Towards multi-resolution global climate modeling with ECHAM6-FESOM. Part II: climate variability

Climate Dynamics

Volumn 50, Issue 7-8, 2018, Pages 2369-2394

  Rackow, T ^a   Goessling, H F ^a   Jung, T ^a   Sidorenko, D ^a   Semmler, T ^a   Barbi, D ^a   Handorf, D ^a  

^a ALFRED WEGENER INSTITUTE FOR POLAR AND MARINE RESEARCH   (Germany)

Author keywords

AWI climate model; El Ni o Southern Oscillation; Hiatus analogs; Multi resolution; Unstructured mesh; Variability

Indexed keywords

EID: 85039064885     PISSN: 09307575     EISSN: 14320894     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1007/s00382-016-3192-6     Document Type: Article

References (70)

1. Adler RF, Huffman GJ, Chang A, Ferraro R, Xie P-P, Janowiak J, Rudolf B, Schneider U, Curtis S, Bolvin D, Gruber A, Susskind J, Arkin P, Nelkin E (2003) The version-2 global precipitation climatology project (GPCP) monthly precipitation analysis (1979-present). J Hydrometeorol 4(6):1147–1167
2. Alexander MA, Blad I, Newman M, Lanzante JR, Lau N-C, Scott JD (2002) The atmospheric bridge: the influence of ENSO teleconnections on air–sea interaction over the global oceans. J Clim 15(16):2205–2231. doi:10.1175/1520-0442(2002)015<2205:TABTIO>2.0.CO;2
3. An S-I (2008) Interannual variations of the tropical ocean instability wave and ENSO. J Clim 21(15):3680–3686. doi:10.1175/2008JCLI1701.1
4. Bjerknes J (1966) A possible response of the atmospheric Hadley circulation to equatorial anomalies of ocean temperature. Tellus 18(4):820–829. doi:10.1111/j.2153-3490.1966.tb00303.x
5. Boer GJ (2000) A study of atmosphere-ocean predictability on long time scales. Clim Dyn 16(6):469–477. doi:10.1007/s003820050340
6. Burgers G, Stephenson DB (1999) The “normality” of El Niño. Geophys Res Lett 26(8):1027–1030. doi:10.1029/1999GL900161
7. Chen C, Liu H, Beardsley RC (2003) An unstructured grid, finite-volume, three-dimensional, primitive equations ocean model: application to coastal ocean and estuaries. J Atmos Ocean Technol 20(1):159–186. doi:10.1175/1520-0426(2003)020<0159:AUGFVT>2.0.CO;2
8. Chen X, Tung K-K (2014) Varying planetary heat sink led to global-warming slowdown and acceleration. Science 345(6199):897–903
9. Collins M, Tett SFB, Cooper C (2001) The internal climate variability of HadCM3, a version of the Hadley Centre coupled model without flux adjustments. Clim Dyn 17(1):61–81. doi:10.1007/s003820000094
10. Collins WJ, Bellouin N, Doutriaux-Boucher M, Gedney N, Halloran P, Hinton T, Hughes J, Jones CD, Joshi M, Liddicoat S, Martin G, O’Connor F, Rae J, Senior C, Sitch S, Totterdell I, Wiltshire A, Woodward S (2011) Development and evaluation of an Earth-system model - HadGEM2. Geosci Model Dev Discuss 4(2):997–1062
11. Danilov S, Kivman G, Schröter J (2004) A finite-element ocean model: principles and evaluation. Ocean Model 6(2):125–150
12. Dee DP, Uppala SM, Simmons AJ, Berrisford P, Poli P, Kobayashi S, Andrae U, Balmaseda MA, Balsamo G, Bauer P, Bechtold P, Beljaars ACM, van de Berg L, Bidlot L, Bormann N, Delsol C, Dragani R, Fuentes M, Geer AJ, Haimberger L, Healy SB, Hersbach H, Holm EV, Isaksen L, Kallberg P, Koehler M, Matricardi M, McNally AP, Monge-Sanz BM, Morcrette JJ, Park BK, Peubey C, de Rosnay P, Tavolato C, Thepaut JN, Vitart F (2011) The ERA-interim reanalysis: configuration and performance of the data assimilation system. Q J R Meteorol Soc 137(656, Part a):553–597
13. Delworth TL, Mann ME (2000) Observed and simulated multidecadal variability in the Northern Hemisphere. Clim Dyn 16(9):661–676. doi:10.1007/s003820000075
14. Delworth TL et al (2006) GFDL’s CM2 global coupled climate models. Part I: formulation and simulation characteristics. J Clim 19:643–674
15. Deser C, Alexander MA, Xie S-P, Phillips AS (2010) Sea surface temperature variability: patterns and mechanisms. Annu Rev Mar Sci 2(1):115–143
