메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn , Issue , 2017, Pages 1-398

Cluster randomised trials, second edition

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords


EID: 85053088619     PISSN: None     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book    
DOI: 10.4324/9781315370286     Document Type: Book
Times cited : (304)

References (149)
  • 1
    • 13244283045 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Semiparametric difference-in-differences estimators
    • Abadie, A. 2005. Semiparametric difference-in-differences estimators. Review of Economic Studies 72: 1-19.
    • (2005) Review of Economic Studies , vol.72 , pp. 1-19
    • Abadie, A.1
  • 2
    • 5644283285 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Patterns of intra-cluster correlation from primary care research to inform study design and analysis
    • Adams, G., M. C. Gulliford, O. C. Okoumunne, et al. 2004. Patterns of intra-cluster correlation from primary care research to inform study design and analysis. Journal of Clinical Epidemiology 57: 785-94.
    • (2004) Journal of Clinical Epidemiology , vol.57 , pp. 785-794
    • Adams, G.1    Gulliford, M.C.2    Okoumunne, O.C.3
  • 4
    • 67651253139 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of the integrated management of childhood illness strategy on childhood mortality and nutrition in a rural area in Bangladesh: A cluster randomised trial
    • Arifeen, S. E., D. M. Hoque, T. Akter, et al. 2009. Effect of the integrated management of childhood illness strategy on childhood mortality and nutrition in a rural area in Bangladesh: A cluster randomised trial. Lancet 374: 393-403.
    • (2009) Lancet , vol.374 , pp. 393-403
    • Arifeen, S.E.1    Hoque, D.M.2    Akter, T.3
  • 5
    • 84884560932 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cluster-randomised controlled trials of individual and combined water, sanitation, hygiene and nutritional interventions in rural Bangladesh and Kenya: The WASH benefits study design and rationale
    • Arnold, B. F., C. Null, S. P. Lubz, et al. 2013. Cluster-randomised controlled trials of individual and combined water, sanitation, hygiene and nutritional interventions in rural Bangladesh and Kenya: The WASH benefits study design and rationale. BMJ Open 3: e003476.
    • (2013) BMJ Open , vol.3 , pp. e003476
    • Arnold, B.F.1    Null, C.2    Lubz, S.P.3
  • 6
    • 28444460441 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Randomized, controlled intervention trial of male circumcision for reduction of HIV infection risk: The ANRS 1265 trial
    • Auvert, B., D. Taljaard, E. Lagarde, et al. 2005. Randomized, controlled intervention trial of male circumcision for reduction of HIV infection risk: The ANRS 1265 trial. PLoS Medicine 2 (11): e298.
    • (2005) PLoS Medicine , vol.2 , Issue.11 , pp. e298
    • Auvert, B.1    Taljaard, D.2    Lagarde, E.3
  • 7
    • 84884974353 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of household and community interventions on the burden of tuberculosis in southern Africa: The ZAMSTAR community-randomised trial
    • Ayles, H. M., M. Muyoyeta, E. Du Toit, et al. 2013. Effect of household and community interventions on the burden of tuberculosis in southern Africa: The ZAMSTAR community-randomised trial. Lancet 382: 1183-94.
    • (2013) Lancet , vol.382 , pp. 1183-1194
    • Ayles, H.M.1    Muyoyeta, M.2    Du Toit, E.3
  • 8
    • 56849084065 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • ZAMSTAR, the Zambia South Africa TB and HIV reduction study: Design of a 2x2 factorial community randomized trial
    • Ayles, H. M., C. Sismanidis, N. Beyers, et al. 2008. ZAMSTAR, the Zambia South Africa TB and HIV reduction study: Design of a 2x2 factorial community randomized trial. Trials 9: 63.
    • (2008) Trials , vol.9 , pp. 63
    • Ayles, H.M.1    Sismanidis, C.2    Beyers, N.3
  • 11
    • 84939425277 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sample size calculation for a stepped wedge trial
    • Baio, G., A. Copas, G. Ambler, et al. 2015. Sample size calculation for a stepped wedge trial. Trials 16: 354.
    • (2015) Trials , vol.16 , pp. 354
    • Baio, G.1    Copas, A.2    Ambler, G.3
  • 12
    • 81555199958 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Community case management of severe pneumonia with oral amoxicillin in children aged 2-59 months in Haripur district, Pakistan: A cluster randomised trial
    • Bari, A., S. Sadruddin, A. Khan, et al. 2011. Community case management of severe pneumonia with oral amoxicillin in children aged 2-59 months in Haripur district, Pakistan: A cluster randomised trial. Lancet 378: 1796-803.
    • (2011) Lancet , vol.378 , pp. 1796-1803
    • Bari, A.1    Sadruddin, S.2    Khan, A.3
  • 13
    • 9444255722 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Improving the quality of reporting of randomized controlled trials. The CONSORT statement
    • Begg, C., M. Cho, S. Eastwood, et al. 1996. Improving the quality of reporting of randomized controlled trials. The CONSORT statement. Journal of the American Medical Association 276: 637-39.
    • (1996) Journal of the American Medical Association , vol.276 , pp. 637-639
    • Begg, C.1    Cho, M.2    Eastwood, S.3
  • 16
    • 0028887994 scopus 로고
    • Adaptive assignment versus balanced randomization in clinical trials: A decision analysis
    • Berry, D. A., and S. G. Eick. 1995. Adaptive assignment versus balanced randomization in clinical trials: A decision analysis. Statistics in Medicine 14: 231-46.
    • (1995) Statistics in Medicine , vol.14 , pp. 231-246
    • Berry, D.A.1    Eick, S.G.2
  • 17
    • 0029669891 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Impact of permethrin impregnated bednets on child mortality in Kassena-Nankana district, Ghana: A randomized controlled trial
    • Binka, F. N., A. Kubaje, M. Adjuik, et al. 1996. Impact of permethrin impregnated bednets on child mortality in Kassena-Nankana district, Ghana: A randomized controlled trial. Tropical Medicine and International Health 1: 147-54.
    • (1996) Tropical Medicine and International Health , vol.1 , pp. 147-154
    • Binka, F.N.1    Kubaje, A.2    Adjuik, M.3
  • 19
    • 28244501251 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pseudo cluster randomization: A treatment allocation method to minimize contamination and selection bias
    • Borm, G. F., R. J. F. Melis, S. Teerenstra, and P. G. Peer. 2005. Pseudo cluster randomization: A treatment allocation method to minimize contamination and selection bias. Statistics in Medicine 24: 3535-47.
    • (2005) Statistics in Medicine , vol.24 , pp. 3535-3547
    • Borm, G.F.1    Melis, R.J.F.2    Teerenstra, S.3    Peer, P.G.4
  • 20
    • 1842453957 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Subgroup analyses in randomized trials: Risks of subgroup-specific analyses; power and sample size for the interaction test
    • Brookes, S. T., E. Whitely, M. Egger, et al. 2004. Subgroup analyses in randomized trials: Risks of subgroup-specific analyses; power and sample size for the interaction test. Journal of Clinical Epidemiology 57: 229-36.
