Intravesical Bacillus Calmette-Guérin versus mitomycin C for Ta and T1 bladder cancer

Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews

Volumn 2020, Issue 1, 2020, Pages

  Schmidt, Stefanie ^a   Kunath, Frank ^a,b   Coles, Bernadette ^c   Draeger, Desiree Louise ^a,d   Krabbe, Laura Maria ^a,e   Dersch, Rick ^f   Kilian, Samuel ^g   Jensen, Katrin ^g   Dahm, Philipp ^h,i   Meerpohl, Joerg J ^f  

^a UroEvidence Deutsche Gesellschaft für Urologie   (Germany)

^b UNIVERSITY HOSPITAL ERLANGEN   (Germany)

^c CARDIFF UNIVERSITY   (United Kingdom)

^d UNIVERSITY OF ROSTOCK   (Germany)

^e UNIVERSITY HOSPITAL MÜNSTER   (Germany)

^f UNIVERSITY OF FREIBURG   (Germany)

^g UNIVERSITY OF HEIDELBERG   (Germany)

^h VA MEDICAL CENTER   (United States)

ⁱ UNIVERSITY OF MINNESOTA   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

BCG VACCINE; MITOMYCIN; ANTINEOPLASTIC ANTIBIOTIC;

BLADDER CANCER; CANCER RECURRENCE; COMPARATIVE EFFECTIVENESS; DRUG EFFICACY; HUMAN; OUTCOME ASSESSMENT; PRIORITY JOURNAL; REVIEW; SYSTEMATIC REVIEW; BLADDER TUMOR; INTRAVESICAL DRUG ADMINISTRATION; META ANALYSIS; RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL (TOPIC); TRANSITIONAL CELL CARCINOMA; TREATMENT OUTCOME;

ADMINISTRATION, INTRAVESICAL; ANTIBIOTICS, ANTINEOPLASTIC; BCG VACCINE; CARCINOMA, TRANSITIONAL CELL; HUMANS; MITOMYCIN; RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIALS AS TOPIC; TREATMENT OUTCOME; URINARY BLADDER NEOPLASMS;

EID: 85077716212     PISSN: None     EISSN: 1469493X     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD011935.pub2     Document Type: Review

References (204)

