메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 1, Issue 3, 2014, Pages 208-216

Tobacco Product Waste: An Environmental Approach to Reduce Tobacco Consumption

Author keywords

Cigarette filters; Extended producer responsibility; Tobacco consumption; Tobacco product waste

Indexed keywords


EID: 85072710422     PISSN: None     EISSN: 21965412     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1007/s40572-014-0016-x     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (173)

References (65)
  • 1
    • 85085064597 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • . Accessed May 2011
    • Litter Free Planet. Exposing the butts. 2009. http://www.litterfreeplanet.com/id6.html. Accessed May 2011.
    • (2009) Exposing the butts
  • 3
    • 85085149442 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Get your butts off the street says Ó Neachtain
    • April 15,. Accessed May 2011
    • Andrews K. Get your butts off the street says Ó Neachtain. Galway Advertiser. April 15, 2004. http://archive.advertiser.ie/pages/home.php. Accessed May 2011.
    • (2004) Galway Advertiser
    • Andrews, K.1
  • 6
    • 85085067877 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • September 14
    • Keep Britain Tidy. Rise in cigarette litter. September 14, 2007. http://www.keepbritaintidy.org/News/NewsArchive/Default.aspx?newsID=212. Accessed May 2011.
    • (2007) Rise in cigarette litter
  • 7
    • 79952191732 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Covering their butts: responses to the cigarette litter problem
    • PID: 20966130
    • Smith EA, McDaniel PA. Covering their butts: responses to the cigarette litter problem. Tob Control. 2011;20:100–6.
    • (2011) Tob Control , vol.20 , pp. 100-106
    • Smith, E.A.1    McDaniel, P.A.2
  • 8
    • 85085085193 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • . Accessed 15 Jan 2014
    • City of Tacoma. Can it: keep your butts out of the bay. 2010. http://www.cityoftacoma.org/Page.aspx?nid=695. Accessed 15 Jan 2014.
    • (2010) Can It: Keep Your Butts out of the Bay
  • 10
    • 84871402015 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cigarette butt littering in city streets: a new methodology for studying and results
    • Patel V, Thomson GW, Wilson N. Cigarette butt littering in city streets: a new methodology for studying and results. Tob Control. 2013;22:59–62. doi:10.1136/tobaccocontrol-2012-050529.
    • (2013) Tob Control , vol.22 , pp. 59-62
    • Patel, V.1    Thomson, G.W.2    Wilson, N.3
  • 11
    • 31544471742 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cigarette butts as litter-toxic as well as ugly?
    • Register K. Cigarette butts as litter-toxic as well as ugly? Bull Am Littoral Soc. 2000;25:23–9.
    • (2000) Bull Am Littoral Soc , vol.25 , pp. 23-29
    • Register, K.1
  • 12
    • 84864994633 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Consumption of cigarettes and combustible tobacco—United States, 2000–2011
    • Tynan MA, McAfee T, Promoff G, Pechacek T. Consumption of cigarettes and combustible tobacco—United States, 2000–2011. MMWR. 2012;61:565–9.
    • (2012) MMWR , vol.61 , pp. 565-569
    • Tynan, M.A.1    McAfee, T.2    Promoff, G.3    Pechacek, T.4
  • 13
    • 67149088645 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cigarettes butts and the case for an environmental policy on hazardous cigarette waste
    • PID: 19543415
    • Novotny TE, Lum K, Smith E, Wang V, Barnes R. Cigarettes butts and the case for an environmental policy on hazardous cigarette waste. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2009;6:1691–705.
    • (2009) Int J Environ Res Public Health , vol.6 , pp. 1691-1705
    • Novotny, T.E.1    Lum, K.2    Smith, E.3    Wang, V.4    Barnes, R.5
  • 14
    • 84893235639 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Atlanta: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Office on Smoking and Health; 2014. This document updates the chemistry of tobacco products and clearly makes the case that there is no benefit from product designs, such as the cellulose acetate filter found on nearly all filtered cigarettes sold, in terms of reducing the risks of smoking
    • U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. The health consequences of smoking—50 years of progress: a report of the Surgeon General. Atlanta: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Office on Smoking and Health; 2014. This document updates the chemistry of tobacco products and clearly makes the case that there is no benefit from product designs, such as the cellulose acetate filter found on nearly all filtered cigarettes sold, in terms of reducing the risks of smoking.
    • The health consequences of smoking—50 years of progress: A report of the Surgeon General.