    • (2004) Journal of Clinical Epidemiology , vol.57 , pp. 229-236
    • Brookes, S.T.1    Whitely, E.2    Egger, M.3
  • 22
    • 78049298073 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • In pursuit of balance: Randomization in practice in development field experiments
    • Bruhn, M. and D. McKenzie. 2009. In pursuit of balance: Randomization in practice in development field experiments. American Economic Journal: Applied Economics 1: 200-32.
    • (2009) American Economic Journal: Applied Economics , vol.1 , pp. 200-232
    • Bruhn, M.1    McKenzie, D.2
  • 23
  • 26
    • 39849088869 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A simple approach to test for interaction between intervention and an individual-level variable in community randomized trials
    • Cheung, Y. B., D. Jeffries, A. Thomson, and P. Milligan. 2008. A simple approach to test for interaction between intervention and an individual-level variable in community randomized trials. Tropical Medicine and International Health 13: 247-55.
    • (2008) Tropical Medicine and International Health , vol.13 , pp. 247-255
    • Cheung, Y.B.1    Jeffries, D.2    Thomson, A.3    Milligan, P.4
  • 27
    • 0028955553 scopus 로고
    • Community Intervention Trial for Smoking Cessation (COMMIT): I. Cohort results from a four-year community intervention
    • COMMIT Research Group. 1995a. Community Intervention Trial for Smoking Cessation (COMMIT): I. Cohort results from a four-year community intervention. American Journal of Public Health 85: 183-92.
    • (1995) American Journal of Public Health , vol.85 , pp. 183-192
  • 28
    • 0028942038 scopus 로고
    • Community Intervention Trial for Smoking Cessation (COMMIT): II. Changes in adult cigarette smoking prevalence
    • COMMIT Research Group. 1995b. Community Intervention Trial for Smoking Cessation (COMMIT): II. Changes in adult cigarette smoking prevalence. American Journal of Public Health 85: 193-200.
    • (1995) American Journal of Public Health , vol.85 , pp. 193-200
  • 29
    • 84939295595 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Designing a stepped wedge trial: Three main designs, carry-over effects and randomisation approaches
    • Copas, A. J., J. J. Lewis, J. A. Thompson, et al. 2015. Designing a stepped wedge trial: Three main designs, carry-over effects and randomisation approaches. Trials 16: 352.
    • (2015) Trials , vol.16 , pp. 352
    • Copas, A.J.1    Lewis, J.J.2    Thompson, J.A.3
  • 30
    • 0003433351 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Council for International Organizations of Medical Sciences (CIOMS) in collaboration with the World Health Organization (WHO), Geneva: CIOMS
    • Council for International Organizations of Medical Sciences (CIOMS) in collaboration with the World Health Organization (WHO). 2002. International Ethical Guidelines for Biomedical Research Involving Human Subjects. Geneva: CIOMS.
    • (2002) International Ethical Guidelines for Biomedical Research Involving Human Subjects
  • 32
    • 0028926196 scopus 로고
    • Mortality and morbidity from malaria in Gambian children after introduction of an impregnated bednet programme
    • D’ Alessandro, U., B. O. Olaleye, W. McGuire, et al. 1995. Mortality and morbidity from malaria in Gambian children after introduction of an impregnated bednet programme. Lancet 345: 479-83.
    • (1995) Lancet , vol.345 , pp. 479-483
    • D’Alessandro, U.1    Olaleye, B.O.2    McGuire, W.3
  • 33
    • 0029071893 scopus 로고
    • Breaking the matches in a paired t -test for community interventions when the number of pairs is small
    • Diehr, P., D. C. Martin, T. Koepsell, and A. Cheadle. 1995. Breaking the matches in a paired t -test for community interventions when the number of pairs is small. Statistics in Medicine 14: 1491-504.
    • (1995) Statistics in Medicine , vol.14 , pp. 1491-1504
    • Diehr, P.1    Martin, D.C.2    Koepsell, T.3    Cheadle, A.4
  • 34
    • 0020078306 scopus 로고
    • Randomization by cluster: Sample size requirements and analysis
    • Donner, A., N. Birkett, and C. Buck. 1981. Randomization by cluster: Sample size requirements and analysis. American Journal of Epidemiology 114: 906-14.
    • (1981) American Journal of Epidemiology , vol.114 , pp. 906-914
    • Donner, A.1    Birkett, N.2    Buck, C.3
  • 35
    • 0025690127 scopus 로고
    • A methodological review of nontherapeutic intervention trials employing cluster randomization, 1979-1989
    • Donner, A., K. S. Brown, and P. Brasher. 1990. A methodological review of nontherapeutic intervention trials employing cluster randomization, 1979-1989. International Journal of Epidemiology 19: 795-800.
    • (1990) International Journal of Epidemiology , vol.19 , pp. 795-800
    • Donner, A.1    Brown, K.S.2    Brasher, P.3
  • 37
    • 0037108230 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Issues in the meta-analysis of cluster randomized trials
    • Donner, A. and N. Klar. 2002. Issues in the meta-analysis of cluster randomized trials. Statistics in Medicine 21: 2971-80.
    • (2002) Statistics in Medicine , vol.21 , pp. 2971-2980
    • Donner, A.1    Klar, N.2
  • 38
    • 0009663357 scopus 로고
    • A multiple comparison procedure for comparing several treatments with a control
    • Dunnett, C. W. 1955. A multiple comparison procedure for comparing several treatments with a control. Journal of the American Statistical Association 50: 1096-1121.
    • (1955) Journal of the American Statistical Association , vol.50 , pp. 1096-1121
    • Dunnett, C.W.1
  • 39
    • 85047590551 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The ring vaccination trial: A novel cluster randomised controlled trial design to evaluate vaccine efficacy and effectiveness during outbreaks, with special reference to Ebola
    • Ebola c a suffit Ring Vaccination Trial Consortium
    • Ebola c a suffit Ring Vaccination Trial Consortium. 2015. The ring vaccination trial: A novel cluster randomised controlled trial design to evaluate vaccine efficacy and effectiveness during outbreaks, with special reference to Ebola. BMJ 351: h3740.
    • (2015) BMJ , vol.351 , pp. h3740
  • 40
    • 0035866008 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Extending the CONSORT statement to cluster randomized trials: For discussion
    • Elbourne, D. R. and M. K. Campbell. 2001. Extending the CONSORT statement to cluster randomized trials: For discussion. Statistics in Medicine 20: 489-96.
    • (2001) Statistics in Medicine , vol.20 , pp. 489-496
    • Elbourne, D.R.1    Campbell, M.K.2
  • 41
    • 33750212091 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sample size calculations for cluster randomized trials: Effect of coefficient of variation of cluster size and analysis method
    • Eldridge, S. M., D. Ashby, and S. Kerry. 2006. Sample size calculations for cluster randomized trials: Effect of coefficient of variation of cluster size and analysis method. International Journal of Epidemiology 35: 1292-1300.
    • (2006) International Journal of Epidemiology , vol.35 , pp. 1292-1300
    • Eldridge, S.M.1    Ashby, D.2    Kerry, S.3
  • 43
    • 17844376833 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Differential recruitment in a cluster randomized trial in primary care: The experience of the UK back pain, exercise, active management and manipulation (UK BEAM) feasibility study
    • Farrin, A., I. Russell, D. Torgerson, et al. 2005. Differential recruitment in a cluster randomized trial in primary care: The experience of the UK back pain, exercise, active management and manipulation (UK BEAM) feasibility study. Clinical Trials 2: 119-24.