16. Drijfhout S, Gleeson E, Dijkstra HA, Livina V (2013) Spontaneous abrupt climate change due to an atmospheric blocking-sea-ice-ocean feedback in an unforced climate model simulation. Proc Nat Acad Sci 110(49):19713–19718
17. England MH, McGregor S, Spence P, Meehl GA, Timmermann A, Cai W, Gupta AS, McPhaden MJ, Purich A, Santoso A (2014) Recent intensification of wind-driven circulation in the Pacific and the ongoing warming hiatus. Nat Clim Change 4:222–227
18. Feldstein S, Lee S (1996) Mechanisms of zonal index variability in an aquaplanet GCM. J Atmos Sci 53(23):3541–3555
19. Fetterer F, Knowles K, Meier W, Savoie M (2002) Updated 2009. Sea ice index, digital media. National Snow and Ice Data Center, Boulder
20. Gent PR, Danabasoglu G, Donner LJ, Holland MM, Hunke EC, Jayne SR, Lawrence DM, Neale RB, Rasch PJ, Vertenstein M, Worley PH, Yang Z-L, Zhang M (2011) The community climate system model version 4. J Clim 24(19):4973–4991
21. Giorgetta MA, Jungclaus JH et al (2013) Climate and carbon cycle changes from 1850 to 2100 in MPI-ESM simulations for the coupled model intercomparison project phase 5. J.Adv Model Earth Syst 5(3):572–597
22. Gleckler PJ, Taylor KE, Doutriaux C (2008) Performance metrics for climate models. J Geophys Res Atmos. doi:10.1029/2007JD008972
23. Goosse H, Renssen H (2001) A two-phase response of the southern ocean to an increase in greenhouse gas concentrations. Geophys Res Lett 28(18):3469–3472. doi:10.1029/2001GL013525
24. Graham T (2014) The importance of eddy permitting model resolution for simulation of the heat budget of tropical instability waves. Ocean Model 79:21–32
25. Griffies SM, Winton M, Donner LJ, Horowitz LW, Downes SM, Farneti R, Gnanadesikan A, Hurlin WJ, Lee H-C, Liang Z, Palter JB, Samuels BL, Wittenberg AT, Wyman BL, Yin J, Zadeh N (2011) The GFDL CM3 coupled climate model: characteristics of the ocean and sea ice simulations. J Clim 24(13):3520–3544
26. Handorf D, Dethloff K (2012) How well do state-of-the-art atmosphere-ocean general circulation models reproduce atmospheric teleconnection patterns? Tellus 64:19777
27. Harris LM, Durran DR (2010) An idealized comparison of one-way and two-way grid nesting. Mon Weather Rev 138(6):2174–2187. doi:10.1175/2010MWR3080.1
28. Hawkins E, Edwards T, McNeall D (2014) Pause for thought. Nat Clim Change 4(3):154–156. doi:10.1038/nclimate2150
29. Huber M, Knutti R (2014) Natural variability, radiative forcing and climate response in the recent hiatus reconciled. Nat Geosci 7(9):651–656
30. King MD, Menzel WP, Kaufman YJ, Tanre D, Gao B-C, Platnick S, Ackerman SA, Remer LA, Pincus R, Hubanks PA (2003) Cloud and aerosol properties, precipitable water, and profiles of temperature and water vapor from MODIS. IEEE Trans Geosci Remote Sens 41(2):442–458
31. Loeb NG, Kato S, Su W, Wong T, Rose FG, Doelling DR, Norris JN, Huang X (2012) Advances in understanding top-of-atmosphere radiation variability from satellite observations. Surv Geophys 33:359–385
32. Mantua NJ, Hare SR, Zhang Y, Wallace JM, Francis RC (1997) A Pacific interdecadal climate oscillation with impacts on salmon production. Bull Am Meteorl Soc 78(6):1069–1079. doi:10.1175/1520-0477(1997)078<1069:APICOW>2.0.CO;2
33. Marshall J, Plumb R (2007) Atmosphere, ocean and climate dynamics: an introductory text, 93rd edn., International geophysics series, Elsevier, Amsterdam
34. Marshall J, Speer K (2012) Closure of the meridional overturning circulation through Southern Ocean upwelling. Nat Geosci 5(3):171–180. doi:10.1038/ngeo1391
35. Marshall J, Scott J, Armour K, Campin J-M, Kelley M, Romanou A (2013) The ocean’s role in the transient response of climate to abrupt greenhouse gas forcing. Clim Dyn 44(7):2287–2299
