메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 71, Issue , 2020, Pages

Three decades of increase in health anxiety: Systematic review and meta-analysis of birth cohort changes in university student samples from 1985 to 2017

Author keywords

Birth cohort; Cross temporal meta analysis; Generations; Health anxiety; Hypochondriasis; Students

Indexed keywords

ANXIETY DISORDER; BIRTH; COHORT ANALYSIS; HUMAN; HUMAN COMPUTER INTERACTION; ILLNESS ATTITUDES SCALE; INDEPENDENT VARIABLE; INFORMATION PROCESSING; INTERNET ACCESS; META ANALYSIS (TOPIC); POPULATION RESEARCH; PSYCHOLOGICAL RATING SCALE; REVIEW; SCORING SYSTEM; SENSITIVITY ANALYSIS; SYSTEMATIC REVIEW (TOPIC); UNIVERSITY STUDENT; ANXIETY; ATTITUDE TO HEALTH; EPIDEMIOLOGY; INTERNET; META ANALYSIS; PSYCHOLOGY; STUDENT; UNIVERSITY;

EID: 85081273408     PISSN: 08876185     EISSN: 18737897     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.janxdis.2020.102208     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (39)

References (89)
  • 1
    • 84871031592 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The short health anxiety inventory: A systematic review and meta-analysis
    • Alberts, N.M., Hadjistavropoulos, H.D., Jones, S.L., Sharpe, D., The short health anxiety inventory: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Journal of Anxiety Disorders 27:1 (2013), 68–78, 10.1016/j.janxdis.2012.10.009.
    • (2013) Journal of Anxiety Disorders , vol.27 , Issue.1 , pp. 68-78
    • Alberts, N.M.1    Hadjistavropoulos, H.D.2    Jones, S.L.3    Sharpe, D.4
  • 2
    • 76149145097 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Diffusion of the Internet: A Cross-Country Analysis (Policy research working paper 4420)
    • Retrieved from
    • Andrés, L., Cuberes, D., Diouf, M.A., Serebrisky, T., Diffusion of the Internet: A Cross-Country Analysis (Policy research working paper 4420). Retrieved from, 2007 http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/974931468324552898/pdf/wps4420.pdf.
    • (2007)
    • Andrés, L.1    Cuberes, D.2    Diouf, M.A.3    Serebrisky, T.4
  • 3
    • 84855483315 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Should health anxiety be carved at the joint? A look at the health anxiety construct using factor mixture modeling in a non-clinical sample
    • Asmundson, G.J.R., Taylor, S., Carleton, R.N., Weeks, J.W., Hadjstavropoulos, H.D., Should health anxiety be carved at the joint? A look at the health anxiety construct using factor mixture modeling in a non-clinical sample. Journal of Anxiety Disorders 26:1 (2012), 246–251, 10.1016/j.janxdis.2011.11.009.
    • (2012) Journal of Anxiety Disorders , vol.26 , Issue.1 , pp. 246-251
    • Asmundson, G.J.R.1    Taylor, S.2    Carleton, R.N.3    Weeks, J.W.4    Hadjstavropoulos, H.D.5
  • 4
    • 85076750402 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cognitive behavior therapy for health anxiety: Systematic review and meta-analysis of clinical efficacy and health economic outcomes
    • Axelsson, E., Hedman-Lagerlöf, E., Cognitive behavior therapy for health anxiety: Systematic review and meta-analysis of clinical efficacy and health economic outcomes. Expert Review of Pharmacoeconomics & Outcomes Research 19:6 (2019), 663–676, 10.1080/14737167.2019.1703182.
    • (2019) Expert Review of Pharmacoeconomics & Outcomes Research , vol.19 , Issue.6 , pp. 663-676
    • Axelsson, E.1    Hedman-Lagerlöf, E.2
  • 5
    • 85081237469 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Internet vs. face-to-face cognitive behavior therapy for health anxiety: A randomized noninferiority clinical trial
    • (submitted)
    • Axelsson, E., Andersson, E., Ljótsson, B., Björkander, D., Hedman-Lagerlöf, M., Hedman-Lagerlöf, E., Internet vs. face-to-face cognitive behavior therapy for health anxiety: A randomized noninferiority clinical trial. (submitted), 2020.
    • (2020)
    • Axelsson, E.1    Andersson, E.2    Ljótsson, B.3    Björkander, D.4    Hedman-Lagerlöf, M.5    Hedman-Lagerlöf, E.6
  • 6
    • 84945310031 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Epidemiology of anxiety disorders in the 21st century
    • Bandelow, B., Michaelis, S., Epidemiology of anxiety disorders in the 21st century. Dialogues in Clinical Neuroscience 17:3 (2015), 327–335.
    • (2015) Dialogues in Clinical Neuroscience , vol.17 , Issue.3 , pp. 327-335
    • Bandelow, B.1    Michaelis, S.2
  • 7
    • 84902551574 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Challenging the myth of an “epidemic” of common mental disorders: Trends in the global prevalence of anxiety and depression between 1990 and 2010
    • Baxter, A.J., Scott, K.M., Ferrari, A.J., Norman, R.E., Vos, T., Whiteford, H.A., Challenging the myth of an “epidemic” of common mental disorders: Trends in the global prevalence of anxiety and depression between 1990 and 2010. Depression and Anxiety 31:6 (2014), 506–516, 10.1002/da.22230.
