Emerging issue of antibiotic resistance from food producing animals in India: Perspective and legal framework

Food Reviews International

Volumn 34, Issue 5, 2018, Pages 447-462

  Moudgil, Pallavi ^a   Bedi, J S ^a   Moudgil, Aman D ^b   Gill, J P S ^a   Aulakh, R S ^a  

^a GURU ANGAD DEV VETERINARY AND ANIMAL SCIENCES UNIVERSITY   (India)

^b Chaudhary Sarwan Kumar Himachal Pradesh Krishi Vishvavidyalaya   (India)

Author keywords

antibiotic resistance; Antibiotics; foods of animal origin; India; legal framework

Indexed keywords

AGRICULTURE; ANIMALS; CHEMICAL CONTAMINATION; FOOD MICROBIOLOGY; LAWS AND LEGISLATION;

ADVERSE HEALTH EFFECTS; ANTIBIOTIC RESIDUES; ANTIBIOTIC RESISTANCE; CONTROL STRATEGIES; FOOD-PRODUCING ANIMALS; FOODS OF ANIMAL ORIGIN; INDIA; LEGAL FRAMEWORKS;

ANTIBIOTICS;

EID: 85046793756     PISSN: 87559129     EISSN: 15256103     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1080/87559129.2017.1326934     Document Type: Review

References (72)

