Results of the monitoring of perfluoroalkylated substances in food in the period 2000 - 2009

EFSA Journal

Volumn 9, Issue 2, 2011, Pages

[No Author Info available]

Author keywords

food; occurrence; Perfluoroalkylated substances; PFAS; PFOA; PFOS

Indexed keywords

EID: 85078380170     PISSN: None     EISSN: 18314732     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.2903/j.efsa.2011.2016     Document Type: Article

References (67)

1. Agence Française de Sécurité Sanitaire des Aliments (AFSSA), (2009) Opinion of the French Food Safety Agency on potential human health risks related to the residual presence of perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) in non-stick coatings for cookware. AFSSA – Request n$dG 2007-SA-0391. www.afssa.fr/Documents/MCDA2007sa0391EN.pdf (accessed 10 November 2010)
2. Ahrens L, Felizeter S, Sturm R, Xie Z, Ebinghaus R. (2009) Polyfluorinated compounds in waste water treatment plant effluents and surface waters along the River Elbe, Germany. Marine Pollution Bulletin 58:1326–1333.
3. Ballesteros-Gómez A, Rubio S, van Leeuwen SPJ. (2010) Tetrahydrofuran-water extraction, in-line clean-up and selective liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry for the quantitation of perfluorinated compounds in food at the low picogram per gram level. Journal of Chromatography A, 1217:5913–5921.
4. Bao J, Liu W, Liu L, Jin Y, Ran X, Zhang Z. (2010) Perfluorinated compounds in urban river sediments from Guangzhou and Shanghai of China. Chemosphere 80:123–130.
5. Benskin JP, Bataineh MJ, Martin W. (2007) Simultaneous characterization of perfluoroalkyl carboxylate, sulfonate and sulfonamide isomers by liquid chromatography – tandem mass spectrometry. Anal. Chem., 79, 6455–6464.
6. Berger U, Glynn A, Holmström KE, Berglund M, Ankarberg EH, Törnkvist A. (2009) Fish consumption as a source of human exposure to perfluorinated alkyl substances in Sweden – Analysis of edible fish from Lake Vättern and the Baltic Sea. Chemosphere 76:799–804.
7. Brandsma SH, Smithwick M, Solomon K, Small J, de Boer J, Muir DCG. (2011) Dietary exposure of rainbow trout to 8:2 and 10:2 fluorotelomer alcohols and perfluorooctanesulfonamide: Uptake, transformation and elimination. Chemosphere 82:253–258.
8. Bundesinstitut für Risikobewertung (BfR). (2008) Gesundheitliche Risiken durch PFOS und PFOA in Lebensmitteln sind nach dem derzeitigen wissenschaftlichen Kenntnisstand unwahrscheinlich. Stellungnahme 004/2009 des BfR vom 11. September 2008. Available at: www.bfr.bund.de/cm/208/gesundheitliche_risiken_durch_pfos_und_pfoa_in_lebensmitteln.pdf.
9. Busch J, Ahrens L, Sturm R, Ebinghaus R. (2010) Polyfluoroalkyl compounds in landfill leachates. Environmental Pollution 158:1467–1471.
10. Butt CM, Berger U, Bossi R, Tomy GT. (2010) Levels and trends of poly- and perfluorinated compounds in the arctic environment. Science of the Total Environment 408:2936–2965.
11. Clara M, Gans O, Weiss S, Sanz-Escribano D, Scharf S, Scheffknecht C. (2009) Perfluorinated alkylated substances in the aquatic environment: An Austrian case study. Water Research 43:470–4768.
12. Committee on Toxicity (COT). (2006b) COT statement on the tolerable daily intake for perfluorooctanoic acid. COT statement 2006/10. cot.food.gov.uk/cotstatements/cotstatementsyrs/cotstatements2006/cotstatementpfoa200610, (accessed 10 November 2010).
13. D'Hollander W, Roosens L, Covaci A, Cornelis C, Reynders H, Campenhout K van, Voogt P de, Bervoets L. (2010) Brominated flame retardants and perfluorinated compounds in indoor dust from homes and offices in Flanders, Belgium. Chemosphere 81:478–487.
14. Delinsky AD, Strynar MJ, Nakayama SF, Varns JL, Ye X. McCann PJ, Lindstroma AB. (2009) Determination of ten perfluorinated compounds in bluegill sunfish (Lepomis macrochirus) fillets. Environmental Research109:975–984.