    • (2005) Clinical Trials , vol.2 , pp. 119-124
    • Farrin, A.1    Russell, I.2    Torgerson, D.3
  • 44
    • 0032988314 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of postal prompts to patients and general practitioners on the quality of primary care after a coronary event (POST): Randomised controlled trial
    • Feder, G., C. Griffiths, S. Eldridge, and M. Spence. 1999. Effect of postal prompts to patients and general practitioners on the quality of primary care after a coronary event (POST): Randomised controlled trial. British Medical Journal 318: 1522-26.
    • (1999) British Medical Journal , vol.318 , pp. 1522-1526
    • Feder, G.1    Griffiths, C.2    Eldridge, S.3    Spence, M.4
  • 46
    • 79953033520 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Thibela TB: Design and methods of a cluster randomised trial of the effect of community-wide isoniazid preventive therapy on tuberculosis amongst gold miners in South Africa
    • Fielding, K. L., A. D. Grant, R. J. Hayes, et al. 2011. Thibela TB: Design and methods of a cluster randomised trial of the effect of community-wide isoniazid preventive therapy on tuberculosis amongst gold miners in South Africa. Contemporary Clinical Trials 32: 382-92.
    • (2011) Contemporary Clinical Trials , vol.32 , pp. 382-392
    • Fielding, K.L.1    Grant, A.D.2    Hayes, R.J.3
  • 48
    • 0023185342 scopus 로고
    • Equipoise and the ethics of clinical research
    • Freedman, B. 1987. Equipoise and the ethics of clinical research. New England Journal of Medicine 317: 141-5.
    • (1987) New England Journal of Medicine , vol.317 , pp. 141-145
    • Freedman, B.1
  • 49
    • 0030913113 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The efficiency of the matched-pairs design of the Community Intervention Trial for Smoking Cessation (COMMIT)
    • Freedman, L. S., M. H. Gail, S. B. Green, and D. K. Corle. 1997. The efficiency of the matched-pairs design of the Community Intervention Trial for Smoking Cessation (COMMIT). Controlled Clinical Trials 18: 131-39.
    • (1997) Controlled Clinical Trials , vol.18 , pp. 131-139
    • Freedman, L.S.1    Gail, M.H.2    Green, S.B.3    Corle, D.K.4
  • 50
    • 0030013294 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • On design considerations and randomization-based inference for community intervention trials
    • Gail, M. H., S. D. Mark, R. J. Carroll, et al. 1996. On design considerations and randomization-based inference for community intervention trials. Statistics in Medicine 15: 1069-92.
    • (1996) Statistics in Medicine , vol.15 , pp. 1069-1092
    • Gail, M.H.1    Mark, S.D.2    Carroll, R.J.3
  • 51
    • 0023584065 scopus 로고
    • The Gambia hepatitis intervention study
    • Gambia Hepatitis Study Group. 1987. The Gambia hepatitis intervention study. Cancer Research 47: 5782-87.
    • (1987) Cancer Research , vol.47 , pp. 5782-5787
  • 52
    • 19944427882 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Incidences of vaccine-preventable Haemophilus influenzae type b pneumonia and meningitis in Indonesian children: Hamlet-randomised vaccine-probe trial
    • Gessner, B. D., A. Sutanto, M. Linehan, et al. 2005. Incidences of vaccine-preventable Haemophilus influenzae type b pneumonia and meningitis in Indonesian children: Hamlet-randomised vaccine-probe trial. Lancet 365: 43-52.
    • (2005) Lancet , vol.365 , pp. 43-52
    • Gessner, B.D.1    Sutanto, A.2    Linehan, M.3
  • 53
    • 0027238154 scopus 로고
    • Vitamin A supplementation in northern Ghana: Effects on clinic attendances, hospital admissions, and child mortality
    • Ghana VAST Study Team. 1993. Vitamin A supplementation in northern Ghana: Effects on clinic attendances, hospital admissions, and child mortality. Lancet 342: 7-12.
    • (1993) Lancet , vol.342 , pp. 7-12
  • 54
    • 0003078730 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ethical issues in the design and conduct of community-based intervention studies
    • edited by S. S. Coughlin and T. L. Beauchamp, New York: Oxford University Press
    • Glanz, K., B. K. Rimer, and C. Lerman, 1996. Ethical issues in the design and conduct of community-based intervention studies. In Ethics and Epidemiology, edited by S. S. Coughlin and T. L. Beauchamp, 156-77. New York: Oxford University Press.
    • (1996) Ethics and Epidemiology , pp. 156-177
    • Glanz, K.1    Rimer, B.K.2    Lerman, C.3
  • 55
    • 85017617668 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A SAS macro for covariate-constrained randomization of general cluster-randomized and unstratified designs
    • Code Swippet 1
    • Greene, E. J. 2017. A SAS macro for covariate-constrained randomization of general cluster-randomized and unstratified designs. Journal of Statistical Software 77: Code Swippet 1.
    • (2017) Journal of Statistical Software , vol.77
    • Greene, E.J.1
  • 56
    • 0343781364 scopus 로고
    • Sample size required for estimating the standard deviation as a per cent of its true value
    • Greenwood, J. A. and M. M. Sandomire. 1950. Sample size required for estimating the standard deviation as a per cent of its true value. Journal of the American Statistical Association 45: 257-60.
    • (1950) Journal of the American Statistical Association , vol.45 , pp. 257-260
    • Greenwood, J.A.1    Sandomire, M.M.2
  • 57
    • 0029092986 scopus 로고
    • Impact of improved treatment of sexually transmitted diseases on HIV infection in rural Tanzania: Randomised controlled trial
    • Grosskurth, H., F. Mosha, J. Todd, et al. 1995. Impact of improved treatment of sexually transmitted diseases on HIV infection in rural Tanzania: Randomised controlled trial. Lancet 346: 530-36.
    • (1995) Lancet , vol.346 , pp. 530-536
    • Grosskurth, H.1    Mosha, F.2    Todd, J.3
  • 59
    • 84891629845 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A novel research design can aid disinvestment from existing health technologies with uncertain effectiveness, cost-effectiveness, and/or safety
    • Haines, T., L. O’ Brien, F. McDermott, et al. 2014. A novel research design can aid disinvestment from existing health technologies with uncertain effectiveness, cost-effectiveness, and/or safety. Journal of Clinical Epidemiology 67: 144-51.
    • (2014) Journal of Clinical Epidemiology , vol.67 , pp. 144-151
    • Haines, T.1    O’Brien, L.2    McDermott, F.3
  • 61
    • 0025946690 scopus 로고
    • Study designs for dependent happenings
    • Halloran, M. E. and C. J. Struchiner. 1991. Study designs for dependent happenings. Epidemiology 2: 331-38.
    • (1991) Epidemiology , vol.2 , pp. 331-338
    • Halloran, M.E.1    Struchiner, C.J.2
  • 62
    • 39849103123 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Improved HIV-1 incidence estimates using the BED capture enzyme immunoassay
    • Hargrove, J. W., J. H. Humphrey, K. Mutasa, et al. 2008. Improved HIV-1 incidence estimates using the BED capture enzyme immunoassay. AIDS 22: 511-18.
