Antiarrhythmics for maintaining sinus rhythm after cardioversion of atrial fibrillation

Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews

Volumn 2019, Issue 9, 2019, Pages

  Valembois, Lucie ^a   Audureau, Etienne ^b   Takeda, Andrea ^c   Jarzebowski, Witold ^d   Belmin, Joël ^e   Lafuente Lafuente, Carmelo ^a  

^a PITIÉ SALPÊTRIÈRE HOSPITAL   (France)

^b HENRI MONDOR HOSPITAL   (France)

^c UNIVERSITY COLLEGE LONDON   (United Kingdom)

^d Service de Chirurgie Spécialisée Unité de Recherche Clinique   (France)

^e SORBONNE UNIVERSITÉ   (France)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

AMIODARONE; ANTIARRHYTHMIC AGENT; DISOPYRAMIDE; DOFETILIDE; DRONEDARONE; FLECAINIDE; METOPROLOL; PROPAFENONE; QUINIDINE; SOTALOL;

ALL CAUSE MORTALITY; ATRIAL FIBRILLATION; ATRIOVENTRICULAR BLOCK; BRADYCARDIA; CARDIOVASCULAR MORTALITY; CARDIOVERSION; CEREBROVASCULAR ACCIDENT; CLINICAL OUTCOME; COMPARATIVE EFFECTIVENESS; DISEASE ASSOCIATION; DRUG EFFECT; DRUG EFFICACY; FAINTNESS; HEART PROARRHYTHMIA; HEART VENTRICLE ARRHYTHMIA; HEART VENTRICLE FIBRILLATION; HEART VENTRICLE TACHYCARDIA; HIGH RISK PATIENT; HUMAN; LONG TERM CARE; MORTALITY RATE; MORTALITY RISK; PRIORITY JOURNAL; RECURRENT DISEASE; REVIEW; RISK BENEFIT ANALYSIS; RISK REDUCTION; SINUS BRADYCARDIA; SINUS RHYTHM; SUDDEN CARDIAC DEATH; SYSTEMATIC REVIEW; TORSADE DES POINTES; TREATMENT WITHDRAWAL; RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL (TOPIC); SECONDARY PREVENTION;

ANTI-ARRHYTHMIA AGENTS; ATRIAL FIBRILLATION; ELECTRIC COUNTERSHOCK; HUMANS; RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIALS AS TOPIC; RECURRENCE; SECONDARY PREVENTION;

EID: 85072086774     PISSN: 14651858     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD005049.pub5     Document Type: Review

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78. Patten M, Koch HP, Sonntag F, Luderitz B, Meinertz T. Medicamentous prevention of symptomatic paroxysmal atrial fibrillation/flutter onset. Goals and design of the SOPAT study. Executive committee of the investigators representing trial physicians [Die medikamentose Anfallsprophylaxe bei symptomatischem paroxysmalem Vorhofflimmern/–flattern. Ziele und Design der SOPAT–Studie. Investigators in Vertretung der Prufarzte]. Zeitschrift fur Kardiologie 1999;88(3):185–94. MEDLINE: PMID: 10355069; ISSN: 0300–5860
79. Patten M, Maas R, Bauer P, Luderitz B, Sonntag F, Dluzniewski M, et al. Suppression of paroxysmal atrial tachyarrhythmias-results of the SOPAT trial. European Heart Journal 2004;25(16):1395–404. MEDLINE: PMID: 15321697; ISSN: 0195–668X
80. {published data only} Steinbeck G, Doliwa R, Bach P. Therapy of paroxysmal atrial fibrillation. Cardiac glycosides alone or combined with anti-arrhythmia agents? [Therapie des paroxysmalen Vorhofflimmerns. Herzglykoside allein oder in Kombination mit Antiarrhythmika?]. Deutsche Medizinische Wochenschrift 1988;113(48):1867–71. MEDLINE: PMID: 3143539; ISSN: 0012–0472
81. Stroobandt R, Stiels B, Hoebrechts R. Propafenone for conversion and prophylaxis of atrial fibrillation. Propafenone Atrial Fibrillation Trial Investigators. American Journal of Cardiology 1997;79(4):418–23. MEDLINE:
82. Van Gelder 1989 {published data only} Van Gelder IC, Crijns HJ, Van Gilst WH, Van Wijk LM, Hamer HP, Lie KI. Efficacy and safety of flecainide acetate in the maintenance of sinus rhythm after electrical cardioversion of chronic atrial fibrillation or atrial flutter. American Journal of Cardiology 1989;64(19):1317–21. MEDLINE: PMID: 2511744; ISSN: 0002–9149