  • 16
    • 24944548941 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Accessed 30 Jan 2014
    • US Environmental Protection Agency. Toxic Release Inventory (TRI) Program. http://www2.epa.gov/toxics-release-inventory-tri-program. Accessed 30 Jan 2014.
    • Toxic Release Inventory (TRI) Program
  • 17
    • 79960634947 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Toxicity of cigarette butts, and their chemical components, to marine and freshwater fish, Atherinops affinis and Pimephales promelas
    • This key study used an EPA protocol to establish chemical toxicity of butt leachates on fresh water and marine fish
    • Slaughter E, Gersberg R, Watanabe K, Rudolf J, Novotny TE. Toxicity of cigarette butts, and their chemical components, to marine and freshwater fish, Atherinops affinis and Pimephales promelas. Tob Control. 2011;20:i25–9. doi:10.1136/tc.2010.040170. This key study used an EPA protocol to establish chemical toxicity of butt leachates on fresh water and marine fish.
    • (2011) Tob Control , vol.20 , pp. i25-i29
    • Slaughter, E.1    Gersberg, R.2    Watanabe, K.3    Rudolf, J.4    Novotny, T.E.5
  • 18
    • 79960646297 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Analysis of metals leached from smoked cigarette litter
    • This study of butt leachates identified heavy metals butt leachages that could contaminate the aquatic biome
    • Moerman JW, Potts GE. Analysis of metals leached from smoked cigarette litter. Tob Control. 2011;20 Suppl 1:i28–32. doi:10.1136/tc.2010.040196. This study of butt leachates identified heavy metals in butt leachages that could contaminate the aquatic biome.
    • (2011) Tob Control , vol.20 , pp. i28-i32
    • Moerman, J.W.1    Potts, G.E.2
  • 19
    • 33646747029 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The detection of nitro pesticides in mainstream and sidestream cigarette smoke using electron monochromator-mass spectrometry
    • COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD28XjsFWqt7s%3D, PID: 16689520
    • Dane AJ, Crystal DH, Kent JV. The detection of nitro pesticides in mainstream and sidestream cigarette smoke using electron monochromator-mass spectrometry. Anal Chem. 2006;78:3227–33.
    • (2006) Anal Chem , vol.78 , pp. 3227-3233
    • Dane, A.J.1    Crystal, D.H.2    Kent, J.V.3
  • 20
    • 0001222249 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Quantitative determination of phenols in mainstream smoke with solid-phase microextraction-gas chromatographic-selected ion monitoring mass spectrometry
    • COI: 1:CAS:528:DyaK28XjtFKrsbo%3D
    • Clark TJ, Bunch JE. Quantitative determination of phenols in mainstream smoke with solid-phase microextraction-gas chromatographic-selected ion monitoring mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr Sci. 1996;34:272–5.
    • (1996) J Chromatogr Sci , vol.34 , pp. 272-275
    • Clark, T.J.1    Bunch, J.E.2
  • 21
    • 85085122667 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Toxnet, National Library of Medicine
    • Hazardous Substances Data Bank. 2009. Toxnet, National Library of Medicine. 4-ethylphenol. http://toxnet.nlm.nih.gov/cgi-bin/sis/htmlgen?HSDB.
    • (2009) 4-Ethylphenol
  • 22
    • 0028831731 scopus 로고
    • Quinone methide formation from Pura isomers of methylphenol (cresol), ethylphenol, and isopropylphenol: relationship to toxicity
    • COI: 1:CAS:528:DyaK2MXjt1ClsLY%3D, PID: 7703367
    • Thompson DC, Perera K, London R. Quinone methide formation from Pura isomers of methylphenol (cresol), ethylphenol, and isopropylphenol: relationship to toxicity. Chem Res Toxicol. 1995;8:55–60.
    • (1995) Chem Res Toxicol , vol.8 , pp. 55-60
    • Thompson, D.C.1    Perera, K.2    London, R.3
  • 23
    • 0242436380 scopus 로고
    • Quantitative determination of phenol and alkylphenols in cigarette smoke and their removal by various filters
    • COI: 1:CAS:528:DyaE3sXhtlant7k%3D
    • Baggett MS, Morie GP. Quantitative determination of phenol and alkylphenols in cigarette smoke and their removal by various filters. Tob Sci. 1973;17:30–2.
    • (1973) Tob Sci , vol.17 , pp. 30-32
    • Baggett, M.S.1    Morie, G.P.2
  • 24
    • 0002132418 scopus 로고
    • The selective filtration of tobacco smoke
    • Wynder EL, Hoffman(eds), Academic Press, New York
    • George TW, Keith CH. The selective filtration of tobacco smoke. In: Wynder EL, Hoffmann D, editors. Tobacco and tobacco smoke. New York: Academic Press; 1967. p. 577–622.
