메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 49, Issue 7, 2019, Pages e122-e131

State of the art: Evaluation and prognostication of myocarditis using cardiac MRI

Author keywords

cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging; Lake Louise Criteria; myocarditis; parametric mapping; T1 mapping

Indexed keywords

BETA ADRENERGIC RECEPTOR BLOCKING AGENT; DIPEPTIDYL CARBOXYPEPTIDASE INHIBITOR;

EID: 85060010442     PISSN: 10531807     EISSN: 15222586     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1002/jmri.26611     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (50)

References (60)
  • 3
    • 0034057276 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Long-term outcome of fulminant myocarditis as compared with acute (nonfulminant) myocarditis
    • McCarthy RE, Boehmer JP, Hruban RH, et al. Long-term outcome of fulminant myocarditis as compared with acute (nonfulminant) myocarditis. N Engl J Med 2000;342:690–695.
    • (2000) N Engl J Med , vol.342 , pp. 690-695
    • McCarthy, R.E.1    Boehmer, J.P.2    Hruban, R.H.3
  • 4
    • 0029024004 scopus 로고
    • A clinical trial of immunosuppressive therapy for myocarditis. The Myocarditis Treatment Trial Investigators
    • Mason JW, O'Connell JB, Herskowitz A, et al. A clinical trial of immunosuppressive therapy for myocarditis. The Myocarditis Treatment Trial Investigators. N Engl J Med 1995;333:269–275.
    • (1995) N Engl J Med , vol.333 , pp. 269-275
    • Mason, J.W.1    O'Connell, J.B.2    Herskowitz, A.3
  • 6
    • 0004353754 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Myocarditis as a cause of sudden death
    • author reply e12
    • Fontaine G, Fornes P, Fontaliran F. Myocarditis as a cause of sudden death. Circulation 2001;103:e12; author reply e12.
    • (2001) Circulation , vol.103
    • Fontaine, G.1    Fornes, P.2    Fontaliran, F.3
  • 7
    • 34548188070 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Images in cardiovascular medicine. Myocarditis and sudden cardiac death in the young: Extensive fibrosis suggested by cardiovascular magnetic resonance in vivo and confirmed post mortem
    • Babu-Narayan SV, McCarthy KP, Ho SY, Magee AG, Kilner PJ, Sheppard MN. Images in cardiovascular medicine. Myocarditis and sudden cardiac death in the young: Extensive fibrosis suggested by cardiovascular magnetic resonance in vivo and confirmed post mortem. Circulation 2007;116:e122–125.
    • (2007) Circulation , vol.116 , pp. 122-125
    • Babu-Narayan, S.V.1    McCarthy, K.P.2    Ho, S.Y.3    Magee, A.G.4    Kilner, P.J.5    Sheppard, M.N.6
  • 8
    • 0033179605 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Incidence of three presentations of acute myocarditis in young men in military service. A 20-year experience
    • Karjalainen J, Heikkilä J. Incidence of three presentations of acute myocarditis in young men in military service. A 20-year experience. Eur Heart J 1999;20:1120–1125.
    • (1999) Eur Heart J , vol.20 , pp. 1120-1125
    • Karjalainen, J.1    Heikkilä, J.2
  • 10
    • 0034643399 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Underlying causes and long-term survival in patients with initially unexplained cardiomyopathy
    • Felker GM, Thompson RE, Hare JM, et al. Underlying causes and long-term survival in patients with initially unexplained cardiomyopathy. N Engl J Med 2000;342:1077–1084.
    • (2000) N Engl J Med , vol.342 , pp. 1077-1084
    • Felker, G.M.1    Thompson, R.E.2    Hare, J.M.3
  • 11
    • 85043996832 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Predictors of adverse outcome in patients with myocardial infarction with non-obstructive coronary artery (MINOCA) disease
    • Nordenskjöld AM, Baron T, Eggers KM, Jernberg T, Lindahl B. Predictors of adverse outcome in patients with myocardial infarction with non-obstructive coronary artery (MINOCA) disease. Int J Cardiol 2018;261:18–23.
    • (2018) Int J Cardiol , vol.261 , pp. 18-23
    • Nordenskjöld, A.M.1    Baron, T.2    Eggers, K.M.3    Jernberg, T.4    Lindahl, B.5
  • 12
    • 85048715089 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Approximation of the incidence of myocarditis by systematic screening with cardiac magnetic resonance imaging
    • [Epub ahead of print]
    • Patriki D, Gresser E, Manka R, Emmert MY, Lüscher TF, Heidecker B. Approximation of the incidence of myocarditis by systematic screening with cardiac magnetic resonance imaging. JACC Heart Fail 2018 [Epub ahead of print].