    • (2014) Depression and Anxiety , vol.31 , Issue.6 , pp. 506-516
    • Baxter, A.J.1    Scott, K.M.2    Ferrari, A.J.3    Norman, R.E.4    Vos, T.5    Whiteford, H.A.6
  • 8
    • 85081226794 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Anxiety over health’ caused by cyber-chondria’
    • 7 September 2017, Retrieved from
    • BBC News, Anxiety over health’ caused by cyber-chondria’. 7 September 2017, Retrieved from, 2017 https://www.bbc.com/news/health-41176729.
    • (2017)
    • BBC News1
  • 9
    • 84994691882 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Health anxiety and risk of ischaemic heart disease: a prospective cohort study linking the Hordaland Health Study (HUSK) with the Cardiovascular Diseases in Norway (CVDNOR) project
    • Berge, L.I., Skogen, J.C., Sulo, G., Igland, J., Wilhelmsen, I., Vollset, S.E., Knudsen, A.K., Health anxiety and risk of ischaemic heart disease: a prospective cohort study linking the Hordaland Health Study (HUSK) with the Cardiovascular Diseases in Norway (CVDNOR) project. BMJ Open, 6(11), 2016, e012914, 10.1136/bmjopen-2016-012914.
    • (2016) BMJ Open , vol.6 , Issue.11
    • Berge, L.I.1    Skogen, J.C.2    Sulo, G.3    Igland, J.4    Wilhelmsen, I.5    Vollset, S.E.6    Knudsen, A.K.7
  • 10
    • 84887996915 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Specific and differential prediction of health anxiety by disgust sensitivity and propensity
    • Brady, R.E., Cisler, J.M., Lohr, J.M., Specific and differential prediction of health anxiety by disgust sensitivity and propensity. Anxiety Stress Coping 27:1 (2014), 90–99, 10.1080/10615806.2013.772588.
    • (2014) Anxiety Stress Coping , vol.27 , Issue.1 , pp. 90-99
    • Brady, R.E.1    Cisler, J.M.2    Lohr, J.M.3
  • 12
    • 85018635516 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Longitudinal trends in self-reported anxiety. Effects of age and birth cohort during 25 years
    • Calling, S., Midlöv, P., Johansson, S.E., Sundquist, K., Sundquist, J., Longitudinal trends in self-reported anxiety. Effects of age and birth cohort during 25 years. BMC Psychiatry, 17(1), 2017, 119, 10.1186/s12888-017-1277-3.
    • (2017) BMC Psychiatry , vol.17 , Issue.1 , pp. 119
    • Calling, S.1    Midlöv, P.2    Johansson, S.E.3    Sundquist, K.4    Sundquist, J.5
  • 13
    • 0025281244 scopus 로고
    • High agreement but low kappa: II. Resolving the paradoxes
    • Cicchetti, D.V., Feinstein, A.R., High agreement but low kappa: II. Resolving the paradoxes. Journal of Clinical Epidemiology 43:6 (1990), 551–558, 10.1016/0895-4356(90)90159-M.
    • (1990) Journal of Clinical Epidemiology , vol.43 , Issue.6 , pp. 551-558
    • Cicchetti, D.V.1    Feinstein, A.R.2
  • 14
    • 0003577917 scopus 로고
    • Statistical power analysis for the behavioral sciences
    • Lawrence Erlbaum Associates Hillsdale, NJ
    • Cohen, J., Statistical power analysis for the behavioral sciences. 1988, Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Hillsdale, NJ.
    • (1988)
    • Cohen, J.1
  • 15
    • 41949129749 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Imagined illnesses can cause real problems for medical students
    • Collier, R., Imagined illnesses can cause real problems for medical students. CMAJ: Canadian Medical Association Journal, 178(7), 2008, 820, 10.1503/cmaj.080316.
    • (2008) CMAJ: Canadian Medical Association Journal , vol.178 , Issue.7 , pp. 820
    • Collier, R.1
  • 16
  • 17
    • 0004792733 scopus 로고
    • A factor analysis of items on the MMPI hypochondriasis scale
    • Comrey, A.L., A factor analysis of items on the MMPI hypochondriasis scale. Educational and Psychological Measurement 17:4 (1957), 568–577, 10.1177/001316445701700411.
    • (1957) Educational and Psychological Measurement , vol.17 , Issue.4 , pp. 568-577
    • Comrey, A.L.1
  • 18
  • 20
    • 84955248776 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Review of 30 years of longitudinal studies on the association between job insecurity and health and well-being: Is there causal evidence?
    • de Witte, H., Pienaar, J., de Cuyper, N., Review of 30 years of longitudinal studies on the association between job insecurity and health and well-being: Is there causal evidence?. Australian Psychologist 51:1 (2016), 18–31, 10.1111/ap.12176.
