Human dispersal from siberia to beringia assessing a beringian standstill in light of the archaeological evidence

Current Anthropology

Volumn 58, Issue , 2017, Pages S583-S603

  Graf, Kelly E ^a   Buvit, Ian ^b  

^a TEXAS A AND M UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^b CENTRAL WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 85037620919     PISSN: 00113204     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1086/693388     Document Type: Article

References (244)

1. Abramova, Zoya A. 1975. Paleolit Eniseia [The Paleolithic of the Enisei]. Kratkie Soobshchenia 141:3–11.
2. Abramova, Zoya A. 1986. Klinovidnie nukleusi v Paleolite Severnoi Azii [Wedge-shaped cores in the Paleolithic of North Asia]. In Paleolit i Neolit. V. P. Liubin, ed. Pp. 11–16. Leningrad: Nauka.
3. Abramova, Zoya A. 1995. L’art Paléolithique d’Europe Orientale et de Sibérie [Art of the Paleolithic of Eastern Europe and Siberia]. Grenoble: Jerome Millon.
4. Abramova, Zoya A., S. N. Astakhov, Sergei A. Vasil’ev, N. M. Ermalova, and N. F. Lisitsyn. 1991. Paleolit Eniseia [The Paleolithic of the Enisei]. Leningrad: Nauka.
5. Abramova, Zoya A., T. Yu Grechkina. 1985. Ob okhote i okhotnich’em vooruzshenii v pozdnem Paleolite vostochnoi Sibiri [About hunting and hunting weapons in the late Paleolithic of eastern Siberia]. Kratkie Soobshchenia 181:44–49.
6. Ackerman, Robert E. 2001. Spein Mountain: a mesa-complex site in southwestern Alaska. Arctic Anthropology 38(2):81–97.
7. Ackerman, Robert E. 2011. Microblade assemblages in southwestern Alaska: an early Holocene adaptation. In From the Yenisei to the Yukon: interpreting lithic assemblage variability in late Pleistocene/early Holocene Beringia. T. Goebel and I. Buvit, eds. Pp. 255–269. College Station: Texas A&M University Press.
8. Ackerman, Robert E., T. D. Hamilton, and R. Stuckenrath. 1979. Early culture complexes on the northern Northwest Coast. Canadian Journal of Archaeology 3:195–209.
9. Akimova, Elena V., Nikolai I. Drozdov, Sergei A. Laukhin, V. P. Chekha, L. A. Orlova, V. G. Kol’tsova, A. F. San’ko, and E. G. Shpakova. 2005. Paleolit Eniseia: Listvenka [The Paleolithic of the Enisei: Listvenka]. Institut Arkheologii i Etnografii Sibirskogo Otdeleniia Rossiiskoi Akademii. Krasnoiarsk: Nauka.
10. Akimova, Elena V., O. A. Gorel’chenkova, I. V. Stasiuk, E. A. Tomilova, and L. A. Orlova. 2003. Mestonakhozhdeniia rannesartanskogo vremeni podtaezhnoi zony srednego Eniseia [An early Sartan site in the Taiga of the Middle Enisei]. In Drevnosti Prieniseiskoi Sibiri: vypusk 2. Sbornik nauchykh trudov. Pp. 20–28. Krasnoiarsk: KGU.
11. Akimova, Elena V., I. Stasyuk, V. Harevich, A. Motuzko, S. Laukhin, and L. Orlova. 2010. The Late Paleolithic study of Derbina Bay (Krasnoyarsk Reservoir, Siberia). In Quaternary stratigraphy and paleontology of southern Russia: connections between Europe, Africa and Asia. Pp. 14–18. Abstract volume of the 2010 Annual Meeting INQUA-SEQS, Rostov-on-Don, Russia, June 21–26.
12. Alexander, H. L. 1987. Putu: a fluted point site in Alaska. Publication no. 17. Burnaby, British Columbia: Department of Anthropology, Simon Fraser University.
13. Anderson, Douglas D. 1970. Microblade traditions in northwestern Alaska. Arctic Anthropology 9(1):66–117.
14. Anderson, Douglas D. 1988. Onion Portage: the archaeology of a stratified site from the Kobuk River, northwest Alaska. Anthropological Papers of the University of Alaska 22. Fairbanks: University of Alaska Press.
15. Andrefsky, William, Jr. 1987. Diffusion and innovation from the perspective of wedge shaped cores in Alaska and Japan. In The organization of core technology. J. K. Johnson and C. A. Morrow, eds. Pp. 13–43. Boulder: Westview.
16. Anikhovich, M. V., A. A. Sinitsyn, J. F. Hoffecker, V. T. Holiday, V. V. Popov, S. N. Lisitsyn, S. L. Forman, et al. 2007. Early Upper Paleolithic in eastern Europe and implications for the dispersal of modern humans. Science 315: 223–226.
17. Astakhov, Sergei N. 1999. Paleolit Eniseia: Paleoliticheskie stoianki Afontovoi Gore v G. Krasnoiarske [The Paleolithic of the Enisei: the Paleolithic site of Afontova Gora in the city of Krasnoiarsk]. St. Petersburg: RAN.
18. Astakhov, Sergei N. 2008. Paleoliticheskie Pamiatniki Tuvy [Paleolithic sites of the Tuva]. St. Petersburg: RAN.
19. Bazarov, D.-D. B., M. V. Konstantinov, A. B. Imetkhenov, L. D. Bazarova, and V. V. Savinova. 1982. Geologia i kul’tura drevnikh poselenii zapanogo Za-baikal’ia [Geology and culture of ancient sites of the western Transbaikal]. Novosibirsk: Nauka.
20. Bever, Michael R. 2008. Distinguishing Holocene microblades from a Paleo-indian component at the Mesa site, Alaska. Journal of Field Archaeology 33: 133–150.
21. Bezrukova, E. V., P. E. Tarasov, N. Solovieva, S. K. Krivonogov, and F. Riedel. 2010. Last glacial-interglacial vegetation and environmental dynamics in southern Siberia: chronology, forcing and feedbacks. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 296:185–198.
22. Binford, L. R. 2001. Constructing frames of reference. Berkeley: University of California Press.
23. Bortolini, M.-C., F. M. Salzano, M. G. Thomas, S. Stuart, S. P. K. Nasanen, C. H. D. Bau, M. H. Hutz, et al. 2003. Y-chromosome evidence for differing ancient demographic histories in the Americas. American Journal of Human Genetics 73:524–539.