    • (2008) AIDS , vol.22 , pp. 511-518
    • Hargrove, J.W.1    Humphrey, J.H.2    Mutasa, K.3
  • 63
    • 0032890970 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Simple sample size calculation for clusterrandomized trials
    • Hayes, R. J. and S. Bennett. 1999. Simple sample size calculation for clusterrandomized trials. International Journal of Epidemiology 28: 319-26.
    • (1999) International Journal of Epidemiology , vol.28 , pp. 319-326
    • Hayes, R.J.1    Bennett, S.2
  • 64
    • 23044509097 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The MEMA kwa Vijana project: Design of a community randomised trial of an innovative adolescent sexual health intervention in rural Tanzania
    • Hayes, R. J., J. Changalucha, D. A. Ross, et al. 2005. The MEMA kwa Vijana project: Design of a community randomised trial of an innovative adolescent sexual health intervention in rural Tanzania. Contemporary Clinical Trials 26: 430-42.
    • (2005) Contemporary Clinical Trials , vol.26 , pp. 430-442
    • Hayes, R.J.1    Changalucha, J.2    Ross, D.A.3
  • 65
    • 0029119144 scopus 로고
    • A community trial of the impact of improved sexually transmitted disease treatment on the HIV epidemic in rural Tanzania: 1. Design
    • Hayes, R. J., F. Mosha, A. Nicoll, et al. 1995. A community trial of the impact of improved sexually transmitted disease treatment on the HIV epidemic in rural Tanzania: 1. Design. AIDS 9: 919-26.
    • (1995) AIDS , vol.9 , pp. 919-926
    • Hayes, R.J.1    Mosha, F.2    Nicoll, A.3
  • 66
    • 84886948782 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The efficiency of stepped wedge vs. cluster randomized trials: Stepped wedge studies do not always require a smaller sample size
    • Hemming, K. and A. Girling. 2013. The efficiency of stepped wedge vs. cluster randomized trials: Stepped wedge studies do not always require a smaller sample size. Journal of Clinical Epidemiology 66: 1427-28.
    • (2013) Journal of Clinical Epidemiology , vol.66 , pp. 1427-1428
    • Hemming, K.1    Girling, A.2
  • 67
    • 79959629220 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sample size calculations for cluster randomised controlled trials with a fixed number of clusters
    • Hemming, K., A. Girling, A. J. Sitch, et al. 2011. Sample size calculations for cluster randomised controlled trials with a fixed number of clusters. BMC Medical Research Methodology 11: 102.
    • (2011) BMC Medical Research Methodology , vol.11 , pp. 102
    • Hemming, K.1    Girling, A.2    Sitch, A.J.3
  • 68
    • 84875684909 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A menu-driven facility for sample-size calculations in cluster randomized controlled trials
    • Hemming, K. and J. Marsh. 2013. A menu-driven facility for sample-size calculations in cluster randomized controlled trials. The Stata Journal 13: 114-35.
    • (2013) The Stata Journal , vol.13 , pp. 114-135
    • Hemming, K.1    Marsh, J.2
  • 70
    • 42549099895 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • CONSORT for reporting randomised trials in journal and conference abstracts
    • Hopewell, S., M. Clarke, D. Moher, et al. 2008. CONSORT for reporting randomised trials in journal and conference abstracts. Lancet 371: 281-83.
    • (2008) Lancet , vol.371 , pp. 281-283
    • Hopewell, S.1    Clarke, M.2    Moher, D.3
  • 71
    • 21244495549 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Using baseline data to design a group randomized trial
    • Hughes, J. P. 2005. Using baseline data to design a group randomized trial. Statistics in Medicine 24: 1983-94.
    • (2005) Statistics in Medicine , vol.24 , pp. 1983-1994
    • Hughes, J.P.1
  • 72
    • 33845574387 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Design and analysis of stepped wedge cluster randomized trials
    • Hussey, M. A. and J. P. Hughes. 2007. Design and analysis of stepped wedge cluster randomized trials. Contemporary Clinical Trials 28: 182-91.
    • (2007) Contemporary Clinical Trials , vol.28 , pp. 182-191
    • Hussey, M.A.1    Hughes, J.P.2
  • 74
    • 65249113483 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The essential role of pair matching in clusterrandomized experiments, with application to the Mexican universal health insurance evaluation
    • Imai, K., G. King, and C. Nall. 2009. The essential role of pair matching in clusterrandomized experiments, with application to the Mexican universal health insurance evaluation. Statistical Science 24: 29-53.
    • (2009) Statistical Science , vol.24 , pp. 29-53
    • Imai, K.1    King, G.2    Nall, C.3
  • 75
    • 85053098547 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • International Conference on Harmonisation of Technical Requirements for Registration of Pharmaceuticals for Human Use, ICH
    • International Conference on Harmonisation of Technical Requirements for Registration of Pharmaceuticals for Human Use. 1996. ICH Harmonised Tripartite Guidelines: Guideline for Good Clinical Practice E6 (R1). ICH. Available at: http://www.ich.org/fileadmin/Public_Web_Site/ICH_Products/Guidelines/Efficacy/E6/E6_R1_Guideline.pdf
    • (1996) ICH Harmonised Tripartite Guidelines: Guideline for Good Clinical Practice E6 (R1)
  • 76
    • 84864409630 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Allocation techniques for balance at baseline in cluster randomized trials: A methodological review
    • Ivers, N. M., I. J. Halperin, J. Barnsley, et al. 2012. Allocation techniques for balance at baseline in cluster randomized trials: A methodological review. Trials 13: 120.
    • (2012) Trials , vol.13 , pp. 120
    • Ivers, N.M.1    Halperin, I.J.2    Barnsley, J.3
  • 78
    • 0037460696 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Syndromic management of sexuallytransmitted infections and behaviour change interventions on transmission of HIV-1 in rural Uganda: A community randomised trial
    • Kamali, A., M. Quigley, J. Nakiyingi, et al. 2003. Syndromic management of sexuallytransmitted infections and behaviour change interventions on transmission of HIV-1 in rural Uganda: A community randomised trial. Lancet 361: 645-52.
    • (2003) Lancet , vol.361 , pp. 645-652
    • Kamali, A.1    Quigley, M.2    Nakiyingi, J.3
  • 80
    • 0030816096 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The merits of matching in community intervention trials: A cautionary tale
    • Klar, N. and Donner, A. 1997. The merits of matching in community intervention trials: A cautionary tale. Statistics in Medicine 16: 1753-64.
    • (1997) Statistics in Medicine , vol.16 , pp. 1753-1764
    • Klar, N.1    Donner, A.2
  • 81
    • 19944431405 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Determinants of the impact of sexually transmitted infection treatment on prevention of HIV infection: A synthesis of evidence from the Mwanza, Rakai and Masaka intervention trials
    • Korenromp, E. L., R. G. White, K. K. Orroth, et al. 2005. Determinants of the impact of sexually transmitted infection treatment on prevention of HIV infection: A synthesis of evidence from the Mwanza, Rakai and Masaka intervention trials. Journal of Infectious Diseases 191 (suppl. 1): S168-75.