    • (2016) Australian Psychologist , vol.51 , Issue.1 , pp. 18-31
    • de Witte, H.1    Pienaar, J.2    de Cuyper, N.3
  • 21
    • 33645128888 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mortality prediction with a single general self-rated health question. A meta-analysis
    • Desalvo, K.B., Bloser, N., Reynolds, K., He, J., Muntner, P., Mortality prediction with a single general self-rated health question. A meta-analysis. Journal of General Internal Medicine 21:3 (2006), 267–275, 10.1111/j.1525-1497.2005.00291.x.
    • (2006) Journal of General Internal Medicine , vol.21 , Issue.3 , pp. 267-275
    • Desalvo, K.B.1    Bloser, N.2    Reynolds, K.3    He, J.4    Muntner, P.5
  • 23
    • 85081281113 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Students enrolled in tertiary education by education level, programme orientation, sex, type of institution and intensity of participation [educ_uoe_enrt01]
    • Retrieved from
    • Eurostat, Students enrolled in tertiary education by education level, programme orientation, sex, type of institution and intensity of participation [educ_uoe_enrt01]. Retrieved from, 2019 https://appsso.eurostat.ec.europa.eu/nui/show.do?dataset=educ_uoe_enrt01&lang=en.
    • (2019)
    • Eurostat1
  • 24
    • 64849101681 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A taxometric analysis of health anxiety
    • Ferguson, E., A taxometric analysis of health anxiety. Psychological Medicine 39:2 (2009), 277–285, 10.1017/S0033291708003322.
    • (2009) Psychological Medicine , vol.39 , Issue.2 , pp. 277-285
    • Ferguson, E.1
  • 25
    • 52149111045 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • METAREG: Stata module to perform meta-analysis regression
    • Boston College Department of Economics
    • Harbord, R., Higgins, J., METAREG: Stata module to perform meta-analysis regression. Statistical software components, 2004, Boston College Department of Economics.
    • (2004) Statistical software components
    • Harbord, R.1    Higgins, J.2
  • 26
    • 85027526686 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Is the prevalence of mental illness increasing in Australia? Evidence from national health surveys and administrative data, 2001–2014
    • Harvey, S.B., Deady, M., Wang, M.J., Mykletun, A., Butterworth, P., Christensen, H., Mitchell, P.B., Is the prevalence of mental illness increasing in Australia? Evidence from national health surveys and administrative data, 2001–2014. Medical Journal of Australia 206:11 (2017), 490–493, 10.5694/mja16.00295.
    • (2017) Medical Journal of Australia , vol.206 , Issue.11 , pp. 490-493
    • Harvey, S.B.1    Deady, M.2    Wang, M.J.3    Mykletun, A.4    Butterworth, P.5    Christensen, H.6    Mitchell, P.B.7
  • 27
    • 84996502470 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Exposure-based cognitive-behavioural therapy via the internet and as bibliotherapy for somatic symptom disorder and illness anxiety disorder: Randomised controlled trial
    • Hedman, E., Axelsson, E., Andersson, E., Lekander, M., Ljótsson, B., Exposure-based cognitive-behavioural therapy via the internet and as bibliotherapy for somatic symptom disorder and illness anxiety disorder: Randomised controlled trial. British Journal of Psychiatry 209:5 (2016), 407–413, 10.1192/bjp.bp.116.181396.
    • (2016) British Journal of Psychiatry , vol.209 , Issue.5 , pp. 407-413
    • Hedman, E.1    Axelsson, E.2    Andersson, E.3    Lekander, M.4    Ljótsson, B.5
  • 28
    • 84927554745 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Optimal cut-off points on the health anxiety inventory, illness attitude scales and whiteley index to identify severe health anxiety
    • Hedman, E., Lekander, M., Ljótsson, B., Lindefors, N., Rück, C., Andersson, G., Andersson, E., Optimal cut-off points on the health anxiety inventory, illness attitude scales and whiteley index to identify severe health anxiety. PloS One, 10(4), 2015, e0123412, 10.1371/journal.pone.0123412.
    • (2015) PloS One , vol.10 , Issue.4
    • Hedman, E.1    Lekander, M.2    Ljótsson, B.3    Lindefors, N.4    Rück, C.5    Andersson, G.6    Andersson, E.7
  • 29
    • 84923281656 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Psychometric properties of internet-administered measures of health anxiety: An investigation of the health anxiety inventory, the illness attitude scales, and the whiteley index
    • Hedman, E., Ljótsson, B., Andersson, E., Andersson, G., Lindefors, N., Rück, C., Lekander, M., Psychometric properties of internet-administered measures of health anxiety: An investigation of the health anxiety inventory, the illness attitude scales, and the whiteley index. Journal of Anxiety Disorders 31 (2015), 32–37, 10.1016/j.janxdis.2015.01.008.
    • (2015) Journal of Anxiety Disorders , vol.31 , pp. 32-37
    • Hedman, E.1    Ljótsson, B.2    Andersson, E.3    Andersson, G.4    Lindefors, N.5    Rück, C.6    Lekander, M.7
  • 31
    • 85030774040 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The impact of exposure-based cognitive behavior therapy for severe health anxiety on self-rated health: Results from a randomized trial
    • Hedman-Lagerlöf, E., Axelsson, E., Andersson, E., Ljótsson, B., Andreasson, A., Lekander, M., The impact of exposure-based cognitive behavior therapy for severe health anxiety on self-rated health: Results from a randomized trial. Journal of Psychosomatic Research 103 (2017), 9–14, 10.1016/j.jpsychores.2017.09.013.