24. Bourgeon, Lauriane, Ariane Burke, and Thomas Higham. 2017. Earliest human presence in North America dated to the last glacial maximum: new radiocarbon dates from Bluefish Caves, Canada. PLoS ONE 12(1):e0169486, doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0169486.
25. Bowers, Peter M. 1980. The Carlo Creek Site: geology and archaeology of an early Holocene site in the Central Alaska Range. Occasional Papers no. 27. Fairbanks: Anthropology and Historic Preservation Cooperative Park Series Unit, University of Alaska.
26. Buvit, Ian, M. Izuho, K. Terry, M. V. Konstantinov, and A. V. Konstantinov. 2016. Corrigendum to “Radiocarbon dates, microblades, and human migrations in the Transbaikal, Russian and the Paleo-Sakhalin-Hokkaido-Kuril Peninsula.” Quaternary International 425:120–139.
27. Buvit, Ian, and K. Terry. 2011. The twilight of Paleolithic Siberia: humans and their environments east of Lake Baikal at the Pleistocene/Holocene boundary. Quaternary International 242:379–400.
28. Buvit, Ian, K. Terry, M. Izuho, M. V. Konstantinov, and A. V. Konstantinov. 2015. Last glacial maximum human occupation of the Transbaikal, Siberia. PaleoAmerica 1(4):374–376.
29. Buzhilova, Alexandra, Anatoly Derevianko, and Michael Shunkov. 2017. The northern dispersal route: bioarchaeological data from the Late Pleistocene of Altai, Siberia. Current Anthropology 58(suppl. 17):S491–S503.
30. Cinq-Mars, J., C. R. Harington, D. E. Nelson, and R. S. MacNeish. 1991. Engigstciak revisited: a note on early Holocene AMS dates from the “Buffalo Pit.” In NOGAP archaeology project: an integrated archaeological research and management approach. J. Cinq-Mars and J. L. Pilon, eds. Pp. 33–44. Occasional Paper no. 1. Montreal, QC: Canadian Archaeological Association.
31. Clark, D. W. 1981. Prehistory of the western subarctic. In Subarctic, vol. 6 of Handbook of North American Indians. J. Helm, ed. Pp. 107–129. Washington DC: Smithsonian Institution.
32. Clark, P. U., A. S. Dyke, J. D. Shakun, A. E. Carlson, J. Clark, B. Wohlfarth, J. X. Mitrovica, S. W. Hostetler, and A. M. McCabe. 2009. The last glacial maximum. Science 325:710–714.
33. Coffman, S., and J. T. Rasic. 2015. Rhyolite characterization and distribution in central Alaska. Journal of Archaeological Science 57:142–157.
34. Davis, L. G., D. W. Bean, A. J. Nyers, and D. R. Brauner. 2015. GLIMR: a GIS-based method for the geometric morphometric analysis of artifacts. Lithic Technology 40(3):199–217.
35. Dennell, Robin. 2017. Human colonization of Asia in the Late Pleistocene: the history of an invasive species. Current Anthropology 58(suppl. 17):S383– S396.
36. Derenko, M. V., T. Grzybowski, B. A. Malyarchuk, J. Czarny, D. Miścicka Śliwka, and I. A. Zakharov. 2007. The presence of mitochondrial haplogroup X in Altaians from south Siberia. American Journal of Human Genetics 69: 237–241.
37. Derevianko, A. P. 1998. The Paleolithic of Siberia: new discoveries and interpretations. Urbana: University of Illinois Press.
38. Derevianko, A. P. 2005. Formation of blade industries in Eastern Asia. Archaeology, Ethnology and Anthropology of Eurasia 4(24):2–29.
39. Derevianko, A. P. 2010. Three scenarios of the Middle to Upper Paleolithic transition. Archaeology, Ethnology and Anthropology of Eurasia 38(3):2–32.
40. Derevianko, A. P., A. K. Agadzhanian, G. F. Baryshnikov, M. I. Dergacheva, T. A. Dupal, E. M. Malaeva, S. V. Markin, et al. 1998. Arkheologiia, geologiia i paleogeografiia Pleistotsena i Golotsena Gornogo Altaia [Archaeology, geology, and paleogeography of the Pleistocene and Holocene in the Altai Mountains]. Novosibirsk: Institute of Archaeology and Ethnography Press.
41. Derevianko, A. P., and S. V. Markin. 1998. Paleolit Severa-Zapada Altae-Saian [The Paleolithic of the north-west Altai-Sayan]. Rossiskaia Arkhaeologiia 1998(4):17–34.
42. Derevianko, A. P., and E. P. Rybin. 2005. The earliest representations of symbolic behavior by Paleolithic humans in the Altai Mountains. In The Middle to Upper Paleolithic transitions in Eurasia: hypotheses and facts. A. P. Derevianko, ed. Pp. 232–255. Novosibirsk: Institute of Archaeology and Ethnography Press.
43. Derevianko, A. P., and M. V. Shunkov. 2005. Formation of the Upper Paleolithic traditions in the Altai. In The Middle to Upper Paleolithic transitions in Eurasia: hypotheses and facts. A. P. Derevianko, ed. Pp. 283–311. Novosibirsk: Institute of Archaeology and Ethnography Press.
44. Derevianko, A. P., M. V. Shunkov, K. A. Kolobova, and V. T. Petrin. 2005. Principal techniques of secondary reduction of stone tools in Paleolithic industries of the Gorny Altai. In The Middle to Upper Paleolithic transitions in Eurasia: hypotheses and facts. A. P. Derevianko, ed. Pp. 312–331. Novosibirsk: Institute of Archaeology and Ethnography Press.
45. Derevianko, A. P., M. V. Shunkov, and P. V. Volkov. 2008. A Paleolithic bracelet from Denisova Cave. Archaeology Ethnology and Anthropology of Eurasia 34(2):13–25.
46. Derevianko, A. P., M. V. Shyn’kov, A. K. Agadzhanian, G. F. Baryshnikov, E. M. Maleva, V. A. Ul’ianov, N. A. Kulik, A. V. Postnov, and A. A. Anoikin. 2003. Prirodnaia sreda i chelovek v Paleolite Gornogo Altaia: Usloviia Obitaniia v Okrestnostiikh Denisovoi Peshchery [Paleoenvironment and Paleolithic occupation of the Altai Mountains: subsistence and adaptation in the vicinity of Denisova Cave]. Novosibirsk: Institute of Archaeology and Ethnography Press.