    • (2005) Journal of Infectious Diseases , vol.191 , pp. S168-S175
    • Korenromp, E.L.1    White, R.G.2    Orroth, K.K.3
  • 82
    • 84867855450 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Use of the stepped wedge design cannot be recommended: A critical appraisal and comparison with the classic cluster randomized controlled trial design
    • Kotz, D., M. Spigt, I. C. W. Arts, et al. 2012a. Use of the stepped wedge design cannot be recommended: A critical appraisal and comparison with the classic cluster randomized controlled trial design. Journal of Clinical Epidemiology 65: 1249-52.
    • (2012) Journal of Clinical Epidemiology , vol.65 , pp. 1249-1252
    • Kotz, D.1    Spigt, M.2    Arts, I.C.W.3
  • 83
    • 84867876616 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Researchers should convince policy makers to perform a classic cluster randomized controlled trial instead of a stepped wedge design when an intervention is rolled out
    • Kotz, D., M. Spigt, I. C. W. Arts, et al. 2012b. Researchers should convince policy makers to perform a classic cluster randomized controlled trial instead of a stepped wedge design when an intervention is rolled out. Journal of Clinical Epidemiology 65: 1255-56.
    • (2012) Journal of Clinical Epidemiology , vol.65 , pp. 1255-1256
    • Kotz, D.1    Spigt, M.2    Arts, I.C.W.3
  • 84
    • 70449529019 scopus 로고
    • Discrete sequential boundaries for clinical trials
    • Lan, K. K. G. and D. L. DeMets. 1983. Discrete sequential boundaries for clinical trials. Biometrika 70: 659-63.
    • (1983) Biometrika , vol.70 , pp. 659-663
    • Lan, K.K.G.1    DeMets, D.L.2
  • 85
    • 85053090232 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • PSMATCH2: Stata module to perform full Mahalanobis and propensity score matching, common support graphing, and covariate imbalance testing
    • Leuven, E. and B. Sianesi. 2015. PSMATCH2: Stata module to perform full Mahalanobis and propensity score matching, common support graphing, and covariate imbalance testing. EconPapers. Available at: http://econpapers.repec.org/software/bocbocode/S432001.htm.
    • (2015) EconPapers
    • Leuven, E.1    Sianesi, B.2
  • 86
    • 33746286919 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Intra-cluster correlation coefficients in adults with diabetes in primary care practices: The Vermont diabetes information system field survey
    • Littenberg, B. and C. D. MacLean. 2006. Intra-cluster correlation coefficients in adults with diabetes in primary care practices: The Vermont diabetes information system field survey. BMC Medical Research Methodology 6: 20.
    • (2006) BMC Medical Research Methodology , vol.6 , pp. 20
    • Littenberg, B.1    MacLean, C.D.2
  • 87
    • 85053091184 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Rerandomization to improve covariate balance in randomized experiments, Ph.D. diss., Harvard University. Longini, I. M. Jr, K. Sagatelian, W. N. Rida, and M. E. Halloran. 1998. Optimal vaccine trial design when estimating vaccine efficacy for susceptibility and infectiousness from multiple populations
    • Lock, K. F. 2011. Rerandomization to improve covariate balance in randomized experiments, Ph.D. diss., Harvard University. Longini, I. M. Jr, K. Sagatelian, W. N. Rida, and M. E. Halloran. 1998. Optimal vaccine trial design when estimating vaccine efficacy for susceptibility and infectiousness from multiple populations. Statistics in Medicine 17: 1121-36.
    • (2011) Statistics in Medicine , vol.17 , pp. 1121-1136
    • Lock, K.F.1
  • 88
    • 0035580479 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sample size estimation in cluster randomised studies with varying cluster size
    • Manatunga, A. K., M. G. Hudgens, and S. Chen. 2001. Sample size estimation in cluster randomised studies with varying cluster size. Biometrical Journal 43: 75-86.
    • (2001) Biometrical Journal , vol.43 , pp. 75-86
    • Manatunga, A.K.1    Hudgens, M.G.2    Chen, S.3
  • 90
    • 23044447788 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Surveillance for HIV-1 incidence using tests for recent infection in resource-constrained countries
    • McDougal, J. S., C. D. Pilcher, B. S. Parekh, et al. 2005. Surveillance for HIV-1 incidence using tests for recent infection in resource-constrained countries. AIDS 19: S25- S30.
    • (2005) AIDS , vol.19 , pp. S25-S30
    • McDougal, J.S.1    Pilcher, C.D.2    Parekh, B.S.3
  • 92
    • 1242326002 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Worms: Identifying impacts on education and health in the presence of treatment externalities
    • Miguel, E. and M. Kremer. 2004. Worms: Identifying impacts on education and health in the presence of treatment externalities. Econometrica 72: 159-217.
    • (2004) Econometrica , vol.72 , pp. 159-217
    • Miguel, E.1    Kremer, M.2
  • 94
    • 84878436619 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Community resource centres to improve the health of women and children in Mumbai slums: Study protocol for a cluster randomized controlled trial
    • More, N. S., S. Das, U. Bapat, et al. 2013. Community resource centres to improve the health of women and children in Mumbai slums: Study protocol for a cluster randomized controlled trial. Trials 14: 132.
    • (2013) Trials , vol.14 , pp. 132
    • More, N.S.1    Das, S.2    Bapat, U.3
  • 95
    • 84872006253 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Rerandomization to improve covariate balance in experiments
    • Morgan, K. L. and D. B. Rubin. 2012. Rerandomization to improve covariate balance in experiments. The Annals of Statistics 40: 1263-82.
    • (2012) The Annals of Statistics , vol.40 , pp. 1263-1282
    • Morgan, K.L.1    Rubin, D.B.2
  • 96
    • 33644805193 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Covariate-based constrained randomization of grouprandomized trials
    • Moulton, L. H. 2004. Covariate-based constrained randomization of grouprandomized trials. Clinical Trials 1: 297-305.
    • (2004) Clinical Trials , vol.1 , pp. 297-305
    • Moulton, L.H.1
  • 97
    • 34249295234 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Statistical design of THRio: A phased implementation clinic-randomized study of a tuberculosis preventive therapy intervention
    • Moulton, L. H., J. E. Golub, B. Durovni, et al. 2007. Statistical design of THRio: A phased implementation clinic-randomized study of a tuberculosis preventive therapy intervention. Clinical Trials 4: 190-99.
    • (2007) Clinical Trials , vol.4 , pp. 190-199
    • Moulton, L.H.1    Golub, J.E.2    Durovni, B.3
  • 98
    • 0034886473 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Design of a group-randomized Streptococcus pneumoniae vaccine trial
    • Moulton, L. H., K. L. O’ Brien, R. Kohberger, et al. 2001. Design of a group-randomized Streptococcus pneumoniae vaccine trial. Controlled Clinical Trials 22: 438-52.
    • (2001) Controlled Clinical Trials , vol.22 , pp. 438-452
    • Moulton, L.H.1    O’Brien, K.L.2    Kohberger, R.3
  • 99
    • 33745726454 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evaluation of the indirect effects of a pneumococcal vaccine in a community-randomized study
    • Moulton, L. H., K. L. O’ Brien, R. Reid, et al. 2006. Evaluation of the indirect effects of a pneumococcal vaccine in a community-randomized study. Journal of Biopharmaceutical Statistics 16: 453-62.
