Boundaries and barriers of North American warm deserts: An evolutionary perspective

Palaeogeography and Palaeobiogeography: Biodiversity in Space and Time

Volumn , Issue , 2011, Pages 75-113

  Hafner, David J ^a   Riddle, Brett R ^b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF NEW MEXICO   (United States)

^b UNIVERSITY OF NEVADA   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 85045650459     PISSN: None     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book    
DOI: None     Document Type: Chapter

References (187)

1. Alexander, L.F. and Riddle, B.R. (2005) Phylogenetics of the New World rodent family Heteromyidae. Journal of Mammalogy, 86: 366-379.
2. Anderson, C.A. (1950) The 1940 E. W. Scripps cruise to the Gulf of California. Part I: Geology of the islands and neighboring land areas. Geological Society of American Memoirs, 43: 1-53.
3. Anderson, S. (1964) The systematic status of Perognathus artus and Perognathus goldmani (Rodentia). American Museum Novitates, 2184: 1-27.
4. Arriaga, L., Aguilara, C., Espinosa-Organista, D., and Jiménez, R. (1997) Regionalización ecológica y biogeográfica de México. Taller de la Comisión Nacional para el Conocimiento y Uso de la Biodiversidad (Conabio), México, DF.
5. Avise, J.C. (2000) Phylogeography: The History and Formation of Species, Harvard University Press, Cambridge, MA.
6. Avise, J.C., Arnold, J., Ball, R.M., Bermingham, E., Lamb, T., Neigel, J.E., Reeb, C.A., and Saunders, N.C. (1987) Intraspecific phylogeography-the mitochondrial-DNA bridge between population-genetics and systematics. Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics, 18: 489-522.
7. Axelrod, D.I. (1958) Evolution of the Madro-Tertiary geoflora. Botanical Review, 24: 433-509.
8. Axelrod, D.I. (1983) Paleobotanical history of the western deserts. In Origin and Evolution of Deserts (eds. S.G. Wells and D.R. Haragan), University of New Mexico Press, Albuquerque, pp. 113-129.
9. Bailey, R.G. (1997) Ecoregions of North America. USDA Forest Service, Miscellaneous Publication 1548.
10. Baker, R.H. (1956) Mammals of Coahuila, México. University of Kansas Publications, Museum of Natural History, 9: 125-335.
11. Baker, R.H. and Greer, J.K. (1962) Mammals of the Mexican state of Durango. Publications of the Museum, Michigan State University, Biological Series, 2: 25-154.
12. Blair, W.N. (1978) Gulf of California in Lake Mead area of Arizona and Nevada during late Miocene time. American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin, 62: 1159-1170.
13. Boehm, M.C. (1984) An overview of the lithostratigraphy, biostratigraphy, and paleoenvironments of the Late Neogene San Felipe marine sequence, Baja California, Mexico. In Geology of the Baja California Peninsula (ed. V.A. Frizzell, Jr.), Society of Economic Paleontology and Mineralogy, 39, pp. 253-265.
14. Boehm, M.C. (1987) Evidence for a north-verging mid-to-late Miocene proto-Gulf of California. Geological Society of America, Abstracts with Program, 19: 594.
15. Brooks, D.R., Van Veller, M.G.P., and McLennan, D.A. (2001) How to do BPA, really. Journal of Biogeography, 28: 345-358.
16. Brown, D.E. (ed.) (1982) Biotic communities of the American Southwest-United States and Mexico. Desert Plants 4: 1-4.
17. Brown, J.H. and Kurzius, M.A. (1987) Composition of desert rodent faunas: Combinations of coexisting species. Annales Zoologici Fennici, 24: 227-237.
18. Brown, J.H. and Lomolino, M.V. (1998) Biogeography, 2nd edition. Sinauer, Sunderland, MA.
19. Brown, J.H., Fox, B.J., and Kelt, D.A. (2000) Assembly rules: Desert rodent communities are structured at scales from local to continental. American Naturalist, 156: 314-321.
20. Brown, J.H., Valone, T.J., and Curtin, C.G. (1997) Reorganization of an arid ecosystem in response to recent climate change. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, USA, 94: 9729-9733.
21. Buising, A.V. (1990) The Bouse Formation and bracketing units, southeastern California and western Arizona: Implications for the evolution of the proto-Gulf of California and the lower Colorado River. Journal of Geophysical Research, 95: 111-132.
22. Campos-Enriquez, J.O., Ortega-Ramírez, J., Alatriste-Vilchis, D., Cruz-Gática, R., and Cabral-Cano, E. (1999) Relationship between extensional tectonic style and the paleoclimatic elements at Laguna El Fresnal, Chihuahua Desert, Mexico. Geomorphology, 28: 75-94.
23. Capra, L., Macías, J.L., Espíndola, J.M., and Siebe, C. (1998) Holocene plinian eruption of La Virgen volcano, Baja California, Mexico. Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, 80: 239-266.
24. Carreño, A.L. and Helenes, J. (2002) Geology and ages of the islands. In A New Island Biogeography of the Sea of Cortéz (eds. T.J. Case, M.L. Cody, and E. Ezcurra), Oxford University Press, New York, pp. 14-40.