    • (2018) JACC Heart Fail
    • Patriki, D.1    Gresser, E.2    Manka, R.3    Emmert, M.Y.4    Lüscher, T.F.5    Heidecker, B.6
  • 13
    • 84883746417 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Current state of knowledge on aetiology, diagnosis, management, and therapy of myocarditis: A position statement of the European Society of Cardiology Working Group on Myocardial and Pericardial Diseases
    • 2648a–2648d
    • Caforio AL, Pankuweit S, Arbustini E, et al. Current state of knowledge on aetiology, diagnosis, management, and therapy of myocarditis: A position statement of the European Society of Cardiology Working Group on Myocardial and Pericardial Diseases. Eur Heart J 2013;34:2636–2648; 2648a–2648d.
    • (2013) Eur Heart J , vol.34 , pp. 2636-2648
    • Caforio, A.L.1    Pankuweit, S.2    Arbustini, E.3
  • 14
    • 0037024229 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Celiac disease associated with autoimmune myocarditis
    • Frustaci A, Cuoco L, Chimenti C, et al. Celiac disease associated with autoimmune myocarditis. Circulation 2002;105:2611–2618.
    • (2002) Circulation , vol.105 , pp. 2611-2618
    • Frustaci, A.1    Cuoco, L.2    Chimenti, C.3
  • 15
    • 84992530940 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Giant cell myocarditis: Still a conundrum. The need for a worldwide registry
    • Noutsias M, Tschope C. Giant cell myocarditis: Still a conundrum. The need for a worldwide registry. Eur J Heart Fail 2016;18:1459–1461.
    • (2016) Eur J Heart Fail , vol.18 , pp. 1459-1461
    • Noutsias, M.1    Tschope, C.2
  • 16
    • 64349106997 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Myocarditis
    • Cooper LT Jr. Myocarditis. N Engl J Med 2009;360:1526–1538.
    • (2009) N Engl J Med , vol.360 , pp. 1526-1538
    • Cooper, L.T.1
  • 17
    • 0035964382 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Advances in the understanding of myocarditis
    • Liu PP, Mason JW. Advances in the understanding of myocarditis. Circulation 2001;104:1076–1082.
    • (2001) Circulation , vol.104 , pp. 1076-1082
    • Liu, P.P.1    Mason, J.W.2
  • 18
    • 84966341162 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Myocardial T1 maps reflect histological findings in acute and chronic stages of myocarditis in a rat model
    • Jeuthe S, Wassilew K, O H-ici D, et al. Myocardial T1 maps reflect histological findings in acute and chronic stages of myocarditis in a rat model. J Cardiovasc Magn Reson 2016;18:19.
    • (2016) J Cardiovasc Magn Reson , vol.18 , pp. 19
    • Jeuthe, S.1    Wassilew, K.2    O H-ici, D.3
  • 20
    • 0033578663 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Susceptibility to myocarditis is dependent on the response of αβ T lymphocytes to coxsackieviral infection
    • Opavsky MA, Penninger J, Aitken K, et al. Susceptibility to myocarditis is dependent on the response of αβ T lymphocytes to coxsackieviral infection. Circ Res 1999;85:551–558.
    • (1999) Circ Res , vol.85 , pp. 551-558
    • Opavsky, M.A.1    Penninger, J.2    Aitken, K.3
  • 22
    • 0033514987 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • From myocarditis to cardiomyopathy: Mechanisms of inflammation and cell death
    • Kawai C. From myocarditis to cardiomyopathy: Mechanisms of inflammation and cell death. Circulation. 1999;99:1091–1100.
    • (1999) Circulation , vol.99 , pp. 1091-1100
    • Kawai, C.1
  • 23
    • 78650972432 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cellular and molecular pathways to myocardial necrosis and replacement fibrosis
    • Gandhi MS, Kamalov G, Shahbaz AU, et al. Cellular and molecular pathways to myocardial necrosis and replacement fibrosis. Heart Fail Rev 2011;16:23–34.
    • (2011) Heart Fail Rev , vol.16 , pp. 23-34
    • Gandhi, M.S.1    Kamalov, G.2    Shahbaz, A.U.3
  • 24
    • 55449102012 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Complication rate of right ventricular endomyocardial biopsy via the femoral approach: A retrospective and prospective study analyzing 3048 diagnostic procedures over an 11-year period
    • Holzmann M, Nicko A, Kuhl U, et al. Complication rate of right ventricular endomyocardial biopsy via the femoral approach: A retrospective and prospective study analyzing 3048 diagnostic procedures over an 11-year period. Circulation 2008;118:1722–1728.