    • (1967) Tobacco and tobacco smoke , pp. 577-622
    • George, T.W.1    Keith, C.H.2
  • 25
    • 0002965715 scopus 로고
    • Filtration of phenols from cigarette smoke
    • COI: 1:CAS:528:DyaF3sXkt1CrtQ%3D%3D, PID: 13963937
    • Hoffmann D, Wynder EL. Filtration of phenols from cigarette smoke. J Natl Cancer Inst. 1963;30:67–84.
    • (1963) J Natl Cancer Inst , vol.30 , pp. 67-84
    • Hoffmann, D.1    Wynder, E.L.2
  • 26
    • 0004478086 scopus 로고
    • Selective filtration of volatile phenolic compounds from cigarette smoke
    • COI: 1:CAS:528:DyaF3sXksVegsb8%3D
    • Spears AW. Selective filtration of volatile phenolic compounds from cigarette smoke. Tob Sci. 1963;7:76–80.
    • (1963) Tob Sci , vol.7 , pp. 76-80
    • Spears, A.W.1
  • 31
    • 29044444709 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Facts about nicotine toxicity
    • PID: 16370520
    • Karaconji B. Facts about nicotine toxicity. Arh Hig Rada Toksikol. 2005;56:363–71.
    • (2005) Arh Hig Rada Toksikol , vol.56 , pp. 363-371
    • Karaconji, B.1
  • 32
    • 0021270837 scopus 로고
    • Daily intake of nicotine during cigarette smoking
    • COI: 1:CAS:528:DyaL2cXktFyrtbs%3D, PID: 6705448
    • Benowitz NL, Jacob III P. Daily intake of nicotine during cigarette smoking. Clin Pharmacol Ther. 1984;35:499–504.
    • (1984) Clin Pharmacol Ther , vol.35 , pp. 499-504
    • Benowitz, N.L.1    Jacob, P.2
  • 33
    • 0026063510 scopus 로고
    • Stable isotope studies of nicotine kinetics and bioavailability
    • COI: 1:CAS:528:DyaK3MXksVCjtLc%3D, PID: 2007322
    • Benowitz NL, Jacob III P, Denaro C, Jenkins R. Stable isotope studies of nicotine kinetics and bioavailability. Clin Pharmacol Ther. 1991;49:270–7.
    • (1991) Clin Pharmacol Ther , vol.49 , pp. 270-277
    • Benowitz, N.L.1    Jacob, P.2    Denaro, C.3    Jenkins, R.4
  • 34
    • 38449090570 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Trends in nicotine yield in smoke and its relationship with design characteristics among popular U.S. cigarette brands, 1997–2005
    • PID: 17897974
    • Connolly GN, Alpert HR, Wayne GF, Koh H. Trends in nicotine yield in smoke and its relationship with design characteristics among popular U.S. cigarette brands, 1997–2005. Tob Control. 2007;16:e5.
    • (2007) Tob Control , vol.16
    • Connolly, G.N.1    Alpert, H.R.2    Wayne, G.F.3    Koh, H.4
  • 35
    • 8644231176 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cigarette smoke components and disease: Cigarette smoke is more than a triad of tar, nicotine, and carbon monoxide
    • Harris JE. Cigarette smoke components and disease: cigarette smoke is more than a triad of tar, nicotine, and carbon monoxide. Smoking and tobacco control monograph no. 7. NIH Pub. No. 96–4028; 1996. p. 59–75.
    • (1996) Smoking and Tobacco Control Monograph , Issue.7 , pp. 59-75
    • Harris, J.E.1
  • 36
    • 85085096135 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Low yield cigarettes and cigarette-like products 2010. http://www.cdc.gov/tobacco/data_statistics/fact_sheets/tobacco_industry/low_yield_cigarettes/index.htm.
    • Low Yield Cigarettes and Cigarette-Like Products 2010
  • 37
    • 31544477486 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Variation in, and causes of, toxicity of cigarette butts to a cladoceran and microtox
    • COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD28Xnt1Glsw%3D%3D, PID: 16328625
    • Micevska T, Warne M, St J, Pablo F, Patra R. Variation in, and causes of, toxicity of cigarette butts to a cladoceran and microtox. Arch Environ Contam Toxicol. 2006;50:205–12.
