Pharmacologic interventions for fatigue in cancer and transplantation: A meta-analysis

Current Oncology

Volumn 25, Issue 2, 2018, Pages e152-e167

  Tomlinson, D ^a   Robinson, P D ^b   Oberoi, S ^b   Cataudella, D ^c   Culos Reed, N ^d   Davis, H ^a   Duong, N ^a   Gibson, F ^e,f   Gotte M ^g   Hinds, P ^h,i   Nijhof, S L ^j   Van Der Torre, P ^j   Cabral, S ^b   Dupuis, L L ^a   Sung, Lillian ^a  

^a HOSPITAL FOR SICK CHILDREN   (Canada)

^b PEDIATRIC ONCOLOGY GROUP OF ONTARIO   (Canada)

^c LONDON HEALTH SCIENCES CENTRE   (Canada)

^d UNIVERSITY OF CALGARY   (Canada)

^e GREAT ORMOND STREET HOSPITAL   (United Kingdom)

^f UNIVERSITY OF SURREY   (United Kingdom)

^g UNIVERSITY HOSPITAL ESSEN   (Germany)

^h CHILDREN'S NATIONAL MEDICAL CENTER   (United States)

ⁱ GEORGE WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF MEDICINE AND HEALTH SCIENCES   (United States)

^j UNIVERSITY MEDICAL CENTER UTRECHT   (Netherlands)

more..

Author keywords

Cancer related fatigue; Corticosteroids; Drugs; Erythropoietin; Fatigue; Meta analyses; Pharmacologic agents; Stimulants

Indexed keywords

ANTIDEPRESSANT AGENT; APPETITE STIMULANT; ARMODAFINIL; CARNITINE; CORTICOSTEROID; ERYTHROPOIETIN; METHYLPHENIDATE; MODAFINIL; CENTRAL STIMULANT AGENT; EPO PROTEIN, HUMAN;

CANCER DIAGNOSIS; CENTRAL TENDENCY BIAS; DATA ANALYSIS; FATIGUE; FUNCTIONAL ASSESSMENT; HEMATOPOIETIC STEM CELL TRANSPLANTATION; HUMAN; MALIGNANT NEOPLASM; META ANALYSIS; OUTCOME ASSESSMENT; PALLIATIVE THERAPY; PROFILE OF MOOD STATES; QUALITY OF LIFE; RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL (TOPIC); REVIEW; SYSTEMATIC REVIEW; VISUAL ANALOG SCALE; COMPLICATION; NEOPLASM; SEVERITY OF ILLNESS INDEX;

CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM STIMULANTS; ERYTHROPOIETIN; FATIGUE; HEMATOPOIETIC STEM CELL TRANSPLANTATION; HUMANS; METHYLPHENIDATE; NEOPLASMS; SEVERITY OF ILLNESS INDEX;

EID: 85046302712     PISSN: None     EISSN: 17187729     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.3747/co.25.3883     Document Type: Review

References (152)