1. Di Stasi SM, Giannantoni A, Stephen RL, Capelli G, Navarra P, Massoud R, et al. Intravesical electromotive mitomycin C versus passive transport mitomycin C for high risk superficial bladder cancer: a prospective randomized study. Journal of Urology 2003;170(3):777-82. x-wiley/crsRef/12484528
2. Friedrich MG, Pichlmeier U, Schwaibold H, Conrad S, Huland H. Long-term intravesical adjuvant chemotherapy further reduces recurrence rate compared with short-term intravesical chemotherapy and short-term therapy with Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) in patients with non-muscle-invasive bladder carcinoma. European Urology 2007;52(4):1123-29. x-wiley/crsRef/12484530
3. Isbarn H, Budäus L, Pichlmeier U, Conrad S, Huland H, Friedrich MG. Comparison of the effectiveness between long-term instillation of mitomycin C and short-term prophylaxis with MMC or bacille Calmette-Guérin. Study of patients with non-muscle-invasive urothelial cancer of the urinary bladder. Urologe 2008;47(5):608-15. x-wiley/crsRef/12484531
4. Krege S, Giani G, Meyer R, Otto T, Rübben H, participating clinics. A randomized multicenter trial of adjuvant therapy in superficial bladder cancer: transurethral resection only versus transurethral resection plus mitomycin C versus transurethral resection plus Bacillus Calmette-Guerin. Journal of Urology 1996;156(3):962-6. x-wiley/crsRef/12484533
5. Lamm DL, Blumenstein BA, Crawford DE, Crissman JD, Lowe BA, Smith JA Jr, et al. Randomized intergroup comparison of Bacillus Calmette-Guerin immunotherapy and mitomycin C chemotherapy prophylaxis in superficial transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder a southwest oncology group study. Urologic Oncology 1995;1(3):119-26. x-wiley/crsRef/12484535
6. Gardmark T, Jahnson S, Wahlquist R, Wijkström H, Malmström PU. Analysis of progression and survival after 10 years of a randomized prospective study comparing mitomycin-C and Bacillus Calmette-Guérin in patients with high-risk bladder cancer. BJU International 2007;99(4):817-20. x-wiley/crsRef/12484537
7. Gardmark T, Malmström PU, Wiklund P, Jahnson S, Wijkstrom H, Wahlquist R. Long term follow up of a randomised study of BCG versus mitomycin-C in high risk superficial bladder cancer. Journal of Urology 2004;171(4):73. x-wiley/crsRef/12484538
8. Lundholm C, Malmström PU, Norlen BJ. Comparative study of mitomycin-C and BCG in treatment of superficial bladder cancer. Scandinavian Journal of Urology and Nephrology 1994;164 Suppl:34-5. x-wiley/crsRef/12484539
9. Lundholm C, Norlen BJ, Ekman P, Jahnson S, Lagerkvist M, Lindeborg T, et al. A randomized prospective study comparing long-term intravesical instillations of mitomycin C and Bacillus Calmette-Guerin in patients with superficial bladder carcinoma. Journal of Urology 1996;156(2):372-6. x-wiley/crsRef/12484540
10. Malmström P, Lundholm C, Ekman P, Jahnson S, Lagerkvist M, Lindeborg T, et al. A five-year follow-up of a randomized prospective study comparing long-term intravesical instillations of mitomycin-C and Bacille Calmette-Guerin in patients with superficial bladder carcinoma. Scandinavian Journal of Urology and Nephrology 1998;Suppl 197:9-10. x-wiley/crsRef/12484541
11. Malmström PU, Wijkström H, Lundholm C, Wester K, Busch C, Norlén BJ, Swedish-Norwegian Bladder Cancer Study Group. 5-year followup of a randomized prospective study comparing mitomycin C and Bacillus Calmette-Guerin in patients with superficial bladder carcinoma. Journal of Urology 1999;161(4):1124-7. x-wiley/crsRef/12484542
12. Mangiarotti B, Trinchieri A, Del Nero A, Montanari E. A randomized prospective study of intravesical prophylaxis in non-muscle invasive bladder cancer at intermediate risk of recurrence: mitomycin chemotherapy vs BCG immunotherapy. Archivio Italiano di Urologia, Andrologia 2008;80(4):167-71. x-wiley/crsRef/12484544
13. Michielsen D, Coomans D. Intravesical chemotherapy or immunotherapy for intermediate-risk non-muscle invasive bladder cancer: does the patient mention a different quality of life?. Urology 2013;82:S130-1. x-wiley/crsRef/12484546
14. NCT00974818. A randomized prospective study of intravesical prophylaxis in non-muscle invasive bladder cancer at intermediate risk of recurrence: mitomycin chemotherapy vs BCG immunotherapy. clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT00974818 (first received 10 September 2009; study terminated due to lack of accrual). x-wiley/crsRef/12484548
15. Nogueira March JL, Solsona E, Unda M, Ojea A, Rodrigez-Molina A, Fernandez J. A multicenter and randomised prospective study comparing three intravesical therapies, two with Bacillus Calmette-Guerin and one with mitomycin C chemotherapy in medium and low risk superficial bladders tumours. European Urology 2001;Suppl 5:Abstract 119. x-wiley/crsRef/12484550
16. Ojea A, Nogueira JL, Solsona E, Flores N, Gómez JM, Molina JR, et al. CUETO Group. A multicentre, randomised prospective trial comparing three intravesical adjuvant therapies for intermediate-risk superficial bladder cancer: low-dose Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (27 mg) versus very low-dose Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (13.5 mg) versus mitomycin C. European Urology 2007;52(5):1396-406. x-wiley/crsRef/12484551
17. Nogueira March JL, Solsona E, Unda M, Ojea A, Rodrigez-Molina A, Fernandez J. A multicenter and randomised prospective study comparing three intravesical therapies, two with Bacillus Calmette-Guerin and one with mitomycin C chemotherapy in medium and low risk superficial bladders tumours. European Urology 2001;Suppl 5:Abstract 119. x-wiley/crsRef/12484553
18. Ojea A, Nogueira JL, Solsona E, Flores N, Gómez JM, Molina JR, et al. CUETO Group. A multicentre, randomised prospective trial comparing three intravesical adjuvant therapies for intermediate-risk superficial bladder cancer: low-dose Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (27 mg) versus very low-dose Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (13.5 mg) versus mitomycin C. European Urology 2007;52(5):1396-406. x-wiley/crsRef/12484554
19. Järvinen R, Kaasinen E, Sankila A, Rintala E, FinnBladder Group. Long-term efficacy of maintenance Bacillus Calmette-Guérin versus maintenance mitomycin C instillation therapy in frequently recurrent TaT1 tumours without carcinoma in situ: a subgroup analysis of the prospective, randomised FinnBladder I study with a 20-year follow-up. European Urology 2009;56(2):260-5. x-wiley/crsRef/12484556
20. Rintala E, Jauhiainen K, Alfthan O, Hansson E, Juusela H, Kanerva K, et al. Intravesical chemotherapy (mitomycin C) versus immunotherapy (Bacillus Calmette-Guérin) in superficial bladder cancer. European Urology 1991;20(1):19-25. x-wiley/crsRef/12484557
21. Rintala E, Jauhiainen, K, Alfthan O. Mitomycin-C and BCG in intravesical chemotherapy and immunotherapy of superficial bladder cancer. FinnBladder Research Group. Progress in Clinical and Biological Research 1989;310:271-4. x-wiley/crsRef/12484558
22. Mulders PF, Meyden AP, Doesburg WH, Oosterhof GO, Debruyne FM. Prognostic factors in pTa-pT1 superficial bladder tumours treated with intravesical instillations. The Dutch South-Eastern Urological Collaborative Group. British Journal of Urology 1994;73(4):403-8. x-wiley/crsRef/12484560
23. Vegt PD, Witjes JA, Witjes WP, Doesburg WH, Debruyne FM, van der Meijden AP. A randomized study of intravesical mitomycin C, Bacillus Calmette-Guerin Tice and Bacillus Calmette-Guerin RIVM treatment in pTa-pT1 papillary carcinoma and carcinoma in situ of the bladder. Journal of Urology 1995;153(3 Pt 2):929-33. x-wiley/crsRef/12484561
24. Witjes JA, van der Meijden AP, Witjes WP, Doesburg W, Schaafsma HE, Debruyne FM. A randomised prospective study comparing intravesical instillations of mitomycin-C, BCG-Tice, and BCG-RIVM in pTa-pT1 tumours and primary carcinoma in situ of the urinary bladder. Dutch South-East Cooperative Urological Group. European Journal of Cancer 1993;29A(12):1672-6. x-wiley/crsRef/12484562
25. Witjes WP, Witjes JA, Oosterhof GO, Debruyne MJ, Dutch South East Cooperative Urological Group. Update on the Dutch Cooperative Trial: mitomycin versus Bacillus Calmette-Guérin-Tice versus Bacillus Calmette-Guérin RIVM in the treatment of patients with pTA-pT1 papillary carcinoma and carcinoma in situ of the urinary bladder. Seminars in Urologic Oncology 1996;14(S1):10-6. x-wiley/crsRef/12484563