    • (2006) Arch Environ Contam Toxicol , vol.50 , pp. 205-212
    • Micevska, T.1    Warne, M.2    St, J.3    Pablo, F.4    Patra, R.5
  • 38
    • 84879172454 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Toxicity and a hazard assessment of cigarette butts to aquatic organisms
    • Programme and Abstract Book. Sydney, Australia; 2002:1
    • Warne MSJ, Patra RW, Cole B, Lunau B. Toxicity and a hazard assessment of cigarette butts to aquatic organisms. Interact 2002 - Programme and Abstract Book. Sydney, Australia; 2002:1.
    • (2002) Interact
    • Warne, M.S.J.1    Patra, R.W.2    Cole, B.3    Lunau, B.4
  • 39
    • 58149259980 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Waste on the roadside, ‘poi-sute’ waste: its distribution and elution potential of pollutants into environment
    • COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD1MXmtFOisw%3D%3D, PID: 18851907
    • Moriwaki H, Kitajima S, Katahira K. Waste on the roadside, ‘poi-sute’ waste: its distribution and elution potential of pollutants into environment. Waste Manag. 2009;29:1192–7.
    • (2009) Waste Manag , vol.29 , pp. 1192-1197
    • Moriwaki, H.1    Kitajima, S.2    Katahira, K.3
  • 41
    • 85085069179 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Laboratory Procedures Manual
    • Sydney, Australia;, Accessed 31 Jan 2014
    • New South Wales Environmental Protection Agency. Laboratory Procedures Manual. Ecotoxicology section, 11. Sydney, Australia; 2001. Accessed 31 Jan 2014.
    • (2001) Ecotoxicology Section , pp. 11
  • 44
    • 0001108982 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cigarette manufacture: cigarette design and materials
    • Davis DL, Nielsen MT, (eds), Blackwell Science, Oxford
    • Norman A. Cigarette manufacture: cigarette design and materials. In: Davis DL, Nielsen MT, editors. Tobacco: production, chemistry and technology. Oxford: Blackwell Science; 1999. p. 353–87.
    • (1999) Tobacco: production, chemistry and technology , pp. 353-387
    • Norman, A.1
  • 45
    • 0017465868 scopus 로고
    • Photodegradation of cellulose acetate fibers
    • COI: 1:CAS:528:DyaE2sXht1aktbs%3D
    • Hon NS. Photodegradation of cellulose acetate fibers. J Polym Sci A Polym Chem. 1977;15:725–44.
    • (1977) J Polym Sci A Polym Chem , vol.15 , pp. 725-744
    • Hon, N.S.1
  • 46
    • 85085072019 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Clean Virginia Waterways. Are Cigarette butts biodegradable? http://www.longwood.edu/CLEANVA/cigbuttbiodegradable.htm. Accessed May 2011.
    • (2011) Are Cigarette Butts Biodegradable
  • 47
  • 48
    • 85085131082 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cigarette filter ventilation is a defective design because of misleading taste, bigger puffs, and blocked vents
    • Kozlowski L, O’Conner R. Cigarette filter ventilation is a defective design because of misleading taste, bigger puffs, and blocked vents. Tob Control. 2002;11:i40e50.
    • (2002) Tob Control , vol.11 , pp. i40e50
    • Kozlowski, L.1    O’Conner, R.2
  • 49
    • 33744966657 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Maximum yields might improve public health—if filter vents were banned: a lesson from the history of vented filters
    • COI: 1:STN:280:DC%2BD28zgtV2qsw%3D%3D, PID: 16728759
    • Kozlowski LT, O’Connor RJ, Cummings KM. Maximum yields might improve public health—if filter vents were banned: a lesson from the history of vented filters. Tob Control. 2006;15:262–4.
    • (2006) Tob Control , vol.15 , pp. 262-264
    • Kozlowski, L.T.1    O’Connor, R.J.2    Cummings, K.M.3
  • 50
    • 85085119338 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • No, . Bethesda, MD: US Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, National Institutes of Health, National Cancer Institute, Accessed 31 Jan 2014
    • US National Cancer Institute. Tobacco Control Monograph No. 13. Bethesda, MD: US Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, National Institutes of Health, National Cancer Institute, 2001:13. Accessed 31 Jan 2014.
    • (2001) Tobacco Control Monograph , vol.13 , pp. 13
  • 54
    • 84872816560 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 50-year trends in smoking-related mortality in the United States
    • COI: 1:CAS:528:DC%2BC3sXhsFSnsbk%3D, PID: 23343064
    • Thun MJ, Carter BD, Feskanich D, Freedman ND, Prentice R, Lopez AD, et al. 50-year trends in smoking-related mortality in the United States. N Engl J Med. 2013;368:351–64.