47. Derevianko, A. P., and V. N. Zenin. 1995. Paleolit Selemdzha [Paleolithic of the Selemdzha]. Novosibirsk: Institute Arkheologii i Ethnografii Sibirskoe Otdelenie, Rossiiskaia Akademiia Nauka.
48. Dikov, N. N. 1968. The discovery of the Palaeolithic in Kamchatka and the problem of the initial occupation of America. Arctic Anthropology 5(1):191– 203.
49. Dixon, James E., and K. Monteleone. 2014. Gateway to the Americas: underwater archaeological survey in Beringia and the North Pacific. In Prehistoric archaeology on the continental shelf. A. M. Evans, J. Flatman, and N. Flemming, eds. Pp. 95–114. New York: Springer.
50. Douka, Katerina, and Tom Higham. 2017. The chronological factor in understanding the Middle and Upper Paleolithic of Eurasia. Current Anthropology 58(suppl. 17):S480–S490.
51. Drozdov, N. I., V. P. Chekha, S. A. Laukhin, V. G. Kol’tsova, E. V. Akimova, A. V. Ermolaev, V. P. Leont’ev, et al. 1990. Khrono-stratigrafiia Paleoliticheskikh pamiatnikov srednei Sibiri: Bassein R. Yenisei [Chronostratigraphy of the Paleolithic sites of Central Siberia: Yenisei River Basin]. Novosibirsk: Nauka.
52. Dumond, D. E. 1977. The Eskimos and the Aleuts. London: Thames & Hudson.
53. Dumond, D. E. 1980. The archaeology of Alaska and the peopling of America. Science 209:984–991.
54. Dumond, D. E. 2001. The archaeology of eastern Beringia: some contrasts and connections. Arctic Anthropology 38:196–205.
55. Fagundes, N. J. R., R. Kanitz, and S. L. A. Bonatto. 2008. Reevaluation of the Native American mtDNA genome diversity and its bearing on the models of early colonization of Beringia. PLoS ONE 3:e3157.
56. Fiedel, S. J., Yaroslav V. Kuzmin, and S. G. Keates. 2007. Siberia in the Late Glacial, ca. 18,000–10,000 rcybp (20,000–12,000 calybp): did climate impact Paleolithic populations? Current Research in the Pleistocene 24:29–31.
57. Fix, A. G. 1999. Migration and colonization in human microevolution. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
58. Fix, A. G. 2002. Colonization models and initial genetic diversity in the Americas. Human Biology 74:1–10.
59. Fu, Q., H. Li, P. Moorjani, F. Jay, S. M. Slepchenko, A. A. Bondarev, P. L. F. Johnson, et al. 2014. Genome sequence of a 45,000-year-old modern human from western Siberia. Nature 514:445–450.
60. Fu, Q., M. Meyer, X. Gao, U. Stenzel, H. A. Burbano, J. Kelso, and S. Pääbo. 2013. DNA analysis of an early modern human from Tianyuan Cave, China. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the USA 110(6): 223–227.
61. Gerasimov, M. M. 1935. Raskopki paleoliticheskoi stoiankoi v sele Mal’ta [Excavations of a Paleolithic site in Mal’ta village]. Izvestiia Gosudarstvennoi Akademii Istorii Material’noi Kul’tury 118:78–124.
62. Gerasimov, M. M. 1958. Paleoliticheskaiia stoianka Mal’ta: raskopi 1956–1958 gg. [The Paleolithic Mal’ta site: excavations 1956–1958]. Sovietskaia Etnografiia 3: 52–82.
63. Gilbert, M. T. P., D. L. Jenkins, A. Gotherstrom, N. Naveran, J. J. Sanchez, M. Hofreiter, P. F. Thomsen, et al. 2008. DNA from Pre-Clovis human coprolites in Oregon, North American. Science 320:786–789.
64. Goebel, T., W. R. Powers, N. H. Bigelow, and A. S. Higgs. 1996. Walker Road. In American beginnings: the prehistory and palaeoecology of Beringia. Frederick H. West, ed. Pp. 356–363. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
65. Goebel, T., and S. B. Slobodin. 1999. The colonization of western Beringia: technology, ecology, and adaptations. In Ice Age peoples of North America: environments, origins and adaptations of the first Americans. R. Bonnichsen and K. L. Turnmire, eds. Pp. 104–155. Corvallis: Oregon State University Press.
66. Goebel, Ted. 1999. Pleistocene human colonization of Siberia and peopling of the Americas: an ecological approach. Evolutionary Anthropology 8:208–227.
67. Goebel, Ted. 2002a. The “microblade adaptation” and recolonization of Siberia during the Late Upper Pleistocene. In Thinking small: global perspectives on microlithization. R. G. Elston and S. L. Kuhn, eds. Pp. 117–131. Archaeological Papers of the AAA, no. 12. Arlington, VA: American Anthropological Association.
68. Goebel, Ted. 2002b. The Middle to Upper Paleolithic transition in Siberia. In Archaeology and human paleoecology in the Holarctic. Pp. 94–114. Anthropological Papers of the University of Alaska, n.s., vol. 2, no. 1. Fairbanks: Department of Anthropology, University of Alaska.
69. Goebel, Ted. 2004a. The early Upper Paleolithic of Siberia. In The early Upper Paleolithic beyond Western Europe. J. Brantingham, S. L Kuhn, and K. W. Kerry, eds. Pp. 162–195. Berkeley: University of California Press.
70. Goebel, Ted. 2004b. The search for a Clovis progenitor in subarctic Siberia. In Entering the Americas: Northeast Asia and Beringia before the last glacial maximum. D. B. Madsen, ed. Pp. 311–356. Salt Lake City: University of Utah Press.
71. Goebel, Ted, and M. Aksenov. 1995. Accelerator radiocarbon dating of the initial Upper Palaeolithic in southeast Siberia. Antiquity 69:349–357.
