Changes in Prescription Routines for Treating Hypothyroidism between 2001 and 2015: An Observational Study of 929,684 Primary Care Patients in Copenhagen

Thyroid

Volumn 29, Issue 7, 2019, Pages 910-919

  Medici, Bjarke Borregaard ^a   Nygaard, Birte ^a   La Cour, Jeppe Lerche ^a   Grand, Mia Klinten ^b   Siersma, Volkert ^b   Nicolaisdottir, Dagny Ros ^b   Lind, Bent ^b   Olivarius, Niels De Fine ^b   Andersen, Christen Lykkegaard ^b,c,d  

^a GENTOFTE UNIVERSITY HOSPITAL   (Denmark)

^b UNIVERSITY OF COPENHAGEN   (Denmark)

^c ROSKILDE HOSPITAL   (Denmark)

^d Rigshospitalet   (Denmark)

Author keywords

diagnose; hypothyroidism; levothyroxine; screening; treatment threshold; TSH

Indexed keywords

LEVOTHYROXINE; THYROTROPIN; THYROXINE;

ADULT; AGED; ARTICLE; CONTROLLED STUDY; DENMARK; FEMALE; GENERAL PRACTICE; GENERAL PRACTITIONER; HUMAN; HYPOTHYROIDISM; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; MALE; OBSERVATIONAL STUDY; PRESCRIPTION; PRIMARY MEDICAL CARE; PRIORITY JOURNAL; RETROSPECTIVE STUDY; THYROTROPIN BLOOD LEVEL; BLOOD; CLINICAL PRACTICE; MIDDLE AGED; PRIMARY HEALTH CARE;

ADULT; AGED; DENMARK; FEMALE; HUMANS; HYPOTHYROIDISM; MALE; MIDDLE AGED; PRACTICE PATTERNS, PHYSICIANS'; PRIMARY HEALTH CARE; THYROTROPIN; THYROXINE;

EID: 85065874009     PISSN: 10507256     EISSN: 15579077     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1089/thy.2018.0539     Document Type: Article

References (34)