    • (2008) Circulation , vol.118 , pp. 1722-1728
    • Holzmann, M.1    Nicko, A.2    Kuhl, U.3
  • 25
    • 0024849359 scopus 로고
    • Evaluation of postmortem endomyocardial biopsy specimens from 38 patients with lymphocytic myocarditis: Implications for role of sampling error
    • Hauck AJ, Kearney DL, Edwards WD. Evaluation of postmortem endomyocardial biopsy specimens from 38 patients with lymphocytic myocarditis: Implications for role of sampling error. Mayo Clin Proc 1989;64:1235–1245.
    • (1989) Mayo Clin Proc , vol.64 , pp. 1235-1245
    • Hauck, A.J.1    Kearney, D.L.2    Edwards, W.D.3
  • 26
    • 33644861060 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Diagnosis of myocarditis: Death of Dallas criteria
    • Baughman KL. Diagnosis of myocarditis: Death of Dallas criteria. Circulation 2006;113:593–595.
    • (2006) Circulation , vol.113 , pp. 593-595
    • Baughman, K.L.1
  • 27
    • 0033831464 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Myocarditis mimicking acute myocardial infarction: Role of endomyocardial biopsy in the differential diagnosis
    • Angelini A, Calzolari V, Calabrese F, et al. Myocarditis mimicking acute myocardial infarction: Role of endomyocardial biopsy in the differential diagnosis. Heart 2000;84:245–250.
    • (2000) Heart , vol.84 , pp. 245-250
    • Angelini, A.1    Calzolari, V.2    Calabrese, F.3
  • 28
    • 84962129565 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prognostic value of the infarct- and non-infarct like patterns and cardiovascular magnetic resonance parameters on long-term outcome of patients after acute myocarditis
    • Chopra H, Arangalage D, Bouleti C, et al. Prognostic value of the infarct- and non-infarct like patterns and cardiovascular magnetic resonance parameters on long-term outcome of patients after acute myocarditis. Int J Cardiol 2016;212:63–69.
    • (2016) Int J Cardiol , vol.212 , pp. 63-69
    • Chopra, H.1    Arangalage, D.2    Bouleti, C.3
  • 29
    • 84975126878 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Relationship between T-wave inversion and transmural myocardial edema as evidenced by cardiac magnetic resonance in patients with clinically suspected acute myocarditis: Clinical and prognostic implications
    • De Lazzari M, Zorzi A, Baritussio A, et al. Relationship between T-wave inversion and transmural myocardial edema as evidenced by cardiac magnetic resonance in patients with clinically suspected acute myocarditis: Clinical and prognostic implications. J Electrocardiol 2016;49:587–595.
    • (2016) J Electrocardiol , vol.49 , pp. 587-595
    • De Lazzari, M.1    Zorzi, A.2    Baritussio, A.3
  • 30
    • 64649106481 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cardiovascular magnetic resonance in myocarditis: A JACC White Paper
    • Friedrich MG, Sechtem U, Schulz-Menger J, et al. Cardiovascular magnetic resonance in myocarditis: A JACC White Paper. J Am Coll Cardiol 2009;53:1475–1487.
    • (2009) J Am Coll Cardiol , vol.53 , pp. 1475-1487
    • Friedrich, M.G.1    Sechtem, U.2    Schulz-Menger, J.3
  • 32
    • 79952804179 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cardiovascular magnetic resonance physics for clinicians: Part I
    • Ridgway JP. Cardiovascular magnetic resonance physics for clinicians: Part I. J Cardiovasc Magn Reson 2010;12:71.
    • (2010) J Cardiovasc Magn Reson , vol.12 , pp. 71
    • Ridgway, J.P.1
  • 34
    • 79952777530 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Shortened Modified Look-Locker Inversion recovery (ShMOLLI) for clinical myocardial T1-mapping at 1.5 and 3 T within a 9 heartbeat breathhold
    • Piechnik SK, Ferreira VM, Dall'Armellina E, et al. Shortened Modified Look-Locker Inversion recovery (ShMOLLI) for clinical myocardial T1-mapping at 1.5 and 3 T within a 9 heartbeat breathhold. J Cardiovasc Magn Reson 2010;12:69.
