European foreign policy and the Arab-Israeli dispute: Much ado about nothing?

European Foreign Affairs Review

Volumn 8, Issue 3, 2003, Pages 289-312

  Aoun, Elena ^a  

^a Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique   (France)

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EID: 85044979870     PISSN: 13846299     EISSN: 18758223     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.54648/eerr2003021     Document Type: Review

References (41)

1. The issue has scored about one quarter of all the EC statements (73) from 1970 to 1986. See Rémy Leveau, 'Le Moyen-Orient' in Françoise de La Serre, Jacques Leruez and Helen Wallace (eds), Les Politiques Etrangères de la France et de la Grande-Bretagne depuis 1945 (FNSP, Paris, 1990), p. 209.
2. For different insights on the incidence of these changes on the Arab-Israeli peace process, see Jerrold D. Green, 'La Politique Américaine et le Conflit Israélo-Arabe' (2002) 3 Politique Etrangère, pp. 617-628;
3. Charmaine Seitz, 'The Palestinian Elections That Never Were', Middle East Report, 24 January 2003 ;
4. Geoffrey Aronson, 'Au Proche-Orient, les Partis Pris de la Maison Blanche' (May 2002) Le Monde Diplomatique, pp. 18-19;
5. Charles D. Smith, 'The “Do More” Chorus in Washington', Middle East Report, 15 April 2002 ;
6. Jeff Halper, 'Sharon's National Unity Government. Shoring Up the “Iron Wall”', Middle East Report, 13 March 2001 .
7. Ben Soetendorp, 'The EU's Involvement in the Israeli-Palestinian Peace Process: the Building of a Visible International Identity' (2002) 7 EFA Rev, pp. 283-295 at p. 283.
8. This is the title of a book edited by Barbara Roberson. See Barbara Roberson (ed.), The Middle East and Europe: the Power Deficit (Routledge, London, 1998).
9. 'The United States and Germany in the Middle East' in the American Institute for Contemporary German Studies, )
10. For further details see Françoise de La Serre, 'L'Europe des Neuf et le Conflit Israélo-Arabe' (1974) 4 Vol. XXIV Revue Française de Science Politique, pp. 801-811.
11. see Ilan Greilsammer, and Joseph Weiler, 'European Political Cooperation and the Palestinian-Israeli Conflict: an Israeli Perspective' in Ilan Greilsammer and Joseph Weiler (eds), Europe and Israel: Troubled Neighbours (Walter de Gruyter, Berlin, 1988), pp. 140-146.
12. Richard Owen, 'European Alarm over the Middle East: Twelve Propose International Peace Conference', The Times, 24 February 1987.
13. Joseph Alpher, 'The Political Role of the European Union in the Arab-Israel Peace Process: An Israeli Perspective' (1998) 4 The International Spectator, pp. 80-81.
14. European Commission, General Report 1998, .
15. see the Annex to the European Commission document IP/02/1561 (28 November 2002) about the approval of a EUR29 million aid package in support of the Palestinian reform and in reaction to the deteriorating situation .
16. Curt Gasteyger, An Ambiguous Power: The European Union in a Changing World (Bertelsmann, Gütersloh, 1996), p. 57.
17. For a discussion about the relevance of considering the EU as a foreign policy actor, see Brian White, 'European Challenge to Foreign Policy Analysis' (1999) 1 European Journal of International Relations, pp. 37-66.
18. Ben Soetendorp, Foreign Policy in the European Union: Theory, History and Practice (Longman, London, 1999), p. 147.
19. see Philippe Moreau Defarges, Les Institutions Européennes (Colin, Paris, 2001), pp. 175-180.
20. For a further discussion on the ambiguities of the Nice Treaty see Françoise de La Serre, 'Le Traité de Nice: Déconstruction ou Refondation de l'Union ?' (2001) 2 Politique Etrangère, pp. 258-275.