83. Van Gelder IC, Crijns HJ, Van Gilst WH, Van Wijk LM, Hamer HP, Lie KI. Efficacy of flecainide to maintain sinus rhythm after cardioversion of chronic atrial fibrillation and flutter. Circulation 1988;78(4 Pt 2):III626. MEDLINE: PMID: 3168202; ISSN: 0009–7322
84. {published data only} Vijayalakshmi K, Whittaker VJ, Sutton A, Campbell P, Wright RA, Hall JA, et al. A randomized trial of prophylactic antiarrhythmic agents (amiodarone and sotalol) in patients with atrial fibrillation for whom direct current cardioversion is planned. American Heart Journal 2006;151(4):863.e1–6. PUBMED: 16569550]
85. Villani 1992 {published data only} Villani R, Zoletti F, Veniani M, Locati F, Nava S. A comparison between amiodarone and disopyramide in a delayed-release formulation in the prevention of recurrences of symptomatic atrial fibrillation [Confronto fra amiodarone e disopiramide in formulazione retard nella prevenzione delle recidive di fibrillazione atriale sintomatica]. La Clinica Terapeutica 1992;140(1 Pt 2):35–9. MEDLINE: PMID: 1559321; ISSN: 0009–9074
86. Vitolo 1981 {published data only} Vitolo E, Tronci M, Larovere MT, Rumolo R, Morabito A. Amiodarone versus quinidine in the prophylaxis of atrial fibrillation. Acta Cardiologica 1981;36(6):431–44. MEDLINE: PMID: 7039195; ISSN: 0001–5385
87. ∗ Aberg H. Procaine amide as a prophylactic drug against atrial fibrillation. A controlled study [Prokainamid som profylax mot formaksflimmer. En kontrollerad studie]. Nordisk Medicin 1969;82(33):1011–3. MEDLINE: PMID: Â 5808590; ISSN: 0029–1420
88. Aberg H, Cullhed I. Procaine amide quinidine as prophylactic drugs against relapse of atrial fibrillation [Prokainamid och kinidin som profylaktikum mot recidiv av formaksflimmer]. Nordisk Medicin 1968;79(24):781–2. MEDLINE: PMID: 4880307; ISSN 0029–1420
89. Adamyan 2015 {published data only} Adamyan KG, Tunyan LG, Chilingaryan AL. Comparative efficacy of amiodarone with ivabradin combination or amiodarone with bisoprolol combination in the prevention of atrial fibrillation recurrence in patients with left ventricular diastolic dysfunction. Rational Pharmacotherapy in Cardiology 2015;11(5):483–8. DOI: 10.20996/1819-6446-2015-11-5-483-488
90. AF-CHF 2002 {published data only} Atrial Fibrillation and Congestive Heart Failure (AF-CHF) investigators. Rationale and design of a study assessing treatment strategies of atrial fibrillation in patients with heart failure: the Atrial Fibrillation and Congestive Heart Failure (AF-CHF) trial. American Heart Journal 2002;144 (4):597–607. PUBMED: PMID: 12360154]
91. ∗ Atrial Fibrillation and Congestive Heart Failure (AF-CHF) investigators. Rationale and design of a study assessing treatment strategies of atrial fibrillation in patients with heart failure: the Atrial Fibrillation and Congestive Heart Failure (AF-CHF) trial. American Heart Journal 2002;144(4):597–607. MEDLINE: PMID 12360154; ISSN 0002–8703, EMBASE 2002364426
92. AFFIRM 2002 {published data only} AFFIRM Investigators, Chung MK, Shemanski L, Sherman DG, Greene HL, Hogan DB, Kellen JC, et al. Functional status in rate-versus rhythm-control strategies for atrial fibrillation: results of the Atrial Fibrillation Follow-Up Investigation of Rhythm Management (AFFIRM) Functional Status Substudy. Journal of the American College of Cardiology 2005;46(10):1891–9. PUBMED: PMID: 16286177]