36. Marshall J, Armour KC, Scott JR, Kostov Y, Hausmann U, Ferreira D, Shepherd TG, Bitz CM (2014) The ocean’s role in polar climate change: asymmetric Arctic and Antarctic responses to greenhouse gas and ozone forcing. Philos Trans R Soc Lond A Math Phys Eng Sci 372(2019):20130040 doi:10.1098/rsta.2013.0040
37. Marsland S, Haak H, Jungclaus J, Latif M, Röske F (2003) The Max-Planck-Institute global ocean/sea ice model with orthogonal curvilinear coordinates. Ocean Model 5(2):91–127
38. Martin T, Park W, Latif M (2014) Southern Ocean forcing of the North Atlantic at multi-centennial time scales in the Kiel Climate Model. Deep Sea Res Part II Top Stud Oceanogr. http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0967064514000320
39. Meehl GA, Arblaster JM, Fasullo JT, Hu A, Trenberth KE (2011) Model-based evidence of deep-ocean heat uptake during surface-temperature hiatus periods. Nat Clim Change 1:360–364
40. Meehl GA, Teng H (2014) CMIP5 multi-model hindcasts for the mid-1970s shift and early 2000s hiatus and predictions for 2016–2035. Geophys Res Lett 41(5):1711–1716
41. Miller A, Cayan D, Barnett T, Graham N, Oberhuber J (1994) The 1976–77 climate shift of the Pacific Ocean. Oceanography 7(1):21–26
42. Morice CP, Kennedy JJ, Rayner NA, Jones PD (2012) Quantifying uncertainties in global and regional temperature change using an ensemble of observational estimates: the HadCRUT4 dataset. J Geophys Res 117:D08101. doi:10.1029/2011JD017187
43. Newman M, Compo GP, Alexander MA (2003) ENSO-forced variability of the Pacific decadal oscillation. J Clim 16(23):3853–3857. doi:10.1175/1520-0442(2003)016<3853:EVOTPD>2.0.CO;2
44. Park W, Latif M (2010) Pacific and Atlantic multidecadal variability in the Kiel Climate Model. Geophys Res Lett. doi:10.1029/2010GL045560
45. Pennell C, Reichler T (2011) On the effective number of climate models. J Clim 24(9):2358–2367
46. Pierce DW (2001) Distinguishing coupled ocean-atmosphere interactions from background noise in the North Pacific. Prog Oceanogr 49(1–4) 331 – 352. http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0079661101000295
47. Platnick S, King MD, Ackerman SA, Menzel WP, Baum BA, Riedi JC, Frey RA (2003) The MODIS cloud products: algorithms and examples from Terra. IEEE Trans Geosci Remote Sens 41(2):459–473
48. Pohlmann H, Botzet M, Latif M, Roesch A, Wild M, Tschuck P (2004) Estimating the decadal predictability of a coupled AOGCM. J Clim 17(22):4463–4472. doi:10.1175/3209.1
49. Rayner NA, Parker DE, Horton EB, Folland CK, Alexander LV, Rowell DP, Kent EC, Kaplan A (2003) Global analyses of sea surface temperature, sea ice, and night marine air temperature since the late nineteenth century. J Geophys Res 108(D14):4407
50. Reichler T, Kim J (2008) How well do coupled models simulate today’s climate? Bull Am Meteorol Soc 89(3):303–311
51. Ringler T, Petersen M, Higdon RL, Jacobsen D, Jones PW, Maltrud M (2013) A multi-resolution approach to global ocean modeling. Ocean Model 69:211–232
52. Ruiz-Barradas A, Nigam S, Kavvada A (2013) The Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation in twentieth century climate simulations: uneven progress from CMIP3 to CMIP5. Clim Dyn 41(11):3301–3315
53. Schlesinger ME, Ramankutty N (1994) An oscillation in the global climate system of period 65–70 years. Nature 367(6465):723–726. doi:10.1038/367723a0
54. Sidorenko D, Rackow T, Jung T, Semmler T, Barbi D, Danilov S, Dethloff K, Dorn W, Fieg K, Goessling HF, Handorf D, Harig S, Hiller W, Juricke S, Losch M, Schröter J, Sein D, Wang Q (2014) Towards multi-resolution global climate modeling with ECHAM6-FESOM. Part I: model formulation and mean climate. Clim Dyn 1–24. doi:10.1007/s00382-014-2290-6