    • (2010) J Cardiovasc Magn Reson , vol.12 , pp. 69
    • Piechnik, S.K.1    Ferreira, V.M.2    Dall'Armellina, E.3
  • 35
    • 84937569091 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • T1 mapping in myocarditis—Headway to a new era for cardiovascular magnetic resonance
    • Hinojar R, Nagel E, Puntmann VO. T1 mapping in myocarditis—Headway to a new era for cardiovascular magnetic resonance. Expert Rev Cardiovasc Ther 2015;13:871–874.
    • (2015) Expert Rev Cardiovasc Ther , vol.13 , pp. 871-874
    • Hinojar, R.1    Nagel, E.2    Puntmann, V.O.3
  • 36
    • 84963669739 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comprehensive cardiac magnetic resonance imaging in patients with suspected myocarditis: The MyoRacer-Trial
    • Lurz P, Luecke C, Eitel I, et al. Comprehensive cardiac magnetic resonance imaging in patients with suspected myocarditis: The MyoRacer-Trial. J Am Coll Cardiol 2016;67:1800–1811.
    • (2016) J Am Coll Cardiol , vol.67 , pp. 1800-1811
    • Lurz, P.1    Luecke, C.2    Eitel, I.3
  • 37
    • 84978063365 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • T1 and T2 mapping cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging techniques reveal unapparent myocardial injury in patients with myocarditis
    • Radunski UK, Lund GK, Saring D, et al. T1 and T2 mapping cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging techniques reveal unapparent myocardial injury in patients with myocarditis. Clin Res Cardiol 2017;106:10–17.
    • (2017) Clin Res Cardiol , vol.106 , pp. 10-17
    • Radunski, U.K.1    Lund, G.K.2    Saring, D.3
  • 38
    • 84880031275 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Advances in parametric mapping with CMR imaging
    • Salerno M, Kramer CM. Advances in parametric mapping with CMR imaging. JACC Cardiovasc Imaging 2013;6:806–822.
    • (2013) JACC Cardiovasc Imaging , vol.6 , pp. 806-822
    • Salerno, M.1    Kramer, C.M.2
  • 39
    • 84886071068 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • T(1) mapping for the diagnosis of acute myocarditis using CMR: Comparison to T2-weighted and late gadolinium enhanced imaging
    • Ferreira VM, Piechnik SK, Dall'Armellina E, et al. T(1) mapping for the diagnosis of acute myocarditis using CMR: Comparison to T2-weighted and late gadolinium enhanced imaging. JACC Cardiovasc Imaging 2013;6:1048–1058.
    • (2013) JACC Cardiovasc Imaging , vol.6 , pp. 1048-1058
    • Ferreira, V.M.1    Piechnik, S.K.2    Dall'Armellina, E.3
  • 41
    • 84910068870 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Acute myocarditis: Multiparametric cardiac MR imaging
    • Luetkens JA, Doerner J, Thomas DK, et al. Acute myocarditis: Multiparametric cardiac MR imaging. Radiology 2014;273:383–392.
    • (2014) Radiology , vol.273 , pp. 383-392
    • Luetkens, J.A.1    Doerner, J.2    Thomas, D.K.3
  • 42
    • 84872918244 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Auto-threshold quantification of late gadolinium enhancement in patients with acute heart disease
    • Vermes E, Childs H, Carbone I, Barckow P, Friedrich MG. Auto-threshold quantification of late gadolinium enhancement in patients with acute heart disease. J Magn Reson Imaging 2013;37:382–390.
    • (2013) J Magn Reson Imaging , vol.37 , pp. 382-390
    • Vermes, E.1    Childs, H.2    Carbone, I.3    Barckow, P.4    Friedrich, M.G.5
  • 43
    • 2942716986 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cardiovascular magnetic resonance assessment of human myocarditis: A comparison to histology and molecular pathology
    • Mahrholdt H, Goedecke C, Wagner A, et al. Cardiovascular magnetic resonance assessment of human myocarditis: A comparison to histology and molecular pathology. Circulation 2004;109:1250–1258.
    • (2004) Circulation , vol.109 , pp. 1250-1258
    • Mahrholdt, H.1    Goedecke, C.2    Wagner, A.3
  • 44
    • 84901287853 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The potential additional diagnostic value of assessing for pericardial effusion on cardiac magnetic resonance imaging in patients with suspected myocarditis
    • Lurz P, Eitel I, Klieme B, et al. The potential additional diagnostic value of assessing for pericardial effusion on cardiac magnetic resonance imaging in patients with suspected myocarditis. Eur Heart J Cardiovasc Imaging 2014;15:643–650.