1. Kumar, S.G.,; Adithan, C.,; Harish, B.N.,; Sujatha, S.,; Roy, G.,; Malini, A., Antimicrobial resistance in India: A review. J. Nat. Sci. Biol. Med. 2013, 4, 286–291.
2. Reardon, S., Antibiotic resistance sweeping developing world. Nature. 2014, 509, 141–142.
3. Centre for disease control and prevention. Get smart: Know when antibiotics work. Centres for Disease Control, Atlanta, GA, 2010. www.cdc.gov/Features/GetSmart (accessed October 27, 2014).
4. Food and drug administration. Task Force on Antimicrobial Resistance: Key Recommendations and Report. FDA, Washington, DC, 2000. http://www.fda.gov/downloads/ForConsumers/ConsumerUpdates/UCM143458.pdf (accessed April 18, 2015).
5. Marshall, B.M.,; Levy, S.B., Food animals and antimicrobials: Impacts on human health. Clin. Microbiol. Rev. 2011, 24, 718–733.
6. Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation. The Global Burden of Disease: Generating Evidence, Guiding Policy. Seattle, WA: IHME, 2013. http://www.healthdata.org/sites/default/files/files/policy_report/2013/GBD_GeneratingEvidence/IHME_GBD_GeneratingEvidence_FullReport.pdf (accessed July 28, 2016).
7. th Livestock Census, India. 2012. All India Report, Ministry of Agriculture, Department of Animal Husbandry, Dairying and Fisheries, Government of India. http://dahd.nic.in/dahd/WriteReadData/Livestock.pdf (accessed June 18, 2015).
8. Robinson, T.,; Francesca, P., Mapping Supply and Demand for Animal-Source Foods to 2030. FAO Animal Production and Health Working Paper, 2011. http://www.fao.org/docrep/014/i2425e/i2425e00.pdf (accessed February 6, 2015).
9. Manna, S.K.,; Brahmane, M.P.,; Manna, C.,; Batabyal, K.,; Das, R., Occurrence, virulence characteristics and antimicrobial resistance of Escherichia coli O157 in slaughtered cattle and diarrhoeic calves in West Bengal, India. Lett. Appl. Microbiol. 2006, 43, 405–409.
10. Khachatourians, G.G., Agricultural use of antibiotics and the evolution and transfer of antibiotic-resistant bacteria. Can. Med. Assoc. J. 1998, 159, 1129–1136.
11. Hao, H.,; Cheng, G.,; Iqbal, Z.,; Ai, X.,; Hussain, H.I.,; Huang, L.,; Dai, M.,; Wang, Y.,; Liu, Z.,; Yuan, Z., Benefits and risks of antimicrobial use in food-producing animals.Front. Microbiol. 2014, 5, doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2014.00288
12. Kummerer, K., Antibiotics in aquatic environment-a review-part I. Chemosphere. 2009, 75, 417–434.
13. Larson, D.G.J.,; de Pedro C.,; Paxeus, N., Effluents from drug manufacturers contains extremely high levels of pharmaceuticals. J. Hazard Mater. 2007, 148, 751–755.
14. Fick, J.,; Soderstrom, H.,; Lindberg, R.H.,; Phan, C.,; Tysklind, M.,; Larsson, D.G.J., Contamination of surface, ground and drinking water from pharmaceutical production. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 2009, 28, 2522–2527.
15. Martinez, J.L., Antibiotics and antibiotic resistant genes in natural environments. Science. 2008, 321, 365–367.
16. Knapp, C.W.,; Dolfing, J.,; Ehlert, P.A.,; Graham, D.W., Evidence of increasing antibiotic resistance genes abundance in archived soils since1940. Environ. Sci. Technol. 2010, 44, 580–587.
17. Bengtsson-Palme, J.,; Angelin, M.,; Huss, M.,; Kjellqvist, S.,; Kristiansson, E.,; Palmgren, H.,; Larsson, D.G.J.,; Johansson, A., The human gut microbiome as atransporter of antibiotic resistance genes between continents. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 2015, 59, 6551–6560.
18. Calza, P.,; Marchisio, S.,; Medana, C.,; Baiocchi, C., Fate of antibacterial spiramycin in river waters. Anal. Bioanal. Chem. 2010, 396, 1539–1550.
19. Heberer, T., Occurrence, fate, and removal of pharmaceutical residues in the aquatic environment: A review of recent research data. Toxicol. Lett. 2002, 131, 5–17.
20. O’Connor, S.,; Aga, D.S., Analysis of tetracycline antibiotics in soil: Advances in extraction, clean-up and quantification. Trends Anal. Chem. 2007, 26, 895–912.
21. Moore, P.R.,; Evenson, A.,; Luckey, T.D.,; McCoy, E.,; Elvehjem, E.A.,; Hart, E.B., Use of sulphasuccidine, streptothricin and streptomycin in nutrition studies with the chick. J. Biol. Chem. 1946, 165, 437–441.
22. Jukes, T.H.,; Stokstad, E.L.R.,; Taylor, R.R.,; Combs, T.J.,; Edwards, H.M.,; Meadows, G.B., Growth promoting effect of aureomycin on pigs. Arch. Biochem. 1950, 26,324–325.
23. Stokestad, E.L.R.,; Jukes, T.H., Further observations on the “animal protein factor.” Proc. Soc. Exp. Biol. Med. 1950, 73, 523–528.
24. Starr, M.P.,; Reynolds, D.M., Streptomycin resistance of coliform bacteria from turkeys fed streptomycin. Am. J. Publ. Health Nations Health. 1951, 41, 375–1380.
25. Barnes, E.M., 1958. The effect of antibiotic supplements on the faecal streptococci (Lancefield group D) of poultry. Br. Vet. J. 1958, 114, 333–344.
26. Elliott, S.D.,; Barnes, E.M., Changes in serological type and antibiotic resistance on Lancefield group D streptococci in chickens receiving dietary chlortetracycline. J. Gen. Microbiol. 1959, 20, 426–433.