1. Weis J. Cancer-related fatigue: prevalence, assessment and treatment strategies. Expert Rev Pharmacoecon Outcomes Res 2011;11:441–6.
2. Tomlinson D, Hinds PS, Ethier MC, Ness KK, Zupanec S, Sung L. Psychometric properties of instruments used to measure fatigue in children and adolescents with cancer: a systematic review. J Pain Symptom Manage 2013;45:83–91.
3. Wu HS, McSweeney M. Cancer-related fatigue: “It’s so much more than just being tired.” Eur J Oncol Nurs 2007;11:117–25.
4. Henry DH, Viswanathan HN, Elkin EP, Traina S, Wade S, Cella D. Symptoms and treatment burden associated with cancer treatment: results from a cross-sectional national survey in the U.S. Support Care Cancer 2008;16:791–801.
5. Hofman M, Ryan JL, Figueroa-Moseley CD, Jean-Pierre P, Morrow GR. Cancer-related fatigue: the scale of the problem. Oncologist 2007;12(suppl 1):4–10.
6. Mustian KM, Palesh O, Heckler CE, et al. Cancer-related fatigue interferes with activities of daily living among 753 patients receiving chemotherapy: a urcc ccop study [abstract 9500]. J Clin Oncol 2008;26:. [Available online at: http://ascopubs.org/doi/abs/10.1200/jco.2008.26.15_suppl.9500; cited 24 March 2018]
7. Wang XS, Zhao F, Fisch MJ, et al. Prevalence and characteristics of moderate to severe fatigue: a multicenter study in cancer patients and survivors. Cancer 2014;120:425–32.
8. Linder LA. Developmental diversity in symptom research involving children and adolescents with cancer. J Pediatr Nurs 2008;23:296–309.
9. Ream E, Gibson F, Edwards J, Seption B, Mulhall A, Richardson A. Experience of fatigue in adolescents living with cancer. Cancer Nurs 2006;29:317–26.
10. Berger AM, Mooney K, Alvarez-Perez A, et al. Cancer-related fatigue, version 2.2015. J Natl Compr Canc Netw 2015; 13:1012–39.
11. Wagner LI, Cella D. Fatigue and cancer: causes, prevalence and treatment approaches. Br J Cancer 2004;91:822–8.
12. Tonosaki A. The long-term effects after hematopoietic stem cell transplant on leg muscle strength, physical inactivity and fatigue. Eur J Oncol Nurs 2012;16:475–82.
13. Graef DM, Phipps S, Parris KR, et al. Sleepiness, fatigue, behavioral functioning, and quality of life in survivors of childhood hematopoietic stem cell transplant. J Pediatr Psychol 2016;41:600–9.
14. Hilfiker R, Meichtry A, Eicher M, et al. Exercise and other non-pharmaceutical interventions for cancer-related fatigue in patients during or after cancer treatment: a systematic review incorporating an indirect-comparisons meta-analysis. Br J Sports Med 2017;:[Epub ahead of print].
15. Keilani M, Hasenoehrl T, Baumann L, et al. Effects of resistance exercise in prostate cancer patients: a meta-analysis. Support Care Cancer 2017;25:2953–68.
16. Lipsett A, Barrett S, Haruna F, Mustian K, O’Donovan A. The impact of exercise during adjuvant radiotherapy for breast cancer on fatigue and quality of life: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Breast 2017;32:144–55.
17. Mishra SI, Scherer RW, Geigle PM, et al. Exercise interventions on health-related quality of life for cancer survivors. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2012;:CD007566.
18. Mustian KM, Alfano CM, Heckler C, et al. Comparison of pharmaceutical, psychological, and exercise treatments for cancer-related fatigue: a meta-analysis. JAMA Oncol 2017;3:961–8.
19. Pearson EJ, Morris ME, di Stefano M, McKinstry CE. Interventions for cancer-related fatigue: a scoping review. Eur J Cancer Care (Engl) 2018;27:e12516.
20. Yennurajalingam S, Bruera E. Review of clinical trials of pharmacologic interventions for cancer-related fatigue: focus on psychostimulants and steroids. Cancer J 2014;20:319–24.
21. Zhang Q, Zhang L, Yin R, Fu T, Chen H, Shen B. Effectiveness of telephone-based interventions on health-related quality of life and prognostic outcomes in breast cancer patients and survivors—a meta-analysis. Eur J Cancer Care (Engl) 2018;27:e12632.
22. Minton O, Richardson A, Sharpe M, Hotopf M, Stone P. Drug therapy for the management of cancer-related fatigue. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2010;:CD006704.
23. Shamseer L, Moher D, Clarke M, et al. on behalf of the prisma-p group. Preferred reporting items for systematic review and meta-analysis protocols (prisma-p) 2015: elaboration and explanation. BMJ 2015;349:g7647.
24. Koch GG, Landis JR, Freeman JL, Freeman DH Jr., Lehnen RC. A general methodology for the analysis of experiments with repeated measurement of categorical data. Biometrics 1977;33:133–58.
25. Higgins JPT, Green S, eds. Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions. Ver. 5.1.0. London, UK: The Cochrane Collaboration; 2011. [Available online at: http://training.cochrane.org/handbook; cited 15 August 2017]
26. Schulz KF, Chalmers I, Hayes RJ, Altman DG. Empirical evidence of bias. Dimensions of methodological quality associated with estimates of treatment effects in controlled trials. JAMA 1995;273:408–12.