    • (2006) Journal of Biopharmaceutical Statistics , vol.16 , pp. 453-462
    • Moulton, L.H.1    O’Brien, K.L.2    Reid, R.3
  • 100
    • 0024311446 scopus 로고
    • Analyzing repeated measures on generalized linear models via the bootstrap
    • Moulton, L. H. and S. L. Zeger. 1989. Analyzing repeated measures on generalized linear models via the bootstrap. Biometrics 45: 381-94.
    • (1989) Biometrics , vol.45 , pp. 381-394
    • Moulton, L.H.1    Zeger, S.L.2
  • 101
    • 85018430736 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparison of empirical study power in sample size calculation approaches for cluster randomized trials with varying cluster sizes: A continuous outcome endpoint
    • Mukaka, M. and L. H. Moulton. 2016. Comparison of empirical study power in sample size calculation approaches for cluster randomized trials with varying cluster sizes: A continuous outcome endpoint. Open Access Medical Statistics 6: 1-7.
    • (2016) Open Access Medical Statistics , vol.6 , pp. 1-7
    • Mukaka, M.1    Moulton, L.H.2
  • 102
    • 33847130152 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reduction of HIV-1 RNA levels with therapy to suppress Herpes simplex virus
    • Nagot, N., A. Ouedraogo, V. Foulongne, et al. 2007. Reduction of HIV-1 RNA levels with therapy to suppress Herpes simplex virus. New England Journal of Medicine 356: 790-99.
    • (2007) New England Journal of Medicine , vol.356 , pp. 790-799
    • Nagot, N.1    Ouedraogo, A.2    Foulongne, V.3
  • 103
    • 84928567190 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The Lake Victoria island intervention study on worms and allergy-related diseases (LaVIISWA): Study protocol for a randomised controlled trial
    • Nampijja, M., E. L. Webb, J. Kaweesa, et al. 2015. The Lake Victoria island intervention study on worms and allergy-related diseases (LaVIISWA): Study protocol for a randomised controlled trial. Trials 16: 187.
    • (2015) Trials , vol.16 , pp. 187
    • Nampijja, M.1    Webb, E.L.2    Kaweesa, J.3
  • 104
    • 0029669880 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Insecticide-treated bednets reduce mortality and severe morbidity from malaria among children on the Kenyan coast
    • Nevill, C. G., E. S. Some, V. O. Mung’ ala, et al. 1996. Insecticide-treated bednets reduce mortality and severe morbidity from malaria among children on the Kenyan coast. Tropical Medicine and International Health 1: 139-46.
    • (1996) Tropical Medicine and International Health , vol.1 , pp. 139-146
    • Nevill, C.G.1    Some, E.S.2    Mung’ala, V.O.3
  • 105
    • 0034924994 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prevalence of HIV and Chlamydia trachomatis infection in 15-19-year olds in rural Tanzania
    • Obasi, A. I., R. Balira, J. Todd, et al. 2001. Prevalence of HIV and Chlamydia trachomatis infection in 15-19-year olds in rural Tanzania. Tropical Medicine and International Health 6: 517-25.
    • (2001) Tropical Medicine and International Health , vol.6 , pp. 517-525
    • Obasi, A.I.1    Balira, R.2    Todd, J.3
  • 106
    • 33646914744 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Rationale and design of the MEMA kwa Vijana adolescent sexual and reproductive health intervention in Mwanza Region, Tanzania
    • Obasi, A. I., B. Cleophas, D. A. Ross, et al. 2006. Rationale and design of the MEMA kwa Vijana adolescent sexual and reproductive health intervention in Mwanza Region, Tanzania. AIDS Care 18: 311-22.
    • (2006) AIDS Care , vol.18 , pp. 311-322
    • Obasi, A.I.1    Cleophas, B.2    Ross, D.A.3
  • 107
    • 0042170132 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Efficacy and safety of seven-valent conjugate pneumococcal vaccine in American Indian children: Group randomised trial
    • O’ Brien, K. L., L. H. Moulton, R. Reid, et al. 2003. Efficacy and safety of seven-valent conjugate pneumococcal vaccine in American Indian children: Group randomised trial. Lancet 362: 355-61.
    • (2003) Lancet , vol.362 , pp. 355-361
    • O’ Brien, K.L.1    Moulton, L.H.2    Reid, R.3
  • 108
    • 12144289558 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Higher risk behaviour and rates of sexually transmitted diseases in Mwanza compared to Uganda may help explain HIV prevention trial outcomes
    • Orroth, K. K., E. L. Korenromp, R. G. White, et al. 2003. Higher risk behaviour and rates of sexually transmitted diseases in Mwanza compared to Uganda may help explain HIV prevention trial outcomes. AIDS 17: 2653-60.
    • (2003) AIDS , vol.17 , pp. 2653-2660
    • Orroth, K.K.1    Korenromp, E.L.2    White, R.G.3
  • 109
    • 0034992722 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sample size and power calculations with correlated binary data
    • Pan, W. 2001. Sample size and power calculations with correlated binary data. Controlled Clinical Trials 22: 211-27.
    • (2001) Controlled Clinical Trials , vol.22 , pp. 211-227
    • Pan, W.1
  • 110
    • 0037198575 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Small-sample adjustments in using the sandwich variance estimator in generalized estimating equations
    • Pan, W. and M. M. Wall. 2002. Small-sample adjustments in using the sandwich variance estimator in generalized estimating equations. Statistics in Medicine 21: 1429-41.
    • (2002) Statistics in Medicine , vol.21 , pp. 1429-1441
    • Pan, W.1    Wall, M.M.2
  • 111
    • 0016799829 scopus 로고
    • Sequential treatment assignment with balancing for prognostic factors in the controlled clinical trial
    • Pocock, S. J. and R. Simon. 1975. Sequential treatment assignment with balancing for prognostic factors in the controlled clinical trial. Biometrics 31: 103-15.
    • (1975) Biometrics , vol.31 , pp. 103-115
    • Pocock, S.J.1    Simon, R.2
  • 113
    • 0035865990 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Balance in cluster randomized trials
    • Raab, G. M. and I. Butcher. 2001. Balance in cluster randomized trials. Statistics in Medicine 20: 351-65.
    • (2001) Statistics in Medicine , vol.20 , pp. 351-365
    • Raab, G.M.1    Butcher, I.2
  • 114
    • 80054978377 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Studies with staggered starts: Multiple baseline designs and group-randomized trials
    • Rhoda, D. A., D. M. Murray, R. R. Andridge, et al. 2011. Studies with staggered starts: Multiple baseline designs and group-randomized trials. American Journal of Public Health 101: 2164-69.
    • (2011) American Journal of Public Health , vol.101 , pp. 2164-2169
    • Rhoda, D.A.1    Murray, D.M.2    Andridge, R.R.3
  • 115
    • 0001691818 scopus 로고
    • On the behavior of randomization tests without a group invariance assumption
    • Romano, J. P. 1990. On the behavior of randomization tests without a group invariance assumption. Journal of the American Statistical Association 85: 686-92.