72. Goebel, Ted, and Nancy H. Bigelow. 1996. Panguingue Creek. In American beginnings: the prehistory and palaeoecology of Beringia. Frederick H. West, ed. Pp. 366–371. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
73. Goebel, Ted, and I. Buvit, eds. 2011a. From the Yenisei to the Yukon: interpreting lithic assemblage variability in Late Pleistocene/Early Holocene Beringia. College Station: Texas A&M University Press.
74. Goebel, Ted, and I. Buvit, eds. 2011b. Introducing the archaeological record of Beringia. In From the Yenisei to the Yukon: interpreting lithic assemblage variability in Late Pleistocene/Early Holocene Beringia. T. Goebel and I. Buvit, eds. Pp. 1–30. College Station: Texas A&M University Press.
75. Goebel, Ted, A. P. Derevianko, and V. T. Petrin. 1993. Dating the Middle-to-Upper Paleolithic transition at Kara-Bom. Current Anthropology 34:452– 458.
76. Goebel, Ted, William R. Powers, and Nancy H. Bigelow. 1991. The Nenana complex of Alaska and Clovis origins. In Clovis: origins and adaptations. Robson Bonnichsen and Karen L. Turnmire, eds. Pp. 49–79. Corvallis, Oregon: Center for the Study of the First Americans.
77. Goebel, Ted, S. B. Slobodin, and M. R. Waters. 2010. New dates from Ushki-1, Kamchatka confirm 13,000 cal bp age for earliest Paleolithic occupation. Journal of Archaeological Science 37:2640–2649.
78. Goebel, Ted, Heather L. Smith, Lyndsay DiPietro, Michael R. Waters, Bryan Hockett, Kelly E. Graf, Robert Gal, et al. 2013. Serpentine Hot Springs, Alaska: results of excavations and implications for the age and significance of northern fluted points. Journal of Archaeological Science 40:4222–4233.
79. 14 C ages for the Tolbaga Upper Paleolithic site, Transbaikal, Siberia. Current Research in the Pleistocene 17: 32–33.
80. Goebel, Ted, M. R. Waters, I. Buvit, M. V. Konstantinov, and A. V. Konstantinov. 2000. Studenoe-2 and the origins of microblade technologies in the Transbaikal, Siberia. Antiquity 74:567–575.
81. Goebel, Ted, M. R. Waters, and M. Dikova. 2003. The archaeology of Ushki Lake, Kamchatka, and the Pleistocene peopling of the Americas. Science 301: 501–505.
82. Goebel, Ted, M. R. Waters, and M. N. Meshcherin. 2000. Masterov Kliuch and the early Upper Paleolithic of the Transbaikal, Siberia. Asian Perspectives 39(1/2):47–70.
83. Goebel, Ted, M. R. Waters, and D. H. O’Rourke. 2008. The late Pleistocene dispersal of modern humans in the Americas. Science 319:1497–1502
84. Gómez Coutouly, Yan A. 2011. Identifying pressure flaking modes at Diuktai Cave: a case study of the Siberian Upper Paleolithic microblade tradition. In From the Yenisei to the Yukon: interpreting lithic assemblage variability in Late Pleistocene/Early Holocene Beringia. T. Goebel and I. Buvit, eds. Pp. 75–90. College Station: Texas A&M University Press.
85. Gómez Coutouly, Yan A. 2012. Pressure microblade industries in Pleistocene-Holocene interior Alaska: current data and discussions. In Emergence of pressure blade making: from origins to modern experimentation. P. M. Desrosiers, ed. Pp. 347–374. New York: Springer.
86. Gore, Angela K., and K. E. Graf. 2018. Technology and human response to environmental change at the Pleistocene-Holocene boundary in central Alaska: a view from the Owl Ridge site. In Lithic technological organisation and paleoenvironmental change. E. Robinson and F. Sellet, eds. London: Springer, forthcoming.
87. Graf, K. E., and N. H. Bigelow. 2011. Human response to climate during the Younger Dryas chronozone in central Alaska. Quaternary International 242:343–451.
88. 14 C-dated archaeological occupations. Current Research in the Pleistocene 22:2–5.
89. Graf, Kelly E. 2008. Uncharted territory: Late Pleistocene hunter-gatherer dispersals in the Siberian Mammoth-Steppe. PhD dissertation, University of Nevada, Reno.
90. Graf, Kelly E. 2009. “The good, the bad, and the ugly”: evaluating the radiocarbon chronology of the middle and late Upper Paleolithic in the Enisei River valley, south-central Siberia. Journal of Archaeological Science 36:694–707.
91. Graf, Kelly E. 2010. Hunter-gatherer dispersals in the mammoth-steppe: technological provisioning and land-use in the Enisei River valley, south-central Siberia. Journal of Archaeological Science 37:210–223.
92. Graf, Kelly E. 2011. On late Upper Paleolithic variability in south-central Siberia: rethinking the Afontova and Kokorevo cultures. In From the Yenisei to the Yukon: interpreting lithic assemblage variability in Late Pleistocene/Early Holocene Beringia. T. Goebel and I. Buvit, eds. Pp. 33–46. College Station: Texas A&M University Press.
93. Graf, Kelly E. 2013. Siberian odyssey. In Paleoamerican odyssey. K. E. Graf, C. V. Ketron, and M. R. Waters, eds. Pp. 65–80. College Station: Texas A&M University Press.
94. Graf, Kelly E. 2015. Modern human response to the last glacial maximum. In Emergence and diversity of modern human behavior in Paleolithic Asia. Y. Kaifu, M. Izuho, T. Goebel, H. Sato, and A. Ono, eds. Pp. 506–531. College Station: Texas A&M University Press.
95. Graf, Kelly E., Lyndsay M. DiPietro, Kathryn E. Krasinski, Angela K. Gore, Heather L. Smith, Brendan J. Culleton, Douglas J. Kennett, and David Rhode. 2015. Dry Creek revisited: new excavations, radiocarbon dates, and site formation inform on the peopling of eastern Beringia. American Antiquity 80(4):671–694.
96. Green, R. E., J. Krause, A. W. Briggs, T. Maricic, U. Stenzel, M. Kricher, N. Patterson, et al. 2010. A draft sequence of the Neanderthal genome. Science 328(5979):710–122.
97. Hamilton, M. J., and B. Buchanan. 2010. Archaeological support for the three-stage expansion of modern humans across northeastern Eurasia and into the Americas. PLoS ONE 5(8):e12472.