25. Casas-Andreu, G. and Reyna-Trujillo, T. (1990) Herpetofauna (anfibios y reptiles). Map IV.8.6. In Atlas Nacional de México, vol. III, Instituto de Geografía, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México, DF.
26. Castoe, T.A., Spencer, C.L., and Parkinson, C.L. (2007) Phylogeographic structure and historical demography of the western diamondback rattlesnake (Crotalus atrox): A perspective on North American desert biogeography. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 42: 193-212.
27. Chamberlin, R.V. (1924) Expedition of the California Academy of Sciences to the Gulf of California in 1921-The spider fauna of the shores and islands of the Gulf of California. Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences, 12: 561-694.
28. Chan, Y.L., Anderson, C.N.K., and Hadly, E.A. (2006) Bayesian estimation of the timing and severity of a population bottleneck from ancient DNA. PLoS Genetics, 2: 451-460.
29. Chan, Y.L., Lacey, E.A., Pearson, O.P., and Hadly, E.A. (2005) Ancient DNA reveals Holocene loss of genetic diversity in a South American rodent. Biology Letters, 1: 423-426.
30. Cody, M.L. (1983) The land birds. In Island Biogeography in the Sea of Cortéz (eds. T.J. Case and M.L. Cody), University of California Press, Berkeley, pp. 210-245.
31. Cody, M.L. and Velarde, E. (2002) Land birds. In A New Island Biogeography of the Sea of Cortéz (eds. T.J. Case, M.L. Cody, and E. Ezcurra), Oxford University Press, New York, pp. 271-312.
32. Connell, S.D., Hawley, J.W., and Love, D.W. (2005) Late Cenozoic drainage development in the southeastern Basin and Range of New Mexico, southeasternmost Arizona, and western Texas. In New Mexico’s Ice Ages (eds. S.G. Lucas, G.S. Morgan, and K.E. Zeigler), New Mexico Museum of Natural History and Science Bulletin 28, pp. 125-150.
33. Contreras-Balderas, A.J., Hafner, D.J., Lopez-Soto, J.H., Torres-Ayala, J.M., and Contreras-Arquieta, S. (2007) Mammals of the Cuatro Ciénegas Basin, Coahuila, Mexico. Southwestern Naturalist, 52: 400-409.
34. Contreras-Balderas, S. (1990) Importancia biota endémica y perspectivas actuales en el Valle de Cuatrociénegas, Coahuila, México. In Areas Naturales Protegidas en México y Especies en Extinción (eds. C.R. José and R.A. Fermín), Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, pp. 15-23.
35. Crews, S.C. and Hedin, M. (2006) Studies of morphological and molecular phylogenetic divergence in spiders (Araneae: Homalonychus) from the American southwest, including divergence along the Baja California peninsula. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 38: 470-487.
36. Croizat, L. (1952) Manual of Phytogeography, Dr. W. Junk, The Hague.
37. Croizat, L. (1958) Panbiogeography. 2 vol., published by the author, Caracas.
38. Croizat, L. (1960) Principia Botanica, published by the author, Caracas.
39. Croizat, L. (1964) Space, Time, Form: The Biological Synthesis, published by the author, Caracas.
40. Devitt, T.J. (2006) Phylogeography of the Western Lyre snake (Trimorphodon biscutatus): testing aridland biogeographical hypotheses across the Nearctic-Neotropical transition. Molecular Ecology, 15: 4387-407.
41. Dickey, K.J. (1983) A Natural History Guide to Baja California, published by the author, Chula Vista, CA.
42. Dunbier, R. (1968) The Sonoran Desert: Its Geography, Economy, and People. University of Arizona Press, Tucson.
43. Durham, J.W. and Allison, E.C. (1960) Geological history of Baja California and its marine environments. Symposium: The biogeography of Baja California and adjacent seas. Systematic Zoology, 9: 47-91.
44. Eberly, L.B. and Stanley, T.B., Jr. (1978) Cenozoic stratigraphy and geologic history of southwestern Arizona. Geological Society of American Bulletin, 89: 921-940.
45. Faulds, J.E., Wallace, M.A., Gonzalez, L.A., and Heizler, M.T. (2001) Depositional environment and paleogeographic implications of the late Miocene Hualapai Limestone, northwest Arizona and southern Nevada. In The Colorado River: Origin and Evolution: Grand Canyon, Arizona (eds. R.A. Young and E.E. Spamer), Grand Canyon Association Monograph 12, pp. 8-87.
46. Fehlberg, S.D. and Ranker, T.A. (2007) Phylogeny and biogeography of Encelia (Asteraceae) in the Sonoran and Peninsular Deserts based on multiple DNA sequences. Systematic Botany, 32: 692-699.
47. Ferrusquía-Villafranca, I. (1990) Regionalización biogeográfica. Map IV.8.10. In Atlas Nacional de México, vol. III, Instituto de Geografía, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México, D.F.
48. Ferrusquía-Villafranca, I., González Guzmán, L.I., and Cartron, J.-L.E. (2005) Northern Mexico’s landscape, part I: The physical setting and constraints on modeling biotic evolution. In Biodiversity, Ecosystems, and Conservation in Northern Mexico (eds. J.-L.E. Cartron, G. Ceballos, and R.S. Felger), Oxford University Press, New York, pp. 11-38.