    • (2017) Journal of Psychosomatic Research , vol.103 , pp. 9-14
    • Hedman-Lagerlöf, E.1    Axelsson, E.2    Andersson, E.3    Ljótsson, B.4    Andreasson, A.5    Lekander, M.6
  • 32
    • 0041876133 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Measuring inconsistency in meta-analyses
    • Higgins, J.P., Thompson, S.G., Deeks, J.J., Altman, D.G., Measuring inconsistency in meta-analyses. BMJ 327:7414 (2003), 557–560, 10.1136/bmj.327.7414.557.
    • (2003) BMJ , vol.327 , Issue.7414 , pp. 557-560
    • Higgins, J.P.1    Thompson, S.G.2    Deeks, J.J.3    Altman, D.G.4
  • 33
    • 85081203592 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Today's teens more anxious, depressed and paranoid than ever
    • December 10, Retrieved from ABC News
    • Hutchison, C., Today's teens more anxious, depressed and paranoid than ever. December 10, Retrieved from, 2009, ABC News https://abcnews.go.com/Health/MindMoodNews/todays-teens-anxious-depressed-paranoid/story?id=9281013.
    • (2009)
    • Hutchison, C.1
  • 34
    • 84922406675 scopus 로고
    • Hypochondriasis: Individual, vicarious, and communal
    • Hutchison, R., Hypochondriasis: Individual, vicarious, and communal. BMJ 1:3817 (1934), 365–367, 10.1136/bmj.1.3817.365.
    • (1934) BMJ , vol.1 , Issue.3817 , pp. 365-367
    • Hutchison, R.1
  • 35
    • 0036890814 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Where the boys aren't: Non-cognitive skills, returns to school and the gender gap in higher education
    • Jacob, B.A., Where the boys aren't: Non-cognitive skills, returns to school and the gender gap in higher education. Economics of Education Review 21:6 (2002), 589–598, 10.1016/s0272-7757(01)00051-6.
    • (2002) Economics of Education Review , vol.21 , Issue.6 , pp. 589-598
    • Jacob, B.A.1
  • 36
    • 0004177173 scopus 로고
    • Somatization and hypochondriasis
    • Praeger Publishers New York
    • Kellner, R., Somatization and hypochondriasis. 1986, Praeger Publishers, New York.
    • (1986)
    • Kellner, R.1
  • 38
    • 0022495553 scopus 로고
    • Hypochondriacal fears and beliefs in medical and law students
    • Kellner, R., Wiggins, R.G., Pathak, D., Hypochondriacal fears and beliefs in medical and law students. Archives of General Psychiatry 43:5 (1986), 487–489, 10.1001/archpsyc.1986.01800050093012.
    • (1986) Archives of General Psychiatry , vol.43 , Issue.5 , pp. 487-489
    • Kellner, R.1    Wiggins, R.G.2    Pathak, D.3
  • 40
    • 0028156958 scopus 로고
    • Lifetime and 12-month prevalence of DSM-III-R psychiatric disorders in the United States. Results from the National Comorbidity Survey
    • Kessler, R.C., McGonagle, K.A., Zhao, S., Nelson, C.B., Hughes, M., Eshleman, S., Kendler, K.S., Lifetime and 12-month prevalence of DSM-III-R psychiatric disorders in the United States. Results from the National Comorbidity Survey. Archives of General Psychiatry 51:1 (1994), 8–19, 10.1001/archpsyc.1994.03950010008002.
    • (1994) Archives of General Psychiatry , vol.51 , Issue.1 , pp. 8-19
    • Kessler, R.C.1    McGonagle, K.A.2    Zhao, S.3    Nelson, C.B.4    Hughes, M.5    Eshleman, S.6    Kendler, K.S.7
  • 41
    • 20344385026 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Lifetime prevalence and age-of-onset distributions of DSM-IV disorders in the National Comorbidity Survey Replication
    • Kessler, R.C., Berglund, P., Demler, O., Jin, R., Merikangas, K.R., Walters, E.E., Lifetime prevalence and age-of-onset distributions of DSM-IV disorders in the National Comorbidity Survey Replication. Archives of General Psychiatry 62:6 (2005), 593–602, 10.1001/archpsyc.62.6.593.
    • (2005) Archives of General Psychiatry , vol.62 , Issue.6 , pp. 593-602
    • Kessler, R.C.1    Berglund, P.2    Demler, O.3    Jin, R.4    Merikangas, K.R.5    Walters, E.E.6
  • 42
    • 20344374645 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prevalence, severity, and comorbidity of 12-month DSM-IV disorders in the National Comorbidity Survey Replication
    • Kessler, R.C., Chiu, W.T., Demler, O., Merikangas, K.R., Walters, E.E., Prevalence, severity, and comorbidity of 12-month DSM-IV disorders in the National Comorbidity Survey Replication. Archives of General Psychiatry 62:6 (2005), 617–627, 10.1001/archpsyc.62.6.617.