    • (2013) N Engl J Med , vol.368 , pp. 351-364
    • Thun, M.J.1    Carter, B.D.2    Feskanich, D.3    Freedman, N.D.4    Prentice, R.5    Lopez, A.D.6
  • 55
    • 79960634759 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Regulating the disposal of cigarette butts as toxic hazardous waste
    • Barnes RL. Regulating the disposal of cigarette butts as toxic hazardous waste. Tob Control. 2011;20 Suppl 1:i42–5. doi:10.1136/tc.2010.041301.
    • (2011) Tob Control , vol.20 , pp. i42-i45
    • Barnes, R.L.1
  • 56
    • 33645941522 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Planning the funeral at the birth: extended producer responsibility in the European Union and the United States
    • Sachs N. Planning the funeral at the birth: extended producer responsibility in the European Union and the United States. Harv Environ Law Rev. 2006;30:51e98.
    • (2006) Harv Environ Law Rev , vol.30 , pp. 51e98
    • Sachs, N.1
  • 58
    • 33746852676 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effectiveness of cigarette warning labels in informing smokers about the risks of smoking: Findings from the International Tobacco Control (ITC) Four Country Survey
    • Hammond D, Fong GT, Borland R, McNeill A, Cummings KM, Hastings G. Effectiveness of cigarette warning labels in informing smokers about the risks of smoking: findings from the International Tobacco Control (ITC) Four Country Survey. Tob Control. 2006;15(Suppl III):iii19–25. doi:10.1136/tc.2005.012294.
    • (2006) Tob Control , vol.15
    • Hammond, D.1    Fong, G.T.2    Borland, R.3    McNeill, A.4    Cummings, K.M.5    Hastings, G.6
  • 59
    • 85085103699 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Oregon Department of Environmental Quality. The Oregon Bottle Bill Fact Sheet. http://www.deq.state.or.us/lq/pubs/factsheets/sw/ExpandedBottleBill.pdf. Accessed 28 Oct 2010.
    • (2010) The Oregon Bottle Bill Fact Sheet
  • 60
    • 85085146540 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pub. No.: WO/2007/035749 International Application No.: PCT/US2006/036511, Publication Date: Mar 29, 2007 International Filing Date: Sep 19
    • WIPO IP Service. Process and Method for Recycling Cigarette Butts. Pub. No.: WO/2007/035749 International Application No.: PCT/US2006/036511, Publication Date: Mar 29, 2007 International Filing Date: Sep 19, 2006.
    • (2006) Process and Method for Recycling Cigarette Butts.
  • 61
    • 85016791385 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cutting a Deal With Big Tobacco
    • Szaky T. Cutting a Deal With Big Tobacco. New York Times, April 30, 2012. http://boss.blogs.nytimes.com/2012/04/30/cutting-our-first-deal-with-big-tobacco/?_php=true&_type=blogs&_r=0. Accessed 31 Jan 2014.
    • (2012) New York Times
    • Szaky, T.1
  • 62
    • 79960624459 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Tobacco litter costs and public policy: a framework and methodology for considering the use of fees to offset abatement costs
    • Schneider JE, Peterson A, Kiss N, Ebeid O, Doyle A. Tobacco litter costs and public policy: a framework and methodology for considering the use of fees to offset abatement costs. Tob Control. 2011;20 Suppl 1:i33–8. doi:10.1136/tc.2010.041707.
    • (2011) Tob Control , vol.20 , pp. i33-i38
    • Schneider, J.E.1    Peterson, A.2    Kiss, N.3    Ebeid, O.4    Doyle, A.5
  • 64
    • 85085116034 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Assembly Bill No. 1504, Introduced by Assembly Member Stone
    • California Legislature, 2013–2014 Regular Session. Assembly Bill No. 1504, Introduced by Assembly Member Stone. January 14, 2014. http://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/billNavClient.xhtml?bill_id=201320140AB1504. Accessed 31 Jan 2014.
    • (2014) California Legislature, 2013–2014 Regular Session
  • 65
    • 85085126147 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Accessed 31 Jan 2014
    • American Lung Association. FDA Authority Over Tobacco Products. http://www.lung.org/stop-smoking/tobacco-control-advocacy/federal/fda-authority-over-tobacco.html. Accessed 31 Jan 2014.
    • FDA Authority over Tobacco Products


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.