The merits of matching in community intervention trials: A cautionary tale

Statistics in Medicine

Volumn 16, Issue 15, 1997, Pages 1753-1764

  Klar, Neil ^a   Donner, Allan ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF WESTERN ONTARIO   (Canada)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ACCURACY; ARTICLE; CLINICAL TRIAL; COMMUNITY; CONTROLLED CLINICAL TRIAL; RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL; RISK FACTOR;

CLUSTER ANALYSIS; MATCHED-PAIR ANALYSIS; ODDS RATIO; RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIALS; RESEARCH DESIGN; RISK FACTORS; SAMPLE SIZE;

EID: 0030816096     PISSN: 02776715     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1002/(SICI)1097-0258(19970815)16:15<1753::AID-SIM597>3.0.CO;2-E     Document Type: Article

References (50)

1. Simpson, J. M., Klar, N. and Donner, A. 'Taking cluster randomization into account: a review of primary prevention trials, 1990-1993', American Journal of Public Health, 85, 1378-1383 (1995).
2. Koepsell, T. D., Wagner, E. H., Cheadle, A. C., Patrick, D. L., Martin, D. C., Diehr, P. H., Perrin, E. B., Kristal, A. R., Allan-Andrilla, C. H. and Dey, L. J. 'Selected methodological issues in evaluating community-based health promotion and disease prevention programs', Annual Review of Public Health, 13, 31-57 (1992).
3. Cochran, W. G. and Cox, G. M. Experimental Designs, 2nd edn, Wiley, New York, 1957, p. 32.
4. Winer, B. J. Statistical Principles in Experimental Design, 2nd edn, McGraw-Hill, New York, 1971, p. 48.
5. Martin, D. C., Diehr, P., Perrin, E. B. and Koepsell, T. 'The effect of matching on the power of randomized community intervention studies', Statistics in Medicine, 12, 329-338 (1993).
6. Diehr, P., Martin, D. C., Koepsell, T. and Cheadle, A. 'Breaking the matches in a paired t-test for community interventions when the number of pairs is small', Statistics in Medicine, 14, 1491-1504 (1995).
7. Bass, M. J., McWhinney, I. R. and Donner, A. 'Do family physicians need medical assistants to detect and manage hypertension?', Canadian Medical Association Journal, 134, 1247-1255 (1986).
8. McKinlay, S. M. 'Pair-matching - a reappraisal of a popular technique', Biometrics, 33, 725-735 (1977).
9. McClatchey, M. W., Cohen, S. J. and Reed, F. M. The usefulness of matched pair randomization for medical practice-based research', Family Practice Research Journal, 12, 235-243 (1992).
10. Fleiss, J. L. 'Analysis of data from multiclinic trials', Controlled Clinical Trials, 7, 267-275 (1986).
11. Grizzle, J. E. 'Re: Analysis of data from multiclinic trials', Controlled Clinical Trials, 8, 392-393 (1987).
12. Hsieh, F. Y. 'Sample size formulae for intervention studies with the cluster as unit of randomization', Statistics in Medicine, 8, 1195-1201 (1988).
13. Shipley, M. J., Smith, P. G. and Dramaix, M. 'Calculation of power for matched pair studies when randomization is by group', International Journal of Epidemiology, 18, 457-461 (1989).
14. Buring, J. E. and Hennekens, C. H. The contribution of large, simple trials to prevention research', Preventive Medicine, 23, 595-598 (1994).
15. Ederer, F., Church, T. R. and Mandel, J. S. 'Sample sizes for prevention trials have been too small', American Journal of Epidemiology, 137, 787-796 (1993).
16. Susser, M. 'The tribulations of trials - interventions in communities', American Journal of Public Health, 85, 156-158 (1995).
17. Diwan, V. K., Wahlström, R., Tomson, G., Beerman, B., Sterky, G. and Eriksson, B. 'Effects of "group detailing" on the prescribing of lipid-lowering drugs: a randomized controlled trial in Swedish primary care', Journal of Clinical Epidemiology, 48, 705-711 (1995).
18. Abrams, D. B., Boutwell, W. B., Grizzle, J., Heimendinger, J., Sorensen, G. and Varnes, J. 'Cancer control at the workplace: the working well trial', Preventive Medicine, 23, 15-27 (1994).
19. Lachin, J. M. 'Properties of simple randomization in clinical trials', Controlled Clinical Trials, 9, 312-326 (1988).
20. Peto, R., Pike, M. C., Armitage, P., Breslow, N. E., Cox, D. R., Howard, S. V., Mantel, N., McPherson, K., Peto, J. and Smith, P. G. 'Design and analysis of randomized clinical trials requiring prolonged observation of each patient', British Journal of Cancer, 34, 585-612 (1976).
21. Therneau, T. M. 'How many stratification factors are "too many" to use in a randomization plan?', Controlled Clinical Trials, 14, 98-108 (1993).
22. Mickey, R. M. and Goodwin, G. D. The magnitude and variability of design effects for community intervention trials', American Journal of Epidemiology, 137, 9-18 (1993).