98. Hamilton, T. D., and T. Goebel. 1999. Late Pleistocene peopling of Alaska. In Ice Age peoples of North America: environments, origins and adaptations of the first Americans. R. Bonnichsen and K. L. Turnmire, eds. Pp. 156–199. Corvallis: Oregon State University Press.
99. Haynes, G., D. G. Anderson, C. R. Ferring, S. J. Fiedel, D. K. Grayson, C. V. Haynes Jr., V. T. Holliday, et al. 2007. Comment on “Redefining the age of Clovis: implications for the peopling of the Americas.” Science 317(5836): 320.
100. Hirasawa, Yu, and Charles E. Holmes. 2017. The relationship between microblade morphology and production technology in Alaska from the perspective of the Swan Point site. Quaternary International 442:104–117.
101. Hoffecker, J. F. 2002. Desolate landscapes: Ice-Age settlement in Eastern Europe. New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers University Press.
102. Hoffecker, J. F. 2005. A prehistory of the north: human settlement of the higher latitudes. New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers University Press.
103. Hoffecker, J. F., and S. A. Elias. 2007. Human ecology of Beringia. New York: Columbia University Press.
104. Hoffecker, J. F., S. A. Elias, and D. H. O’Rourke. 2014. Out of Beringia? Science 343:979–980.
105. Hoffecker, J. F., W. R. Powers, and T. Goebel. 1993. The colonization of Beringia and the peopling of the New World. Science 259:46–53.
106. Hoffecker, John F., W. Roger Powers, Nancy H. Bigelow. 1996. Dry Creek. In American beginnings: the prehistory and palaeoecology of Beringia. F. H. West, eds. Pp. 343–352. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
107. Holmes, C. E. 2001. Tanana River valley archaeology circa 14,000 to 9,000 BP. Arctic Archaeology 38(2):154–170.
108. Holmes, C. E. 2011. The Beringian and transitional periods in Alaska: technology of the East Beringian Tradition as viewed from Swan Point. In From the Yenisei to the Yukon: interpreting lithic assemblage variability in Late Pleistocene/ Early Holocene Beringia. T. Goebel and I. Buvit, eds. Pp. 179–191. College Station: Texas A&M University Press.
109. Hopkins, D. M., J. V. Matthews, S. E. Schweger, and S. B. Young. 1982. Paleoecology of Beringia. New York: Academic Press.
110. Igarashi, Y. 2016. Vegetation and climate during the LGM and the last deglaciation on Hokkaido and Sakhalin Islands in the northwest Pacific. Quaternary International 425:28–37.
111. Ineshin, E. M., and A. V. Teten’kin. 2011. Late Paleolithic and Mesolithic technological variability in the lower Vitim valley, eastern Siberia. In From the Yenisei to the Yukon: interpreting lithic assemblage variability in Late Pleistocene/Early Holocene Beringia. T. Goebel and I. Buvit, eds. Pp. 58–74. College Station: Texas A&M University Press.
112. Ives, John W., Duane Froese, Kisha Supernant, and Gabriel Yanicki. 2013. Vectors, vestiges, and Valhallas: rethinking the corridor. In Paleoamerican odyssey. K. E. Graf, C. V. Ketron, and M. R. Waters, eds. Pp. 149–169. College Station: Texas A&M University Press.
113. Izuho, M. 2013. Human technological and behavioral adaptation to landscape changes around the last glacial maximum in Japan: A focus on Hokkaido. In Paleoamerican odyssey. K. E. Graf, C. V. Ketron, and M. R. Waters, eds. Pp. 45–64. College Station: Texas A&M University Press.
114. Karafet, T. M., S. L. Zegura, and M. F. Hammer. 2006. Y chromosomes. In Environment, origins, and population. D. H. Ubelaker, ed. Pp. 831–839, vol. 3 of Handbook of North American Indians, W. C. Sturtevant, ed. Washington, DC: Smithsonian Institution.
115. Kelly, R. L. 1983. Hunter-gatherer mobility strategies. Journal of Anthropological Research 39(3):277–306.
116. Kemp, B. M., S. R. Malhi, J. McDonough, D. A. Bolnick, J. A. Eshleman, O. Rickards, C. Martinez-Labarga, et al. 2007. Genetic analysis of early Holocene skeletal remains from Alaska and its implication for the timing of the peopling of the Americas. American Journal of Physical Anthropology 132: 605–621.
117. Kind, N. V. 1974. Geokhronologiia pozdnego pntropogena po pzotopnim pannim [Geochronology of the late anthropogene based on isotope data]. Moscow: Nauka.
118. Kirillov, I., and A. Derevianko. 1998. The Paleolithic of the Trans-Baikal area. In The Paleolithic of Siberia: new discoveries and interpretations. A. P. Derevianko, ed. Pp. 137–150. Urbana: University of Illinois Press.
119. Kitchen, A., M. M. Miyamoto, and C. J. Mulligan. 2008. A three-stage colonization model for the peopling of the Americas. PLoS ONE 3(2):e1596.
120. Kobayashi, T. 1970. Microblade industries in the Japanese archipelago. Arctic Anthropology 7:38–58.
121. Konstantinov, A. V. 2001. Drevnie zshilischi Zabaikal’ia [Ancient dwellings of the Transbaikal]. Novosibirsk: Nauka.
122. Konstantinov, M. V. 1994. Kamennyi vek vostochnogo regiona Baikal’skoi Azii [The stone age of Baikal Asia]. Ulan-Ude, Chita: SO RAN.
123. Krause, J., L. Orlando, D. Serre, B. Viola, K. Prüfer, M. P. Richards, J.-J. Hublin, et. al. 2007. Neanderthals in Central Asia and Siberia. Nature 449: 902–904.
124. Kunz, Michael, Michael Bever, and Constance Adkins. 2003. The Mesa Site: Paleoindians above the arctic circle. BLM-Alaska Open File Report 86. Anchorage: US Department of the Interior, Bureau of Land Management.
125. Kuzmin, Yaroslav. V. 1994. Prehistoric colonization of northeastern Siberia and migration to America: radiocarbon evidence. Radiocarbon 3:367–376.
126. Kuzmin, Yaroslav. V. 1995. People and environment in the Russian Far East from Paleolithic to Middle Ages: chronology, palaeogeography, interaction. Geojournal 35(1): 79–83.