49. Findley, J.S. (1969) Biogeography of southwestern boreal and desert mammals. In Contributions in Mammalogy (ed. J.K. Jones), University of Kansas Miscellaneous Publications of the Museum of Natural History, 51, pp. 113-128.
50. Flynn, J.J. and Novacek, M.J. (1984) Early Eocene vertebrates from Baja California: Evidence for intracontinental age correlations. Science, 224: 151-153.
51. Gantenbein, B., Fet, V. and Barker, M.D. (2001) Mitochondrial DNA reveals a deep, divergent phylogeny in Centruroides exilicauda (Wood, 1863) (Scorpiones: Buthidae). In Scorpions 2002. In Memoriam Gary A. Polis (eds. V. Fet and P.A. Selden), British Arachnological Society, Burnham Beeches, UK, pp. 235-244.
52. Garcia, E. and de Byres, Z. F. (1984) Nuevo Porrua de la Republica Mexicana. [Climatic map], Editorial Porrua, S. A., Mexico, DF, p. 113.
53. Garduño-Monroy, H., Vargas-Ledezma, H., and Campos-Enriquez, J.O. (1993) Preliminary geologic studies of Sierra El Aguajito (Baja California, Mexico): A resurgent-type caldera. Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, 59: 47-58.
54. Gastil, G., Minch, J., and Phillips, R.P. (1983) The geology and ages of the islands. In Island Biogeography in the Sea of Cortéz (eds. T.J. Case and M.L. Cody), University of California Press, Berkeley, pp. 13-25.
55. Gastil, J., Neuhaus, J., Cassidy, M., Smith, J., Ingle, J., and Krummenacker, D. (1999) Geology and paleontology of Southwestern Isla Tiburón, Mexico. Revista Mexicana de Ciencias Geológicas, 16: 1-34.
56. Grismer, L.L. (1994) The origin and evolution of the Peninsular herpetofauna of Baja California, México. Herpetological Natural History, 2: 51-106.
57. Grismer, L.L. (2002) A re-evaluation of the evidence for a mid-Pleistocene mid-peninsular seaway in Baja California: A reply to Riddle et al. Herpetological Review, 33: 15-16.
58. Hadley, E.A., van Tuinen, M., Chan, Y., and Heiman, K. (2003) Ancient DNA evidence of prolonged population persistence with negligible genetic diversity in an endemic tuco-tuco (Ctenomys sociabilis). Journal of Mammalogy, 84: 403-417.
59. Hafner, D.J. and Riddle, B.R. (1997) Biogeography of Baja California Peninsular Desert mammals. In Life Among the Muses: Papers in Honor of James S. Findley (eds. T.L. Yates, W.L. Gannon, and D.E. Wilson), Special Publication, Museum of Southwestern Biology, University of New Mexico 3, pp. 39-65.
60. Hafner, D.J. and Riddle, B.R. (2005) Mammalian phylogeography and evolutionary history of northern Mexico’s deserts. In Biodiversity, Ecosystems, and Conservation in Northern Mexico (eds. J.-L.E. Cartron, G. Ceballos, and R.S. Felger), Oxford University Press, New York, pp. 225-245.
61. Hafner, D.J., Hafner, M.S., Hasty, G.L., Spradling, T.A., and Demastes, J.W. (2008) Evolutionary relationship of pocket gophers (Cratogeomys castanops species group) of the Mexican Altiplano. Journal of Mammalogy, 89: 190-208.
62. Hafner, J.C., Light, J.A., Hafner, D.J., Hafner, M.S., Reddington, E., Rogers, D.S., and Riddle, B.R. (2007) Basal clades and molecular systematics of heteromyid rodents. Journal of Mammalogy, 88: 1129-1145.
63. Hall, E.R. (1981) The Mammals of North America. Volumes 1 and 2. John Wiley and Sons, New York.
64. Hawley, J.W., Hibbs, B.J., Kennedy, J.F., Creel, B.J., Remmenga, M.D., Johnson, M., Lee, M.M., and Dinterman, P. (2000) Trans-international boundary aquifers in southwest New Mexico. Technical completion report prepared for U.S. Environmental Protection Agency-Region 6 and the International Boundary and Water Commission.
65. Helenes, J. and Carreño, A.L. (1999) Neogene sedimentary evolution of Baja California in relation to regional tectonics. Journal of South American Earth Sciences, 12: 589-605.
66. Hennig, W. (1950) Grundzüge einer Theorie der Phylogenetischen Systematik. Deutscher Zentralverlag, Berlin.
67. Hennig, W. (1966) Phylogenetic Systematics, 3rd edition (trans. D.D. Davis and R. Zanderl), University of Illinois Press, Urbana.
68. Hess, H.H. (1962) History of ocean basins. In Petrological Studies: A Volume in Honor of A. F. Buddington. (eds. A.E.J. Engel, H.L. James, and B.F. Leonard), Geological Society of America, New York, pp. 599-620.