27. Duval S, Tweedie R. Trim and fill: a simple funnel-plot-based method of testing and adjusting for publication bias in metaanalysis. Biometrics 2000;56:455–63.
28. Johansson JE, Wersäll P, Brandberg Y, Andersson SO, Nordström L on behalf of the epo-Study group. Efficacy of epoetin beta on hemoglobin, quality of life, and transfusion needs in patients with anemia due to hormone-refractory prostate cancer—a randomized study. Scand J Urol Nephrol 2001;35:288–94.
29. Littlewood TJ, Bajetta E, Nortier JW, Vercammen E, Rapoport B on behalf of the Epoetin Alfa Study Group. Effects of epoetin alfa on hematologic parameters and quality of life in cancer patients receiving nonplatinum chemotherapy: results of a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. J Clin Oncol 2001;19:2865–74.
30. Osterborg A, Brandberg Y, Molostova V, et al. Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of recombinant human erythropoietin, epoetin beta, in hematologic malignancies. J Clin Oncol 2002;20:2486–94.
31. Vansteenkiste J, Pirker R, Massuti B, et al. on behalf of the Aranesp 980297 study group. Double-blind, placebocontrolled, randomized phase III trial of darbepoetin alfa in lung cancer patients receiving chemotherapy. J Natl Cancer Inst 2002;94:1211–20.
32. Boogaerts M, Coiffier B, Kainz C on behalf of the Epoetin Beta QOL Working Group. Impact of epoetin beta on quality of life in patients with malignant disease. Br J Cancer 2003;88:988–95.
33. Glaspy JA, Jadeja JS, Justice G, Fleishman A, Rossi G, Colowick AB. A randomized, active-control, pilot trial of front-loaded dosing regimens of darbepoetin-alfa for the treatment of patients with anemia during chemotherapy for malignant disease. Cancer 2003;97:1312–20.
34. Glossmann J, Engert A, Wassmer G, et al. Recombinant human erythropoietin, epoetin beta, in patients with relapsed lymphoma treated with aggressive sequential salvage chemotherapy—results of a randomized trial. Ann Hematol 2003;82:469–75.
35. Iconomou G, Koutras A, Rigopoulos A, Vagenakis AG, Kalofonos HP. Effect of recombinant human erythropoietin on quality of life in cancer patients receiving chemotherapy: results of a randomized, controlled trial. J Pain Symptom Manage 2003;25:512–18.
36. Kotasek D, Steger G, Faught W, et al. on behalf of the Aranesp 980291 study group. Darbepoetin alfa administered every 3 weeks alleviates anaemia in patients with solid tumours receiving chemotherapy; results of a double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomised study. Eur J Cancer 2003;39:2026–34.
37. Smith RE Jr., Tchekmedyian NS, Chan D, et al. A dose- and schedule-finding study of darbepoetin alpha for the treatment of chronic anaemia of cancer. Br J Cancer 2003;88:1851–8.
38. Chang J, Couture FA, Young SD, Lau CY, Lee McWatters K. Weekly administration of epoetin alfa improves cognition and quality of life in patients with breast cancer receiving chemotherapy. Support Cancer Ther 2004;2:52–8.
39. Leyland-Jones B, Semiglazov V, Pawlicki M, et al. Maintaining normal hemoglobin levels with epoetin alfa in mainly nonanemic patients with metastatic breast cancer receiving first-line chemotherapy: a survival study. J Clin Oncol 2005;23:5960–72.
40. O’Shaughnessy JA, Vukelja SJ, Holmes FA, et al. Feasibility of quantifying the effects of epoetin alfa therapy on cognitive function in women with breast cancer undergoing adjuvant or neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Clin Breast Cancer 2005;5:439–46.
41. Witzig T, Silberstein P, Loprinzi C, et al. Phase III, randomized, double-blind study of epoetin alfa compared with placebo in anemic patients receiving chemotherapy. J Clin Oncol 2005:23:2606–17.
42. Littlewood TJ, Kallich JD, San Miguel J, Hendricks L, Hedenus M. Efficacy of darbepoetin alfa in alleviating fatigue and the effect of fatigue on quality of life in anemic patients with lymphoproliferative malignancies. J Pain Symptom Manage 2006;31:317–25.
43. Morishima Y, Ogura M, Yoneda S, et al. on behalf of the Japan Erythropoietin Study Group. Once-weekly epoetinbeta improves hemoglobin levels in cancer patients with chemotherapy-induced anemia: a randomized, double-blind, dose-finding study. Jpn J Clin Oncol 2006;36:655–61.
44. Norager CB, Jensen MB, Madsen MR, Qvist N, Laurberg S. Effect of darbepoetin alfa on physical function in patients undergoing surgery for colorectal cancer. A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. Oncology 2006;71:212–20.
45. Savonije JH, van Groeningen CJ, Wormhoudt LW, Giaccone G. Early intervention with epoetin alfa during platinum-based chemotherapy: an analysis of the results of a multicenter, randomized, controlled trial based on initial hemoglobin level. Oncologist 2006;11:206–16.