21. Raymond Aron, Paix et Guerre entre les Nations (Calmann-Levy, Paris, 1984), pp. 18-19.
22. For a synthetic assessment of the challenges to Realism and its actual status, see Timothy Dunne, 'Realism' in John Baylis and Steve Smith (eds), The Globalization of World Politics. An Introduction to International Relations (Oxford University Press, Oxford, 1999), pp. 119-124.
23. For an insight on the recent developments of diplomacy as regards 'strategies of peace', see Charles-Philippe David, La Guerre et la Paix: Approches Contemporaines de la Sécurité et de la Stratégie (Presses de Sciences Po, Paris, 2000), particularly the last section 'Les Stratégies de Paix', pp. 331-445.
24. Karen Smith, 'The Use of Political Conditionality in the EU's Relations with Third Countries: How Effective?' (1998) 3 EFA Rev, pp. 253-274 at p. 265.
25. see Marise Cremona, 'The European Union as an International Actor: the Issues of Flexibility and Linkage' (1998) 3 EFA Rev, pp. 67-94.
26. See Christopher Hill, 'The EU's Capacity for Conflict Prevention' (2001) 6 EFA Rev, pp. 315-333 at p. 327. Our use of 'repertoire of action' is an attempt to be as comprehensive as possible in our review of available means and tools of action for the European Union.
27. See the analysis of Georges Corm, Le Proche-Orient Éclaté, 1956-2000 (Gallimard, Paris,1999), pp. 707-710.
28. François Duchêne, 'Israel in the Eyes of Europeans: a Speculative Essay' in Ilan Greilsammer and Joseph H. H. Weiler (eds), Europe and Israel: Troubled Neighbours (Walter de Gruyter, Berlin, 1988), p. 22.
29. Claire Spencer, 'New European Approaches to the Middle East Peace Process?' (1997) Brassey's Defense Yearbook 1997, pp. 97-163.
30. See Volker Perthes, 'Points of Difference, Cases for Cooperation. European Critiques of US Middle East Policy', Middle East Report, Fall 1998, pp. 30-31.
31. Rosemary Hollis, 'Europe and the Middle East: Power by Stealth?' (1997) 1 International Affairs, p. 17.
32. For an assessment of the debate that took place inside the European Union, see Isabelle Avran, 'Comment l'Europe peut faire pression sur Israël' (July 1998) Le Monde Diplomatique, p. 5.
33. For an assessment of the Bush Administration policy, see Jerrold Green, note 2 above; and Kenneth Stein, 'La Doctrine Bush et le Moyen-Orient' (2002) 1 Politique Etrangère, pp. 149-171.
34. See European Commission, 'EU Budgetary Support to the Palestinian Authority' in The EU & the Middle East: Position & background, Latest update: 05/08/02, .
35. On the notion of 'international actorness' see Stelios Stavridis and Justin Hutchence, 'Mediterranean Challenges to the EU's Foreign Policy' (2000) 5 EFA Rev, pp. 35-62 at pp. 38-39.
36. Chris Patten, Statement to the Foreign Affairs Committee on EU budgetary assistance to the Palestinian Authority, Brussels, 19 June 2002, Document SPEECH/02/293, .
37. and Hussein Agba and Robert Malley, 'The Last Negotiation. How to End the Middle East Peace Process' (2002) 3 Foreign Affairs, p. 18.
38. Javier Solana, 'L'Europe Puissance' (2001) 2 Politique internationale, p. 223.
39. Todds Purdum and David E. Sanger, 'US in surprise annonces global talks for Mideast', New York Times, 3 May 2002.
40. 'M. Bush renvoie les travaux du Quartet à l'après-élections israéliennes', Le Monde, 22-23 December 2002.
41. 'Le gouvernement d'Ariel Sharon accepte la feuille de route', Le Monde, 27 May 2003; 'Israel's road map reservations', Haaretz, 27 May 2003.