    • (2005) Archives of General Psychiatry , vol.62 , Issue.6 , pp. 617-627
    • Kessler, R.C.1    Chiu, W.T.2    Demler, O.3    Merikangas, K.R.4    Walters, E.E.5
  • 43
    • 0017360990 scopus 로고
    • The measurement of observer agreement for categorical data
    • Landis, J.R., Koch, G.G., The measurement of observer agreement for categorical data. Biometrics 33:1 (1977), 159–174, 10.2307/2529310.
    • (1977) Biometrics , vol.33 , Issue.1 , pp. 159-174
    • Landis, J.R.1    Koch, G.G.2
  • 45
    • 15244343343 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Assessment of the hypochondriasis domain: The multidimensional inventory of hypochondriacal traits (MIHT)
    • Longley, S.L., Watson, D., Noyes, R. Jr., Assessment of the hypochondriasis domain: The multidimensional inventory of hypochondriacal traits (MIHT). Psychological Assessment 17:1 (2005), 3–14, 10.1037/1040-3590.17.1.3.
    • (2005) Psychological Assessment , vol.17 , Issue.1 , pp. 3-14
    • Longley, S.L.1    Watson, D.2    Noyes, R.3
  • 46
    • 0035025135 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hypochondriacal concerns in a community population
    • Looper, K.J., Kirmayer, L.J., Hypochondriacal concerns in a community population. Psychological Medicine 31:4 (2001), 577–584, 10.1017/S0033291701003737.
    • (2001) Psychological Medicine , vol.31 , Issue.4 , pp. 577-584
    • Looper, K.J.1    Kirmayer, L.J.2
  • 47
    • 4644249244 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The health anxiety questionnaire
    • Lucock, M.P., Morley, S., The health anxiety questionnaire. British Journal of Health Psychology 1:2 (1996), 137–150, 10.1111/j.2044-8287.1996.tb00498.x.
    • (1996) British Journal of Health Psychology , vol.1 , Issue.2 , pp. 137-150
    • Lucock, M.P.1    Morley, S.2
  • 48
    • 33749003082 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Features of hypochondriasis and illness worry in the general population in Germany
    • Martin, A., Jacobi, F., Features of hypochondriasis and illness worry in the general population in Germany. Psychosomatic Medicine 68:5 (2006), 770–777, 10.1097/01.psy.0000238213.04984.b0.
    • (2006) Psychosomatic Medicine , vol.68 , Issue.5 , pp. 770-777
    • Martin, A.1    Jacobi, F.2
  • 49
    • 0042048466 scopus 로고
    • A multiphasic personality schedule (Minnesota). II. A differential study of hypochondriasis
    • McKinley, J.C., Hathaway, S.R., A multiphasic personality schedule (Minnesota). II. A differential study of hypochondriasis. Journal of Psychology 10:2 (1940), 255–268, 10.1080/00223980.1940.9917001.
    • (1940) Journal of Psychology , vol.10 , Issue.2 , pp. 255-268
    • McKinley, J.C.1    Hathaway, S.R.2
  • 50
    • 79960584977 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Gender differences in anxiety disorders: Prevalence, course of illness, comorbidity and burden of illness
    • McLean, C.P., Asnaani, A., Litz, B.T., Hofmann, S.G., Gender differences in anxiety disorders: Prevalence, course of illness, comorbidity and burden of illness. Journal of Psychiatric Research 45:8 (2011), 1027–1035, 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2011.03.006.
    • (2011) Journal of Psychiatric Research , vol.45 , Issue.8 , pp. 1027-1035
    • McLean, C.P.1    Asnaani, A.2    Litz, B.T.3    Hofmann, S.G.4
  • 52
  • 53
    • 0034337148 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Equating and linking of performance assessments
    • Muraki, E., Hombo, C.M., Lee, Y.W., Equating and linking of performance assessments. Applied Psychological Measurement 24:4 (2000), 325–337, 10.1177/01466210022031787.
    • (2000) Applied Psychological Measurement , vol.24 , Issue.4 , pp. 325-337
    • Muraki, E.1    Hombo, C.M.2    Lee, Y.W.3
  • 54
    • 85081238807 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dr Google will see you now: Search giant wants to cash in on your medical queries
    • Retrieved from The Telegraph
    • Murphy, M., Dr Google will see you now: Search giant wants to cash in on your medical queries. Retrieved from, 2019, The Telegraph https://www.telegraph.co.uk/technology/2019/03/10/google-sifting-one-billion-health-questions-day/.
    • (2019)
    • Murphy, M.1
  • 56
    • 85081253460 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Anxiety in the West: Is it on the rise?
    • 5 September 2018, Retrieved from Medical News Today
    • Newman, T., Anxiety in the West: Is it on the rise?. 5 September 2018, Retrieved from, 2018, Medical News Today https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/322877.php.
    • (2018)
    • Newman, T.1
  • 57
    • 27644532549 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prevalence and correlates of illness worry in the general population
    • Noyes, R., Carney, C.P., Hillis, S.L., Jones, L.E., Langbehn, D.R., Prevalence and correlates of illness worry in the general population. Psychosomatics 46:6 (2005), 529–539, 10.1176/appi.psy.46.6.529.