46. Straus DJ, Testa MA, Sarokhan BJ, et al. Quality-of-life and health benefits of early treatment of mild anemia: a randomized trial of epoetin alfa in patients receiving chemotherapy for hematologic malignancies. Cancer 2006;107:1909–17.
47. Wilkinson PM, Antonopoulos M, Lahousen M, Lind M, Kosmidis P on behalf of the epo-int-45 study group. Epoetin alfa in platinum-treated ovarian cancer patients: results of a multinational, multicentre, randomised trial. Br J Cancer 2006;94:947–54.
48. Charu V, Belani CP, Gill AN, et al. Efficacy and safety of every- 2-week darbepoetin alfa in patients with anemia of cancer: a controlled, randomized, open-label phase II trial. Oncologist 2007;12:727–37.
49. Charu V, Saidman B, Ben-Jacob A, et al. A randomized, open-label, multicenter trial of immediate versus delayed intervention with darbepoetin alfa for chemotherapy-induced anemia. Oncologist 2007;12:1253–63.
50. Zemelka T, Rolski J, Ziobro M, Michalczyk A. Opinion on influence of erythropoietin on quality of life and survival in patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer [Polish]. Contemp Oncol (Pozn) 2007;11:37–40.
51. Heras P, Krit ikos K, Hatzopoulos A, Mitsibounas D. Once-weekly epoetin beta therapy in patients with solid tumours and chemotherapy-induced anaemia: a randomized, double-blind, dose-finding study. Eur J Cancer Care (Engl) 2008;17:619–23.
52. Hoskin PJ, Robinson M, Slevin N, Morgan D, Harrington K, Gaffney C. Effect of epoetin alfa on survival and cancer treatment-related anemia and fatigue in patients receiving radical radiotherapy with curative intent for head and neck cancer. J Clin Oncol 2009;27:5751–6.
53. Tsuboi M, Ezaki K, Tobinai K, Ohashi Y, Saijo N. Weekly administration of epoetin beta for chemotherapy-induced anemia in cancer patients: results of a multicenter, phase iii, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. Jpn J Clin Oncol 2009;39:163–8.
54. Auerbach M, Silberstein PT, Webb RT, et al. Darbepoetin alfa 300 or 500 μg once every 3 weeks with or without intravenous iron in patients with chemotherapy-induced anemia. Am J Hematol 2010;85:655–63.
55. Engert A, Josting A, Haverkamp H, et al. Epoetin alfa in patients with advanced-stage Hodgkin’s lymphoma: results of the randomized placebo-controlled ghsg hd15epo trial. J Clin Oncol 2010;28:2239–45.
56. Ichinose Y, Seto T, Nishiwaki Y, et al. Randomized phase 2 dose-finding study of weekly administration of darbepoetin alpha in anemic patients with lung or ovarian cancer receiving multicycle platinum-containing chemotherapy. Jpn J Clin Oncol 2010;40:521–9.
57. Pronzato P, Cortesi E, van der Rijt CC, et al. Epoetin alfa improves anemia and anemia-related, patient-reported outcomes in patients with breast cancer receiving myelotoxic chemotherapy: results of a European, multicenter, randomized, controlled trial. Oncologist 2010;15:935–43.
58. Milroy R, Bajetta E, van den Berg PM, et al. Effects of epoetin alfa on anemia and patient-reported outcomes in patients with non–small cell lung cancer receiving chemotherapy: results of a European, multicenter, randomized, controlled study. Eur J Clin Med Oncol 2011;3:49–56.
59. Bruera E, Valero V, Driver L, et al. Patient-controlled methylphenidate for cancer fatigue: a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial. J Clin Oncol 2006;24:2073–8.
60. Butler JM Jr., Case LD, Atkins J, et al. A phase III, double-blind, placebo-controlled prospective randomized clinical trial of d-threo-methylphenidate HCl in brain tumor patients receiving radiation therapy. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2007;69:1496–501.
61. Mar Fan HG, Clemons M, Xu W, et al. A randomised, placebocontrolled, double-blind trial of the effects of d-methylphenidate on fatigue and cognitive dysfunction in women undergoing adjuvant chemotherapy for breast cancer. Support Care Cancer 2008;16:577–83.
62. Auret KA, Schug SA, Bremner AP, Bulsara M. A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial assessing the impact of dexamphetamine on fatigue in patients with advanced cancer. J Pain Symptom Manage 2009;37:613–21.
63. Lower EE, Fleishman S, Cooper A, et al. Efficacy of dexmethylphenidate for the treatment of fatigue after cancer chemotherapy: a randomized clinical trial. J Pain Symptom Manage 2009;38:650–62.
64. Moraska AR, Sood A, Dakhil SR, et al. Phase III, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study of long-acting methylphenidate for cancer-related fatigue: North Central Cancer Treatment Group ncctg-n05c7 trial. J Clin Oncol 2010;28:3673–9.
65. Roth AJ, Nelson C, Rosenfeld B, et al. Methylphenidate for fatigue in ambulatory men with prostate cancer. Cancer 2010;116:5102–10.
66. Gehring K, Patwardhan S, Collins R, et al. A randomized trial on the efficacy of methylphenidate and modafinil for improving cognitive functioning and symptoms in patients with a primary brain tumor. J Neurooncol 2012;107:165–74.