69. Holmgren, C.A., Norris, J., and Betancourt, J.L. (2007) Inferences about winter temperatures and summer rains from the late Quaternary record of C4 perennial grasses and C3 desert shrubs in the northern Chihuahuan Desert. Journal of Quaternary Science, 22: 141-161.
70. Holt, J.W., Holt, E.W., and Stock, J.M. (2000) An age constraint on Gulf of California rifting from the Santa Rosalía basin, Baja California Sur, Mexico. Geological Society of America Bulletin, 112: 540-549.
71. Hubbard, J.P. (1974) Avian evolution in the aridlands of North America. Living Bird, 12: 155-196.
72. Humphries, C.J. and Parenti, L.R. (1999) Cladistic Biogeography, Oxford University Press, Oxford.
73. Hunt, C.B. (1983) Physiographic overview of our arid lands in the western U.S. In Origin and Evolution of Deserts (eds. S.G. Wells and D.R. Haragan), University of New Mexico Press, Albuquerque.
74. Hunter, K.L., Betancourt, J.L., Riddle, B.R., Van Devender, T.R., Cole, K.L., and Spaulding, W.G. (2001) Ploidy race distributions since the Last Glacial Maximum in the North American desert shrub, Larrea tridentata. Global Ecology and Biogeography, 10: 521-533.
75. Hurtado, L.A., Erez, T., Castrezana, S., and Markow, T.A. (2004) Contrasting population genetic patterns and evolutionary histories among sympatric Sonoran Desert cactophilic Drosophila. Molecular Ecology, 13: 1365-1375.
76. Ingle, J.C., Jr. (1974) Paleobathymetric history of Neogene marine sediments, Northern Gulf of California. In The Geology of Peninsular California, Guidebook 49 of the Pacific Section (eds. G. Gastil and J. Lillegraven), American Association of Petroleum Geologists and Society of Economic Paleontologists and Mineralogists, pp. 121-138.
77. Ingle, J.C., Jr. (1987) Paleoceanographic evolution of the Gulf of California: Foraminiferal and lithofacies evidence. Geological Society of America-Abstracts with Programs, 19: 721.
78. Instituto de Geografía (1970) Carta de Climas de la Republica, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Comision de Estudios del Territorio Nacional, México, DF.
79. Ives, R.L. (1962) Dating of the 1746 eruption of Tres Vírgenes Volcano, Baja California del Sur, Mexico. Geological Society of America Bulletin, 73: 647-648.
80. Kelt, D.A. (1999) On the relative importance of history and ecology in structuring communities of desert small animals. Ecography, 22: 123-137.
81. Kelt, D.A., Brown, J.H., Heske, E.J., Marquet, P.A., Morton, S.R., Reid, J.R., Rogouin, K.A., and Shenbrot, G. (1996) Community structure of desert small mammals: Comparisons across four continents. Ecology, 77: 746-761.
82. Leaché, A.D., Crews, S.C., and Hickerson, M.J. (2007) Two waves of diversification in mammals and reptiles of Baja California revealed by hierarchical Bayesian analysis. Biology Letters, 3: 646-650.
83. Ledesma-Vázquez, J. (2002) A gap in the Pliocene invasion of seawater to the Gulf of California. Revista Mexicana de Ciencias Geológicas, 19: 145-151.
84. Lindell, J., Méndez-de la Curz, F.R., and Murphy, R.W. (2005) Deep genealogical history without population differentiation: Discordance between mtDNA and allozyme divergence in the zebra-tailed lizard (Callisaurus draconoides). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 36: 682-694.
85. Lindell, J., Ngo, A., and Murphy, R.W. (2006) Deep genealogies and the mid-peninsular seaway of Baja California. Journal of Biogeography, 33: 1327-1331.
86. Lomolino, M.V., Riddle, B.R., and Brown, J.H. (2005) Biogeography, 3rd edition, Sinauer, Sunderland, MA.
87. Lonsdale, P. (1989) Geology and tectonic history of the Gulf of California. In The Eastern Pacific Ocean and Hawaii (eds. E.L. Winterer, D.M. Hussong, and R.W. Decker), Geological Society of America North American Geology Vol. N, pp. 499-521.
88. Lucchitta, I. (1979) Late Cenozoic uplift of the southwestern Colorado Plateau and adjacent lower Colorado River region. Tectonophysics, 61: 63-95.
89. Mack, G.H., Salyards, S.L., McIntosh, W.C., and Leeder, M.R. (1998) Reversal magnetostratigraphy and radioisotopic geochronology of the Plio-Pleistocene Camp Rice and Palomas formations, southern Rio Grande rift. New Mexico Geological Society Guidebook, 49: 229-236.
90. MacMahon, J.A. (1979) North American deserts: Their floral and faunal components. In Arid-land Ecosystems: Structure, Functioning, and Management (eds. R.A. Pern and D.W. Goodall), Cambridge University International Biological Programme, 16: 21-82.
91. Marshall, C.J. and Liebherr, J.K. (2000) Cladistic biogeography of the Mexican transition zone. Journal of Biogeography, 27: 203-216.