    • (2014) Eur Heart J Cardiovasc Imaging , vol.15 , pp. 643-650
    • Lurz, P.1    Eitel, I.2    Klieme, B.3
  • 45
    • 84904575824 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • CMR in patients with severe myocarditis: Diagnostic value of quantitative tissue markers including extracellular volume imaging
    • Radunski UK, Lund GK, Stehning C, et al. CMR in patients with severe myocarditis: Diagnostic value of quantitative tissue markers including extracellular volume imaging. JACC Cardiovasc Imaging 2014;7:667–675.
    • (2014) JACC Cardiovasc Imaging , vol.7 , pp. 667-675
    • Radunski, U.K.1    Lund, G.K.2    Stehning, C.3
  • 46
    • 84902086906 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Native T1-mapping detects the location, extent and patterns of acute myocarditis without the need for gadolinium contrast agents
    • Ferreira VM, Piechnik SK, Dall'Armellina E, et al. Native T1-mapping detects the location, extent and patterns of acute myocarditis without the need for gadolinium contrast agents. J Cardiovasc Magn Reson 2014;16:36.
    • (2014) J Cardiovasc Magn Reson , vol.16 , pp. 36
    • Ferreira, V.M.1    Piechnik, S.K.2    Dall'Armellina, E.3
  • 47
    • 85031043505 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Clinical recommendations for cardiovascular magnetic resonance mapping of T1, T2, T2* and extracellular volume: A consensus statement by the Society for Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance (SCMR) endorsed by the European Association for Cardiovascular Imaging (EACVI)
    • Messroghli DR, Moon JC, Ferreira VM, et al. Clinical recommendations for cardiovascular magnetic resonance mapping of T1, T2, T2* and extracellular volume: A consensus statement by the Society for Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance (SCMR) endorsed by the European Association for Cardiovascular Imaging (EACVI). J Cardiovasc Magn Reson 2017;19:75.
    • (2017) J Cardiovasc Magn Reson , vol.19 , pp. 75
    • Messroghli, D.R.1    Moon, J.C.2    Ferreira, V.M.3
  • 48
    • 85060023236 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cardiovascular magnetic resonance for myocardial inflammation
    • Friedrich MG. Cardiovascular magnetic resonance for myocardial inflammation. Circ Cardiovasc Imaging 2018;11:e008010.
    • (2018) Circ Cardiovasc Imaging , vol.11
    • Friedrich, M.G.1
  • 49
    • 84978832052 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Incremental value of quantitative CMR including parametric mapping for the diagnosis of acute myocarditis
    • Luetkens JA, Homsi R, Sprinkart AM, et al. Incremental value of quantitative CMR including parametric mapping for the diagnosis of acute myocarditis. Eur Heart J Cardiovasc Imaging 2016;17:154–161.
    • (2016) Eur Heart J Cardiovasc Imaging , vol.17 , pp. 154-161
    • Luetkens, J.A.1    Homsi, R.2    Sprinkart, A.M.3
  • 50
    • 85016405845 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comprehensive cardiac magnetic resonance for short-term follow-up in acute myocarditis
    • Luetkens JA, Homsi R, Dabir D, et al. Comprehensive cardiac magnetic resonance for short-term follow-up in acute myocarditis. J Am Heart Assoc 2016;5.
    • (2016) J Am Heart Assoc , vol.5
    • Luetkens, J.A.1    Homsi, R.2    Dabir, D.3
  • 51
    • 84937603925 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Performance of T1 and T2 mapping cardiovascular magnetic resonance to detect active myocarditis in patients with recent-onset heart failure clinical perspective
    • Bohnen S, Radunski UK, Lund GK, et al. Performance of T1 and T2 mapping cardiovascular magnetic resonance to detect active myocarditis in patients with recent-onset heart failure clinical perspective. Circ Cardiovasc Imaging 2015;8.
    • (2015) Circ Cardiovasc Imaging , vol.8
    • Bohnen, S.1    Radunski, U.K.2    Lund, G.K.3
  • 52
    • 84861122683 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Diagnostic performance of CMR imaging compared with EMB in patients with suspected myocarditis
    • Lurz P, Eitel I, Adam J, et al. Diagnostic performance of CMR imaging compared with EMB in patients with suspected myocarditis. JACC Cardiovasc Imaging 2012;5:513–524.