67. Kerr CW, Drake J, Milch RA, et al. Effects of methylphenidate on fatigue and depression: a randomized, double-blind, placebo controlled trial. J Pain Symptom Manage 2012;43:68–77.
68. Bruera E, Yennurajalingam S, Palmer JL, et al. Methylphenidate and/or a nursing telephone intervention for fatigue in patients with advanced cancer: a randomized, placebocontrolled, phase II trial. J Clin Oncol 2013;31:2421–7.
69. Suh S, Choi Y, Oh S, et al. Caffeine as an adjuvant therapy to opioids in cancer pain: a randomized, double-blind, placebocontrolled trial. J Pain Symptom Manage 2013;46:474–82.
70. Hovey E, de Souza P, Marx G, et al. on behalf of the motif investigators. Phase III, randomized, double-blind, placebocontrolled study of modafinil for fatigue in patients treated with docetaxel-based chemotherapy. Support Care Cancer 2014;22:1233–42.
71. Spathis A, Fife K, Blackhall F, et al. Modafinil for the treatment of fatigue in lung cancer: results of a placebo-controlled, double-blind, randomized trial. J Clin Oncol 2014;32:1882–8.
72. Berenson JR, Yellin O, Shamasunder HK, et al. A phase 3 trial of armodafinil for the treatment of cancer-related fatigue for patients with multiple myeloma. Support Care Cancer 2015;23:1503–12.
73. Page BR, Shaw EG, Lu L, et al. Phase II double-blind placebocontrolled randomized study of armodafinil for brain radiationinduced fatigue. Neuro Oncol 2015;17:1393–401.
74. Richard PO, Fleshner NE, Bhatt JR, Hersey KM, Chahin R, Alibhai SM. Phase II, randomised, double-blind, placebocontrolled trial of methylphenidate for reduction of fatigue levels in patients with prostate cancer receiving LHRH-agonist therapy. BJU Int 2015;116:744–52.
75. Heckler CE, Garland SN, Peoples AR, et al. Cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia, but not armodafinil, improves fatigue in cancer survivors with insomnia: a randomized placebocontrolled trial. Support Care Cancer 2016;24:2059–66.
76. Jean-Pierre P, Morrow GR, Roscoe JA, et al. A phase 3 randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind, clinical trial of the effect of modafinil on cancer-related fatigue among 631 patients receiving chemotherapy: a University of Rochester Cancer Center Community Clinical Oncology Program Research Base study. Cancer 2010;116:3513–20.
77. Lee EQ, Muzikansky A, Drappatz J, et al. A randomized, placebo-controlled pilot trial of armodafinil for fatigue in patients with gliomas undergoing radiotherapy. Neuro Oncol 2016;18:849–54.
78. Inoue A, Yamada Y, Matsumura Y, et al. Randomized study of dexamethasone treatment for delayed emesis, anorexia and fatigue induced by irinotecan. Support Care Cancer 2003;11:528–32.
79. Zargar-Shoshtari K, Sammour T, Kahokehr A, Connolly AB, Hill AG. Randomized clinical trial of the effect of glucocorticoids on peritoneal inflammation and postoperative recovery after colectomy. Br J Surg 2009;96:1253–61.
80. Yennurajalingam S, Frisbee-Hume S, Palmer JL, et al. Reduction of cancer-related fatigue with dexamethasone: a double- blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial in patients with advanced cancer. J Clin Oncol 2013;31:3076–82.
81. Paulsen O, Klepstad P, Rosland JH, et al. Efficacy of methylprednisolone on pain, fatigue, and appetite loss in patients with advanced cancer using opioids: a randomized, placebo- controlled, double-blind trial. J Clin Oncol 2014;32:3221–8.
82. Eguchi K, Honda M, Kataoka T, et al. Efficacy of corticosteroids for cancer-related fatigue: a pilot randomized placebocontrolled trial of advanced cancer patients. Palliat Support Care 2015;13:1301–8.
83. Cruciani RA, Dvorkin E, Homel P, et al. L-Carnitine supplementation in patients with advanced cancer and carnitine deficiency: a double-blind, placebo-controlled study. J Pain Symptom Manage 2009;37:622–31.
84. Mantovani G, Maccio A, Madeddu C, et al. Randomized phase III clinical trial of five different arms of treatment in 332 patients with cancer cachexia. Oncologist 2010; 15:200–11.
85. Cruciani RA, Zhang JJ, Manola J, Cella D, Ansari B, Fisch MJ. L-Carnitine supplementation for the management of fatigue in patients with cancer: an Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group phase III, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. J Clin Oncol 2012;30:3864–9.
86. Kraft M, Kraft K, Lerch MM. L-Carnitine—more than just a supportive therapy in the treatment of advanced pancreas carcinoma? (carpan trial) [German]. Deutsche Zeitschrift für Onkologie 2012;44:103–8.
87. Hershman D, Unger J, Crew K, et al. Randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trial of acetyl-l-carnitine for the prevention of taxane-induced neuropathy in women undergoing adjuvant breast cancer therapy. J Clin Oncol 2013;31:2627–33.
88. Iwase S, Kawaguchi T, Yotsumoto D, et al. Efficacy and safety of an amino acid jelly containing coenzyme Q10 and l-carnitine in controlling fatigue in breast cancer patients receiving chemotherapy: a multi-institutional, randomized, exploratory trial (jortc-cam01). Support Care Cancer 2016;24:637–46.