92. Mattick, R.E., Olmsted, F.H., and Zohdy, A.A.R. (1973) Geophysical studies in the Yuma area, Arizona and California. United States Geological Survey Professional Paper, 726D: 1-36.
93. McCloy, C. (1984) Stratigraphy and depositional history of the San Jose del Cabo trough, Baja California Sur, Mexico. In Geology of the Baja California Peninsula (ed. V.A. Frizzell, Jr.), Society of Economic Paleontology and Mineralogy, vol. 39, pp. 267-273.
94. M’Closkey, R.T. (1983) Perognathus baileyi and jojoba (Simmondsia chinensis): A test of their association. Journal of Mammalogy, 64: 499-501.
95. Metzger, D.G. (1968) The Bouse Formation (Pliocene) of the Parker-Blythe-Cibola area, Arizona and California. United States Geological Survey, Professional Papers, 600-D: D126-D136.
96. Meyer, E.R. (1973) Late-Quaternary paleoecology of the Cuatro Cienegas Basin, Coahuila, Mexico. Ecology, 54: 982-995.
97. Miller, W.E. (1977) Pleistocene terrestrial vertebrates from southern Baja California. Abstracts with Program, Geological Society of America, 9: 468.
98. Miller, W.E. (1980) The late Pliocene Las Tunas local fauna from southernmost Baja California, Mexico. Journal of Paleontology, 54: 762-805.
99. Minch, J. and Leslie, T. (1991) The Baja Highway: A Geology and Biology Field Guide for the Baja Traveler, John Minch, San Juan Capistrano, CA.
100. Morafka, D.J. (1974) A biogeographical analysis of the Chihuahuan Desert through its herpetofauna. Unpublished Ph.D. dissertation, University of Southern California.
101. Morafka, D.J. (1977a) A biogeographical analysis of the Chihuahuan desert through its herpetofauna. Biogeographica 9: 1-313.
102. Morafka, D.J. (1977b) Is there a Chihuahuan Desert? A quantitative evaluation through a herpetofaunal perspective. In Transactions of the Symposium on the Biological Resources of the Chihuahuan Desert Region, United States and Mexico (eds. R.H. Wauer and D.H. Riskind), National Park Service Transactions and Proceedings Series 3, Washington, DC, pp. 437-454.
103. Moritz, C., Lavery, S., and Slade, R. (1995) Using allele frequency and phylogeny to define units for conservation and management. American Fisheries Society Symposium, 17: 249-262.
104. Morrison, R.B. (1965) Quaternary surfaces and associated deposits in Duncan Valley, Arizona-New Mexico. International Association for Quaternary Research (INQUA), VII Congress, 1965, Guidebook, Field Conference H (Southwestern Arid Lands), pp. 66-69.
105. Morrison, R.B. (1985) Pliocene/Quaternary geology, geomorphology, and tectonics of Arizona. Geological Society of America Special Paper, 203: 123-146.
106. Morrison, R.B. (1991) Quaternary geology of the southern Basin and Range province. In Quaternary Non-glacial Geology (ed. R.B. Morrison), The Geology of North America, Geological Society of America, Boulder, CO, K-2: 353-371.
107. Morrone, J.J. (1994) On the identification of areas of endemism. Systematic Biology, 43: 438-441.
108. Morrone, J.J. (2001a) Biogeografía de América Latina y el Caribe. Zaragoza (España): Manuales y Tesis SEA 3, 148 pp.
109. Morrone, J.J. (2001b) Toward a cladistic model for the Caribbean subregion: Delimitation of areas of endemism. Caldasia, 23: 43-76.
110. Morrone, J.J. (2004) Panbiogeografía, componentes bióticos y zonas de transición. Coleopterists Bulletin, 48: 149-162.
111. Morrone, J.J. (2005) Hacia una síntesis biogeográfica de México (toward a synthesis of Mexican biogeography). Revista Mexicana de Biodiversidad, 76: 207-252.
112. Morrone, J.J. and Crisci, J.V. (1995) Historical biogeography - Introduction to methods. Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics, 26: 373-401.
113. Morrone, J.J. and Márquez, J. (2001) Halffter Mexican Transition Zone, generalised tracks, and geographical homology. Journal of Biogeography, 28: 635-650.
114. Mullis, K.B, Faloona, F.A., Scharf, S., Saiki, R.K., Horn, G., and Erlich, H.A. (1986) Specific enzymatic amplification of DNA in vitro: The polymerase chain reaction. Cold Spring Harbor Symposia on Quantitative Biology 1986.
115. Murphy, R.W. (1983) Paleobiogeography and patterns of genetic differentiation of the Baja California herpetofauna. Occasional Papers, California Academy of Sciences, 137: 1-48.
116. Murphy, R.W. and Aguirre-León, G. (2002) The nonavian reptiles: Origins and evolution. In A New Island Biogeography of the Sea of Cortéz (eds. T.J. Case, M.L. Cody, and E. Ezcurra), Oxford University Press, New York, pp. 181-220.
117. Nason, J.D., Hamrick, J.L., and Fleming, T.H. (2002) Historical vicariance and postglacial colonization effects on the evolution of genetic structure in Lophocereus, a Sonoran Desert columnar cactus. Evolution, 56: 2214-2226.