27. Swann, M., Report of Joint Committee on the Use of Antibiotics in Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine. Her Majesty’s Stationery Office: London, UK, 1969.
28. Howells, C.H.,; Joynson, D.H., Possible role of animal feeding stuffs in spread of antibiotic-resistant intestinal coliforms. Lancet. 1975, 1,156–157.
29. Gorbach, S.L., Antimicrobial use in animal feed-time to stop. N. Engl. J. Med. 2001, 345, 1202–1203.
30. Levy, S.B., The Antibiotic Paradox: How the Misuse of Antibiotics Destroys Their Curative Powers, 2nd edn. Perseus Publishing: Cambridge, MA, 2002.
31. Levy, S.B.,; FitzGerald, G.B.,; Macone, A.B., Changes in intestinal flora of farm personnel after introduction of a tetracycline-supplemented feed on a farm. N. Engl. J. Med. 1976, 295, 583–588.
32. Page, S.W., Gautier, P., Use of antimicrobial agents in livestock. Rev. Sci. Tech. Off. Int. Epiz. 2012, 31,145–188.
33. Food and Agriculture Organization. 2008. Joint FAO/WHO/OIE Expert Meeting on critically important antimicrobials. In Report of a meeting held in FAO, 26–30 November 2007, Rome. FAO, Rome. ftp://ftp.fao.org/docrep/fao/010/i0204e/i0204e00.pdf (accessed January 15, 2015).
34. Office international des epizooties. OIE list of antimicrobials of veterinary importance. OIE, Paris, 2007. http://www.oie.int/doc/ged/D9840.PDF (accessed November 18, 2014).
35. World Health Organization. Critically important antimicrobials for human medicine, 3rd revision. WHO advisory group on integrated surveillance of antimicrobial resistance (AGISAR). Geneva, Switzerland, 2011. http://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/10665/77376/1/9789241504485_eng.pdf (accessed September 5, 2014).
36. Van Boeckel, T.P.,; Gandra, S.,; Ashok, A.,; Caudron, Q.,; Grenfell, B.T.,; Levin, S.A.,; Laxminarayan, R., Global antibiotic consumption 2000 to 2010: An analysis of national pharmaceutical sales data. Lancet Infect. Dis. 2014, 14, 742–750.
37. Van Boeckel, T.P.,; Brower, C.,; Gilbert, M.,; Grenfell, B.T.,; Levin, S.A.,; Robinson, T.P., Teillant, A.,; Laxminarayan, R., Global trends in antimicrobial use in food animals.Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 2015, 112, 5649–5654.
38. Laxminarayan, R.,; Duse, A.,; Wattal, C.,; Zaidi, A.K.M.,; Wertheim, H.F.L.,; Sumpradit, N., et al. Antibiotic resistance-the need for global solutions. Lancet. 2013, 13, 1057–1058.
39. World Health Organisation. Tackling antibiotic resistance from a food safety perspective in Europe, 2010. http://www.euro.who.int/__data/assets/pdf_file/0005/136454/e94889.pdf (accessed June 4, 2015).
40. Ganguly, N.K.,; Arora, N.K.,; Chandy, S.J.,; Fairoze, M.N.,; Gill, J.P.,; Gupta, U.,; Hossain, S.,; Joglekar, S.,; Joshi, P.C.,; Kakkar, M.,; Kotwani, A.,; Rattan, A.,; Sudarshan, H.,; Thomas, K.,; Wattal, C.,; Easton, A.,; Laxminarayan, R., Rationalizing antibiotic use to limit antibiotic resistance in India. Indian J. Med. Res. 2011, 134, 281–294.
41. Sharma, I.,; Bist, B., Antibiotic resistance in Escherichia coli isolated from raw goat, pig and poultry meat in Mathura city of northern India. Assam University Journal of Science & Technology: Biological and Environmental Sciences. 2010, 6, 89–92.
42. Pallavi; Kumar, A., Prevalence and antibiotic resistance pattern of Campylobacter speciesin foods of animal origin. Vet. World. 2014, 7, 681–684.
43. Pant, R.,; Nirwal, S.,; Rai, N., Prevalence of antibiotic resistant bacteria and analysis of microbial quality of raw milk samples collected from different regions of Dehradun. Int. J. PharmTech. Res. 2013, 5, 804–810.
44. Harsha, H.T.,; Reshmi, R.,; Rinoy, V.,; Divya, P.S.,; MujeebRahiman, K.M.,; Mohamed Hatha, A.A., Prevalence and antibiotic resistance of Salmonella from the eggs of commercial samples. J. Microbiol. Infect. Dis. 2011, 1, 93–100.
45. Singh, B.R., Prevalence of multiple drug-resistant Salmonella and E. coli in table eggs in North India. Noto-are 11636071: Medicine. 2012-05-22, 2012. pp. 1–4. http://www.notoare.com/11636071
46. Jeyasanta, K.I.,; Aiyamperumal, V.,; Patterson, J., Prevalence of antibiotic resistant Escherichia coli in sea foods of Tuticorin Coast, southeastern India. Adv. Biol. Res. 2012, 6, 70–77.
47. Roy, P.R.,; Bahadur, M.,; Barat, S., Isolation, identification and antibiotic resistance of Aeromonas species and Salmonella species from the fresh water loach, Lepidocephalichthysguntea and water of terai river lotchka, West Bengal, India. Zool. Pol. 2013, 58, 5–17.
48. Donoghue, D.J., Antibiotic residues in poultry tissues and eggs: Human health concerns? Poult. Sci. 2003, 82, 618–621.
49. Phillips, I.,; Casewell, M.,; Cox, T.,; De Groot, B.,; Friis, C.,; Jones, R.,; Nightingale, C.,; Preston, R.,; Waddell, J., Does the use of antibiotics in food animals pose a risk to human health? A critical review of published data. J. Antimicrob. Chemother. 2004, 53, 28–52.