26. Witjes WP, van der Meijden PM, Roos EP, Witjes JA, Steerenberg PA, Doesburg W, et al. BCG-RIVM versus BCG-Tice versus mitomycin-C in superficial bladder cancer. Rationale, design, and interim analysis of the trial of the South-East Cooperative Urological Group, The Netherlands. Progress in Clinical and Biological Research 1992;378:59-67. x-wiley/crsRef/12484564
27. Mulders PF, Meyden AP, Doesburg WH, Oosterhof GO, Debruyne FM. Prognostic factors in pTa-pT1 superficial bladder tumours treated with intravesical instillations. The Dutch South-Eastern Urological Collaborative Group. British Journal of Urology 1994;73(4):403-8. x-wiley/crsRef/12484566
28. Vegt PD, Witjes JA, Witjes WP, Doesburg WH, Debruyne FM, van der Meijden AP. A randomized study of intravesical mitomycin C, Bacillus Calmette-Guerin Tice and Bacillus Calmette-Guerin RIVM treatment in pTa-pT1 papillary carcinoma and carcinoma in situ of the bladder. Journal of Urology 1995;153(3 Pt 2):929-33. x-wiley/crsRef/12484567
29. Witjes JA, van der Meijden AP, Witjes WP, Doesburg W, Schaafsma HE, Debruyne FM. A randomised prospective study comparing intravesical instillations of mitomycin-C, BCG-Tice, and BCG-RIVM in pTa-pT1 tumours and primary carcinoma in situ of the urinary bladder. Dutch South-East Cooperative Urological Group. European Journal of Cancer 1993;29A(12):1672-6. x-wiley/crsRef/12484568
30. Witjes WP, Witjes JA, Oosterhof GO, Debruyne MJ, Dutch South East Cooperative Urological Group. Update on the Dutch Cooperative Trial: mitomycin versus Bacillus Calmette-Guérin-Tice versus Bacillus Calmette-Guérin RIVM in the treatment of patients with pTA-pT1 papillary carcinoma and carcinoma in situ of the urinary bladder. Seminars in Urologic Oncology 1996;14(S1):10-6. x-wiley/crsRef/12484569
31. Witjes WP, van der Meijden PM, Roos EP, Witjes JA, Steerenberg PA, Doesburg W, et al. BCG-RIVM versus BCG-Tice versus mitomycin-C in superficial bladder cancer. Rationale, design, and interim analysis of the trial of the South-East Cooperative Urological Group, The Netherlands. Progress in Clinical and Biological Research 1992;378:59-67. x-wiley/crsRef/12484570
32. DeBruyne FM, van der Meijden AP, Franssen MP. BCG-(RIVM) versus mitomycin intravesical therapy in patients with superficial bladder cancer. EORTC GU Group and the Dutch South-East Collaborative Group. Progress in Clinical and Biological Research 1989;303:435-46. x-wiley/crsRef/12484572
33. DeBruyne FM, van der Meijden AP, Geboers AD, Franssen MP, van Leeuwen MJ, Steerenberg PA, et al. BCG (RIVM) versus mitomycin intravesical therapy in superficial bladder cancer. First results of randomized prospective trial. Urology 1988;31(3 Suppl):20-5. x-wiley/crsRef/12484573
34. Debruyne FM, van der Meijden AP, Schreinemachers LM, Geboers AD, Franssen MP, van Leeuwen MJ, et al. BCG-RIVM intravesical immunoprophylaxis for superficial bladder cancer. Progress in Clinical and Biological Research 1988;269:511-24. x-wiley/crsRef/12484574
35. Witjes JA, van der Meijden AP, Collette L, Sylvester R, Debruyne FM, van Aubel A, et al. Long-term follow-up of an EORTC randomized prospective trial comparing intravesical bacille Calmette-Guérin-RIVM and mitomycin C in superficial bladder cancer. EORTC GU Group and the Dutch South East Cooperative Urological Group. European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer Genito-Urinary Tract Cancer Collaborative Group. Urology 1998;52(3):403-10. x-wiley/crsRef/12484575
36. van der Meijden PM, Debruyne FM, Steerenberg PA, Jong WH, Doesburg W. BCG-RIVM versus BCG-Tice versus mitomycin-C in superficial bladder cancer. Rationale and design of the trial of the Southeast Co-operative Urological Group, The Netherlands. Progress in Clinical and Biological Research 1989;310:285-98. x-wiley/crsRef/12484576
37. ACTRN12613000513718. Adding mitomycin C to Bacillus of Calmette-Guerin (BCG) as adjuvant intravesical therapy for high-risk, non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer: a randomised phase 3 trial. www.anzctr.org.au/Trial/Registration/TrialReview.aspx?id=364165 (first received 8 May 2013). x-wiley/crsRef/12484578
38. Allona Moncada A, García Vaquero S, Zuloaga Gómez A, Martínez Torres JL, López-Pardo R, Molina J, et al. Preliminary results of a multicenter study with mitomycin C in superficial bladder tumors (Ta, T1). Actas Urologicas Espanolas 1988;12(5):424-9. x-wiley/crsRef/12484580
39. Altay B, Girgin C, Kefi A, Cikili N. The best management of superficial bladder tumours: comparing TUR alone versus TUR combined with intravesical chemotherapy modalities?. International Urology and Nephrology 2000;32(1):53-8. x-wiley/crsRef/12484582
40. Arends T, vander Heijden A, Witjes A. Results of a randomized controlled trial comparing intravesical combined chemohyperthermia with mitomycin-C versus BCG for adjuvant treatment of patients with intermediate and high risk non-muscle invasive bladder cancer. Urology 2014;1:S45-6. x-wiley/crsRef/12484584
41. Arends TJ, Nativ O, Maffezzini M, De Cobelli O, van der Heijden AG, Witjes JA. Results of the first randomized controlled trial comparing intravesical radiofrequency induced chemohyperthermia with mitomycin-C versus BCG for adjuvant treatment of patients with intermediate- and high-risk non-muscle invasive bladder cancer. European Urology, Supplements 2015;14(2):944e. x-wiley/crsRef/12484585
42. Arends TJ, Nativ O, Maffezzini M, de Cobelli O, Canepa G, Verweij F, et al. Results of a randomised controlled trial comparing intravesical chemohyperthermia with mitomycin C versus Bacillus Calmette-Guerin for adjuvant treatment of patients with intermediate- and high-risk non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer. European Urology 2016;69(6):1046-52. x-wiley/crsRef/12484586
43. Ayres BE, Crew JP. Is immediate postoperative intravesical chemotherapy beneficial in non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer?. British Journal of Urology 2010;105 Suppl:14-7. x-wiley/crsRef/12484588
44. Badalato GM, Hruby G, Razmjoo M, McKiernan JM. Maximizing intravesical therapy options: is there an advantage to the administration of perioperative mitomycin C prior to an induction course of BCG?. Canadian Journal of Urology 2011;18(5):5890-5. x-wiley/crsRef/12484590
45. Bassi P, Iafrate M, Spinadin R, Carando R, Iannello R, Repele M, et al. Superficial bladder neoplasia unresponsive to endocavitary treatment: when should the treatment approach be changed?. Archivio Italiano di Urologia 2001;73(4):181-6. x-wiley/crsRef/12484592
46. Bismarck E, Schmitz-Dräger BJ. Adjuvant and neoadjuvant therapy of urinary bladder carcinoma. Onkologe 2004;10(Suppl 1):S14-5. x-wiley/crsRef/12484594
47. Boccafoschi C, Geraci E, Annoscia S, Montefiore F, Lozzi C, Leva G. Local immunoprophylaxis with BCG versus local chemoprophylaxis with doxorubicin or mitomycin C in the prevention of recurrence of superficial bladder cancer: comparative study. Acta Urologica Italica 1991;5(6 Suppl 1):149-52. x-wiley/crsRef/12484596
48. Bochner BH. Intravesical Bacillus Calmette-Guerin combined with electromotive mitomycin for high-risk superficial bladder cancer. Nature Clinical Practice Oncology 2006;3(9):474-5. x-wiley/crsRef/12484598
49. Bohle A. A multicentre, randomised prospective trial comparing three intravesical adjuvant therapies for intermediate-risk superficial bladder cancer: low-dose Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (27 mg) versus very low-dose Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (13.5 mg) versus mitomycin C. International Braz J Urol 2008;34(1):117-8. x-wiley/crsRef/12484600
50. Braasch MR, Bohle A, O'Donnell MA. Risk-adapted use of intravesical immunotherapy. BJU International 2008;102(9B):1254-64. x-wiley/crsRef/12484602
51. Brausi M, Hurle R, Lembo A, Palladini PD. Immunotherapy with BCG in high risk recurrent bladder cancers previously treated with multiple cycles of chemotherapy: long-term results. Acta Urologica Italica 1998;12(2):131-2. x-wiley/crsRef/12484604