118. Norris, R.M. and Webb, R.W. (1976) Geology of California, John Wiley and Sons, New York.
119. Olmsted, F.H., Loeltz, O.J., and Irelan, B. (1973) Geohydrology of the Yuma Area, Arizona and California. United States Geological Survey Professional Paper, 486-H: 1-227.
120. Orr, R.T. (1960) An analysis of the recent land mammals. Symposium: The biogeography of Baja California and adjacent seas. Systematic Zoology, 9: 171-179.
121. Ortega-Gutiérrez, F. and Guerrero-Garcia, J.C. (1982) The geologic regions of Mexico. In Perspectives in Regional Geological Synthesis (ed. A.R. Palmer), D-NAG Special Publication 1, Geological Society of America, Boulder, CO, pp. 99-104.
122. Ortlieb, L. (1991) Quaternary vertical movements along the coasts of Baja California and Sonora. In The Gulf and Peninsular Province of the Californias (eds. J.P. Dauphin and B.R.T. Simoneit), American Association of Petroleum Geologists, Memoir 47, pp. 447-480.
123. Patton, J.L. (1969) Chromosome evolution in the pocket mouse, Perognathus golmani Osgood. Evolution, 23: 645-662.
124. Pazzaglia, F.J. and Hawley, J.S. (2004). Neogene (rift flank) and Quaternary geology and geomorphology. In The Geology of New Mexico: A Geologic History (eds. G.H. Mack and K.J. Giles), New Mexico Geological Society, Special Publication 11, Socorro, NM, pp. 407-438.
125. Pearson, S. and Betancourt, J.L. (2002) Understanding arid environments using fossil rodent middens. Journal of Arid Environments, 50: 499-511.
126. Petersen, M.D. and Wesnousky, S.G. (1994) Fault slip rates and earthquake histories for active faults in southern California. Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, 84: 1608-1649.
127. Peterson, M.K. (1976) The Rio Nazas as a factor in mammalian distribution in Durango, Mexico. The Southwestern Naturalist, 20: 495-502.
128. Platnick, N.I. and Nelson, G. (1978) A method of analysis for historical biogeography. Systematic Zoology, 27: 1-16.
129. Prothero, D.R. (1998) The chronological, climatic, and paleogeographic background to North American mammalian evolution. In Evolution of Tertiary Mammals of North America (eds. C.M. Janis, K.M. Scott, and L.L. Jacobs), Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, MA, pp. 9-36.
130. Ramírez-Pulido, J. and Castro-Campillo, A. (1990) Regionalización mastofaunística (mamíferos). In Atlas Nacional de México, vol. III, Instituto de Geografía, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México, DF, Map IV.8.8.A.
131. Reiss, R.A. (2006) Ancient DNA from ice age insects: Proceed with caution. Quaternary Science Reviews, 25: 1877-1893.
132. Rhode, D. (2002) Early Holocene juniper woodland and chaparral taxa in the central Baja California peninsula, Mexico. Quaternary Research, 57: 102-108.
133. Riddle, B.R. and Hafner, D.J. (1999) Species as units of analysis in ecology and biogeography: Time to take the blinders off. Global Ecology and Biogeography, 8: 433-441.
134. Riddle, B.R. and Hafner, D.J. (2004) The past and future roles of phylogeography in historical biogeography. In Frontiers of Biogeography (eds. M.V. Lomolino and L.R. Heaney), Sinauer, Sunderland, MA, pp. 93-110.
135. Riddle, B.R. and Hafner, D.J. (2006a) A step-wise approach to integrating phylogeographic and phylogenetic biogeographic perspectives on the history of a core North American warm deserts biota. Journal of Arid Environments, 66: 435-461.
136. Riddle, B.R. and Hafner, D.J. (2006b) Biogeografía y biodiversidad de los desiertos cálidos del norte de México y soroeste de Estados Unidos. New Mexico Museum of Natural History and Science Bulletin 32: 57-65.
137. Riddle, B.R. and Hafner, D.J. (2007) Phylogeography in historical biogeography: Investigating the biogeographic histories of populations, species, and young biotas. In Biogeography in a Changing World (eds. M.C. Ebach and R.S. Tangney), The Systematics Association Special Volume Series no. 70, CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL, pp. 161-176.
138. Riddle, B.R., Hafner, D.J., and Alexander, L.F. (2000a) Phylogeography and systematics of the Peromyscus eremicus species group and the historical biogeography of North American warm regional deserts. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 17: 145-160.
139. Riddle, B.R., Hafner, D.J., and Alexander, L.F. (2000b) Comparative phylogeography of Bailey’s pocket mouse (Chaetodipus baileyi) and the Peromyscus eremicus species group: historical vicariance of the Baja California Peninsular Desert. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 17: 161-172.
140. Riddle, B.R., Hafner, D.J., Alexander, L.F., and Jaeger, J.R. (2000c) Cryptic vicariance in the historical assembly of a Baja California Peninsular Desert biota. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 97: 14438-14443.
141. Riginos, C. (2005) Cryptic vicariance in Gulf of California fishes parallels vicariance patterns found in Baja California mammals and reptiles. Evolution, 59: 2678-2690.