    • (2005) Psychosomatics , vol.46 , Issue.6 , pp. 529-539
    • Noyes, R.1    Carney, C.P.2    Hillis, S.L.3    Jones, L.E.4    Langbehn, D.R.5
  • 58
  • 59
    • 84902665817 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cognitive-behavioral therapy for hypochondriasis/health anxiety: A meta-analysis of treatment outcome and moderators
    • Olatunji, B.O., Kauffman, B.Y., Meltzer, S., Davis, M.L., Smits, J.A., Powers, M.B., Cognitive-behavioral therapy for hypochondriasis/health anxiety: A meta-analysis of treatment outcome and moderators. Behaviour Research and Therapy 58 (2014), 65–74, 10.1016/j.brat.2014.05.002.
    • (2014) Behaviour Research and Therapy , vol.58 , pp. 65-74
    • Olatunji, B.O.1    Kauffman, B.Y.2    Meltzer, S.3    Davis, M.L.4    Smits, J.A.5    Powers, M.B.6
  • 60
  • 61
    • 0014041796 scopus 로고
    • Dimensions of hypochondriasis
    • Pilowsky, I., Dimensions of hypochondriasis. The British Journal of Psychiatry 113:494 (1967), 89–93, 10.1192/bjp.113.494.89.
    • (1967) The British Journal of Psychiatry , vol.113 , Issue.494 , pp. 89-93
    • Pilowsky, I.1
  • 62
    • 84964157279 scopus 로고
    • The response to treatment in hypochondriacal disorders
    • Pilowsky, I., The response to treatment in hypochondriacal disorders. Australas Psychiatry 2:2 (1968), 88–94, 10.3109/00048676809159218.
    • (1968) Australas Psychiatry , vol.2 , Issue.2 , pp. 88-94
    • Pilowsky, I.1
  • 63
    • 0016757804 scopus 로고
    • Patterns of illness behaviour in patients with intractable pain
    • Pilowsky, I., Spence, N.D., Patterns of illness behaviour in patients with intractable pain. Journal of Psychosomatic Research 19:4 (1975), 279–287, 10.1016/0022-3999(75)90026-4.
    • (1975) Journal of Psychosomatic Research , vol.19 , Issue.4 , pp. 279-287
    • Pilowsky, I.1    Spence, N.D.2
  • 64
    • 61849115228 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A meta-analysis of the five-factor model of personality and academic performance
    • Poropat, A.E., A meta-analysis of the five-factor model of personality and academic performance. Psychological Bulletin 135:2 (2009), 322–338, 10.1037/a0014996.
    • (2009) Psychological Bulletin , vol.135 , Issue.2 , pp. 322-338
    • Poropat, A.E.1
  • 65
    • 84859530181 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Parental-reported health anxiety symptoms in 5- to 7-year-old children: The Copenhagen Child Cohort CCC 2000
    • Rask, C.U., Elberling, H., Skovgaard, A.M., Thomsen, P.H., Fink, P., Parental-reported health anxiety symptoms in 5- to 7-year-old children: The Copenhagen Child Cohort CCC 2000. Psychosomatics 53:1 (2012), 58–67, 10.1016/j.psym.2011.05.006.
    • (2012) Psychosomatics , vol.53 , Issue.1 , pp. 58-67
    • Rask, C.U.1    Elberling, H.2    Skovgaard, A.M.3    Thomsen, P.H.4    Fink, P.5
  • 66
    • 1542327760 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Do psychosocial and study skill factors predict college outcomes? A meta-analysis
    • Robbins, S.B., Lauver, K., Le, H., Davis, D., Langley, R., Carlstrom, A., Do psychosocial and study skill factors predict college outcomes? A meta-analysis. Psychological Bulletin 130:2 (2004), 261–288, 10.1037/0033-2909.130.2.261.
    • (2004) Psychological Bulletin , vol.130 , Issue.2 , pp. 261-288
    • Robbins, S.B.1    Lauver, K.2    Le, H.3    Davis, D.4    Langley, R.5    Carlstrom, A.6
  • 68
  • 69
    • 0036020731 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The Health Anxiety Inventory: Development and validation of scales for the measurement of health anxiety and hypochondriasis
    • Salkovskis, P.M., Rimes, K., Warwick, H., Clark, D., The Health Anxiety Inventory: Development and validation of scales for the measurement of health anxiety and hypochondriasis. Psychological Medicine 32:5 (2002), 843–853, 10.1017/S0033291702005822.
    • (2002) Psychological Medicine , vol.32 , Issue.5 , pp. 843-853
    • Salkovskis, P.M.1    Rimes, K.2    Warwick, H.3    Clark, D.4
  • 70
    • 84885302003 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Negative automatic evaluation and better recognition of bodily symptom words in college students with elevated health anxiety
    • Schmidt, E., Witthöft, M., Kornadt, A., Rist, F., Bailer, J., Negative automatic evaluation and better recognition of bodily symptom words in college students with elevated health anxiety. Cognitive Therapy and Research 37:5 (2013), 1027–1040, 10.1007/s10608-013-9540-5.