55. Stevens B, Giorgetta M, Esch M, Mauritsen T, Crueger T, Rast S, Salzmann M, Schmidt H, Bader J, Block K et al (2013) The atmospheric component of the MPI-M earth system model: ECHAM6. J Adv Model Earth Syst 5(2):146–172
56. Stocker T, Qin D, Plattner G-K, Alexander L, Allen S, Bindoff N, Bron F-M, Church J, Cubasch U, Emori S, Forster P, Friedlingstein P, Gillett N, Gregory J, Hartmann D, Jansen E, Kirtman B, Knutti R, Kumar KK, Lemke P, Marotzke J, Masson-Delmotte V, Meehl G, Mokhov I, Piao S, Ramaswamy V, Randall D, Rhein M, Rojas M, Sabine C, Shindell D, Talley L, Vaughan D, Xie S-P (2013) Technical Summary. In: Stocker TF, Qin D, Plattner G-K, Tignor M, Allen SK, Boschung J, Nauels A, Xia Y, Bex V, Midgley PM (eds) Climate Change 2013: The physical science basis. Contribution of working group I to the fifth assessment report of the intergovernmental panel on climate change. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge
57. Stouffer RJ, Manabe S, Vinnikov KY (1994) Model assessment of the role of natural variability in recent global warming. Nature 367(6464):634–636
58. Sumata H, Lavergne T, Girard-Ardhuin F, Kimura N, Tschudi MA, Kauker F, Karcher M, Gerdes R (2014) An intercomparison of Arctic ice drift products to deduce uncertainty estimates. J Geophys Res Oceans. doi:10.1002/2013JC009724
59. Taylor KE, Stouffer RJ, Meehl GA (2012) An overview of CMIP5 and the experiment design. Bull Am Meteorol Soc 93(4):485–498
60. Trenberth KE, Fasullo JT (2013) An apparent hiatus in global warming? Earth’s Future 1(1):19–32
61. Trenberth KE, Hurrell JW (1994) Decadal atmosphere-ocean variations in the Pacific. Clim Dyn 9(6):303–319. doi:10.1007/BF00204745
62. Trenberth KE, Shea DJ (2006) Atlantic hurricanes and natural variability in 2005. Geophys Res Lett. doi:10.1029/2006GL026894
63. Uppala SM, Kallberg PW, Simmons AJ, Andrae U, Bechtold VD, Fiorino M, Gibson JK, Haseler J, Hernandez A, Kelly GA, Li X, Onogi K, Saarinen S, Sokka N, Allan RP, Andersson E, Arpe K, Balmaseda MA, Beljaars ACM, Van De Berg L, Bidlot J, Bormann N, Caires S, Chevallier F, Dethof A, Dragosavac M, Fisher M, Fuentes M, Hagemann S, Holm E, Hoskins BJ, Isaksen L, Janssen PAEM, Jenne R, McNally AP, Mahfouf JF, Morcrette JJ, Rayner NA, Saunders RW, Simon P, Sterl A, Trenberth KE, Untch A, Vasiljevic D, Viterbo P, Woollen J (2005) The ERA-40 re-analysis. Q J R Meteorol Soc 131:2961–3012
64. Valcke S, Craig T, Coquart L (2013) OASIS3-MCT user guide, OASIS3-MCT 2.0. Technical report, TR/CMGC/13/17, CERFACS/CNRS SUC URA No 1875, Toulouse, France
65. von Storch H, Zwiers FW (1999) Statistical analysis in climate research. University Press, Cambridge
66. Wang Q, Danilov S, Schröter J (2008) Finite element ocean circulation model based on triangular prismatic elements, with application in studying the effect of topography representation. J Geophys Res 113(C5):C05015 doi:10.1029/2007JC004482
67. Wang Q, Danilov S, Sidorenko D, Timmermann R, Wekerle C, Wang X, Jung T, Schröter J (2014) The finite element sea ice-ocean model (fesom) v.1.4: formulation of an ocean general circulation model. Geosci Model Dev 7(2) 663–693. http://www.geosci-model-dev.net/7/663/2014/
68. Watanabe S, Hajima T, Sudo K, Nagashima T, Takemura T, Okajima H, Nozawa T, Kawase H, Abe M, Yokohata T, Ise T, Sato H, Kato E, Takata K, Emori S, Kawamiya M (2011) MIROC-ESM 2010: model description and basic results of CMIP5-20c3m experiments. Geosci Model Dev 4(4):845–872
69. Watanabe M, Shiogama H, Tatebe H, Hayashi M, Ishii M, Kimoto M (2014) Contribution of natural decadal variability to global warming acceleration and hiatus. Nat Clim Change 4(10):893–897
70. Welch PD (1967) The use of fast Fourier transform for the estimation of power spectra: a method based on time averaging over short, modified periodograms. Audio Electroacoust IEEE Trans 15(2):70–73