52. Chen C-H, Yang H-J, Shun C-T, Huang C-Y, Huang K-H, Yu H-J, et al. A cocktail regimen of intravesical mitomycin-C, doxorubicin, and cisplatin (MDP) for non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer. Urologic Oncology 2012;30(4):421-7. x-wiley/crsRef/12484606
53. Chen HR, Kao CC, Tsao CW, Tang SH, En M, Cha TL, Sun GH, Wu ST, Yu DS. Comparison of Different Treatment Schedules of Mitomycin C Intravesical Instillation in High-Risk Superficial Bladder Cancer Patients. Aktuelle Urologie 2019;50(3):292-297. x-wiley/crsRef/12484608
54. Cho IC, Kim EK, Joung JY, Seo HK, Chung J, Park WS, et al. Adjuvant intravesical instillation for primary T1G3 bladder cancer: BCG versus MMC in Korea. Anticancer Research 2012;32(4):1493-8. x-wiley/crsRef/12484610
55. Crawford ED. Randomized study of intravesical mitomycin-C, Bacillus-Calmette-Guerin, Tice and Bacillus-Calmette-Guerin, RIVM treatment in pTa-pT1 papillary carcinoma and carcinoma in-situ of bladder – comment. Journal of Urology 1995;153(3):933. x-wiley/crsRef/12484612
56. Dalbagni G. Is intravesical Bacillus Calmette-Guerin better than mitomycin for intermediate-risk bladder cancer?. European Urology 2009;56(2):257-8; discussion 258. x-wiley/crsRef/12484614
57. de Jong Z, Pontonnier F, Plante P, Mansat A, Centa F. The course of 203 superficial urothelial malignant tumors of the bladder during conservative treatment. Annales d'Urologie 1989;23(4):269-74. x-wiley/crsRef/12484616
58. deVere White RW, Deitch AD, Daneshmand S, Blumenstein B, Lowe BA, Sagalowsky AI, et al. The prognostic significance of S-phase analysis in stage Ta/T1 bladder cancer. A Southwest Oncology Group Study. European Urology 2000;37(5):595-600. x-wiley/crsRef/12484618
59. Di Stasi SM, Giannantoni A, Stephen RL, Capelli G, Giurioli A, Zampa G, et al. Sequential Bacillus Calmette Guerin and electromotive mitomycin-C versus Bacillus Calmette Guerin alone for high-risk superficial bladder cancer: a prospective controlled study. Journal of Clinical Oncology 2004;22(14):391S. x-wiley/crsRef/12484620
60. Di Stasi SM, Giannantoni A, Stephen RL, Virgill G, Giurioli A, Storti L, et al. Sequential intravesical Bacillus Calmette Guerin and electromotive mitomycin-C for high risk superficial bladder cancer: a prospective controlled study. Journal of Urology 2004;171(4):74. x-wiley/crsRef/12484622
61. Di Stasi SM, Giannantoni A, Giurioli A, Valenti M, Zampa G, Storti L, et al. Sequential BCG and electromotive mitomycin versus BCG alone for high-risk superficial bladder cancer: a randomised controlled trial. Lancet Oncology 2006;7(1):43-51. x-wiley/crsRef/12484624
62. Di Stasi SM, Giannantoni A, Giurioli A, Vespasiani G, Zampa G, Storti L, et al. Long-term follow-up of a randomised trial comparing sequential Bacillus Calmette-Guerin and electromotive mitomycin-C with Bacillus Calmette Guerin alone in high-risk superficial bladder cancer. European Urology Supplements 2006;5(2):191. x-wiley/crsRef/12484625
63. Di Stasi SM, Giannantoni A, Giurioli A, Vespasiani G, Zampa G, Storti L, et al. Sequential Bacillus Calmette-Guerin and electromotive mitomycin-C versus Bacillus Calmette-Guerin alone for high risk superficial bladder cancer: long-term follow-up results of a prospective controlled study. Journal of Urology 2006;175(4):268. x-wiley/crsRef/12484626
64. Di Stasi SM, Verri C, Liberati E, Masedu F, Topazio L, Valenti M. Intravesical sequential Bacillus Calmette-Guerin and electromotive mitomycin versus Bacillus Calmette-Guerin alone for stage PT1 urothelial bladder cancer. Journal of Urology 2012;1:e674. x-wiley/crsRef/12484628
65. Di Stasi SM, Verri C, Liberati E, Zampa G, Masedu F, Valenti M. Intravesical sequential BCG and electromotive mitomycin versus BCG alone in high risk non-muscle invasive bladder cancer. Journal of Clinical Oncology 2012;30(Suppl 1):15. x-wiley/crsRef/12484630
66. Di Stasi SM, Verri C, Liberati E, Masedu F, Valenti M. Intravesical sequential BCG and electromotive mitomycin versus BCG alone for stage pT1 urothelial bladder cancer. European Urology 2013;12(1):e698-9. x-wiley/crsRef/12484632
67. Di Stasi SM, Riedl C, Giannantoni A, Verri C, Celestino F, De Carlo F, et al. Is intravesical BCG alone still the only truly effective intravesical therapy for non-muscle invasive bladder cancer?. Journal of Urology 2015;1:e381. x-wiley/crsRef/12484634
68. El Kader OA. Immediate mitomycin C instillation followed by usual BCG course versus usual BCG alone for superficial transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder (4 years experience). Journal of Urology 2010;1:e567-8. x-wiley/crsRef/12484636
69. EUCTR2008-005428-99-GB. A randomised controlled phase III trial comparing hyperthermia plus mitomycin to a second course of Bacillus Calmette-Guerin or standard therapy in patients with recurrence of non-muscle invasive bladder cancer following induction or maintenance Bacillus Calmette-Guerin therapy. Hyperthermia plus mitomycin (HYMN). www.clinicaltrialsregister.eu/ctr-search/trial/2008-005428-99/GB (first registered 26 July 2010). x-wiley/crsRef/12484638
70. EUCTR2011-000607-41-BE. A phase I/II multicentric Belgian prospective novel sequential chemo-immunotherapy regimen for adjuvant treatment in non-muscle invasive bladder cancer. Novel chemo-immunotherapy for non-muscle invasive bladder cancer. apps.who.int/trialsearch/Trial3.aspx?trialid=EUCTR2011-000607-41-BE (first received 11 February 2011). x-wiley/crsRef/12484640
71. Svatek RS. Long-term outcomes of the FinnBladder-4 study. European Urology 2015;68(4):618-9. x-wiley/crsRef/12484642
72. Rintala E. Results of a randomized phase III trial of sequential, intravesical therapy with mitomycin C and Bacillus Calmette-Guerin versus mitomycin C alone in patients with superficial bladder cancer – comment. Journal of Urology 1998;160(5):1671-2. x-wiley/crsRef/12484646
73. Rintala E, Jauhiainen K, Kaasinen E, Nurmi M, Alfthan O. Alternating mitomycin C and Bacillus Calmette-Guerin instillation prophylaxis for recurrent papillary (stages Ta to T1) superficial bladder cancer. FinnBladder Group. Journal of Urology 1996;156(1):56-9; discussion 59. x-wiley/crsRef/12484644
74. Rintala E, Jauhiainen K, Rajala P, Ruutu M, Kaasinen E, Alfthan O. Alternating mitomycin C and Bacillus Calmette-Guerin instillation therapy for carcinoma in situ of the bladder. The FinnBladder Group. Journal of Urology 1995;154(6):2050-3. x-wiley/crsRef/12484645
75. Gao CZ, Zhang JJ, Lu Yl, Zhao HY. Instillation of BCG vaccine and mitomycin for the prevention of bladder neoplasms recurrence. China Journal of Cancer Prevention and Treatment 2002;6:644-5. x-wiley/crsRef/12484648
76. Gazzaniga P, Gradilone A, de Berardinis E, Sciarra A, Cristini C, Naso G, et al. A chemosensitivity test to individualize intravesical treatment for non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer. BJU International 2009;104(2):184-8. x-wiley/crsRef/12484650
77. Gelabert-Mas A, Arango Toro O, Bielsa Gali O, Llado Carbonell C. A prospective and randomized study of the complete response, index of recurrences and progression in superficial bladder carcinoma treated with mitomycin C alone versus mitomycin C and BCG alternatively. Archivos Espanoles de Urologia 1993;46(5):379-82. x-wiley/crsRef/12484652
78. Gelabert-Mas A. Six years of follow up. A prospective study on intravesical chemoprophylaxis with mitomycin-C and BCG alternating. Complete response rate and much lower tumor progression rate. British Journal of Urology 1997;80(Suppl 2):34. x-wiley/crsRef/12484654
79. Gianneo E, Conti G. BCG vs mitomycin in patients affected by monocentric T1G2 bladder cancer: randomized study in diploid and aneuploid TCC. British Journal of Urology 1997;80(Suppl 2):40. x-wiley/crsRef/12484656
80. Grossman HB. Sequential BCG and electromotive mitomycin versus BCG alone for high-risk superficial bladder cancer: a randomised controlled trial. Urologic Oncology: Seminars and Original Investigations 2006;24(3):271-2. x-wiley/crsRef/12484658
81. Gonzalez Padilla DA, Gonzalez Diaz A, Miranda-Utrera N, De La Rosa Kehrmann F, Villacampa-Auba F, Guerrero-Ramos F. HIVEC HR: Chemohyperthermia with mitomycin C vs BCG for high-risk non-muscle invasive bladder cancer. Preliminary results from a randomized controlled trial. European Urology. 2019; Vol. 18 (1):e768-e770. x-wiley/crsRef/12484660