    • (2013) Cognitive Therapy and Research , vol.37 , Issue.5 , pp. 1027-1040
    • Schmidt, E.1    Witthöft, M.2    Kornadt, A.3    Rist, F.4    Bailer, J.5
  • 71
    • 85043781456 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Age of anxiety and depression revisited: A meta-analysis of two European community samples (1964–2015)
    • Schurmann, J., Margraf, J., Age of anxiety and depression revisited: A meta-analysis of two European community samples (1964–2015). International Journal of Clinical and Health Psychology 18:2 (2018), 102–112, 10.1016/j.ijchp.2018.02.002.
    • (2018) International Journal of Clinical and Health Psychology , vol.18 , Issue.2 , pp. 102-112
    • Schurmann, J.1    Margraf, J.2
  • 72
    • 84897380516 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Confirmation bias in web-based search: A randomized online study on the effects of expert information and social tags on information search and evaluation
    • Schweiger, S., Oeberst, A., Cress, U., Confirmation bias in web-based search: A randomized online study on the effects of expert information and social tags on information search and evaluation. Journal of Medical Internet Research, 16(3), 2014, e94, 10.2196/jmir.3044.
    • (2014) Journal of Medical Internet Research , vol.16 , Issue.3 , pp. e94
    • Schweiger, S.1    Oeberst, A.2    Cress, U.3
  • 73
    • 49149099310 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The Illness Attitude Scales: A clinimetric index for assessing hypochondriacal fears and beliefs
    • Sirri, L., Grandi, S., Fava, G.A., The Illness Attitude Scales: A clinimetric index for assessing hypochondriacal fears and beliefs. Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics 77:6 (2008), 337–350, 10.1159/000151387.
    • (2008) Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics , vol.77 , Issue.6 , pp. 337-350
    • Sirri, L.1    Grandi, S.2    Fava, G.A.3
  • 74
    • 84941600193 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Adolescents’ hypochondriacal fears and beliefs: Relationship with demographic features, psychological distress, well-being and health-related behaviors
    • Sirri, L., Ricci Garotti, M.G., Grandi, S., Tossani, E., Adolescents’ hypochondriacal fears and beliefs: Relationship with demographic features, psychological distress, well-being and health-related behaviors. Journal of Psychosomatic Research 79:4 (2015), 259–264, 10.1016/j.jpsychores.2015.07.002.
    • (2015) Journal of Psychosomatic Research , vol.79 , Issue.4 , pp. 259-264
    • Sirri, L.1    Ricci Garotti, M.G.2    Grandi, S.3    Tossani, E.4
  • 75
    • 84873126675 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cyberchondria: Towards a better understanding of excessive health-related Internet use
    • Starcevic, V., Berle, D., Cyberchondria: Towards a better understanding of excessive health-related Internet use. Expert Review of Neurotherapeutics 13:2 (2013), 205–213, 10.1586/ern.12.162.
    • (2013) Expert Review of Neurotherapeutics , vol.13 , Issue.2 , pp. 205-213
    • Starcevic, V.1    Berle, D.2
  • 76
    • 84872169605 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Health anxiety in Australia: Prevalence, comorbidity, disability and service use
    • Sunderland, M., Newby, J.M., Andrews, G., Health anxiety in Australia: Prevalence, comorbidity, disability and service use. British Journal of Psychiatry 202:1 (2013), 56–61, 10.1192/bjp.bp.111.103960.
    • (2013) British Journal of Psychiatry , vol.202 , Issue.1 , pp. 56-61
    • Sunderland, M.1    Newby, J.M.2    Andrews, G.3
  • 77
    • 84982733898 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The curious case of cyberchondria: A longitudinal study on the reciprocal relationship between health anxiety and online health information seeking
    • te Poel, F., Baumgartner, S.E., Hartmann, T., Tanis, M., The curious case of cyberchondria: A longitudinal study on the reciprocal relationship between health anxiety and online health information seeking. Journal of Anxiety Disorders 43 (2016), 32–40, 10.1016/j.janxdis.2016.07.009.
    • (2016) Journal of Anxiety Disorders , vol.43 , pp. 32-40
    • te Poel, F.1    Baumgartner, S.E.2    Hartmann, T.3    Tanis, M.4
  • 78
    • 0034567369 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The age of anxiety? The birth cohort change in anxiety and neuroticism, 1952–1993
    • Twenge, J.M., The age of anxiety? The birth cohort change in anxiety and neuroticism, 1952–1993. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 79:6 (2000), 1007–1021, 10.1037/0022-3514.79.6.1007.
    • (2000) Journal of Personality and Social Psychology , vol.79 , Issue.6 , pp. 1007-1021
    • Twenge, J.M.1
  • 79
    • 74149089630 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Birth cohort increases in psychopathology among young Americans, 1938–2007: A cross-temporal meta-analysis of the MMPI
    • Twenge, J.M., Gentile, B., DeWall, C.N., Ma, D., Lacefield, K., Schurtz, D.R., Birth cohort increases in psychopathology among young Americans, 1938–2007: A cross-temporal meta-analysis of the MMPI. Clinical Psychology Review 30:2 (2010), 145–154, 10.1016/j.cpr.2009.10.005.