142. Roberts, N.C. (1989) Baja California Plant Field Guide. Natural History, La Jolla, CA.
143. Rodríguez-Robles, J.A. and De Jesús-Escobar, J.M. (2000) Molecular systematics of New World gopher, bull, and pinesnake (Pituophis: Colubridae), a transcontinental species complex. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 14: 35-50.
144. Rosen, D.E. (1978) Vicariant patterns and historical explanation in biogeography. Systematic Zoology, 27: 159-188.
145. Rosen, B.R. (1988) From fossils to earth history: Applied historical biogeography. In Analytical Biogeography: An Integrated Approach to the Study of Animal and Plant Distributions (eds. A.A. Meyers and P.S. Giller), Chapman and Hall, London, pp. 437-481.
146. Rzedowski, J. (1973) Geographical relationships of the flora of Mexican dry regions. In Vegetation and Vegetational History of Northern Latin America (ed. A. Graham), Elsevier, Amsterdam, pp. 61-72.
147. Rzedowski, J. (1978) La Vegetación de México, Limusa-Wiley, México, DF.
148. Rzedowski, J. and Reyna-Trujillo, T. (1990) Tópicos biogeográficos. In Atlas Nacional de México, vol. III, Instituto de Geografía, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México, DF, Map IV.8.3.
149. Savage, J.M. (1960) Evolution of a Peninsular herpetofauna. Symposium: The biogeography of Baja California and adjacent seas. Systematic Zoology, 9: 184-212.
150. Sawlan, M.G. (1986) Petrogenesis of Late Cenozoic volcanic rocks from Baja California Sur, Mexico. University of California, Santa Cruz: Unpublished PhD Thesis, 174 pp.
151. Schmidly, D.J. (1977) Factors governing the distribution of mammals in the Chihuahuan Desert region. In Transactions of the Symposium on the Biological Resources of the Chihuahuan Desert Region, United States and Mexico (eds. R.H. Wauer and D.H. Riskind), National Park Service Transactions and Proceedings Series 3, Washington, DC, pp. 163-192.
152. Schmidly, D.J., Wilkins, K.T., and Derr, J.N. (1993) Biogeography. In Biology of the Heteromyidae (eds. H.H. Genoways and J.H. Brown), Special Publication, The American Society of Mammalogists 10, Provo, UT, pp. 319-356.
153. Schmidt, E.K. (1975) Plate tectonics, volcanic petrology, and ore formation in the Santa Rosalía area, Baja California peninsula. Society of Economic Paleontologists and Mineralogists, Special Publication 39: 237-251.
154. Schmidt, R.H., Jr. (1989) The arid zones of Mexico: Climatic extremes and conceptualization of the Sonoran Desert. Journal of Arid Environments, 16: 241-256.
155. Schmitt, A.K., Stockli, D.F., and Hausback, B.P. (2006) Eruption and magma crystallization ages of Las Tres Vírgenes (Baja California) constrained by combined 230Th/238U and (U-Th)/He dating of zircon. Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, 158: 281-295.
156. Sherbrooke, W.C. (1976) Differential acceptance of toxic jojoba seed (Simmondsia chinensis) by four Sonoran Desert heteromyid rodents. Ecology, 57: 596-602.
157. Shreve, F. (1942) The desert vegetation of North America. Botanical Review, 8: 195-246.
158. Shreve, F. (1951) Vegetation of the Sonoran Desert, Carnegie Institution of Washington, Washington, DC, Publication no. 591.
159. Shreve, F. and Wiggins, I.L. (1964) Vegetation and Flora of the Sonoran Desert, Stanford University Press, Stanford, CA.
160. Sinclair, E.A., Bezy, R.L., Bolles, K., Camarillo R.J.L., Crandall, K.A., and Sites, J.W., Jr. (2004) Testing species boundaries in an ancient species complex with deep phylogeographic history: Genus Xantusia (Squamata: Xantusiidae). The American Naturalist, 164: 396-414.
161. Sissom, W.D. and Hendrixson, B.E. (2005) Scorpion biodiversity and patterns of endemism in northern Mexico. In Biodiversity, Ecosystems, and Conservation in Northern Mexico (eds. J.-L.E. Cartron, G. Ceballos, and R.S. Felger), Oxford University Press, New York, pp.122-137.
162. Smith, F.A. and Betancourt, J.L. (2006) Predicting woodrat (Neotoma) response to anthropogenic warming from studies of the palaeomidden record. Journal of Biogeography, 33: 2061-2076.
163. Smith, G.I. and Street-Perrott, F.A. (1983) Pluvial lakes of the western United States. In Late-Quaternary Environments of the United States, vol. 1 (ed. H.E. Wright, Jr.), Longman Group, London.
164. Smith, H.M. (1941) Las provincias bióticas de México, según la distribución geográfica de ls lagartijas del género Sceloporus. Anales de la Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, 2: 103-110.
165. Smith, J.T. (1984) Miocene and Pliocene marine mollusks and preliminary correlations, Vizcaino Peninsula to Arroyo la Purisima, northwestern Baja California Sur, Mexico. In Geology of the Baja California Peninsula (ed. V.A. Frizzell, Jr.), Pacific Section, Society of Economy Paleontologists and Mineralogists, Los Angeles, pp. 197-217.