93. AFFIRM Investigators, Corley SD, Epstein AE, DiMarco JP, Domanski MJ, Geller N, Greene HL, et al. Relationships between sinus rhythm, treatment, and survival in the Atrial Fibrillation Follow-Up Investigation of Rhythm Management (AFFIRM) Study. Circulation 2004;109(12): 1509–13. PUBMED: PMID: 15007003]
94. Wyse DG, Waldo AL, DiMarco JP, Domanski MJ, Rosenberg Y, Schron EB, et al. A comparison of rate control and rhythm control in patients with atrial fibrillation. New England Journal of Medicine 2002;347(23):1825–33. MEDLINE: PMID: 12466506; ISSN 0028–4793
95. Anderson JL. Long-term safety and efficacy of flecainide in the treatment of supraventricular tachyarrhythmias: the United States experience. The Flecainide Supraventricular Tachyarrhythmia Investigators. American Journal of Cardiology 1992;70(5):11A–7A. MEDLINE: PMID: 1509993; ISSN: 0002–9149
96. Anderson JL, Gilbert EM, Alpert BL, Henthorn RW, Waldo AL, Bhandari AK, et al. Prevention of symptomatic recurrences of paroxysmal atrial fibrillation in patients initially tolerating antiarrhythmic therapy. A multicenter, double-blind, crossover study of flecainide and placebo with transtelephonic monitoring. Flecainide Supraventricular Tachycardia Study Group. Circulation 1989;80(6):
97. Anderson JL, Platt ML, Guarnieri T, Fox TL, Maser MJ, Pritchett EL. Flecainide acetate for paroxysmal supraventricular tachyarrhythmias. The Flecainide Supraventricular Tachycardia Study Group. American Journal of Cardiology 1994;74(6):578–84. MEDLINE: PMID: 8074041; ISSN: 0002–9149
98. Andromeda 2008 {published data only} Dronedarone Study Group, Køber L, Torp-Pedersen C, McMurray JJ, Gøtzsche O, Lévy S, Crijns H, et al. Increased mortality after dronedarone therapy for severe heart failure. New England Journal of Medicine 2008;358 (25):2678–87. PUBMED: 18565860]
99. ∗ Antman EM, Beamer AD, Cantillon C, McGowan N, Friedman PL. Therapy of refractory symptomatic atrial fibrillation and atrial flutter: a staged care approach with new antiarrhythmic drugs. Journal of the American College of Cardiology 1990;15(3):698–707. MEDLINE: PMID: 2303641; ISSN: 0735–1097
100. Antman EM, Beamer AD, Cantillon C, McGowan N, Goldman L, Friedman PL. Long-term oral propafenone therapy for suppression of refractory symptomatic atrial fibrillation and atrial flutter. Journal of the American College of Cardiology 1988;12(4):1005–11. MEDLINE: PMID: 3417972; ISSN: 0735–1097
101. {published data only} Aros F, Valles V, Alegria E, Loma-Osorio A, Malpartida F. Maintaining sinus rhythm with quinidine and amiodarone after electric cardioversion [Mantenimiento del ritmo sinusal con quinidina y amiodarona tras cardioversion electrica]. Revista Espanola de Cardiologia 1978;31(1 Pt 2): 185–91. MEDLINE: PMID: 663366; ISSN: 0300–8932
102. Babuty 1999 {published data only} Babuty D, D’Hautefeuille B, Scheck F, Mycinsky C, Pruvost P, Peraudeau P. Cibenzoline versus flecainide in the prevention of paroxysmal atrial arrhythmias: a double-blind randomized study. Journal of Clinical Pharmacology 1995;35(5):471–7. MEDLINE: PMID: 7657846; ISSN: 0091–2700
103. Babuty D, Maison-Blanche P, Fauchier L, Brembilla-Perrot B, Medvedowsky JL, Bine-Scheck F. Double-blind comparison of cibenzoline versus flecainide in the prevention of recurrence of atrial tachyarrhythmias in 139 patients. Annals of Noninvasive Electrocardiology 1999;4(1): 53–9. MEDLINE: not indexed; EMBASE 1999048462; ISSN: 1082–720X