89. Capuron L, Gumnick J, Musselman D, et al. Neurobehavioral effects of interferon-alpha in cancer patients: phenomenology and paroxetine responsiveness of symptom dimensions. Neuropsychopharmacology 2002;26:643–52.
90. Morrow GR, Hickok JT, Roscoe JA, et al. on behalf of the University of Rochester Cancer Center Community Clinical Oncology Program. Differential effects of paroxetine on fatigue and depression: a randomized, double-blind trial from the University of Rochester Cancer Center Community Clinical Oncology Program. J Clin Oncol 2003;21:4635–41.
91. Roscoe JA, Morrow GR, Hickok JT, et al. Effect of paroxetine hydrochloride (Paxil) on fatigue and depression in breast cancer patients receiving chemotherapy. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2005;89:243–9.
92. Stockler M, O’Connell R, Nowak A, et al. on behalf of the Zoloft’s Effects on Symptoms and Survival Time Trial group. Effect of sertraline on symptoms and survival in patients with advanced cancer, but without major depression: a placebo-controlled double-blind randomised trial. Lancet Oncol 2007;8:603–12.
93. Heras P, Kritikos K, Hatzopoulos A, Kritikos N, Heras V, Mitsibounas D. The role of paroxetine in fatigue and depression of patients under chemotherapeutic treatment. Am J Ther 2013;20:254–6.
94. Simons JP, Aaronson NK, Vansteenkiste JF, et al. Effects of medroxyprogesterone acetate on appetite, weight, and quality of life in advanced-stage non-hormone-sensitive cancer: a placebo-controlled multicenter study. J Clin Oncol 1996;14:1077–84.
95. De Conno F, Martini C, Zecca E, et al. Megestrol acetate for anorexia in patients with far-advanced cancer: a double-blind controlled clinical trial. Eur J Cancer 1998;34:1705–9.
96. Westman G, Bergman B, Albertsson M, et al. Megestrol acetate in advanced, progressive, hormone-insensitive cancer. Effects on the quality of life: a placebo-controlled, randomised, multicentre trial. Eur J Cancer 1999;35:586–95.
97. Barton DL, Soori GS, Bauer BA, et al. Pilot study of Panax quinquefolius (American ginseng) to improve cancer-related fatigue: a randomized, double-blind, dose-finding evaluation: ncctg trial n03ca. Support Care Cancer 2010;18:179–87.
98. Barton DL, Liu H, Dakhil SR, et al. Wisconsin ginseng (Panax quinquefolius) to improve cancer-related fatigue: a randomized, double-blind trial, n07c2. J Natl Cancer Inst 2013;105:1230–8.
99. Agteresch HJ, Dagnelie PC, van der Gaast A, Stijnen T, Wilson JH. Randomized clinical trial of adenosine 5′-triphosphate in patients with advanced non-small-cell lung cancer. J Natl Cancer Inst 2000;92:321–8.
100. Beijer S, Hupperets PS, van den Borne BE, et al. Randomized clinical trial on the effects of adenosine 5′-triphosphate infusions on quality of life, functional status, and fatigue in preterminal cancer patients. J Pain Symptom Manage 2010;40:520–30.
101. Cerchietti LC, Navigante AH, Castro MA. Effects of eicosapentaenoic and docosahexaenoic n-3 fatty acids from fish oil and preferential Cox-2 inhibition on systemic syndromes in patients with advanced lung cancer. Nutr Cancer 2007;59:14–20.
102. Maccio A, Madeddu C, Gramignano G, et al. A randomized phase iii clinical trial of a combined treatment for cachexia in patients with gynecological cancers: evaluating the impact on metabolic and inflammatory profiles and quality of life. Gynecol Oncol 2012;124:417–25.
103. Bruera E, El Osta B, Valero V, et al. Donepezil for cancer fatigue: a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial. J Clin Oncol 2007;25:3475–81.
104. Lawrence JA, Griffin L, Balcueva EP, et al. A study of donepezil in female breast cancer survivors with self-reported cognitive dysfunction 1 to 5 years following adjuvant chemotherapy. J Cancer Surviv 2016;10:176–84.
105. Sun H, Li ZD, Wang W, Zhang Y, Li Y, Li P. A randomized controlled trial on Ren-shen-yang-rong decoction for improving fatigue in cancer patients who are receiving chemotherapy [Chinese]. Chin J Basic Med in Trad Chin Med 2010;16:155–7.
106. Kuo WH, Yao CA, Lin CH, Chang KJ. Safety and efficacy of tien-hsien liquid practical in patients with refractory metastatic breast cancer: a randomized, double-blind, placebo- controlled, parallel-group, phase iia trial. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med 2012;2012:803239.
107. Zhao H, Zhang Q, Zhao L, Huang X, Wang J, Kang X. Spore powder of Ganoderma lucidum improves cancer-related fatigue in breast cancer patients undergoing endocrine therapy: a pilot clinical trial. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med 2012;2012:809614.
108. Xue D, Han S, Jiang S, et al. Comprehensive geriatric assessment and traditional Chinese medicine intervention benefit symptom control in elderly patients with advanced non–small cell lung cancer. Med Oncol 2015;32:114.