    • (2012) JACC Cardiovasc Imaging , vol.5 , pp. 513-524
    • Lurz, P.1    Eitel, I.2    Adam, J.3
  • 53
    • 85025677263 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The value of a new cardiac magnetic resonance imaging protocol in Myocardial Infarction with Non-obstructive Coronary Arteries (MINOCA)—A case-control study using historical controls from a previous study with similar inclusion criteria
    • Tornvall P, Brolin EB, Caidahl K, et al. The value of a new cardiac magnetic resonance imaging protocol in Myocardial Infarction with Non-obstructive Coronary Arteries (MINOCA)—A case-control study using historical controls from a previous study with similar inclusion criteria. BMC Cardiovasc Disord 2017;17:199.
    • (2017) BMC Cardiovasc Disord , vol.17 , pp. 199
    • Tornvall, P.1    Brolin, E.B.2    Caidahl, K.3
  • 54
    • 84995768054 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Troponin-positive chest pain with unobstructed coronary arteries: Incremental diagnostic value of cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging
    • Pathik B, Raman B, Mohd Amin NH, et al. Troponin-positive chest pain with unobstructed coronary arteries: Incremental diagnostic value of cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging. Eur Heart J Cardiovasc Imaging 2016;17:1146–1152.
    • (2016) Eur Heart J Cardiovasc Imaging , vol.17 , pp. 1146-1152
    • Pathik, B.1    Raman, B.2    Mohd Amin, N.H.3
  • 55
    • 34548346480 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A prospective study of biopsy-proven myocarditis: Prognostic relevance of clinical and aetiopathogenetic features at diagnosis
    • Caforio AL, Calabrese F, Angelini A, et al. A prospective study of biopsy-proven myocarditis: Prognostic relevance of clinical and aetiopathogenetic features at diagnosis. Eur Heart J 2007;28:1326–1333.
    • (2007) Eur Heart J , vol.28 , pp. 1326-1333
    • Caforio, A.L.1    Calabrese, F.2    Angelini, A.3
  • 56
    • 1542284678 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Long-term follow-up of patients paragraph sign with acute myocarditis by magnetic paragraph sign resonance imaging
    • Wagner A, Schulz-Menger J, Dietz R, Friedrich MG. Long-term follow-up of patients paragraph sign with acute myocarditis by magnetic paragraph sign resonance imaging. MAGMA 2003;16:17–20.
    • (2003) MAGMA , vol.16 , pp. 17-20
    • Wagner, A.1    Schulz-Menger, J.2    Dietz, R.3    Friedrich, M.G.4
  • 57
    • 84860305159 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Long-term follow-up of biopsy-proven viral myocarditis: Predictors of mortality and incomplete recovery
    • Grun S, Schumm J, Greulich S, et al. Long-term follow-up of biopsy-proven viral myocarditis: Predictors of mortality and incomplete recovery. J Am Coll Cardiol 2012;59:1604–1615.
    • (2012) J Am Coll Cardiol , vol.59 , pp. 1604-1615
    • Grun, S.1    Schumm, J.2    Greulich, S.3
  • 58
    • 50349094756 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Predictors of outcome in patients with suspected myocarditis
    • Kindermann I, Kindermann M, Kandolf R, et al. Predictors of outcome in patients with suspected myocarditis. Circulation 2008;118:639–648.
    • (2008) Circulation , vol.118 , pp. 639-648
    • Kindermann, I.1    Kindermann, M.2    Kandolf, R.3
  • 59
    • 85031733736 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prognostic value of cardiac magnetic resonance tissue characterization in risk stratifying patients with suspected myocarditis
    • Grani C, Eichhorn C, Biere L, et al. Prognostic value of cardiac magnetic resonance tissue characterization in risk stratifying patients with suspected myocarditis. J Am Coll Cardiol 2017;70:1964–1976.
    • (2017) J Am Coll Cardiol , vol.70 , pp. 1964-1976
    • Grani, C.1    Eichhorn, C.2    Biere, L.3
  • 60
    • 85031719512 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cardiac MR with late gadolinium enhancement in acute myocarditis with preserved systolic function: ITAMY study
    • Aquaro GD, Perfetti M, Camastra G, et al. Cardiac MR with late gadolinium enhancement in acute myocarditis with preserved systolic function: ITAMY study. J Am Coll Cardiol 2017;70:1977–1987.
    • (2017) J Am Coll Cardiol , vol.70 , pp. 1977-1987
    • Aquaro, G.D.1    Perfetti, M.2    Camastra, G.3


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.