104. Maison-Blanche P, Brembilla-Perrot B, Fauchier JP, Babuty D, Garnier LF, Rouesnel P, et al. Comparative study of cibenzoline and flecainide by oral route for preventing recurrence of paroxysmal atrial tachyarrhythmias [Étude comparative de la cibenzoline et du flecaïnide administrés par voie orale dans la prévention de récidive des tachycardies auriculaires]. Annales de Cardiologie et d Angeiologie 1997; 46(2):109–16. MEDLINE: PMID: 9137677; ISSN: 0003–3928
105. {published data only} Beck OA, Lehmann HU, Hochrein H. Propafenone and lidoflazine in chronic atrial fibrillation and flutter (author’s translation) [Propafenon und Lidoflazin bei chronischem Vorhofflimmern und –flattern. Vergleichende Untersuchungen]. Deutsche Medizinische Wochenschrift 1978;103(26):1068–72. MEDLINE: PMID:Â 668524; ISSN: 0012–0472
106. Berns 1987 {published data only} Berns E, Rinkenberger RL, Jeang MK, Dougherty AH, Jenkins M, Naccarelli GV. Efficacy and safety of flecainide acetate for atrial tachycardia or fibrillation. American Journal of Cardiology 1987;59(15):1337–41. MEDLINE: PMID: 3109229; ISSN: 0002–9149
107. {published data only} Blevins RD, Kerin NZ, Benaderet D, Frumin H, Faitel K, Jarandilla R, et al. Amiodarone in the management of refractory atrial fibrillation. Archives of Internal Medicine 1987;147(8):1401–4. MEDLINE: PMID: 3307669; ISSN: 0003–9926
108. Blomstrom 1984 {published data only} Blomstrom P, Edvardsson N, Olsson SB. Amiodarone in atrial fibrillation. Acta Medica Scandinavica 1984;216(5): 517–24. MEDLINE: PMID: 6524456; ISSN: 0001–6101
109. Boissel JP, Wolf E, Gillet J, Soubrane A, Cavallaro A, Mazoyer G, et al. Controlled trial of a long-acting quinidine for maintenance of sinus rhythm after conversion of sustained atrial fibrillation. European Heart Journal 1981;2(1):49–55. MEDLINE: PMID: 7274266; ISSN 0195–668X
110. Brodsky 1987 {published data only} Brodsky MA, Allen BJ, Walker CJ 3rd, Casey TP, Luckett CR, Henry WL. Amiodarone for maintenance of sinus rhythm after conversion of atrial fibrillation in the setting of a dilated left atrium. American Journal of Cardiology 1987;60(7):572–5. MEDLINE: PMID: 3630939; ISSN: 0002–9149
111. {published data only} Deedwania PC, Singh BN, Ellenbogen K, Fisher S, Fletcher R, Singh SN. Spontaneous conversion and maintenance of sinus rhythm by amiodarone in patients with heart failure and atrial fibrillation: observations from the Veterans Affairs Congestive Heart Failure Survival Trial of Antiarrhythmic Therapy (CHF-STAT). Circulation 1998;98(23):2574–9. MEDLINE: PMID: 9843465; ISSN 0009–7322
112. Chun 1995 {published data only} Chun SH, Sager PT, Stevenson WG, Nademanee K, Middlekauff HR, Singh BN. Long-term efficacy of amiodarone for the maintenance of normal sinus rhythm in patients with refractory atrial fibrillation or flutter. American Journal of Cardiology 1995;76(1):47–50. MEDLINE: PMID: 7793402; ISSN: 0002–9149
113. Clementy J, Dulhoste MN, Laiter C, Denjoy I, Dos Santos P. Flecainide acetate in the prevention of paroxysmal atrial fibrillation: a nine-month follow-up of more than 500 patients. American Journal of Cardiology 1992;70(5): 44A–9A. MEDLINE: PMID: 1509998; ISSN: 0002–9149
114. {published data only} Connolly SJ, Hoffert DL. Usefulness of propafenone for recurrent paroxysmal atrial fibrillation. American Journal of Cardiology 1989;63(12):817–9. MEDLINE: PMID: 2648787; ISSN 0002–9149
115. CTAF 2000 {published data only} Dorian P, Paquette M, Newman D, Green M, Connolly SJ, Talajic M, et al. Quality of life improves with treatment in the Canadian Trial of Atrial Fibrillation. American Heart Journal 2002;143(6):984–90. MEDLINE: PMID: 12075253; ISSN: 0002–8703