109. Young L, Bye R, Scheltinga M, Ziegler T, Jacobs D, Wilmore D. Patients receiving glutamine-supplemented intravenous feedings report an improvement in mood. JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr 2012;17:422–7.
110. Borghardt J, Rosien B, Gortelmeyer R, Lindemann S, Hartleb M, Klingmuller M. Effects of a spleen peptide preparation as supportive therapy in inoperable head and neck cancer patients. Arzneimittelforschung 2000;50:178–84.
111. Martin T, Uhder K, Kurek R, et al. Does prophylactic treatment with proteolytic enzymes reduce acute toxicity of adjuvant pelvic irradiation? Results of a double-blind randomized trial. Radiother Oncol 2002;65:17–22.
112. Bruera E, Strasser F, Palmer JL, et al. Effect of fish oil on appetite and other symptoms in patients with advanced cancer and anorexia/cachexia: a double-blind, placebo-controlled study. J Clin Oncol 2003;21:129–34.
113. Diel IJ, Body JJ, Lichinitser MR, et al. on behalf of the MF 4265 study group. Improved quality of life after long-term treatment with the bisphosphonate ibandronate in patients with metastatic bone disease due to breast cancer. Eur J Cancer 2004;40:1704–12.
114. Monk JP, Phillips G, Waite R, et al. Assessment of tumor necrosis factor alpha blockade as an intervention to improve tolerability of dose-intensive chemotherapy in cancer patients. J Clin Oncol 2006;24:1852–9.
115. Semiglazov VF, Stepula VV, Dudov A, Schnitker J, Mengs U. Quality of life is improved in breast cancer patients by standardised mistletoe extract PS76A2 during chemotherapy and follow-up: a randomised, placebo-controlled, double-blind, multicentre clinical trial. Anticancer Res 2006;26:1519–29.
116. Berk L, James J, Schwartz A, et al. A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of a beta-hydroxyl beta-methyl butyrate, glutamine, and arginine mixture for the treatment of cancer cachexia (rtog 0122). Support Care Cancer 2008;16:1179–88.
117. Troger W, Jezdic S, Zdrale Z, Tisma N, Hamre HJ, Matijasevic M. Quality of life and neutropenia in patients with early stage breast cancer: a randomized pilot study comparing additional treatment with mistletoe extract to chemotherapy alone. Breast Cancer (Auckl) 2009;3:35–45.
118. Jeong JS, Ryu BH, Kim JS, Park JW, Choi WC, Yoon SW. Bojungikki- tang for cancer-related fatigue: a pilot randomized clinical trial. Integ Cancer Ther 2010;9:331–8.
119. Tian JH, Liu LS, Shi ZM, Zhou ZY, Wang L. A randomized controlled pilot trial of “Feiji recipe” on quality of life of non–small cell lung cancer patients. Am J Chin Med 2010;38:15–25.
120. Anthony LB, Gabrail NY, Ghazal H, et al. IV iron sucrose for cancer and/or chemotherapy-induced anemia in patients treated with erythropoiesis stimulating agents. Community Oncol 2011;8:270–8.
121. Barton DL, Atherton PJ, Bauer BA, et al. The use of Valeriana officinalis (valerian) in improving sleep in patients who are undergoing treatment for cancer: a phase iii randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind study (ncctg trial, n01c5). J Support Oncol 2011;9:24–31.
122. Dimsdale JE, Ball ED, Carrier E, et al. Effect of eszopiclone on sleep, fatigue, and pain in patients with mucositis associated with hematologic malignancies. Support Care Cancer 2011;19:2015–20.
123. Ikeguchi M, Yamamoto M, Arai Y, et al. Fucoidan reduces the toxicities of chemotherapy for patients with unresectable advanced or recurrent colorectal cancer. Oncol Lett 2011;2:319–22.
124. Chen HW, Lin IH, Chen YJ, et al. A novel infusible botanicallyderived drug, PG2, for cancer-related fatigue: a phase II doubleblind, randomized placebo-controlled study. Clin Invest Med 2012;35:E1–11.
125. Zhang JL, Yang L, Tan QH. Bukangling combined with chemotherapy improves quality of life in patients with middle advanced stage non–small cell lung cancer [Chinese]. Journal of Practical Oncology 2012;27:182–4.
126. Del Fabbro E, Garcia JM, Dev R, et al. Testosterone replacement for fatigue in hypogonadal ambulatory males with advanced cancer: a preliminary double-blind placebocontrolled trial. Support Care Cancer 2013;21:2599–607.
127. del Giglio AB, Cubero Dde I, Lerner TG, et al. Purified dry extract of Paullinia cupana (guarana) (PC-18) for chemotherapyrelated fatigue in patients with solid tumors: an early discontinuation study. J Diet Suppl 2013;10:325–34.
128. Lesser GJ, Case D, Stark N, et al. on behalf of the Wake Forest University Community Clinical Oncology Program Research Base. A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study of oral coenzyme Q10 to relieve self-reported treatmentrelated fatigue in newly diagnosed patients with breast cancer. J Support Oncol 2013;11:31–42.
129. Wen HS, Li X, Cao YZ, et al. Clinical studies on the treatment of cancer cachexia with megestrol acetate plus thalidomide. Chemotherapy 2012;58:461–7.