166. Smith, J.T. (1991) Cenozoic marine mollusks and paleogeography of the Gulf of California. In The Gulf and Peninsular Province of the Californias (eds. J.P. Dauphin and B.R.T. Simoneit), American Association of Petroleum Geologists, Tulsa, OK, Memoir 47, pp. 637-666.
167. Spencer, J.E. and Normark, W.R. (1989) Neogene plate-tectonic evolution of the Baja California Sur continental margin and the southern Gulf of California, Mexico. In The Eastern Pacific Ocean and Hawaii (eds. E.L. Winterer, D.M. Hussong, and R.W. Decker), The Geology of North America N, Geological Society of America, Boulder, CO, pp. 489-498.
168. Spencer, J.E. and Pearthree, P.A. (2001) Headward erosion versus closed-basin spillover as alternative causes of Neogene capture of the ancestral Colorado River by the Gulf of California. In The Colorado River: Origin and Evolution: Grand Canyon, Arizona (eds. R.A. Young and E.E. Spamer), Grand Canyon Association Monograph 12, Grand Canyon, AZ, pp. 215-219.
169. Spencer, J.E. and Pearthree, P.A. (2005) Abrupt initiation of the Colorado River and initial incision of the Grand Canyon. Arizona Geology, 35: 1-4.
170. Stock, J.M. and Hodges, K.V. (1989) Pre-Pliocene extension around the Gulf of California and the transfer of Baja California to the Pacific Plate. Tectonics, 8: 99-115.
171. Strain, W.S. (1966) Blancan mammalian fauna and Pleistocene formations, Hudspeth County, Texas. Bulletin of the Texas Memorial Museum, 10: 1-55.
172. Strain, W.S. (1971) Late Cenozoic bolson integration in the Chihuahua tectonic belt. West Texas Geological Society, 71-59: 167-173.
173. Swanson, E.R. and McDowell, F.W. (1984) Calderas of the Sierra Madre Occidental volcanic field, western Mexico. Journal of Geophysical Research, 89: 8787-8799.
174. Thompson, R.W. (1968) Tidal flat sedimentation on the Colorado River Delta, northwestern Gulf of California. Geological Society of America Memoirs, 10: 1-133.
175. Thornwaite, C.W. (1931) Climates of North America. Geographical Review, 21: Plate III.
176. Truxal, F.S. (1960) The entomofauna with special reference to its origin and affinities. Symposium: The biogeography of Baja California and adjacent seas. Systematic Zoology, 9: 165-170.
177. Upton, D.E. and Murphy, R.W. (1997) Phylogeny of the side-blotched lizards (Phrynosomatidae: Uta) based on mtDNA sequences: Support for a midpeninsular seaway in Baja California. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 8: 104-113.
178. Van de Kamp, P.C. (1973) Holocene continental sedimentation in the Salton Basin, California: A reconnaissance. Geological Society of America Bulletin, 84: 727-848.
179. Villarosa, G., Outes, V., Hajduk, A., Montero, E.C., Sellés, D., and Crivelli, M.F.E. (2006) Explosive volcanism during the Holocene in the Upper Limay River Basin: The effects of ashfalls on human societies, Northern Patagonia, Argentina. Quaternary International, 158: 44-57.
180. Walpole, D.K., Davis, S.K., and Greenbaum, I.F. (1997) Variation in mitochondrial DNA in populations of Peromyscus eremicus from the Chihuahuan and Sonoran deserts. Journal of Mammalogy, 78: 397-404.
181. Wauer, R.H. and Riskind, D.H. (eds.) (1977) Transactions of the Symposium on the Biological Resources of the Chihuahuan Desert Region, United States and Mexico, National Park Service Transactions and Proceedings Series 3, Washington, DC.
182. Webb, T., III and Bartlein, P.J. (1992) Global changes during the last 3 million years: Climatic controls and biotic responses. Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics, 23: 141-173.
183. Wilkins, D.E. and Currey, D.R. (1997) Timing and extent of late Quaternary paleolakes in the Trans-Pecos Closed Basin, west Texas and south-central New Mexico. Quaternary Research, 47: 306-315.
184. Williams, S.C. (1980) Scorpions of Baja California, Mexico, and adjacent islands. Occasional Papers of the California Academy of Sciences, 135: 1-127.
185. Wood, D.A., Fishers, R.N., and Reeder, T.W. (2008) Novel patterns of historical isolation, dispersal, and secondary contact across Baja California in the Rosy Boa (Lichanura trivirgata). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 46: 484-502.
186. Woodburne, M.O. (2004) Global events and the North American mammalian biochronology. In Late Cretaceous and Cenozoic Mammals of North America: Biostratigraphy and Geochronology (ed. M.O. Woodburne), Columbia University Press, New York, pp. 315-343.
187. Zink, R.M., Barrowclough, G.F., Atwood, J.L., and Blackwell-Rago, R.C. (2000) Genetics, taxonomy, and conservation of the threatened California Gnatcatcher. Conservation Biology, 14: 1394-1405.