15. Dreyer A, Matthias V, Weinberg I, Ebinghaus R. (2010) Wet deposition of poly- and perfluorinated compounds in Northern Germany. Environmental Pollution 158:1221–1227.
16. Eggen T, Moeder M, Arukwe A. (2010) Municipal landfill leachates: A significant source for new and emerging pollutants. Science of the Total Environment 408:5147–5157.
17. Ericson I, Gómez M, Nadal M, Bavel B van, Lindström G, Domingo JL. (2007) Perfluorinated chemicals in blood of residents in Catalonia (Spain) in relation to age and gender: A pilot study. Environment International 33:616–623.
18. Eriksen KT, Raaschou-Nielsenb O, Sørensen M, Roursgaard M, Loft S, Møller P. (2010) Genotoxic potential of the perfluorinated chemicals PFOA, PFOS, PFBS, PFNA and PFHxA in human HepG2 cells. Mutation Research 700:39–43.
19. Eschauzier C, Haftka, Stuyfzand PJ, Voogt P de. (2010) Perfluorinated compounds in infiltrated river Rhine water and infiltrated rainwater in coastal dunes. Environ. Sci. Technol. 44:7450–7455.
20. European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) (2008) Opinion of the Scientific Panel on Contaminants in the Food chain on Perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS), perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) and their salts. The EFSA Journal 653:1–131.
21. Fromme H, Tittlemier SA, Völkel W, Wilhelm M, Twardella D. (2009) Perfluorinated compounds-Exposure assessment for the general population in western countries. Int. J. Hyg. Environ. Health 212:239–270.
22. Genuis SJ, Birkholz D, Ralitsch M, Thibault N. (2010) Human detoxification of perfluorinated compounds. Public Health 124:367–375.
23. Haug LS, Salihovic S, Jogsten IE, Thomsen C, Bavel B van, Lindström G, Becher G. (2010a) Levels in food and beverages and daily intake of perfluorinated compounds in Norway. Chemosphere 80:1137–1143.
24. Haug LS, Thomsen C, Brantsæter AL, Kvalem HE, Haugen M, Becher G, Alexander J, Meltzer HM, Knutsen HK. (2010b). Diet and particularly seafood are major sources of perfluorinated compounds in humans. Environment International 36:772–778.
25. Haukås M, Berger U, Hop H, Gulliksen G, Gabrielsen GW. (2007) Bioaccumulation of per- and polyfluorinated alkyl substances (PFAS) in selected species from the Barents Sea food web. Environmental Pollution 148:360–371.
26. Herzke D, Nygård T, Berger U, Huber S, Røv N. (2009) Perfluorinated and other persistent halogenated organic compounds in European shag (Phalacrocorax aristotelis) and common eider (Somateria mollissima) from Norway: A suburban to remote pollutant gradient. Science of the Total Environment 408: 340–348.
27. Ingelido AM, Marra V, Abballe A, Valentini S, Iacovella N, Barbieri P, Porpora MG, di Domenico A, de Felip E. (2010) Perfluorooctanesulfonate and perfluorooctanoic acid exposures of the Italian general population. Chemosphere 80:1125–1130.
28. Jogsten IE, Perelló G, Llebaria X, Bigas E, Martí-Cid R, Kärrman A, Domingo JL. (2009) Exposure to perfluorinated compounds in Catalonia, Spain, through consumption of various raw and cooked foodstuffs, including packaged food. Food and Chemical Toxicology 47:1577–1583.
29. Johansson N, Benford D, Carere A, De Boer J, Dellatte E, Voogt P de, Di Domenico A, Heppner CW, Schoeters G, Schrenk D (2009) EFSA's risk assessment on PFOS and PFOA in the food. Toxicol Lett 189-S1: S42.
30. Jones PD, Hu W, Coen W de, Newsted JL, Giesy JP. (2003) Binding of perfluorinated fatty acids to serum proteins. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry 22, 2639–2649.
31. Kärrman A, Bavel B van, Järnberg U, Hardell L, Lindström G. (2006) Perfluorinated chemicals in relation to other persistent organic pollutants in human blood. Chemosphere 64:1582–1591.
32. Kärrman A, Harada KH, Inoue K, Takasuga T, Ohi T, Koizumi A. (2009) Relationship between dietary exposure and serum perfluorochemical (PFC) levels-A case study. Environment International 35:712–717.