130. Hansen MV, Andersen LT, Madsen MT, et al. Effect of melatonin on depressive symptoms and anxiety in patients undergoing breast cancer surgery: a randomized, doubleblind, placebo-controlled trial. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2014;145:683–95.
131. Hui D, Xu A, Frisbee-Hume S, et al. Effects of prophylactic subcutaneous fentanyl on exercise-induced breakthrough dyspnea in cancer patients: a preliminary double-blind, randomized, controlled trial. J Pain Symptom Manage 2014;47:209–17.
132. Law KS, Azman N, Omar EA, et al. The effects of virgin coconut oil (vco) as supplementation on quality of life (qol) among breast cancer patients. Lipids Health Dis 2014;13:139.
133. Lee JY, Chu SH, Jeon JY, et al. Effects of 12 weeks of probiotic supplementation on quality of life in colorectal cancer survivors: a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial. Dig Liver Dis 2014;46:1126–32.
134. Sánchez-Lara K, Turcott J, Juárez-Hernández E, et al. Effects of an oral nutritional supplement containing eicosapentaenoic acid on nutritional and clinical outcomes in patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer: randomised trial. Clin Nutr 2014;33:1017–23.
135. Terkawi AS, Durieux ME, Gottschalk A, Brenin D, Tiouririne M. Effect of intravenous lidocaine on postoperative recovery of patients undergoing mastectomy: a double-blind, placebo-controlled randomized trial. Reg Anesth Pain Med 2014;39:472–7.
136. Wang S, Qu X, Qu Y, Yu Y, Feng W. The effect of B-type brain natriuretic peptide on patients with acute decompensated heart failure coexisting with lung cancer: a randomized controlled clinical trial. Pharmazie 2014;69:212–16.
137. Liu J, Tan L, Zhang H, et al. qol evaluation of olanzapine for chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting comparing with 5-HT3 receptor antagonist. Eur J Cancer Care (Engl) 2015;24:436–43.
138. Birgegard G, Henry D, Glaspy J, Chopra R, Thomsen LL, Auerbach M. A randomized noninferiority trial of intravenous iron isomaltoside versus oral iron sulfate in patients with nonmyeloid malignancies and anemia receiving chemotherapy: the profound trial. Pharmacotherapy 2016;36:402–14.
139. Jeon Y, Park JS, Moon S, Yeo J. Effect of intravenous high dose vitamin C on postoperative pain and morphine use after laparoscopic colectomy: a randomized controlled trial. Pain Res Manag 2016;2016:9147279.
140. Mofid B, Rezaeizadeh H, Termos A, et al. Effect of processed honey and royal jelly on cancer-related fatigue: a double-blind randomized clinical trial. Electron Physician 2016;8:2475–82.
141. Faramarzi E, Mahdavi R, Mohammad-Zadeh M, Nasirimotlagh B, Sanaie S. Effect of conjugated linoleic acid supplementation on quality of life in rectal cancer patients undergoing preoperative chemoradiotherapy. Pak J Med Sci 2017;33:383–8.
142. Martins SP, Ferreira CL, Del Giglio A. Placebo-controlled, double-blind, randomized study of a dry guarana extract in patients with head and neck tumors undergoing chemoradiotherapy: effects on fatigue and quality of life. J Diet Suppl 2017;1-10:[Epub ahead of print].
143. Ribeiro SMF, Braga CBM, Peria FM, Martinez EZ, Rocha J, Cunha SFC. Effects of zinc supplementation on fatigue and quality of life in patients with colorectal cancer. Einstein (Sao Paulo) 2017;15:24–8.
144. Sun D, Jiao J, Zhang X, et al. Therapeutic effect of Jinlongshe granule () on quality of life of stage iv gastric cancer patients using eortc qlq-C30: a double-blind placebo-controlled clinical trial. Chin J Integr Med 2017;21:579–86.
145. Cella D, Eton DT, Lai JS, Peterman AH, Merkel DE. Combining anchor and distribution-based methods to derive minimal clinically important differences on the Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy (fact) anemia and fatigue scales. J Pain Symptom Manage 2002;24:547–61.
146. Hedley BD, Allan AL, Xenocostas A. The role of erythropoietin and erythropoiesis-stimulating agents in tumor progression. Clin Cancer Res 2011;17:6373–80.
147. Dicato M, Plawny L. Erythropoietin in cancer patients: pros and cons. Curr Opin Oncol 2010;22:307–11.
148. Storebo OJ, Ramstad E, Krogh HB, et al. Methylphenidate for children and adolescents with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2015;:CD009885.
149. Erickson JM, Beck SL, Christian B, et al. Patterns of fatigue in adolescents receiving chemotherapy. Oncol Nurs Forum 2010;37:444–55.
150. Baggott C, Dodd M, Kennedy C, et al. Changes in children’s reports of symptom occurrence and severity during a course of myelosuppressive chemotherapy. J Pediatr Oncol Nurs 2010;27:307–15.
151. Geenen MM, Cardous-Ubbink MC, Kremer LC, et al. Medical assessment of adverse health outcomes in long-term survivors of childhood cancer. JAMA 2007;297:2705–15.
152. Minton O, Stone P. A systematic review of the scales used for the measurement of cancer-related fatigue (CRF). Ann Oncol 2009;20:17–25.