127. Kuzmin, Yaroslav. V. 2000. Radiocarbon chronology of the stone age cultures of the Pacific coast and northeastern Siberia. Arctic Anthropology 37(1):120–131.
128. Kuzmin, Yaroslav. V. 2008. Siberia at the last glacial maximum: environment and archaeology. Journal of Archaeological Research 16(2):163–221.
129. Kuzmin, Yaroslav V., A. J. T. Jull, and I. I. Razgildeeva. 2004. Chronology of the upper-Paleolithic site Studenoe 2 (Transbaikal, Siberia): case study of the multi-hearth dwelling in horizon 4/5. Current Research in the Pleistocene 21:6–7.
130. Kuzmin, Yaroslav V., and S. G. Keates. 2005. Dates are not just data: Paleolithic settlement patterns in Siberia derived from radiocarbon records. American Antiquity 70(4):773–789.
131. Kuzmin, Yaroslav V., S. G. Keates, and C. Shen, eds. 2007. Origin and spread of microblade technology in northern Asia and North America. Burnaby, BC: Archaeology Press.
132. Kuzmin, Yaroslav V., L. V. Lbova, A. J. T. Jull, and R. J. Cruz. 2006. The Middle-to-Upper-Paleolithic transition in Transbaikal, Siberia: the Khotyk site chronology and archaeology. Current Research in the Pleistocene 23:43– 46.
133. Kuzmin, Yaroslav V., and L. A. Orlova. 1998. Radiocarbon chronology of the Siberian Paleolithic. Journal of World Prehistory 12(1):1–53.
134. 14 C dates catalog (at the end of 2010)]. Stratum Plus 1:171e200.
135. Kuzmin, Yaroslav V., R. J. Speakman, M. D. Glascock, V. K. Popov, A. V. Grebennikov, M. A. Dikova, and A. V. Ptashinsky. 2008. Obsidian use at the Ushki Lake complex, Kamchatka Peninsula (northeastern Siberia): implications for terminal Pleistocene and early Holocene human migrations in Beringia. Journal of Archaeological Science 35:2179–2187.
136. Kuzmin, Yaroslav V., and K. B. Tankersley. 1996. The colonization of eastern Siberia: an evaluation of the Paleolithic age radiocarbon dates. Journal of Archaeological Science 23:577–585.
137. Kuzmina, Svetlana, and Andrei Sher. 2006. Some features of the Holocene insect fauna of northeastern Siberia. Quaternary Science Reviews 25:1790– 1820.
138. Larichev, V., U. Khol’ushkin, and I. Laricheva. 1988. The Upper Paleolithic of northern Asia: achievements, problems, and perspectives. 1. Western Siberia. Journal of World Prehistory 2(4):359–396.
139. Lbova, L. 2000. Paleolit severnoi zoni zapadnogo Zabaikal’ia [Paleolithic of the northern zone of the western Transbaikal]. Ulan-Ude: SO RAN.
140. Lbova, L. 2005. The transition from the Middle to Upper Paleolithic in the western Trans-Baikal. In The Middle to Upper Paleolithic transitions in Eurasia: hypotheses and facts. A. P. Derevianko, ed. Pp. 355–371. Novosibirsk: Institute of Archaeology and Ethnography Press.
141. Lbova, L. 2010. Evidence of modern behavior in the Baikal zone during the early Upper Paleolithic period. Bulletin of the Indo-Pacific Prehistory Association 30:9–13.
142. Lee, G. 2015. The characteristics of Upper Paleolithic industries in Korea. In Emergence and diversity of modern human behavior in Paleolithic Asia. Y. Kaifu, M. Izuho, T. Goebel, H. Sato, and A. Ono, eds. Pp. 270–286. College Station: Texas A&M University Press.
143. Lisitsyn, Nikolai F. 1996. Srednii etap poznego Paleolita Sibiri [The middle phase of the Upper Paleolithic of Siberia]. Rossiskaia Arkheologia 1996(4): 5–17.
144. Lisitsyn, Nikolai F. 2000. Pozdnii Paleolit Chulymo-Eniseiskogo mezhdurech’ia [Late Paleolithic of the Chulymo-Enisei Interfluve]. Trudy Tom II, Institut Istorii Material’noi Kul’tury. St. Petersburg: RAN.
145. Mandryk, C. A. S., H. Josenhans, D. W. Fedje, and R. W. Mathewes. 2001. Late Quaternary paleoenvironments of northwestern North America: implications for inland versus coastal migration routes. Quaternary Science Reviews 20:301–314.
146. Markin, Sergei. 1998. Paleolithic sites in the western Sayan Mountains. In The Paleolithic of Siberia: new discoveries and interpretations. A. P. Derevianko, ed. Pp. 118–119. Urbana: University of Illinois Press.
147. Medvedev, G. I. 1998a. Art from central Siberian Paleolithic sites. In The Paleolithic of Siberia: new discoveries and interpretations. A. P. Derevianko, ed. Pp. 132–137. Urbana: University of Illinois Press.
148. Medvedev, G. I. 1998b. Upper Paleolithic sites in south-central Siberia. In The Paleolithic of Siberia: new discoveries and interpretations. A. P. Derevianko, ed. Pp. 122–132. Urbana: University of Illinois Press.
149. Merriwether, D. A. 2006. Mitochondrial DNA. In Handbook of North American Indians, vol. 3, Environment, origins, and population. Douglas H. Ubelaker, ed. Pp. 817–830. Washington, DC: Smithsonian Institution.
150. Mochanov, Yaroslav. A. 1977. Drevneishie etapy zaseleniia chelovekom Severo-Vostochnoi Azii [The earliest stages of the populations of humans in Northeast Asia]. Novosibirsk: Nauka.
151. Mochanov, Yu, and S. A. Fedoseeva. 1996. Dyuktai Cave. In American Beginnings. F. H. West, ed. Pp. 164–173. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
152. Momohara, Arata, Akihiro Yoshida, Yuichiro Kudo, Rika Nishiuchi, and Susumu Okitsu. 2016. Paleovegetation and climatic conditions in a refugium of temperate plants in central Japan in the last glacial maximum. Quaternary International 425:38–48.
153. Morlan, Richard. 1978. Technological characteristics of some wedge-shaped cores in northwestern North America and Northeast Asia. Asian Perspectives 19(1):96–106.
154. Morlan, Richard E. 2003. Current perspectives on the Pleistocene archaeology of eastern Beringia. Quaternary Research 60:123–132.