82. Guerrero-Ramos F, Gonzalez-Padilla DA, Gonzalez-Diaz A, Duarte-Ojeda JM, Miranda-Utrera N, Villacampa-Auba F, de la Rosa-Kehrmann F. BCG VS CHEMOHYPERTHERMIA WITH MITOMYCIN C FOR HIGH-RISK NON-MUSCLE INVASIVE BLADDER CARCINOMA: PRELIMINARY RESULTS OF HIVEC-HR RANDOMIZED CLINICAL TRIAL. Journal of Urology. 2019; Vol. 201(4):E620-E620. x-wiley/crsRef/12484661
83. Gulpinar O, Halilioglu AH, Gokce MI, Gogus C, Baltaci S. The value of perioperative mitomycin C instillation in improving subsequent Bacillus Calmette-Guerin instillation efficacy in intermediate and high-risk patients with non-muscle invasive bladder cancer: a prospective randomized study. International Braz J Urol 2012;38(4):474-9. x-wiley/crsRef/12484663
84. Han KS, You D, Jeong IG, Kwon T, Hong B, Hong JH, et al. Is intravesical Bacillus Calmette-Guérin therapy superior to chemotherapy for intermediate-risk non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer? An ongoing debate. Journal of Korean Medical Science 2015;30(3):252-8. x-wiley/crsRef/12484665
85. Hausladen DA, Wheeler MA, Altieri DC, Colberg JW, Weiss RM. Effect of intravesical treatment of transitional cell carcinoma with Bacillus Calmette-Guerin and mitomycin C on urinary survival levels and outcome. Journal of Urology 2003;170(1):230-4. x-wiley/crsRef/12484667
86. Hayne D, Stockler M, Ives A, Houghton B, Braganza P, Chalasani V, et al. Sequential BCG and mitomycin intravesical therapy versus BCG alone for high-risk non-muscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC): pilot study and proposal for a 2-stage randomized phase III trial. BJU International 2011;107:25-6. x-wiley/crsRef/12484669
87. Huang J, Wang GZ, Xu CI. Clinical trial of effect and adverse reaction of domestic therapeutic BCG for prevention of recurrence of superficial bladder cancer. Chinese Journal of Biologicals 2010;23(4):419-21. x-wiley/crsRef/12484671
88. Iavarone C, Minocchi L, Arecchi S, Nicolucci D, Porcelli C, D'Orazi V, et al. A comparative study of BCG and mitomycin C in superficial carcinomas of the bladder. Giornale di Chirurgia 1996;17(5):289-91. x-wiley/crsRef/12484673
89. ISRCTN85785327. HYMN: a trial comparing hyperthermia and mitomycin chemotherapy with a second BCG treatment, or other standard treatment, for bladder cancer that has come back. www.isrctn.com/ISRCTN85785327 (first received 28 May 2009). x-wiley/crsRef/12484675
90. Jarvinen R, Kaasinen E, Rintala E, the FinnBladder Group. Long-term results of maintenance treatment of mitomycin C or alternating mitomycin C and Bacillus Calmette-Guerin instillation therapy of patients with carcinoma in situ of the bladder: a subgroup analysis of the prospective FinnBladder 2 study with a 17-year follow-up. Scandinavian Journal of Urology and Nephrology 2012;46(6):411-7. x-wiley/crsRef/12484677
91. Jarvinen R, Kaasinen E, Rintala E, Group T F. Re: long-term results of maintenance treatment of mitomycin C or alternating mitomycin C and Bacillus Calmette-Guérin instillation therapy of patients with carcinoma in situ of the bladder: a subgroup analysis of the prospective FinnBladder 2 study with a 17-year follow-up. Journal of Urology 2013;190(6):2019. x-wiley/crsRef/12484679
92. Jarvinen R, Kaasinen E, Rintala E, Liukkonen T, Puolakka VM, Kallio J, et al. 15-year outcome of patients with frequently recurrent non-muscle-invasive bladder carcinoma (NMIBC) treated with 5 weekly mitomycin C (MMC) instillations followed by monthly Bacillus-Calmette Guerin (BCG) or alternating BCG and interferon-alpha2b (IFN) instillations. European Urology 2014;13(1):e1107. x-wiley/crsRef/12484681
93. Jarvinen R, Marttila T, Kaasinen E, Rintala E, Aaltomaa S, Kallio J, et al. Long-term outcome of patients with frequently recurrent non-muscle-invasive bladder carcinoma treated with one perioperative plus four weekly instillations of mitomycin C followed by monthly Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) or alternating BCG and interferon-α2b instillations: prospective randomised FinnBladder-4 study. European Urology 2015;68(4):611-7. x-wiley/crsRef/12484683
94. Jauhiainen K, Rintala E. Superficial urinary bladder cancer. Results from the FinnBladder studies and a review on instillation treatments. Annales Chirurgiae et Gynaecologiae 1993;206:31-8. x-wiley/crsRef/12484685
95. Kaasinen E, Rintala E, Pere AK, Kallio J, Puolakka VM, Liukkonen T, et al. Weekly mitomycin C followed by monthly Bacillus Calmette-Guerin or alternating monthly interferon-alpha2B and Bacillus Calmette-Guerin for prophylaxis of recurrent papillary superficial bladder carcinoma. Journal of Urology 2000;164(1):47-52. x-wiley/crsRef/12484687
96. Kaasinen E, Rintala E, Hellstrom P, Viitanen J, Juusela H, Rajala P, et al. Factors explaining recurrence in patients undergoing chemoimmunotherapy regimens for frequently recurring superficial bladder carcinoma. European Urology 2002;42(2):167-74. x-wiley/crsRef/12484689
97. Kaasinen E, Wijkstrom H, Malmström PU, Hellsten S, Duchek M, Mestad O, et al. Alternating mitomycin C and BCG instillations versus BCG alone in treatment of carcinoma in situ of the urinary bladder: a Nordic study. European Urology 2003;43(6):637-45. x-wiley/crsRef/12484691
98. Kaasinen E, Wijkstrom H, Malmström PU, Rintala E, Jahnsson S. 17 year follow-up of the Nordic CIS study: long-term results of 1 year BCG monotherapy versus alternating therapy with mitomycin C and BCG in patients with carcinoma in situ of the urinary bladder. European Urology 2014;13(1):e1006. x-wiley/crsRef/12484693
99. Kelly J, Buckley L, Devall AJ, Loubiere LS, Barnwell JM, Mostafid H, et al. HYMN: a randomised controlled phase III trial comparing hyperthermia plus mitomycin to a second course of BCG or institutional standard in patients with recurrence of non-muscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) following induction or maintenance BCG therapy. BJU International 2015;115:12. x-wiley/crsRef/12484695
100. Kirkali Z, Oosterlinck W, Sylvester R, Da Silva FC, Busch C, Algaba F, et al. Sequential chemo-immunotherapy with mitomycin C (MMC) and Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) versus BCG alone in patients with carcinoma in situ (CIS) of the urinary bladder. Results of EORTC GU group randomized phase II study 30993. Journal of Urology 2010;1:e568. x-wiley/crsRef/12484697
101. Kurth KH, Bouffioux C, Sylvester R, van der Meijden AP, Oosterlinck W, Brausi M. Treatment of superficial bladder tumors: achievements and needs. The EORTC Genitourinary Group. European Urology 2000;37 Suppl 3:1-9. x-wiley/crsRef/12484699
102. Lamm DL. Comparison of BCG with other intravesical agents. Urology 1991;37(5 Suppl):30-2. x-wiley/crsRef/12484701
103. Leblanc B, Duclos AJ, Bénard F, Côté J, Valiquette L, Paquin JM, et al. Long-term followup of initial Ta grade 1 transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder. Journal of Urology 1999;162(6):1946-50. x-wiley/crsRef/12484703
104. Liberati E, Verri C, Topazio L, Valenti M, Di Stasi SM. Intravesical sequential BCG and electromotive mitomycin-C versus BCG alone for stage PT1 urothelial bladder cancer. Anticancer Research 2012;32(5):1861-2. x-wiley/crsRef/12484705
105. Lundholm C, Wester K, Busch C, Norlen BJ, Ekman P, Karlberg L, et al. 5-Year followup of a randomized prospective study comparing mitomycin C and Bacillus Calmette-Guerin in patients with superficial bladder carcinoma. Journal of Urology 1999;161(4):1124-7. x-wiley/crsRef/12484707
106. Malmström PU, Sylvester RJ. Rebuttal from authors re: Guido Dalbagni. Is intravesical Bacillus Calmette-Guérin better than mitomycin for intermediate-risk bladder cancer?. European Urology 2009;56(2):258-9. x-wiley/crsRef/12484709
107. Matsumoto K, Kikuchi E, Horiguchi Y, Tanaka N, Miyajima A, Nakagawa K, et al. Late recurrence and progression in non-muscle-invasive bladder cancers after 5-year tumor-free periods. Urology 2010;75(6):1385-90. x-wiley/crsRef/12484711
108. Matsumoto K, Kikuchi E, Shirakawa H, Hayakawa N, Tanaka N, Ninomiya A, et al. Risk of subsequent tumour recurrence and stage progression in bacille Calmette-Guerin relapsing non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer. BJU International 2012;110(11 Pt B):E508-13. x-wiley/crsRef/12484713