    • (1990) Journal of the American Statistical Association , vol.85 , pp. 686-692
    • Romano, J.P.1
  • 117
    • 34548293398 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Biological and behavioural impact of an adolescent sexual health intervention in Tanzania: A communityrandomized trial
    • Ross, D. A., J. Changalucha, A. I. N. Obasi, et al. 2007. Biological and behavioural impact of an adolescent sexual health intervention in Tanzania: A communityrandomized trial. AIDS 21: 1943-55.
    • (2007) AIDS , vol.21 , pp. 1943-1955
    • Ross, D.A.1    Changalucha, J.2    Obasi, A.I.N.3
  • 118
    • 84950323601 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The Sanitation Hygiene Infant Nutrition Efficacy (SHINE) trial: Rationale, design, and methods
    • The Sanitation Hygiene Infant Nutrition Efficacy (SHINE) Trial Team. 2015. The Sanitation Hygiene Infant Nutrition Efficacy (SHINE) trial: Rationale, design, and methods. Clinical Infectious Diseases 61(suppl 7): S685-702.
    • (2015) Clinical Infectious Diseases , vol.61 , pp. S685-S702
  • 119
    • 77950189829 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • CONSORT 2010 statement: Updated guidelines for reporting parallel group randomised trials
    • Schulz, K. F., D. G. Altman, and D. Moher. 2010. CONSORT 2010 statement: Updated guidelines for reporting parallel group randomised trials. BMJ 340: c332.
    • (2010) BMJ , vol.340 , pp. c332
    • Schulz, K.F.1    Altman, D.G.2    Moher, D.3
  • 120
    • 84939431389 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Finite-sample corrected generalized estimating equation of population average treatment effects in stepped wedge cluster randomized trials
    • pii: 0962280214552092. Advance online publication
    • Scott, J. M., A. deCamp, M. Juraska, et al. 2014. Finite-sample corrected generalized estimating equation of population average treatment effects in stepped wedge cluster randomized trials. Statistical Methods in Medical Research pii: 0962280214552092. Advance online publication.
    • (2014) Statistical Methods in Medical Research
    • Scott, J.M.1    DeCamp, A.2    Juraska, M.3
  • 121
    • 0027757021 scopus 로고
    • Dynamic balanced randomization for clinical trials
    • Signorini, D. F., O. Leung, R. J. Simes, et al. 1993. Dynamic balanced randomization for clinical trials. Statistics in Medicine 12: 2343-50.
    • (1993) Statistics in Medicine , vol.12 , pp. 2343-2350
    • Signorini, D.F.1    Leung, O.2    Simes, R.J.3
  • 122
    • 0029095384 scopus 로고
    • Accounting for cluster randomization: A review of primary prevention trials, 1990 through 1993
    • Simpson, J. M., N. Klar, and A. Donner. 1995. Accounting for cluster randomization: A review of primary prevention trials, 1990 through 1993. American Journal of Public Health 85: 1378-82.
    • (1995) American Journal of Public Health , vol.85 , pp. 1378-1382
    • Simpson, J.M.1    Klar, N.2    Donner, A.3
  • 123
    • 56849095441 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Restricted randomization of Zamstar: A 2× 2 factorial cluster randomized trial
    • Sismanidis, C., L. H. Moulton, H. Ayles, et al. 2008. Restricted randomization of Zamstar: A 2× 2 factorial cluster randomized trial. Clinical Trials 5: 316-27.
    • (2008) Clinical Trials , vol.5 , pp. 316-327
    • Sismanidis, C.1    Moulton, L.H.2    Ayles, H.3
  • 124
    • 84999266389 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Design of the Indian NCA Study (Indian national collaboration on AIDS): A cluster randomized trial to evaluate the effectiveness of integrated care centers to improve HIV outcomes among men who have sex with men and persons who inject drugs in India
    • Solomon, S. S., G. M. Lucas, D. C. Celentano, et al. 2016. Design of the Indian NCA Study (Indian national collaboration on AIDS): A cluster randomized trial to evaluate the effectiveness of integrated care centers to improve HIV outcomes among men who have sex with men and persons who inject drugs in India. BMC Health Services Research 16: 652.
    • (2016) BMC Health Services Research , vol.16 , pp. 652
    • Solomon, S.S.1    Lucas, G.M.2    Celentano, D.C.3
  • 126
    • 84978982859 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Substantial risks associated with few clusters in cluster randomized and stepped wedge designs
    • Taljaard, M., S. Teerenstra, N. M. Ivers, et al. 2016. Substantial risks associated with few clusters in cluster randomized and stepped wedge designs. Clinical Trials 13: 459-63.
    • (2016) Clinical Trials , vol.13 , pp. 459-463
    • Taljaard, M.1    Teerenstra, S.2    Ivers, N.M.3
  • 127
    • 84865285431 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A simple sample size formula for analysis of covariance in cluster randomized trials
    • Teerenstra, S., S. Eldridge, M. Graff, et al. 2012. A simple sample size formula for analysis of covariance in cluster randomized trials. Statistics in Medicine 31: 2169-78.
    • (2012) Statistics in Medicine , vol.31 , pp. 2169-2178
    • Teerenstra, S.1    Eldridge, S.2    Graff, M.3
  • 128
    • 33846531169 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effectiveness of a strategy to improve adherence to tuberculosis treatment in a resource-poor setting: A cluster randomized controlled trial
    • Thiam, S., A. M. LeFevre, F. Hane, et al. 2007. Effectiveness of a strategy to improve adherence to tuberculosis treatment in a resource-poor setting: A cluster randomized controlled trial. Journal of the American Medical Association 297: 380-6.
    • (2007) Journal of the American Medical Association , vol.297 , pp. 380-386
    • Thiam, S.1    LeFevre, A.M.2    Hane, F.3
  • 129
    • 85053096611 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Robust analysis of stepped wedge trials using cluster-level summaries within periods
    • Thompson, J., C. Davey, K. Fielding, et al. 2017b. Robust analysis of stepped wedge trials using cluster-level summaries within periods. Submitted for publication.
    • (2017) Submitted for publication
    • Thompson, J.1    Davey, C.2    Fielding, K.3
  • 130
    • 85053087572 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Bias and inference from misspecified mixed effect models in stepped wedge trial analysis
    • Thompson, J., K. Fielding, C. Davey, et al. 2017a. Bias and inference from misspecified mixed effect models in stepped wedge trial analysis. Submitted for publication.
    • (2017) Submitted for publication
    • Thompson, J.1    Fielding, K.2    Davey, C.3
  • 131
    • 69949092151 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Measures of between-cluster variability in cluster randomized trials with binary outcomes
    • Thomson, A., R. Hayes, and S. Cousens. 2009. Measures of between-cluster variability in cluster randomized trials with binary outcomes. Statistics in Medicine 28: 1739-51.
    • (2009) Statistics in Medicine , vol.28 , pp. 1739-1751
    • Thomson, A.1    Hayes, R.2    Cousens, S.3
  • 132
    • 84924298490 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Designs of two randomized, communitybased trials to assess the impact of alternative cookstove installation on respiratory illness among young children and reproductive outcomes in rural Nepal
    • Tielsch, J. M., J. Katz, S. L. Zeger, et al. 2014. Designs of two randomized, communitybased trials to assess the impact of alternative cookstove installation on respiratory illness among young children and reproductive outcomes in rural Nepal. BMC Public Health 14: 1271.