50. Paige, J.C., Analysis of tissue residues. FDA Vet. 1994, 9, 4–6.
51. Dipeolu, M.A.,; Eruvbetine, D.,; Oguntona, E.B.,; Bankole, O.O.,; Sowunmi, K.S., Comparison of effects of antibiotics and enzyme inclusion in diets of laying birds. Arch. Zootec. 2005, 54, 3–11.
52. Nisha, A.R., Antibiotics residues- A global health hazard. Vet. World. 2008, 1,375–377.
53. Kebede, G.,; Zenebe, T.,; Disassa, H.,; Tolosa, T., Review on detection of antimicrobial residues in raw bulk milk in dairy farms. African J. Basic and Appl. Sci. 2014, 6, 87–97.
54. Redding, L., Understanding the use of antibiotics on small dairy farms in rural Peru. Publicly Accessible Penn Dissertations. Paper 1414, 2014. http://repository.upenn.edu/edissertations/1414 (accessed April13, 2015).
55. Codex alimentarius commission. Joint FAO/WHO food standards programme 35th Session Rome, Italy, 2–7 July 2012. http://www.codexalimentarius.org/input/download/report/780/REP12_EX2e.pdf (accessed November 8, 2014).
56. Sudershan, R.V.,; Bhat, R.V., A survey on veterinary drug use and residues in milk in Hyderabad. Food Addit. Contam. 1995, 12, 645–650.
57. Biswas, A.K.,; Rao, G.S.,; Kondaiah, N.,; Anjaneyulu, A.S.R.,; Mendiratta, S.K.,; Prasad, R.,; Malik, J.K., A simple multi-residue method for determination of oxytetracycline, tetracycline and chlortetracycline in export buffalo meat by HPLC-photodiode array detector. J. Food Drug Anal. 2007, 15, 278–284.
58. Swapna, K.M.,; Rajesh, R.,; Lakshmanan, P.T., Incidence of antibiotic residues in farmed shrimps from the southern states of India. Indian J. Geo-Marine Sci. 2012, 41, 344–347.
59. Dinki, N.,; Balcha, E., Detection of antibiotic residues and determination of microbial quality of raw milk from milk collection centres. Adv. Anim. Vet. Sci. 2013, 1, 80–83.
60. Gaurav, A.,; Gill, J.P.S.,; Aulakh, R.S.,; Bedi, J.S., ELISA based monitoring and analysis of tetracycline residues in cattle milk in Punjab. Vet. World. 2014, 7, 26–29.
61. Centre for Science and Education. Antibiotics in Chicken Meat. Centre for Science and Environment, 2014. http://www.cseindia.org/userfiles/Antibiotics%20in%20Chicken_Lab%20Report_Final%2029%20July.pdf (accessed November 5, 2014).
62. Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Government of India. National policy for containment of antimicrobial resistance-India, 2011. http://www.ncdc.gov.in/ab_policy.pdf (accessed March 23, 2015).
63. Centre for disease dynamics, economics and policy. The Global Antibiotic Resistance Partnership (GARP). http://www.cddep.org/sites/default/files/garp_factsheet.pdf (accessed March 7, 2015).
64. Centre for Disease Dynamics, Economics and Policy. Policies to Address Antibiotic Resistance in Low and Middle-Income Countries, 2014. http://www.cddep.org/sites/default/files/abrinlmics_cddep_gelband_and_delahoy_9-14.pdf (accessed June 26, 2015).
65. Ghafur, A.,; Mathai, D.,; Muruganathan, A.,; Jayalal, J.A.,; Kant, R.,; Chaudhary, D.,; et al. The Chennai Declaration: A roadmap- to tackle the challenge of antimicrobial resistance. Indian J. Cancer. 2013, 50, 71–73.
66. Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Government of India. The Gazette of India. 441, Part II 3 (i), August 30, 2013. http://www.cdsco.nic.in/588E.pdf (accessed March 7, 2014).
67. Davies, S.C.,; Fowler, T.,; Watson, J.,; Livermore, D.M.,; Walker, D., Annual report of the chief medical officer: Infection and the rise of antimicrobial resistance. Lancet. 2013, 381, 1606–1609.
68. World Health Organization. Prevention and containment of antimicrobial resistance. Report of a regional meeting Chiang Mai, Thailand, 8th to 11th of June 2010. http://www.searo.who.int/LinkFiles/BCT_Reports_SEA-HLM-408.pdf (accessed May 17, 2015).
69. Drugs and Cosmetics (2ND AMENDMENT) RULES). Department of Health. New Delhi: Ministry of Health and Family Welfare of GOI in The Gazette of India(extraordinary) Part-II, section 3, sub-section (i) vide G.S.R. 160(E), dated 16th March, 2006. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schedule_H (accessed January 12, 2016).
70. Food Safety and Standards Authority of India. 2011. http://www.fssai.gov.in/Portals/0/Pdf/Food%20safety%20and%20standards%20(contaminats,%20toxins%20and%20residues)%20regulation,%202011.pdf (accessed January 15, 2015).
71. Export Inspection Council of India. Approval and monitoring of processing/storing establishments for export: Egg products. New Delhi. (updated 2007; cited 2011 20 June), 2007. http://www.eicindia.org/eic/inspection/egg.pdf (accessed May 11, 2015).
72. Export Inspection Council of India. Ministry of commerce and industry, Government of India. Residue Monitoring Plan for export of fresh poultry meat and poultry meat products to European Union, 2015. http://www.eicindia.gov.in/services/Pre-Compliance/PDF/RMP-2015-16-POULTRY MEAT PRODUCTS.pdf (accessed September 11, 2015).