109. Mondal HP, Yirang K, Mukhopadhyay C, Adhikary SS, Dutta B, Bhoj SS. Prospective randomized study between intravesical BCG and mitomycin-C for non-muscle-invasive urothelial carcinoma of urinary-bladder post TURBT. Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science 2016;15(1):74-77. x-wiley/crsRef/12484715
110. Morales A. Results of a randomized phase III trial of sequential intravesical therapy with mitomycin C and Bacillus Calmette-Guerin versus mitomycin C alone in patients with superficial bladder cancer. Journal of Urology 1999;161(5):1582-3. x-wiley/crsRef/12484717
111. Murillo I, Barja S. Treatment of High-risk Non-muscle Invasive Bladder Cancer With IMUNO BGC Moreau RJ as Prophylaxis. https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03982797 2019. x-wiley/crsRef/12484719
112. NCT00023842. BCG with or without mitomycin in treating patients with bladder cancer. clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT00023842 (first received 27 January 2003). x-wiley/crsRef/12484721
113. NCT00384891. Hyperthermia treatment in conjunction with mitomycin C versus BCG for superficial bladder cancer. clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT00384891 (first received 6 October 2006). x-wiley/crsRef/12484723
114. NCT01094964. Hyperthermia and mitomycin C, Bacillus Calmette-Guerin, or standard therapy as second-line therapy in treating patients with recurrent bladder cancer. clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT01094964 (first received 29 March 2010). x-wiley/crsRef/12484725
115. NCT01442519. Sequential Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) and electromotive mitomycin-C versus Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) alone for high risk superficial bladder cancer. clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT01442519 (first received 28 September 2011). x-wiley/crsRef/12484727
116. Nishimura K, Higashino M, Hara T, Oka T, Sugao H, Osafune M. Clinical study of intravesical instillation therapy for superficial bladder cancer. Journal of Urology 1996;58(4):362-6. x-wiley/crsRef/12484729
117. Nohales TG, Cortadellas ÁR, Arango TO, Bielsa GO, Gelabert MA. Resultados de un estudio prospective de quimioprofilaxis con mitomycina-C y BCG alternadas: respuesta completa, Índice de recidivas y de progresión. Archivos Espanoles de Urologia 1996;49(7):689-92. x-wiley/crsRef/12484731
118. Nouhaud FX, Rigaud J, Saint F, Colombel M, Irani J, Soulie M, et al. Final results of the phase III URO-BCG 4 multicenter study: efficacy and tolerance of one-third dose BCG maintenance in nonmuscle invasive bladder cancer. Anticancer Drugs 2017;28(3):335-40. x-wiley/crsRef/12484733
119. Ooi Wei L, Stockler M, Hayne D. Re: Willem Oosterlinck, Ziya Kirkali, Richard Sylvester, et al. Sequential intravesical chemoimmunotherapy with mitomycin C and Bacillus Calmette-Guerin and with Bacillus Calmette-Guerin alone in patients with carcinoma in situ of the urinary bladder: results of an EORTC Genito-urinary Group Randomized Phase 2 Trial (30993). Eur Urol 2011;59:438-46. European Urology 2011;60(1):e1; author reply e2-3. x-wiley/crsRef/12484735
120. Peyromaure M, Zerbib M. T1G3 transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder: recurrence, progression and survival. BJU International 2004;93(1):60-3. x-wiley/crsRef/12484737
121. Raviv G, Pinthus JH, Shefi S, Mor Y, Kaufman-Francis K, Levron J, et al. Effects of intravesical chemotherapy and immunotherapy on semen analysis. Urology 2005;65(4):765-7. x-wiley/crsRef/12484739
122. Saxena S, Agrawal U, Agarwal A, Murthy NS, Mohanty NK. Adjuvant intravesical therapy based on an in vitro cytotoxicity assay in the management of superficial transitional cell cancer of the urinary bladder. BJU International 2006;98(5):1012-7. x-wiley/crsRef/12484741
123. Sekine H, Ohya K, Kojima S, Igarashi K, Fukui I. Equivalent efficacy of mitomycin C plus doxorubicin instillation to Bacillus Calmette-Guerin therapy for carcinoma in situ of the bladder. International Journal of Urology 2001;8(9):483-6. x-wiley/crsRef/12484743
124. Shelley M, Court JB, Kynaston HG, Wilt TJ, Coles B, Mason M. WITHDRAWN: Intravesical Bacillus Calmette-Guerin versus mitomycin C for Ta and T I bladder cancer. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2015, Issue 11. [DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD003231.pub2]x-wiley/crsRef/12484745
125. Smits G, Schaafsma E, Kiemeney L, Caris C, Debruyne F, Witjes JA. Microstaging of pT1 transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder: identification of subgroups with distinct risks of progression. Urology 1998;52(6):1009-13; discussion 1013. x-wiley/crsRef/12484747
126. Soloway MS. Follow up of patients receiving treatment for superficial bladder cancer with mitomycin C and BCG. Progress in Clinical and Biological Research 1990;350:71-9. x-wiley/crsRef/12484749
127. Stasi SM, Giannantoni A, Stephen RL, Capelli G, Giurioli A, Zampa G, et al. Sequential Bacillus Calmette Guérin and electromotive mitomycin-C versus Bacillus Calmette Guérin alone for high-risk superficial bladder cancer: a prospective controlled study. Annual Meeting Proceedings of the American Society of Clinical Oncology. 2004:390. x-wiley/crsRef/12484751
128. Steinberg RL, Brooks NA, Thomas LJ, Mott SL, O'Donnell MA. Bacillus Calmette-Guerin strain may not effect recurrence-free survival when used intravesically with interferon-alpha2b for non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer. Urologic Oncology 2017;35(5):201-7. x-wiley/crsRef/12484753
129. Oosterlinck W, Kirkali Z, Sylvester R, Silva FC, Busch C, Algaba F, et al. Sequential intravesical chemoimmunotherapy with mitomycin C and Bacillus Calmette-Guerin and with Bacillus Calmette-Guerin alone in patients with carcinoma in situ of the urinary bladder: results of an EORTC genito-urinary group randomized phase 2 trial (30993). European Urology 2011;59(3):438-46. x-wiley/crsRef/12484755
130. Oosterlinck W, Kirkali Z, Sylvester RJ, Calais Da Silva F, Busch C, Algaba F, et al. Sequential chemo-immunotherapy with mitomycin C (MMC) and Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) versus BCG alone in patients with carcinoma in situ (CIS) of the urinary bladder results of EORTC GU group randomized phase II study 30993. European Urology 2010;9(2):91. x-wiley/crsRef/12484756
131. Sylvester RJ. Bacillus Calmette-Guerin versus mitomycin C for the treatment of intermediate-risk non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer: the debate continues. European Urology 2009;56(2):266-8; discussion 268. x-wiley/crsRef/12484758
132. Tong M, Yu LZ, Ding Y, Liu LB, Pan BN, Na YQ. Prevention of postoperative recurrence of human bladder carcinoma by intravesical instillation of immunotoxin, a clinical study. Zhonghua Yi Xue za Zhi 2003;83(3):201-3. x-wiley/crsRef/12484760
133. van der Meijden PM, Debruyne FM, Steerenberg PA, de Jong WH, Doesburg W. BCG-RIVM versus BCG-Tice versus mitomycin-C in superficial bladder cancer. Rationale and design of the trial of the Southeast Co-operative Urological Group, The Netherlands. Progress in Clinical and Biological Research 1989;310:285-98. x-wiley/crsRef/12484762
134. van Gils-Gielen RJ, Witjes WP, Caris CT, Debruyne FM, Witjes JA, Oosterhof GO. Risk factors in carcinoma in situ of the urinary bladder. Dutch South East Cooperative Urological Group. Urology 1995;45(4):581-6. x-wiley/crsRef/12484764
135. Wang SH. Intravesical BCG, mitomycin-C and thiotepa in the prevention of bladder tumor recurrence after operation. Chinese Journal of Surgery 1992;30(7):410-2. x-wiley/crsRef/12484766
136. Wang F, Qin W, Zhang G, Zhang Y, Liu H, Yang L, et al. Prospective clinical studies at the efficacy of Brucea javanica oil, mitomycin and BCG for preventing postoperative relapse of superficial bladder cancer through perfusion. Chinese-German Journal of Clinical Oncology 2011;10(4):P228-31. x-wiley/crsRef/12484768
137. Wang FL, Qin WJ, Wang H, Dong QC, Liu HL, Zhang YT, et al. Efficacy of Brucea javanica oil, mitomycin and BCG for prophylaxis of recurrent superficial bladder cancer. Chinese Journal of Cancer Prevention and Treatment 2010;17(8):622-4. x-wiley/crsRef/12484769