23. Murray, D. M., Rooney, B. L., Hannan, P. J., Peterson, A. V., Ary, D. V., Biglan, A., Botvin, G. J., Evans, R. I., Flay, B. R., Futterman, R., Getz, J. G., Marek, P. M., Orlandi, M., Pentz, M. A., Perry, C. L. and Schinke, S. P. 'Intraclass correlation among common measures of adolescent smoking: estimates, correlates, and applications in smoking prevention studies', American Journal of Epidemiology, 140, 1038-1050 (1994).
24. Donner, A. and Klar, N. 'Confidence interval construction for effect measures arising from cluster randomization trials', Journal of Clinical Epidemiology, 46, 123-131 (1993).
25. Donner, A. and Hauck, W. 'Estimation of a common odds ratio in case-control studies of familial aggregation', Biometrics, 44, 369-378 (1988).
26. Moore, D. F. and Tsiatis, A. 'Robust estimation of the variance in moment methods for extra-binomial and extra-Poisson variation', Biometrics, 47, 383-401 (1991).
27. Liang, K. Y. and Zeger, S. L. 'Longitudinal data analysis using generalized linear models, Biometrika, 73, 13-22 (1986).
28. Moore, D. F. 'Asymptotic properties of moment estimators for overdispersed counts and proportions', Biometrika, 73, 583-588 (1986).
29. Williams, D. A. 'Extra binomial variation in logistic linear models. Applied Statistics, 31, 144-148 (1982).
30. Feng, A. and Grizzle, J. E. 'Correlated binomial variates: properties of estimator of intraclass correlation and its effect on sample size calculation', Statistics in Medicine, 11, 1607-1614 (1992).
31. McCullagh, P. and Nelder, J. A. Generalized Linear Models, 2nd edn, Chapman and Hall, London, 1989, p. 127.
32. Donner, A. and Donald, A. 'Analysis of data arising from a stratified design with the cluster as unit of randomization', Statistics in Medicine, 6, 43-52 (1987).
33. COMMIT Research Group. 'Community intervention trial for smoking cessation (COMMIT)', American Journal of Public Health, 85, 183-200 (1995).
34. Neuhaus, J. M. 'Statistical methods for longitudinal and clustered designs with binary responses, Statistical Methods in Medical Research, 1, 249-273 (1992).
35. Lavange, L. M., Keyes, L. L., Koch, G. G. and Margolis, P. A. 'Application of sample survey methods for modelling ratios to incidence densities', Statistics in Medicine, 13, 343-355 (1994).
36. Boos, D. D. 'On generalized score tests', American Statistician, 46, 327-333 (1992).
37. Rao, J. N. K. and Scott, A. J. 'A simple method for the analysis of clustered binary data', Biometrics, 48, 577-585 (1992).
38. Bartlett, A. V., Englender, S. J., Jarvis, B. A., Ludwig, L., Carlson, J. F. and Topping, J. P. 'Controlled trial of Giardia lamblia: control strategies in day care centers', American Journal of Public Health, 81, 1001-1006 (1991).
39. Fleiss, J. L. The Design and Analysis of Clinical Experiments, New York, 1986, p. 124.
40. Neuhaus J. M. and Segal, M. R. 'Design effects for binary regression models fitted to dependent data, Statistics in Medicine, 12, 1259-1268 (1992).
41. Liang, K. Y., Beaty, T. H. and Cohen, B. H. 'Application of odds ratio regression models for assessing familial aggregation from case-control studies', American Journal of Epidemiology, 124, 678-683 (1986).
42. Donner, A. 'Statistical methodology for paired cluster designs', American Journal of Epidemiology, 126, 972-979 (1987).
43. Von Korff, M., Koepsell, T., Curry, S. and Diehr, P. 'Multi-level analysis in epidemiologic research on health behaviors and outcomes', American Journal of Epidemiology, 135, 1077-1082 (1992).
44. Liang, K. Y. 'Extended Mantel-Haenszel estimating procedure for multivariate logistic regression models', Biometrics, 43, 289-299 (1987).
45. Gail, M. H., Byar, D. P., Pechacek, T. F. and Corle, D. K. 'Aspects of statistical design for the community intervention trial for smoking cessation (COMMIT)', Controlled Clinical Trials, 13, 6-21 (1992).
46. Smith, P. G. and Morrow, R. H. (eds.). Methods for Field Trials of Interventions Against Tropical Diseases. A Toolbox, Oxford University Press, Oxford, 1991.
47. Breslow, N. E. and Day, N. E. Statistical Methods in Cancer Research. Volume 1 - The Analysis of Case-Control Studies, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, 1980, p. 143.
48. Piepho, H. P. 'On tests for interaction in a nonreplicated two-way layout', Australian Journal of Statistics, 36, 363-369 (1994).
49. Speed F. M. and Speed, F. M. Jr. 'An ad-hoc diagnostic tool for checking for interaction in a nonreplicated experiment', Communications in Statistics - Theory and Methods, 23, 1365-1374 (1994).
50. Day, N. E. and Byar, D. P. 'Testing hypotheses in case-control studies - equivalence of Mantel-Haenszel statistics and logit score tests', Biometrics, 35, 623-630 (1979).