33. Lau C, Anitole K, Hodes C, Lai D, Pfahles-Hutchens A, Seed J. (2007) Perfluoroalkyl acids: a review of monitoring and toxicological findings. Toxicol. Sci. 99, 366–394.
34. Leeuwen SPJ van, Velzen M van, Swart K, Veen, I van der, Traag W, Boer J de. (2009). Halogenated contaminants in farmed salmon, trout, tilapia, pangasius and shrimps. Environmental Science & Technology, 43:4009–4015.
35. Lin AYC, Panchangam SC, Ciou PS. (2010) High levels of perfluorochemicals in Taiwan's wastewater treatment plants and downstream rivers pose great risk to local aquatic ecosystems. Chemosphere 80:1167–1174.
36. Loganathan BG, Sajwan KS, Sinclair E, Senthil Kumar KS, Kannan K. (2007) Perfluoroalkyl sulfonates and perfluorocarboxylates in two wastewater treatment facilities in Kentucky and Georgia. Water Research 41:4611–4620.
37. Longnecker MP, Smith CS, Kissling GE, Hoppin JA, Butenhoff JL, Decker E, Ehresmand DJ, Ellefson ME, Flaherty J, Gardner MS, Langlois E, LeBlanc A, Lindstromh AB, Reagen WK, Strynar MJ, Studabaker WB. (2008) An interlaboratory study of perfluorinated alkyl compound levels in human plasma. Environmental Research 107:152–159.
38. Loos R, Locoro G, Huber T, Wollgast J, Christoph EH, Jager A de, Gawlik BM, Hanke G, Umlauf G, Zaldivar J-M. (2008) Analysis of perfluorooctanoate (PFOA) and other perfluorinated compounds (PFCs) in the River Po watershed in N-Italy. Chemosphere, 71: 306–313.
39. Meyer J, Jaspers VLB, Eens M, Coen W de. (2009) The relationship between perfluorinated chemical levels in the feathers and livers of birds from different trophic levels. Science of the Total Environment 407:5894–5900.
40. Möller A, Ahrens L, Surm R, Westerveld J, van der Wielen F, Ebinghaus R, Voogt P de, (2010) Distribution and sources of polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in the River Rhine watershed, Environ Pollution 158, 3243–3250.
41. Murakami M, Takada H. (2008) Perfluorinated surfactants (PFSs) in size-fractionated street dust in Tokyo. Chemosphere 73:1172–1177.
42. Murakami M, Shinohara H, Takada H. (2009) Evaluation of wastewater and street runoff as sources of perfluorinated surfactants (PFSs). Chemosphere 74:487–493.
43. Nania V, Pellegrini GE, Fabrizi L, Sesta G, De Sanctis P, Lucchetti D, Di Pasquale M, Coni E. (2009) Monitoring of perfluorinated compounds in edible fish from the Mediterranean Sea. Food Chemistry 115:951–957.
44. Nash SB, Rintoul SR, Kawaguchi S, Staniland I, Hoff J van den, Tierney M, Bossi R. (2010) Perfluorinated compounds in the Antarctic region: Ocean circulation provides prolonged protection from distance sources. Environmental Pollution 158:2985–2991.
45. Nelson JW, Fraser AJ, Hatch EE, Scammell MK, Webster TF. (2010) Fast food consumption and other dietary measures predict PFC serum concentrations in the U.S. population. www.xcdtech.com/dioxin2010/pdf/1476.pdf (accessed 20 January 2011)
46. Olsen GW, Mair DC, Reagen WK, Ellefson ME, Ehresman DJ, Butenhoff JL, Zobel LR. (2007) Preliminary evidence of a decline in perfluorooctanesulfonate (PFOS) and perfluorooctanoate (PFOA) concentrations in American Red Cross blood donors. Chemosphere 68:105–111.
47. Pan G and You C. (2010) Sediment-water distribution of perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) in Yangtze River Estuary. Environmental Pollution 158:1363–1367.
48. Parsons JR, Sáez M, Dolfing J, Voogt P de. (2008) Biodegradation of Perfluorinated Compounds. In Whitacre D.M. (ed.) Reviews of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, Vol 196, doi: 10.1007/978-0-387-78444-1_2. www.ceg.ncl.ac.uk/ecoserv/assets/pdf/dolfing083.pdf, (accessed 22 September 2010).
49. Peden-Adams MM, Stuckey JE, Gaworecki KM, Berger-Ritchie J, Bryant K, Jodice PG, Scott TR, Ferrario JB, Guan B, Vigo C, Boone JS, McGuinn WD, DeWitt JC, Keil DE. (2009) Developmental toxicity in white leghorn chickens following in ovo exposure to perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS). Reproductive Toxicology 27:307–318.