116. Lumer GB, Roy D, Talajic M, Couturier A, Lambert J, Frasure-Smith N, et al. Amiodarone reduces procedures and costs related to atrial fibrillation in a controlled clinical trial. European Heart Journal 2002;23(13):1050–6. MEDLINE: PMID: 12093058; ISSN: 0195–668X
117. Roy D, Talajic M, Thibault B, Dubuc M, Nattel S, Eisenberg MJ, et al. Pilot study and protocol of the Canadian Trial of Atrial Fibrillation (CTAF). American Journal of Cardiology 1997;80(4):464–8. MEDLINE: PMID: 9285659; ISSN: 0002–9149
118. ∗ Roy D, Talajic M, Dorian P, Connolly S, Eisenberg MJ, Green M, et al. Amiodarone to prevent recurrence of atrial fibrillation. Canadian Trial of Atrial Fibrillation Investigators. New England Journal of Medicine 2000; 342(13):913–20. MEDLINE: PMID: 10738049; ISSN: 0028–4793
119. Cuan-Perez 1971 {published data only} Cuan-Perez M, Ortiz A. Comparative study of quinidine, propranolol and diphenylhydantoin for preventing recurrence in post-cardioversion auricular fibrillation [Estudio comparativo entre quinidina, propranolol y difenil–hidantoinato para prevenir la recaida en fibrilacion auricular post–cardioversion]. Archivos del Instituto de Cardiologia de Mexico 1971;41(3):278–84. MEDLINE: PMID: 5566599; ISSN 0020–3785
120. Darkner 2014 {published data only} Darkner S, Chen X, Hansen J, Pehrson S, Johannessen A, Nielsen JB, et al. Recurrence of arrhythmia following short-term oral AMIOdarone after CATheter ablation for atrial fibrillation: a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled study (AMIO-CAT trial). European Heart Journal 2014;35 (47):3356–64. DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehu354
121. {published data only} Di Biase L, Mohanty P, Mohanty S, Santangeli P, Trivedi C, Lakkireddy D, et al. Ablation versus amiodarone for treatment of persistent atrial fibrillation in patients with congestive heart failure and an implanted device: results from the AATAC multicenter randomized trial. Circulation 2016;133(17):1637–44. DOI: 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.115.019406
122. Enriquez 2014 {published data only} Enriquez A, Conde D, Hopman W, Mondragon I, Chiale PA, de Luna AB, et al. Advanced interatrial block is associated with recurrence of atrial fibrillation post pharmacological cardioversion. Cardiovascular Therapeutics 2014;32(2):52–6. DOI: 10.1111/1755-5922.12063
123. ERAFT 2002 {published data only} Meinertz T, Lip GY, Lombardi F, Sadowski ZP, Kalsch B, Camez A, et al. Efficacy and safety of propafenone sustained release in the prophylaxis of symptomatic paroxysmal atrial fibrillation. The European Rythmol/Rytmonorm Atrial Fibrillation Trial (ERAFT) Study. American Journal of Cardiology 2002;90(12):1300–6. MEDLINE: PMID: 12480038; ISSN 0002–9149
124. Faivre 1970 {published data only} Faivre G, Polu JM. Disopyramide in the preparation for electric shock in atrial fibrillation and in the maintenance of subsequent sinus rhythm [La disopiramide nella preparazione allo shock elettrico della fibrillazione atriale e nel mantenimento dell’ulteriore ritmo sinusale]. Minerva Medica 1970;61(71 Suppl):3745–7. MEDLINE: PMID: 5454439; ISSN 0026–4806
125. Farkowski MM, Maciag A, Dabrowski R, Pytkowski M, Kowalik I, Szwed H. Clinical efficacy of antazoline in rapid cardioversion of paroxysmal atrial fibrillation-a protocol of a single center, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study (the AnPAF Study). Trials 2012;13: 162. DOI: 10.1186/1745-6215-13-162