    • (2014) BMC Public Health , vol.14 , pp. 1271
    • Tielsch, J.M.1    Katz, J.2    Zeger, S.L.3
  • 133
    • 0142185439 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The effects of alternative study designs on the power of community randomized trials: Evidence from three studies of human immunodeficiency virus prevention in East Africa
    • Todd, J., L. Carpenter, L. Xianbin, et al. 2003. The effects of alternative study designs on the power of community randomized trials: Evidence from three studies of human immunodeficiency virus prevention in East Africa. International Journal of Epidemiology 32: 755-62.
    • (2003) International Journal of Epidemiology , vol.32 , pp. 755-762
    • Todd, J.1    Carpenter, L.2    Xianbin, L.3
  • 134
    • 0035835406 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Contamination in trials: Is cluster randomisation the answer?
    • Torgerson, D. J. 2001. Contamination in trials: Is cluster randomisation the answer? British Medical Journal 322: 355-7.
    • (2001) British Medical Journal , vol.322 , pp. 355-357
    • Torgerson, D.J.1
  • 135
    • 18344369714 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prior distributions for the intracluster correlation coefficient, based on multiple previous estimates, and their application in cluster randomized trials
    • Turner, R. M., S. G. Thompson, and D. J. Spiegelhalter. 2005. Prior distributions for the intracluster correlation coefficient, based on multiple previous estimates, and their application in cluster randomized trials. Clinical Trials 2: 108-18.
    • (2005) Clinical Trials , vol.2 , pp. 108-118
    • Turner, R.M.1    Thompson, S.G.2    Spiegelhalter, D.J.3
  • 137
    • 7144226601 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A randomized, community trial of intensive sexually transmitted disease control for AIDS prevention, Rakai, Uganda
    • Wawer, M. J., R. H. Gray, N. K. Sewankambo, et al. 1998. A randomized, community trial of intensive sexually transmitted disease control for AIDS prevention, Rakai, Uganda. AIDS 12: 1211-25.
    • (1998) AIDS , vol.12 , pp. 1211-1225
    • Wawer, M.J.1    Gray, R.H.2    Sewankambo, N.K.3
  • 138
    • 0032994454 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Control of sexually transmitted diseases for AIDS prevention in Uganda: A randomised community trial
    • Wawer, M. J., N. K. Sewankambo, D. Serwadda, et al. 1999. Control of sexually transmitted diseases for AIDS prevention in Uganda: A randomised community trial. Lancet 353: 525-35.
    • (1999) Lancet , vol.353 , pp. 525-535
    • Wawer, M.J.1    Sewankambo, N.K.2    Serwadda, D.3
  • 139
    • 84870272275 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The Ottawa statement on the ethical design and conduct of cluster randomized trials
    • Weijer, C., J. M. Grimshaw, M. P. Eccles, et al. 2012. The Ottawa statement on the ethical design and conduct of cluster randomized trials. PLoS Medicine 9: e1001346.
    • (2012) PLoS Medicine , vol.9 , pp. e1001346
    • Weijer, C.1    Grimshaw, J.M.2    Eccles, M.P.3
  • 140
    • 0028895976 scopus 로고
    • Impact of face-washing on trachoma in Kongwa, Tanzania
    • West, S., B. Mun oz, M. Lynch, et al. 1995. Impact of face-washing on trachoma in Kongwa, Tanzania. Lancet 345: 155-8.
    • (1995) Lancet , vol.345 , pp. 155-158
    • West, S.1    Munoz, B.2    Lynch, M.3
  • 141
    • 18344396976 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Standardized mean differences in individuallyrandomized and cluster-randomized trials, with applications to meta-analysis
    • White, I. R. and J. Thomas. 2005. Standardized mean differences in individuallyrandomized and cluster-randomized trials, with applications to meta-analysis. Clinical Trials 2: 141-51.
    • (2005) Clinical Trials , vol.2 , pp. 141-151
    • White, I.R.1    Thomas, J.2
  • 142
    • 10044265208 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Can population differences explain the contrasting results of the Mwanza, Rakai, and Masaka HIV/sexually transmitted disease intervention trials? A modeling study
    • White, R. G., K. K. Orroth, E. L. Korenromp, et al. 2004. Can population differences explain the contrasting results of the Mwanza, Rakai, and Masaka HIV/sexually transmitted disease intervention trials? A modeling study. Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes 37: 1500-13.
    • (2004) Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes , vol.37 , pp. 1500-1513
    • White, R.G.1    Orroth, K.K.2    Korenromp, E.L.3
  • 143
    • 0037097570 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Limits of teacher delivered sex education: Interim behavioural outcomes from randomised trial
    • Wight, D., G. M. Raab, M. Henderson, et al. 2002. Limits of teacher delivered sex education: Interim behavioural outcomes from randomised trial. British Medical Journal 324: 1430-35.
    • (2002) British Medical Journal , vol.324 , pp. 1430-1435
    • Wight, D.1    Raab, G.M.2    Henderson, M.3
  • 144
    • 84878219336 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Stepped wedge designs could reduce the required sample size in cluster randomized trials
    • Woertman, W., E. de Hoop, M. Moerbeek, et al. 2013. Stepped wedge designs could reduce the required sample size in cluster randomized trials. Journal of Clinical Epidemiology 66: 752-8.
    • (2013) Journal of Clinical Epidemiology , vol.66 , pp. 752-758
    • Woertman, W.1    De Hoop, E.2    Moerbeek, M.3
  • 145
    • 77956868044 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Propensity score matching in randomized clinical trials
    • Xu, Z. and J. D. Kalbfleisch. 2010. Propensity score matching in randomized clinical trials. Biometrics 66: 813-23.
    • (2010) Biometrics , vol.66 , pp. 813-823
    • Xu, Z.1    Kalbfleisch, J.D.2
  • 146
    • 79951859197 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Relative efficiency and sample size for cluster randomized trials with variable cluster sizes
    • You, Z., O. D. Williams, I. Aban, et al. 2011. Relative efficiency and sample size for cluster randomized trials with variable cluster sizes. Clinical Trials 8: 27-36.
    • (2011) Clinical Trials , vol.8 , pp. 27-36
    • You, Z.1    Williams, O.D.2    Aban, I.3
  • 147
    • 0022673130 scopus 로고
    • Longitudinal data analysis for discrete and continuous outcomes
    • Zeger, S. and K.-Y. Liang. 1986. Longitudinal data analysis for discrete and continuous outcomes. Biometrics 42: 121-30.
    • (1986) Biometrics , vol.42 , pp. 121-130
    • Zeger, S.1    Liang, K.-Y.2
  • 148
    • 0018750520 scopus 로고
    • A new design for randomized clinical trials
    • Zelen, M. 1979. A new design for randomized clinical trials. New England Journal of Medicine 300: 1242-5.
    • (1979) New England Journal of Medicine , vol.300 , pp. 1242-1245
    • Zelen, M.1
  • 149
    • 0025290260 scopus 로고
    • Randomized consent designs for clinical trials: An update
    • Zelen, M. 1990. Randomized consent designs for clinical trials: An update. Statistics in Medicine 9: 645-56.
    • (1990) Statistics in Medicine , vol.9 , pp. 645-656
    • Zelen, M.1


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.