50. Pinkas A, Slotkin TA, Brick-Turin Y, Zee EA van der, Yanai Y. (2010) Neurobehavioral teratogenicity of perfluorinated alkyls in an avian model. Neurotoxicology and Teratology 32:182–186.
51. Prevedouros K, Cousins IT, Buck RC, Korzeniowski SH. (2006) Sources, Fate and Transport of Perfluorocarboxylates. Environmental Science & Technology, 40:32–44.
52. Sánchez-Avila J, Meyer J, Lacorte S. (2010) Spatial distribution and sources of perfluorochemicals in the NW Mediterranean coastal waters (Catalonia, Spain). Environmental Pollution 158:2833–2840.
53. SAS Institute (1999). SAS Online Doc1, Version 8. Cary, NC: SAS Institute Inc.
54. Schiavone A, Corsolini S, Kannan K, Tao L, Trivelpiece W, Torres Jr. D, Focardi S. (2009) Perfluorinated contaminants in fur seal pups and penguin eggs from South Shetland, Antarctica. Science of the Total Environment 407:3899–3904.
55. Shoeib M, Harner T, Wilford BH, Jones KC, Zhu J. (2005) Perfluorinated Sulfonamides in Indoor and Outdoor Air and Indoor Dust: Occurrence, Partitioning, and Human Exposure. Environ. Sci. Technol. 39:6599–6606.
56. Schuetze A, Heberer T, Effkemann S, Juergensen S. (2010) Occurrence and assessment of perfluorinated chemicals in wild fish from Northern Germany. Chemosphere 78:647–652.
57. Shi Z, Ding L, Zhang H, Feng Y, Xu M, Dai J. (2009) Chronic exposure to perfluorododecanoic acid disrupts testicular steroidogenesis and the expression of related genes in male rats. Toxicology Letters 188:192–200.
58. Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs). Available: chm.pops.int/Portals/0/download.aspx?d=dNEP-POPS-TREATY-NOTIF-CN524-2009.En.pdf (accessed 2 November 2010).
59. Vassiliadou I, Costopoulou D, Ferderigou A, Leondiadis L. (2010) Levels of perfluorooctanesulfonate (PFOS) and perfluorooctanoate (PFOA) in blood samples from different groups of adults living in Greece. Chemosphere 80:1199–1206.
60. Voogt P. de and Sáez M. (2006) Analytical chemistry of perfluoroalkylated substances. Trends Anal Chem. 25, 326–342.
61. VWA, 2010. Opinion of the Director of the Office for Risk Assessment and Research Programming of the nVWA on perfluoralkyl compounds in Dutch food. nVWA: The Hague, the Netherlands, 18 August 2010.
62. Wilhelm M, Hölzer J, Dobler L, Rauchfuss K, Midasch O, Kraft M, Angerer J, Wiesmüller G. (2009) Preliminary observations on perfluorinated compounds in plasma samples (1977–2004) of young German adults from an area with perfluorooctanoate-contaminated drinking water. Int. J. Hyg. Environ. Health 212:142–145.
63. Wilhelm M, Bergmann S, Dieter HH. (2010) Occurrence of perfluorinated compounds (PFCs) in drinking water of North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany and new approach to assess drinking water contamination by shorter-chained C4–C7 PFCs. International Journal of Hygiene and Environmental Health 213:224–232.
64. World Health Organisation (WHO) (2009) Principles and Methods for the Risk Assessment of Chemicals in Food, International Programme on Chemical Safety, Environmental Health Criteria 240. Chapter 6: Dietary Exposure Assessment of Chemicals in Food. www.who.int/ipcs/food/principles/en/index1.html
65. Ye X, Strynar MJ, Nakayama SF, Varns J, Helfant L, Lazorchak J, Lindstroma AB. (2008) Perfluorinated compounds in whole fish homogenates from the Ohio, Missouri, and Upper Mississippi Rivers, USA. Environmental Pollution 156:1227–1232.
66. Yeung LWY, Yamashita N, Taniyasu, Lam PKS, Sinha RK, Borole DV, Kannan K. (2009) A survey of perfluorinated compounds in surface water and biota including dolphins from the Ganges River and in other waterbodies in India. Chemosphere, 76:55–62.
67. Zhang H., Shi Z, Liu Y, Wei Y. Dai J. (2008). Lipid homeostasis and oxidative stress in the liver of male rats exposed to perfluorododecanoic acid. Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. 227, 16–25.