126. Fernández 1998 {published data only} Fernández JM, Martínez-Marcos FJ, Ortega A, García JL, Camacho C, Santos JM, et al. Comparative study of propafenone, amiodarone and flecainide in the treatment of paroxystic atrial fibrillation [Estudio comparativo de propafenona, amiodarona y flecainida en el tratamiento de la fibrilación auricular paroxística]. Revista Espanola de Cardiologia 1998;51 Suppl 5:84. MEDLINE: Not indexed; ISSN: 0300–8932
127. Feyrer 2014 {published data only} Feyrer R, Ballazhi F, Seitz T, Weyand M, Harig F. Impact of medical treatment on long-term results after surgical ablation of atrial fibrillation in cardiac surgical patients. Annals of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery 2014;20(3): 207–12. MEDLINE: 23558224
128. ∗ Fragakis N, Koskinas KC, Katritsis DG, Pagourelias ED, Zografos T, Geleris P. Comparison of effectiveness of ranolazine plus amiodarone versus amiodarone alone for conversion of recent-onset atrial fibrillation. American Journal of Cardiology 2012;110(5):673–7. DOI: 10.1016/j.amjcard.2012.04.044; PUBMED: 22621799
129. Koskinas KC, Fragakis N, Pagourelias ED, Rossios K, Abramidou A, Sotiriou P, et al. Ranolazine added to amiodarone vs. amiodarone alone for the conversion of recent-onset atrial fibrillation. European Heart Journal 2012;33 Suppl 1:383. DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehs282; PUBMED: 23805432
130. Frances 1985 {published data only} Frances Y, Luccioni R, Delaage M, Donnarel G, Medvedowsky JL, Quiret JC. Long-term prevention of the recurrence of auricular fibrillation using cibenzoline. Multicenter study apropos of 89 case reports [Prevention au long cours des recidives de fibrillation auriculaire par la cibenzoline. Etude multicentrique a propos de 89 observations]. Archives des Maladies du Coeur et des Vaisseaux 1985;78(Spec No):99–103. MEDLINE: PMID: 3938266; ISSN: 0003–9683
131. {published data only} Galperin J, Elizari MV, Bonato R, Ledesma R, Vazquez Blanco M, Lago M, et al. Short-term amiodarone therapy after reversion of persistent atrial fibrillation reduces recurrences at 18 months. Cardiology Journal 2014;21(4): 397–404. DOI: 10.5603/CJ.a2013.0152; PUBMED: 24293165
132. Gold RL, Haffajee CI, Charos G, Sloan K, Baker S, Alpert JS. Amiodarone for refractory atrial fibrillation. American Journal of Cardiology 1986;57(1):124–7. MEDLINE: PMID: 3942054; ISSN: 0002–9149
133. Gosselink 1992 {published data only} Gosselink AT, Crijns HJ, Van Gelder IC, Hillige H, Wiesfeld AC, Lie KI. Low-dose amiodarone for maintenance of sinus rhythm after cardioversion of atrial fibrillation or flutter. JAMA 1992;267(24):3289–93. MEDLINE: PMID: 1597910; ISSN 0098–7484
134. Graboys TB, Podrid PJ, Lown B. Efficacy of amiodarone for refractory supraventricular tachyarrhythmias. American Heart Journal 1983;106(4 Pt 2):870–6. MEDLINE: PMID: 6613832; ISSN: 0002–8703
135. {published data only} Gramley F, Koellensperger E, Munzel T, Kettering KC. Dronedarone therapy after catheter ablation of atrial fibrillation: a new hybrid therapy option. Europace 2011; 13 Suppl 3:NP. DOI: doi:10.1093/europace/eur214
136. Grigoryan 2011 {published data only} Grigoryan S, Hazarapetyan LGC. Procoralan as a preventive treatment for paroxysmal atrial fibrillation. European Heart Journal 2011;32 Suppl 1:624. DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehr323
137. Gu 2012 {published data only} Gu J, Liu X, Tan H, Zhou L, Gu J, Jiang W, et al. Extensive antiarrhythmic drugs after catheter ablation of persistent atrial fibrillation. Acta Cardiologica 2012;67(4):407–14. PUBMED: 22997994]
