., Haxhiymeri, E. and Gjermeni, E. (2000) Responding to gender violence in Albania. A partnership effort, International Social Work, 43(3): 35163.
375. Vanwey, L. (2004) Altruistic and contractual remittances between male and female migrants and households in rural Thailand, Demography, 41(4): 739-56.
376. Vertovec, S. (2004) Cheap calls: the social glue of migrant transnationalism, Global Networks, 4(2): 219-24.
377. Vertovec, S. (1999) Conceiving and researching transnationalism, Ethnic and Racial Studies., 22(2): 447-62.
378. Vickers, M. (1995) The Albanians: A Modern History. London: I.B.Tauris.
379. Vickers, M. and Pettifer, J. (1997) Albania: From Anarchy to a Balkan Identity. New York: New York University Press.
380. Vullnetari, J. (2009) Women and migration: a view from the village, International Migration., early online view.
381. Vullnetari, J. (2008) The Dynamics between Internal and International Migration: A Development-Oriented Ethnographic Study in Albania. Brighton: University of Sussex, DPhil thesis in Migration Studies.
382. Vullnetari, J. (2007) Albanian Migration and Development. State-of-the-Art Review. Amsterdam: IMISCOE Working Paper 18.
383. Vullnetari, J. and King, R. (2008) ‘Does your granny eat grass?’ On mass migration, care drain and the fate of older people in rural Albania, Global Networks, 8(2): 139-71.
384. Wallerstein, I. (1979) The Capitalist World Economy. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
385. Wheeler, R. (1998) Past and Present Land Tenure Systems in Albania: Patrilineal, Patriarchal, Family-Centred. Madison: University of Wisconsin, Land Tenure Centre Working Paper 13.
386. Whitaker, I. (1981) ‘A sack for carrying things’: the traditional role of women in Northern Albanian society, Anthropological Quarterly, 54(2): 146-56.
387. Wong, M. (2006) The gendered politics of difference in Ghanaian transnational families, Economic Geography, 82(4): 355-81.
388. World Bank (2011) Migration and Remittances Factbook 2011. Washington DC: World Bank (2nd edition).
389. World Bank (2007) Albania: Urban Growth, Migration and Poverty Reduction. A Poverty Assessment. Washington DC: World Bank Report 40071-AL.
390. World Bank (2006a) Global Economic Prospects. Economic Implications of Remittances and Migration. Washington DC: World Bank.
391. World Bank (2006b) Albania: Labour Market Assessment. Washington DC: World Bank Report 34597-AL.
392. Young, A. (2000) Women Who Become Men: Albanian Sworn Virgins. Oxford: Berg.
393. Zezza, A., Carletto, G. and Davis, B. (2005) Moving away from poverty: a spatial analysis of poverty and migration in Albania, Journal of Southern Europe and the Balkans, 7(2): 175-94.
394. Zinn, D.L. (1996) Adriatic brethren or black sheep? Migration in Italy and the Albanian crisis, 1991, European Urban and Regional Studies, 3(3): 241-49.
395. Zolberg, A. (2003) The archaeology of remote control, in Fahrmeir, A., Faron, O. and Weil, P. (eds) Migration Control in the North Atlantic World. London and New York: Berghahn, 195-222.