1. Wiersinga WM 2014 Paradigm shifts in thyroid hormone replacement therapies for hypothyroidism. Nat Rev Endocrinol 10:164-174.
2. Carle A, Pedersen IB, Knudsen N, Perrild H, Ovesen L, Laurberg P 2015 Gender differences in symptoms of hypothyroidism: a population-based DanThyr study. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 83:717-725.
3. Lazarus J, Brown RS, Daumerie C, Hubalewska-Dydejczyk A, Negro R, Vaidya B 2014 2014 European thyroid association guidelines for the management of subclinical hypothyroidism in pregnancy and in children. Eur Thyroid J 3:76-94.
4. Jonklaas J, Bianco AC, Bauer AJ, Burman KD, Cappola AR, Celi FS, Cooper DS, Kim BW, Peeters RP, Rosenthal MS, Sawka AM 2014 Guidelines for the treatment of hypothyroidism: prepared by the American Thyroid Association Task Force on Thyroid Hormone Replacement. Thyroid 24:1670-1751.
5. Pearce SH, Brabant G, Duntas LH, Monzani F, Peeters RP, Razvi S, Wemeau JL 2013 2013 ETA Guideline: management of subclinical hypothyroidism. Eur Thyroid J 2: 215-228.
6. Biondi B, Wartofsky L 2014 Treatment with thyroid hormone. Endocr Rev 35:433-512.
7. Stott DJ, Rodondi N, Kearney PM, Ford I, Westendorp RGJ, Mooijaart SP, Sattar N, Aubert CE, Aujesky D, Bauer DC, Baumgartner C, Blum MR, Browne JP, Byrne S, Collet TH, Dekkers OM, den Elzen WPJ, Du Puy RS, Ellis G, Feller M, Floriani C, Hendry K, Hurley C, Jukema JW, Kean S, Kelly M, Krebs D, Langhorne P, McCarthy G, McCarthy V, McConnachie A, McDade M, Messow M, O'Flynn A, O'Riordan D, Poortvliet RKE, Quinn TJ, Russell A, Sinnott C, Smit JWA, Van Dorland HA, Walsh KA, Walsh EK, Watt T, Wilson R, Gussekloo J, Group TS 2017 Thyroid hormone therapy for older adults with subclinical hypothyroidism. N Engl J Med 376:2534-2544.
8. Taylor PN, Iqbal A, Minassian C, Sayers A, Draman MS, Greenwood R, Hamilton W, Okosieme O, Panicker V, Thomas SL, Dayan C 2014 Falling threshold for treatment of borderline elevated thyrotropin levels-balancing benefits and risks: evidence from a large community-based study. JAMA Intern Med 174:32-39.
9. Cerqueira C, Knudsen N, Ovesen L, Laurberg P, Perrild H, Rasmussen LB, Jorgensen T 2011 Doubling in the use of thyroid hormone replacement therapy in Denmark: association to iodization of salt? Eur J Epidemiol 26:629-635.
10. Rodriguez-Gutierrez R, Maraka S, Ospina NS, Montori VM, Brito JP 2017 Levothyroxine overuse: time for an about face? Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol 5:246-248.
11. Canaris GJ SJ, Ridgway EC 1997 Do traditional symptoms of hypothyroidism correlate with biochemical disease? J Gen Intern Med 12:544-550.
12. Pedersen CB 2011 The Danish Civil Registration System. Scand J Public Health 39:22-25.
13. Lynge E, Sandegaard JL, Rebolj M 2011 The Danish National Patient Register. Scand J Public Health 39:30-33.
14. World Health Organization. International Classification of Diseases, 10th version. Available at: https://icd.who.int/browse10/2016/en (accessed May 2017).
15. Kildemoes HW SH, Hallas J 2011 The Danish National Prescription Registry. Scand J Public Health 7:38-41.
16. World Health Organization. Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical (ATC) Classification. Available at: www.who.int/medicines/regulation/medicines-safety/toolkit-atc/en/ (accessed February 1, 2018).
17. Liang K-Y 1986 Longitudinal data analysis using generalized linear models. Biometrika 73:13-22.
18. Bjergved L, Jorgensen T, Perrild H, Carle A, Cerqueira C, Krejbjerg A, Laurberg P, Ovesen L, Bulow Pedersen I, Banke RL, Knudsen N 2012 Predictors of change in serum TSH after iodine fortification: an 11-year follow-up to the DanThyr study. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 97:4022-4029.
19. Flynn RW, Bonellie SR, Jung RT, MacDonald TM, Morris AD, Leese GP 2010 Serum thyroid-stimulating hormone concentration and morbidity from cardiovascular disease and fractures in patients on long-term thyroxine therapy. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 95:186-193.
20. Abrahamsen B, Jorgensen HL, Laulund AS, Nybo M, Bauer DC, Brix TH, Hegedus L 2015 The excess risk of major osteoporotic fractures in hypothyroidism is driven by cumulative hyperthyroid as opposed to hypothyroid time: an observational register-based time-resolved cohort analysis. J Bone Miner Res 30:898-905.
21. Faber J, Galløe A 1994 Changes in bone mass during prolonged subclinical hyperthyroidism due to L-thyroxine treatment a meta-analysis. Eur J Endocrinol 130:350-356.
22. Hak AE, Huibert P, Visser TJ, Drexhage HA, Hofman A, Witteman JCM 2000 Subclinical hypothyroidism is an independent risk factor for atherosclerosis and myocardial infarction in elderly women: The Rotterdam Study. Ann Intern Med 132:270-278.
23. Selmer C, Olesen JB, Hansen ML, von Kappelgaard LM, Madsen JC, Hansen PR, Pedersen OD, Faber J, Torp-Pedersen C, Gislason GH 2014 Subclinical and overt thyroid dysfunction and risk of all-cause mortality and cardiovascular events: a large population study. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 99:2372-2382.
24. Rodondi N, den Elzen WP, Bauer DC, Cappola AR, Razvi S, Walsh JP, Asvold BO, Iervasi G, Imaizumi M, Collet TH, Bremner A, Maisonneuve P, Sgarbi JA, Khaw KT, Vanderpump MP, Newman AB, Cornuz J, Franklyn JA, Westendorp RG, Vittinghoff E, Gussekloo J; Thyroid Studies Collaboration 2010 Subclinical hypothyroidism and the risk of coronary heart disease and mortality. JAMA 304:1365-1374.
25. LeFevre ML, Force USPST 2015 Screening for thyroid dysfunction: U.S. Preventive Services Task Force recommendation statement. Ann Intern Med 162:641-650.
26. Rugge JB, Bougatsos C, Chou R 2015 Screening and treatment of thyroid dysfunction: an evidence review for the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force. Ann Intern Med 162:35-45.
27. Canaris GJ, Tape TG, Wigton RS 2013 Thyroid disease awareness is associated with high rates of identifying subjects with previously undiagnosed thyroid dysfunction. BMC Public Health 13:351.
28. Meyerovitch J, Rotman-Pikielny PSM 2007 Serum thyrotropin measurements in the community. Arch intern Med 167:1533-1538.
29. Cappola AR, Arnold AM, Wulczyn K, Carlson M, Robbins J, Psaty BM 2015 Thyroid function in the euthyroid range and adverse outcomes in older adults. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 100:1088-1096.
30. Hegedus L, Hansen JM, Veiergang D, Karstrup S 1987 Does prophylactic thyroxine treatment after operation for non-toxic goitre influence thyroid size. BMJ 294:801-803.
31. Wesche MFT TM, Lips P, Smits NJ; Wiersinga WM 2001 A randomized trial comparing levothyroxine with radioactive iodine in the treatment of sporadic nontoxic goiter. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 86:998-1005.
32. Surks MI, Goswami G, Daniels GH 2005 The thyrotropin reference range should remain unchanged. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 90:5489-5496.
33. Wartofsky L, Dickey RA 2005 The evidence for a narrower thyrotropin reference range is compelling. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 90:5483-5488.
34. Diez JJ, Iglesias P 2004 Spontaneous subclinical hypothyroidism in patients older than 55 years: an analysis of natural course and risk factors for the development of overt thyroid failure. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 89:4890-4897.