138. Witjes JA, Caris CT, Mungan NA, Debruyne FM, Witjes WP. Results of a randomized phase III trial of sequential intravesical therapy with mitomycin C and Bacillus Calmette-Guerin versus mitomycin C alone in patients with superficial bladder cancer. Journal of Urology 1998;160(5):1668-71; discussion 1671-2. x-wiley/crsRef/12484771
139. Witjes JA, Caris CT, Mungan NA, Debruyne FM, Witjes WP. Results of a randomized phase III trial of sequential intravesical therapy with mitomycin C and Bacillus Calmette-Guerin versus mitomycin C alone in patients with superficial bladder cancer. Journal of Urology 1999;160(5):1668-72. x-wiley/crsRef/12484773
140. Witjes JA, Caris CT, Mungan NA, Debruyne FM, Witjes WP, Morales A. Re: results of a randomized phase III trial of sequential intravesical therapy with mitomycin C and Bacillus Calmette-Guerin versus mitomycin C alone in patients with superficial bladder cancer (multiple letters). Journal of Urology 1999;161(5):1582-3. x-wiley/crsRef/12484775
141. Yabusaki N, Komatsu H, Tago K, Yamada Y, Ueno A. Intravesical instillation of Bacillus Calmette-Guerin for superficial bladder carcinoma: study on significance of additional maintenance instillations of Bacillus Calmette-Guerin. Nippon Hinyokika Gakkai Zasshi 1991;82(2):290-6. x-wiley/crsRef/12484777
142. Yang D, Li S, Wang H, Li X, Liu S, Han W, et al. Prevention of postoperative recurrence of bladder cancer: a clinical study. Zhonghua Wai Ke za Zhi [Chinese Journal of Surgery] 1999;37(8):464-5. x-wiley/crsRef/12484779
143. Yari H, Fallahnezhad M, Haji KB, Tavasoli SS. Comparison of full-dose intravesical BCG versus half dose BCG and mitomycin-C in treatment of patients with superficial bladder cancer. European Urology 2010;9(6):595-6. x-wiley/crsRef/12484781
144. Abern MR, Owusu RA, Anderson MR, Rampersaud EN, Inman BA. Perioperative intravesical chemotherapy in non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Journal of the National Comprehensive Cancer Network: JNCCN 2013;11(4):477-84.
145. Abufaraj M, Mostafid H, Shariat SF, Babjuk M. What to do during Bacillus Calmette-Guérin shortage? Valid strategies based on evidence. Current Opinion in Urology 2018;28(6):570-6.
146. Chou R, Buckley D, Fu R, Gore JL, Gustafson K, Griffin J, et al. Emerging Approaches to Diagnosis and Treatment of Non-Muscle-Invasive Bladder Cancer. AHRQ Publication No. 15(16)-EHC017-EF. Rockville (MD): Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, 2016.
147. Arends TJ, Nativ O, Maffezzini M, de Cobelli O, Canepa G, Verweij F, et al. Results of a randomised controlled trial comparing intravesical chemohyperthermia with mitomycin C versus Bacillus Calmette-Guérin for adjuvant treatment of patients with intermediate- and high-risk non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer. European Urology 2016;69(6):1046-52.
148. Babjuk M, Burger M, Compérat E, Gontero P, Mostafid AH, Palou J, et al. EAU Guidelines on Non-Muscle-Invasive Bladder Cancer (TaT1 and CIS). Arnhem (The Netherlands): European Association of Urology, 2018.
149. Bender R, Friede T, Koch A, Kuss O, Schlattmann P, Schwarzer G, et al. Methods for evidence synthesis in the case of very few studies. Research Synthesis Methods 2018;9(3):382-92.
150. Boehm BE, Cornell JE, Wang H, Mukherjee N, Oppenheimer JS, Svatek RS. Efficacy of Bacillus Calmette-Guérin strains for treatment of nonmuscle invasive bladder cancer: a systematic review and network meta-analysis. Journal of Urology 2017;198(3):503-10.
151. Burger M, Catto JW, Dalbagni G, Grossman HB, Herr H, Karakiewicz P, et al. Epidemiology and risk factors of urothelial bladder cancer. European Urology 2013;63(2):234-41.
152. Böhle A, Jocham D, Bock PR. Intravesical Bacillus Calmette-Guerin versus mitomycin C for superficial bladder cancer: a formal meta-analysis of comparative studies on recurrence and toxicity. Journal of Urology 2003;169(1):90-5.
153. Böhle A, Bock PR. Intravesical bacille Calmette-Guérin versus mitomycin C in superficial bladder cancer: formal meta-analysis of comparative studies on tumor progression. Urology 2004;63(4):682-6.
154. Cernuschi T, Malvolti S, Nickels E, Friede M. Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccine: a global assessment of demand and supply balance. Vaccine 2018;36(4):498-506.
155. De Angelis R, Sant M, Coleman MP, Francisci S, Baili P, Pierannunzio D, et al. Cancer survival in Europe 1999-2007 by country and age: results of EUROCARE-5 – a population-based study. Lancet Oncology 2014;15(1):23-34.
156. Deeks JJ, Higgins JP, Altman DG. Chapter 9: Analysing data and undertaking meta-analyses. In: Higgins JP, Green S, editor(s). Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions. Version 5.1.0 (updated March 2011). The Cochrane Collaboration, 2011. Available from handbook.cochrane.org.
157. Di Stasi SM, Giannantoni A, Giurioli A, Valenti M, Zampa G, Storti L, et al. Sequential BCG and electromotive mitomycin versus BCG alone for high-risk superficial bladder cancer: a randomised controlled trial. Lancet Oncology 2006;7(1):43-51.
158. Fajkovic H, Halpern JA, Cha EK, Bahadori A, Chromecki TF, Karakiewicz PI, et al. Impact of gender on bladder cancer incidence, staging, and prognosis. World Journal of Urology 2011;29(4):457-63.
159. Ferlay J, Steliarova-Foucher E, Lortet-Tieulent J, Rosso S, Coebergh JW, Comber H, et al. Cancer incidence and mortality patterns in Europe: estimates for 40 countries in 2012. European Journal of Cancer 2013;49(6):1374-403.
160. Gardmark T, Jahnson S, Wahlquist R, Wijkstrom H, Malmström PU. Analysis of progression and survival after 10 years of a randomized prospective study comparing mitomycin-C and Bacillus Calmette-Guerin in patients with high-risk bladder cancer. BJU International 2007;99(4):817-20.
161. McMaster University (developed by Evidence Prime). GRADEpro GDT. Hamilton (ON): McMaster University (developed by Evidence Prime), accessed Mai 2019.
162. Griffiths TR, Action on Bladder Cancer. Current perspectives in bladder cancer management. International Journal of Clinical Practice 2013;67(5):435-48.
163. Guyatt GH, Oxman AD, Vist GE, Kunz R, Falck-Ytter Y, Schünemann HJ, et al. GRADE: what is "quality of evidence" and why is it important to clinicians?. BMJ 2008;336(7651):995-8.
164. Guyatt G, Oxman AD, Akl EA, Kunz R, Vist G, BrozekJ, et al. GRADE guidelines: 1. Introduction – GRADE evidence profiles and summary of findings tables. Journal of Clinical Epidemiology 2011;64(4):383-94.
165. Higgins JP, Green S, editor(s). Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions. Version 5.1.0 (updated March 2011). The Cochrane Collaboration, 2011. Available from handbook.cochrane.org.
166. Higgins JP, Altman DG, Sterne JA. Chapter 8: Assessing risk of bias in included studies. In: Higgins JP, Green S, editor(s). Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions. Version 5.1.0 (updated March 2011). The Cochrane Collaboration, 2011. Available from handbook.cochrane.org.
167. Jung JH, Gudeloglu A, Kiziloz H, Kuntz GM, Miller A, Konety BR, et al. Intravesical electromotive drug administration for non-muscle invasive bladder cancer. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2017, Issue 9. [DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD011864.pub2]
168. Kaasinen E, Wijkström H, Rintala E, Mestad O, Jahnson S, Malmström PU. Seventeen-year follow-up of the prospective randomized Nordic CIS study: BCG monotherapy versus alternating therapy with mitomycin C and BCG in patients with carcinoma in situ of the urinary bladder. Scandinavian Journal of Urology 2016;50(5):360-8.
169. Lamm DL, Blumenstein BA, Crissman JD, Montie JE, Gottesman JE, Lowe BA, et al. Maintenance Bacillus Calmette-Guerin immunotherapy for recurrent TA, T1 and carcinoma in situ transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder: a randomized Southwest Oncology Group study. Journal of Urology 2000;163(4):1124-9.
170. Lammers RJ, Witjes JA, Inman BA, Leibovitch I, Laufer M, Nativ O, et al. The role of a combined regimen with intravesical chemotherapy and hyperthermia in the management of non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer: a systematic review. European Urology 2011;60(1):81-93.