138. ∗ Wong CK, White HD, Wilcox RG, Criger DA, Califf RM, Topol EJ, Ohman EM. Management and outcome of patients with atrial fibrillation during acute myocardial infarction: the GUSTO-III experience. Global use of strategies to open occluded coronary arteries. Heart 2002; 88(4):357–62. MEDLINE: PMID: 12231591; ISSN 1355–6037
139. {published data only} Hammill SC, Wood DL, Gersh BJ, Osborn MJ, Holmes DR Jr. Propafenone for paroxysmal atrial fibrillation. American Journal of Cardiology 1988;61(6):473–4. MEDLINE: PMID: 3341233; ISSN: 0002–9149
140. Härtel 1970 {published data only} Hartel G, Louhija A, Konttinen A, Halonen PI. Value of quinidine in maintenance of sinus rhythm after electric conversion of atrial fibrillation. British Heart Journal 1970;32(1):57–60. MEDLINE: PMID: 5417847; ISSN 0007–0769
141. Härtel G, Louhija A, Halonen PI. Investigations on the value of quinidine therapy after electrical rhythmization of atrial fibrillation [Untersuchungen über den Wert der Chinidinbehandlung nach elektrischer Rhythmisierung von Vorhofflimmern]. Die Medizinische Welt 1969; 20(25):1464. MEDLINE: not indexed; CENTRAL: CN–00247601
142. Härtel G, Louhija A, Halonen PI. The value of quinidine therapy in order to maintain sinus rhythm after electrical rhythmization of atrial fibrillation [Der Wert der Chinidinbehandlung für die Erhaltung des Sinusrhythmus nach elektrischer Rhythmisierung von Vorhofflimmern]. Klinische Wochenschrift 1969;47(17):942. MEDLINE: not indexed; CENTRAL: CN–00247602; ISSN: 0023–2173
143. {published data only} Hartel G, Louhija A, Konttinen A. Disopyramide in the prevention of recurrence of atrial fibrillation after electroconversion. Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics 1974;15(6):551–5. MEDLINE: PMID: 4601741; ISSN 0009–9236
144. Hopson 1996 {published data only} Hopson JR, Buxton AE, Rinkenberger RL, Nademanee K, Heilman JM, Kienzle MG. Safety and utility of flecainide acetate in the routine care of patients with supraventricular tachyarrhythmias: results of a multicenter trial. The Flecainide Supraventricular Tachycardia Study Group. American Journal of Cardiology 1996;77(3):72A–82A. MEDLINE: PMID: 8607395; ISSN 0002–9149
145. Horowitz 1985 {published data only} Horowitz LN, Spielman SR, Greenspan AM, Mintz GS, Morganroth J, Brown R, et al. Use of amiodarone in the treatment of persistent and paroxysmal atrial fibrillation resistant to quinidine therapy. Journal of the American College of Cardiology 1985;6(6):1402–7. MEDLINE: PMID: 4067122; ISSN: 0735–1097
146. {published data only} Opolski G, Torbicki A, Kosior D, Stolarz P, Dawidowska R, Zawadzka M, et al. Should sinus rhythm be restored in patients with chronic atrial fibrillation? Preliminary results from the Polish “Hot Cafe” study [Czy przywracac rytm zatokowy u chorych z przewleklym migotaniem przedsionkow? Wstepne wyniki polskiego badania “Hot Cafe”]. Polskie Archiwum Medycyny Wewnetrznej 1999; 101(5):413–8. MEDLINE: PMID: 10740421; ISSN: 0032–3772
147. Opolski G, Torbicki A, Kosior D, Szulc M, Zawadzka M, Pierscinska M, et al. Rhythm control versus rate control in patients with persistent atrial fibrillation. Results of the HOT CAFE Polish Study. Kardiologia Polska 2003;59(7): 1–16. MEDLINE: PMID: 14560344; ISSN 0022–9032
148. Opolski G, Torbicki A, Kosior DA, Szulc M, Wozakowska-Kaplon B, Kolodziej P, et al. Rate control vs rhythm control in patients with nonvalvular persistent atrial fibrillation: the results of the Polish How to Treat Chronic Atrial Fibrillation (HOT CAFE) Study. Chest 2004;126(2):476–86. MEDLINE: PMID: 15302734; ISSN: 0012–3692