    • (2010) Clinical Psychology Review , vol.30 , Issue.2 , pp. 145-154
    • Twenge, J.M.1    Gentile, B.2    DeWall, C.N.3    Ma, D.4    Lacefield, K.5    Schurtz, D.R.6
  • 80
    • 85070269004 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Increase in the prevalence of health anxiety in medical clinics: Possible cyberchondria
    • Tyrer, P., Cooper, S., Tyrer, H., Wang, D., Bassett, P., Increase in the prevalence of health anxiety in medical clinics: Possible cyberchondria. International Journal of Social Psychiatry 65:7–8 (2019), 566–569, 10.1177/0020764019866231.
    • (2019) International Journal of Social Psychiatry , vol.65 , Issue.7-8 , pp. 566-569
    • Tyrer, P.1    Cooper, S.2    Tyrer, H.3    Wang, D.4    Bassett, P.5
  • 81
    • 84969939846 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Health anxiety: The silent, disabling epidemic
    • Tyrer, P., Eilenberg, T., Fink, P., Hedman, E., Tyrer, H., Health anxiety: The silent, disabling epidemic. BMJ, 353, 2016, 10.1136/bmj.i2250.
    • (2016) BMJ , vol.353
    • Tyrer, P.1    Eilenberg, T.2    Fink, P.3    Hedman, E.4    Tyrer, H.5
  • 82
    • 84941600229 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Somatic symptoms and psychological concerns in a general adolescent population: Exploring the relevance of DSM-5 somatic symptom disorder
    • van Geelen, S.M., Rydelius, P.A., Hagquist, C., Somatic symptoms and psychological concerns in a general adolescent population: Exploring the relevance of DSM-5 somatic symptom disorder. Journal of Psychosomatic Research 79:4 (2015), 251–258, 10.1016/j.jpsychores.2015.07.012.
    • (2015) Journal of Psychosomatic Research , vol.79 , Issue.4 , pp. 251-258
    • van Geelen, S.M.1    Rydelius, P.A.2    Hagquist, C.3
  • 83
    • 84906789967 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Confirmatory factor analysis and item response theory analysis of the Whiteley Index. Results from a large population based study in Norway. The Hordaland Health Study (HUSK)
    • Veddegjærde, K.E., Sivertsen, B., Wilhelmsen, I., Skogen, J.C., Confirmatory factor analysis and item response theory analysis of the Whiteley Index. Results from a large population based study in Norway. The Hordaland Health Study (HUSK). Journal of Psychosomatic Research 77:3 (2014), 213–218, 10.1016/j.jpsychores.2014.06.011.
    • (2014) Journal of Psychosomatic Research , vol.77 , Issue.3 , pp. 213-218
    • Veddegjærde, K.E.1    Sivertsen, B.2    Wilhelmsen, I.3    Skogen, J.C.4
  • 84
    • 84893454632 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Epidemiology of hypochondriasis and health anxiety: Comparison of different diagnostic criteria
    • Weck, F., Richtberg, S., Neng, J., Epidemiology of hypochondriasis and health anxiety: Comparison of different diagnostic criteria. Current Psychiatry Reviews 10:1 (2014), 14–23, 10.2174/1573400509666131119004444.
    • (2014) Current Psychiatry Reviews , vol.10 , Issue.1 , pp. 14-23
    • Weck, F.1    Richtberg, S.2    Neng, J.3
  • 85
    • 68749093807 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Measuring health anxiety: Moving past the dichotomous response option of the original Whiteley Index
    • Welch, P.G., Carleton, R.N., Asmundson, G.J., Measuring health anxiety: Moving past the dichotomous response option of the original Whiteley Index. Journal of Anxiety Disorders 23:7 (2009), 1002–1007, 10.1016/j.janxdis.2009.05.006.
    • (2009) Journal of Anxiety Disorders , vol.23 , Issue.7 , pp. 1002-1007
    • Welch, P.G.1    Carleton, R.N.2    Asmundson, G.J.3
  • 86
    • 75149180454 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cyberchondria: Studies of the escalation of medical concerns in web search
    • White, R.W., Horvitz, E., Cyberchondria: Studies of the escalation of medical concerns in web search. ACM Transactions on Information Systems 27:4 (2009), 1–37, 10.1145/1629096.1629101.
    • (2009) ACM Transactions on Information Systems , vol.27 , Issue.4 , pp. 1-37
    • White, R.W.1    Horvitz, E.2
  • 88
    • 85051637549 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Individuals using the Internet (% of population)
    • Retrieved from
    • World Bank, W.D.I., Individuals using the Internet (% of population). Retrieved from, 2019 https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/IT.NET.USER.ZS.
    • (2019)
    • World Bank, W.D.I.1
  • 89
    • 0345257739 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Health anxiety in children: Development and psychometric properties of the Childhood Illness Attitude Scales
    • Wright, K.D., Asmundson, G.J., Health anxiety in children: Development and psychometric properties of the Childhood Illness Attitude Scales. Cognitive Behaviour Therapy 32:4 (2003), 194–202, 10.1080/16506070310014691.
    • (2003) Cognitive Behaviour Therapy , vol.32 , Issue.4 , pp. 194-202
    • Wright, K.D.1    Asmundson, G.J.2


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.