171. Lane PW. Meta-analysis of incidence of rare events. Statistical Methods in Medical Research 2013;22(2):117-32.
172. Malmström PU, Sylvester RJ, Crawford DE, Friedrich M, Krege S, Rintala E, et al. An individual patient data meta-analysis of the long-term outcome of randomised studies comparing intravesical mitomycin C versus Bacillus Calmette-Guérin for non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer. European Urology 2009;56(2):247-56.
173. Miyazaki J, Onozawa M, Takaoka E, Yano I. Bacillus Calmette-Guérin strain differences as the basis for immunotherapies against bladder cancer. International Journal of Urology 2018;25(5):405-13.
174. NCT02948543. Adding mitomycin C to Bacillus of Calmette-Guerin (BCG) as adjuvant intravesical therapy for high-risk, non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer (BCG+MMC). clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02948543 (first received 28 October 2016).
175. Packiam VT, Johnson SC, Steinberg GD. Non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer: intravesical treatments beyond bacille Calmette-Guérin. Cancer 2017;123(3):390-400.
176. Parmar MK, Torri V, Stewart L. Extracting summary statistics to perform meta-analyses of the published literature for survival endpoints. Statistics in Medicine 1998;17(24):2815-34.
177. Perlis N, Zlotta AR, Beyene J, Finelli A, Fleshner NE, Kulkarni GS. Immediate post-transurethral resection of bladder tumor intravesical chemotherapy prevents non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer recurrences: an updated meta-analysis on 2548 patients and quality-of-evidence review. European Urology 2013;64(3):421-30.
178. Pode D, Alon Y, Horowitz AT, Vlodavsky I, Biran S. The mechanism of human bladder tumor implantation in an in vitro model. Journal of Urology 1986;136(2):482-6.
179. Ragonese M, Racioppi M, Bassi PF, Di Gianfrancesco L, Lenci N, Filianoti A, et al. Mitomycin C: new strategies to improve efficacy of a well-known therapy. Urologia 2016;83(Suppl 2):24-8.
180. Rentsch CA, Birkhäuser FD, Biot C, Gsponer JR, Bisiaux A, Wetterauer C, et al. Bacillus Calmette-Guérin strain differences have an impact on clinical outcome in bladder cancer immunotherapy. European Urology 2014;66(4):677-88.
181. The Nordic Cochrane Centre, The Cochrane Collaboration. Review Manager (RevMan). Version 5.3. Copenhagen: The Nordic Cochrane Centre, The Cochrane Collaboration, 2014.
182. Schmidt S, Kunath F, Coles B, Draeger D, Krabbe L, Dersch R, Jensen K, Dahm P, Meerpohl JJ. Intravesical bacillus Calmette-Guérin versus mitomycin C for Ta and T1 bladder cancer. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2015, Issue 11. [DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD011935]
183. Schünemann HJ, Oxman AD, Higgins JP, Vist GE, Glasziou P, Guyatt GH. Chapter 11: Presenting results and 'Summary of findings' tables. In: Higgins JP, Green S, editor(s). Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions Version 5.1.0 (updated March 2011). The Cochrane Collaboration, 2011. Available from handbook.cochrane.org.
184. Sengiku A, Ito M, Miyazaki Y, Sawazaki H, Takahashi T, Ogura K. A prospective comparative study of intravesical Bacillus Calmette-Guérin therapy with the Tokyo or Connaught strain for nonmuscle invasive bladder cancer. Journal of Urology 2013;190(1):50-4.
185. Shang PF, Kwong J, Wang ZP, Tian J, Jiang L, Yang K, et al. Intravesical Bacillus Calmette-Guérin versus epirubicin for Ta and T1 bladder cancer. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2011, Issue 5. [DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD006885.pub2]
186. Shariat SF, Sfakianos JP, Droller MJ, Karakiewicz PI, Meryn S, Bochner BH. The effect of age and gender on bladder cancer: a critical review of the literature. BJU International 2010;105(3):300-8.
187. Shelley MD, Mason MD, Kynaston H. Intravesical therapy for superficial bladder cancer: a systematic review of randomised trials and meta-analyses. Cancer Treatment Reviews 2010;36(3):195-205.
188. Siegel RL, Miller KD, Jemal A. Cancer statistics, 2018. CA: a Cancer Journal for Clinicians 2018;68(1):7-30.
189. Sievert KD, Amend B, Nagele U, Schilling D, Bedke J, Horstmann M, et al. Economic aspects of bladder cancer: what are the benefits and costs?. World Journal of Urology 2009;27(3):295-300.
190. Slater SE, Patel P, Viney R, Foster M, Porfiri E, James ND, et al. The effects and effectiveness of electromotive drug administration and chemohyperthermia for treating non-muscle invasive bladder cancer. Annals of the Royal College of Surgeons of England 2014;96(6):415-9.
191. Sobin LH, Gospodariwicz M, Wittekind C. TNM Classification of Malignant Tumors. 7th Edition. Geneva (Switzerland): UICC International Union Against Cancer, 2009.
192. Soloway MS, Masters S. Urothelial susceptibility to tumor cell implantation: influence of cauterization. Cancer 1980;46(5):1158-63.
193. Solsona E, Madero R, Chantada V, Fernandez JM, Zabala JA, Portillo JA, et al. Members of Club Urológico Español de Tratamiento Oncológico. Sequential combination of mitomycin C plus Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) is more effective but more toxic than BCG alone in patients with non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer in intermediate- and high-risk patients: final outcome of CUETO 93009, a randomized prospective trial. European Urology 2016;67(3):508-16.
194. Sterne JA, Sutton AJ, Ioannidis JP, Terrin N, Jones DR, Lau J, et al. Recommendations for examining and interpreting funnel plot asymmetry in meta-analyses of randomised controlled trials. BMJ 2011;343:d4002.
195. Svatek RS, Hollenbeck BK, Holmäng S, Lee R, Kim SP, Stenzl A, et al. The economics of bladder cancer: costs and considerations of caring for this disease. European Urology 2014;66(2):253-62.
196. Sylvester RJ, Oosterlinck W, van der Meijden AP. A single immediate postoperative instillation of chemotherapy decreases the risk of recurrence in patients with stage Ta T1 bladder cancer: a meta-analysis of published results of randomized clinical trials. Journal of Urology 2004;171(6 Pt 1):2186-90.
197. Sylvester RJ, van der Meijden AP, Oosterlinck W, Witjes JA, Bouffioux C, Denis L, et al. Predicting recurrence and progression in individual patients with stage Ta T1 bladder cancer using EORTC risk tables: a combined analysis of 2596 patients from seven EORTC trials. European Urology 2006;49(3):466-77.
198. Tierney JF, Stewart LA, Ghersi D, Burdett S, Sydes MR. Practical methods for incorporating summary time-to-event data into meta-analysis. Trials 2007;8:16.
199. van Rhijn BW, Burger M, Lotan Y, Solsona E, Stief CG, Sylvester RJ, et al. Recurrence and progression of disease in non–muscle-invasive bladder cancer: from epidemiology to treatment strategy. European Urology 2009;56:430-42.
200. Williamson PR, Smith CT, Hutton JL, Marson AG. Aggregate data meta-analysis with time-to-event outcomes. Statistics in Medicine 2002;1(22):3337-51.
201. Woods BS, Hawkins N, Scott DA. Network meta-analysis on the log-hazard scale, combining count and hazard ratio statistics accounting for multi-arm trials: a tutorial. BMC Medical Research Methodology 2010;10:54.
202. Shelley MD, Court JB, Kynaston H, Wilt TJ, Coles B, Mason M. Intravesical Bacillus Calmette-Guerin versus mitomycin C for Ta and T1 bladder cancer [updated in 2015 and then withdrawn]. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2003, Issue 3. [DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD003231]
203. Schmidt S, Kunath F, Coles B, Draeger DL, Krabbe LM, Dersch R, et al. Intravesical bacillus Calmette-Guérin versus mitomycin C for Ta and T1 bladder cancer. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2015, Issue 11. [DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD011935]
204. Shelley M, Court JB, Kynaston HG, Wilt TJ, Coles B, Mason M. WITHDRAWN: Intravesical Bacillus Calmette-Guerin versus mitomycin C for Ta and T I bladder cancer. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2015, Issue 11. [DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD003231.pub2]