149. Ishiguro H, Ikeda T, Abe A, Tsukada T, Mera H, Nakamura K, et al. Antiarrhythmic effect of bisoprolol, a highly selective beta1-blocker, in patients with paroxysmal atrial fibrillation. International Heart Journal 2008;49(3):281–93. PUBMED: 18612186]
150. {published data only} J-BAF Investigators, Yamashita T, Ogawa S, Sato T, Aizawa Y, Atarashi H, Fujiki A, et al. Dose-response effects of bepridil in patients with persistent atrial fibrillation monitored with transtelephonic electrocardiograms: a multicenter, randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind study (J-BAF Study). Circulation Journal 2009;73(6): 1020–7. PUBMED: PMID: 19359813]
151. Jong 2006 {published data only} Jong GP, Chang MH, Chang TC, Chou P, Fu CY, Tien LY, et al. Long-term efficacy and safety of very-low-dose amiodarone treatment for the maintenance of sinus rhythm in patients with chronic atrial fibrillation after successful direct-current cardioversion. Chinese Medical Journal (English) 2006;119(24):2030–5. PUBMED: PMID: 17199952]
152. {published data only} J-RHYTHM Investigators, Ogawa S, Yamashita T, Yamazaki T, Aizawa Y, Atarashi H, Inoue H, et al. Optimal treatment strategy for patients with paroxysmal atrial fibrillation: J-RHYTHM Study. Circulation Journal 2009; 73(2):242–8. PUBMED: PMID: 19060419]
153. Kanoupakis 2004 {published data only} Kanoupakis EM, Manios EG, Mavrakis HE, Tzerakis PG, Mouloudi HK, Vardas PE. Comparative effects of carvedilol and amiodarone on conversion and recurrence rates of persistent atrial fibrillation. American Journal of Cardiology 2004;94(5):659–62. MEDLINE: PMID: 15342304; ISSN: 0002–9149
154. Kennelly 1977 {published data only} Kennelly BM. Comparison of lidoflazine and quinidine in prophylactic treatment of arrhythmias. British Heart Journal 1977;39(5):540–6. MEDLINE: not indexed; CENTRAL: CN–00345795; ISSN: 0007–0769
155. Kerr CR, Klein GJ, Axelson JE, Cooper JC. Propafenone for prevention of recurrent atrial fibrillation. American Journal of Cardiology 1988;61(11):914–6. MEDLINE: PMID: 3354467; ISSN: 0002–9149
156. {published data only} Khitri AR, Aliot EM, Capucci A, Connolly SJ, Crijns H, Hohnloser SH, et al. Celivarone for maintenance of sinus rhythm and conversion of atrial fibrillation/flutter. Journal of Cardiovascular Electrophysiology 2012;23(5):462–72. DOI: 10.1111/j.1540-8167.2011.02234.x; PUBMED: 22171925
157. Komatsu 2006 {published data only} Komatsu T, Sato Y, Tachibana H, Nakamura M, Horiuchi D, Okumura K. Randomized crossover study of the long-term effects of pilsicainide and cibenzoline in preventing recurrence of symptomatic paroxysmal atrial fibrillation: influence of the duration of arrhythmia before therapy. Circulation Journal 2006;70(6):667–72. PUBMED: 16723785]
158. Kosior D, Karpinski G, Wretowski D, Stolarz P, Stawicki S, Rabczenko D, et al. Sequential prophylactic antiarrhythmic therapy for maintenance of sinus rhythm after cardioversion of persistent atrial fibrillation-one year follow-up. Kardiologia Polska 2002;56(4):361–7.
159. Kosior D, Opolski G, Torbicki A. Efficacy of sequential antiarrhythmic treatment in sinus rhythm maintenance after successful electrocardioversion in patients with chronic non-valvular atrial fibrillation. Medical Science Monitor 2001;7(1):68–73. MEDLINE: PMID: 11208496; ISSN 1234–1010
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