155. Mulligan, C. J., and A. Kitchen. 2013. Three-stage colonization model for the peopling of the Americas. In Paleoamerican odyssey. K. E. Graf, C. V. Ketron, and M. R. Waters, eds. Pp. 171–181. College Station: Texas A&M University Press.
156. Mulligan, Connie J., Andrew Kitchen, and M. M. Miyamoto. 2008. Updated three-stage model for the peopling of the Americas. PLoS ONE 3(9):e3199, doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0003199.
157. Munyikwa, K., J. K. Feathers, T. M. Rittenour, and H. K. Shrimpton. 2011. Constraining the Late Wisconsinan retreat of the Laurentide ice sheet from western Canada using luminescence ages from postglacial aeolian dunes. Quaternary Geochronology 6:407–422.
158. Mussi, M. 2015. Europe: the outstanding universal value of a marginal area of the Palaeolithic world. In Human origin sites and the World Heritage Convention in Eurasia, vol. 1. N. Sanz, ed. Pp. 26–32. Paris: United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization.
159. Nakazawa, Y., M. Izuho, J. Takakura, and S. Yamada. 2005. Toward an understanding of technological variability in microblade assemblages in Hokkaido, Japan. Asian Perspectives 44(2):276–292.
160. Nakazawa, Y., and S. Yamada. 2015. On the processes of diversification in microblade technocomplexes in late glacial Hokkaido. In Emergence and diversity of modern human behavior in Paleolithic Asia. Y. Kaifu, M. Izuho, T. Goebel, H. Sato, and A. Ono, eds. Pp. 418–436. College Station: Texas A&M University Press.
161. Okladnikov, A. P. 1968. Sibir v drevnekamennom veke: epokha Paleolita [Siberia in the prehistoric age: the Paleolithic epoch]. Istoriia Sibiri 1:37–93.
162. O’Rourke, Dennis. H. 2009. Human migrations: the two roads taken. Current Biology 19(5):R203–R205.
163. Pearson, Georges. A. 1999. Early occupations and cultural sequence at Moose Creek: a late Pleistocene site in central Alaska. Arctic 52(4):332–345.
164. Pedersen, M. V., A. Ruter, C. Schweger, H. Friebe, R. A. Staff, K. K. Kleldsen, M. L. Z. Mendoza, et al. 2016. Postglacial viability and colonization in North America’s ice-free corridor. Nature 537:45–59.
165. Perego, U. A., A. Achilli, N. Angerhofer, M. Accetturo, M. Pala, A. Olivieri, B. H. Kashani, et al. 2009. Distinctive Paleo-Indian migration routes from Beringia marked by two rare mtDNA haplogroups. Current Biology 19:1–8.
166. Petrin, V. T. 1986. Paleoliticheskie pamiatniki Zapadno-sibirskoi Ravnini [Paleolithic sites of the West Siberian Plain]. Novosibirsk: Nauka.
167. Pitulko, V. V. 2008. Principal excavation techniques under permafrost conditions. Archaeology, Anthropology, and Ethnology of Eurasia 34(2):26–33.
168. Pitulko, V. V. 2011. The Berelekh quest: a review of forty years of research in the mammoth graveyard in Northeast Siberia. Geoarchaeology: An International Journal 26(1):5–32.
169. Pitulko, V. V., P. A. Nikolsky, A. Basilyan, and E. Pavlova. 2013. Human habitation in arctic western Beringia prior to the LGM. In Paleoamerican odyssey. K. E. Graf, C. V. Ketron, and M. R. Waters, eds. Pp. 15–44. College Station: Texas A&M University Press.
170. Pitulko, V. V., P. A. Nikolsky, E. Yu. Cirya, A. E. Basilyan, V. E. Tumskoy, S. A. Koulakov, S. N. Astakhov, E. Yu. Pavlova, and M. A. Anisimov. 2004. The Yana RHS site: humans in the Arctic before the last glacial maximum. Science 303(5654):52–56.
171. Pitulko, V. V., E. Yu. Pavlova, P. A. Nikolskiy, and V. V. Ivanova. 2012. The oldest art of the Eurasian Arctic: personal ornaments and symbolic objects from Yana RHS, Arctic Siberia. Antiquity 86:642–659.
172. Pitulko, Vladimir, Elena Pavlova, and Pavel Nikolskiy. 2017. Revising the archaeological record of the Upper Pleistocene Arctic Siberia: human dispersal and adaptations in MIS 3 and 2. Quaternary Science Reviews 165:127– 148.
173. Pitulko, Vladimir V., and Elena Iu. Pavlova. 2010. Geoarkheologiia i radiouglerodnaia khronologiia kamennogo veka Severo-Vostochnoi Azii [Geoarchaeology and radiocarbon chronology of the stone age of North-East Asia]. St. Petersburg: Nauka.
174. Pitulko, Vladimir V., Alexei N. Tikhanov, Elena Y. Pavlova, Pavel A. Nikolskyi, Konstantin E. Kuper, and Roman N. Polozov. 2016. Early human presence in the Arctic: evidence from 45,000-year-old mammoth remains. Science 351:260–263.
175. Potter, Ben A. 2007. Models of faunal processing and economy in early Holocene interior Alaska. Environmental Archaeology 12(1):3–23.
176. Potter, Ben A., Charles E. Holmes, and David R. Yesner. 2013. Technology and economy among the earliest prehistoric foragers in interior eastern Beringia. In Paleoamerican odyssey. Kelly E. Graf, Caroline V. Ketron, and Michael R. Waters, eds. Pp. 81–104. College Station: Texas A&M University Press.
177. Potter, Ben A., Joel D. Irish, Joshua D. Reuther, Carol Gelvin-Reymiller, and Vance T. Holliday. 2011. A terminal Pleistocene child cremation and residential structure from eastern Beringia. Science 331:1058–1062.
178. Powers, William R., R. Dale Guthrie, and John F. Hoffecker. 2017. Dry Creek: archaeology and paleoecology of a Late Pleistocene Alaskan hunting camp. T. Goebel, ed. College Station: Texas A&M University Press.
179. Powers, William R., and John F. Hoffecker. 1989. Late Pleistocene settlement in the Nenana valley, central Alaska. American Antiquity 54(2):263–287.
180. Prüfer, Kay, F. Racimo, N. Patterson, F. Jay, S. Sankararaman, S. Sawyer, Anja Heinze, et al. 2014. The complete genome sequence of a Neanderthal from the Altai Mountains. Nature 505:43–49.
181. Raff, Jennifer A., and Deborah A. Bolnick. 2014. Palaeogenomics: genetic roots of the first Americans. Nature 506:162–163.
182. Raghavan, M., M. Steinrücken, K. Harris, S. Schiffels, S. Rasmussen, M. DeGiorgio, A. Albrechtsen, et al. 2015. Genomic evidence for the Pleistocene and recent population history of Native Americans. Science 349(6250): 3884.
183. Raghavan, Manaasa, Pontus Skoglund, Kelly E. Graf, Mait Metspalu, A. Albrechtsen, I. Moltke, S. Rasmussen, et al. 2014. Upper Paleolithic Siberian genome reveals dual ancestry of Native Americans. Nature 505:87–91.
184. Rasic, Jeffrey. 2011. Functional variability in the late Pleistocene archaeological record of eastern Beringia: a model of late Pleistocene land use and technology from northwest Alaska. In From the Yenisei to the Yukon: interpreting lithic assemblage variability in Late Pleistocene/Early Holocene Beringia. T. Goebel and I. Buvit, eds. Pp. 128–164. College Station: Texas A&M University Press.
185. Rasmussen, Morton, Sarah L. Anzick, Michael R. Waters, Pontus Skoglund, Michael DeGiorgio, Thomas W. Stafford Jr., S. Rasmussen, et al. 2014. The genome of a late Pleistocene human from a Clovis burial site in western Montana. Nature 506:225–229.
186. Rasmussen, Morton, Yingrui Li, Stinus Lindgreen, Jakob Skou Pedersen, Anders Albrechtsen, Ida Moltke, Mait Metspalu, et al. 2010. Ancient human genome sequence of an extinct Palaeo-Eskimo. Nature 463(7282):757– 762.
187. Rasmussen, Morton, Martin Sikora, A. Albrechtsen, T. S. Korneliussen, J. V. Moreno-Mayar, G. D. Poznik, C. P. Zollikofer, et al. 2015. The ancestry and affiliations of Kennewick Man. Nature 525:455–458.
188. Rasmussen, S. O., M. Bigler, S. P. Blockley, T. Blunier, S. L. Buchardt, H. B. Clausen, I. Cvijanovic, et al. 2014. A stratigraphic framework for abrupt climatic changes during the Last Glacial period based on three synchronized Greenland ice-core records: refining and extending the INTIMATE event stratigraphy. Quaternary Science Reviews 106:14–28.
189. Reich, D., R. E. Green, M. Kircher, J. Krause, N. Patterson, E. Y. Durand, B. Viola, et al. 2010. Genetic history of an archaic hominin group from Denisova Cave in Siberia. Nature 468:1053–1060.
190. Reich, D., N. Patterson, D. Campbell, A. Tandon, S. Mazieres, N. Ray, M. V. Parra, et al. 2012. Reconstructing Native American population history. Nature 488: 370–374.
191. Roebroeks, W., M. Mussi, J. Svoboda, and K. Fennema. 2000. Hunters of the Golden Age: the Mid Upper Palaeolithic of Eurasia 30,000–20,000 BP. Leiden: University of Leiden.
192. Ruether, J. D., N. S. Slobodina, J. T. Rasic, J. P. Cook, R. and J. Speakman. 2011. Gaining momentum: late Pleistocene and early Holocene archaeological obsidian source studies in interior and northeastern Beringia. In From the Yenisei to the Yukon: interpreting lithic assemblage variability in Late Pleistocene/Early Holocene Beringia. T. Goebel and I. Buvit, eds. Pp. 270– 286. College Station: Texas A&M University Press.
193. Sapozshnikov I. V. 2004. A chronostratigraphic basis for general and regional subdivisions of the Eurasian Upper Paleolithic. Archaeology, Ethnology, and Anthropology of Eurasia 3(19):2–11.
194. Sawyer, S., G. Renaud, B. Viola, J.-J. Hublin, M.-T. Gansauge, M. V. Shunkov, A. P. Derevianko, et al. 2015. Nuclear and mitochondrial DNA sequences from two Denisovan individuals. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the USA 112(51):15696–15700.
195. Schurr, T. G. 2004. The peopling of the New World: perspectives from molecular anthropology. Annual Review of Anthropology 33:551–583.
196. Schurr, T. G., and S. T. Sherry. 2004. Mitochondrial DNA and Y chromosome diversity and the peopling of the Americas: evolutionary and demographic evidence. American Journal of Human Biology 16:420–439.
197. Seguin-Orlando, A., T. S. Korneliussen, M. Sikora, A.-S. Malaspinas, A. Manica, I. Moltke, A. Albrechtsen, et al. 2014. Geonomic structure in Europeans dating back at least 36,200 years. Science 346:1113–1118.
198. Seong, C. 2011. Evaluated radiocarbon dates and late Paleolithic chronology in Korea. Arctic Anthropology 48(1):93–112.
199. Sergin, V. Yaroslav 1996. Paleoliticheskie zshilishcha poseleniia Mal’ta [A Paleolithic dwelling from the Mal’ta site]. Rossiskaia Arkheologiia 1996(2): 143–154.
200. Seielstad, M., N. Yuldasheva, N. Singh, P. Underhill, P. Oefner, P. Shen, and R. S. Wells. 2003. A novel Y-chromosome variant puts an upper limit on the timing of first entry into the Americas. American Journal of Human Genetics 73:700–705.
201. Shang, Hong, and Erik Trinkaus. 2010. The early modern human from Tianyuan Cave, China. College Station: Texas A&M Press.
202. Skoglund, P., S. Mallick, M. Cátira Bortolini, N. Chennagiri, T. Hünemeier, M. L. Petzl-Erler, F. M. Salzano, N. Patterson, and David Reich. 2015. Genetic evidence for two founding populations of the Americas. Nature 325:104–110.
203. Slobodin, S. B. 2011. Late Pleistocene and early Holocene cultures of Beringia: the general and the specific. In From the Yenisei to the Yukon: interpreting lithic assemblage variability in Late Pleistocene/Early Holocene Beringia. T. Goebel and I. Buvit, eds. Pp. 91–118. College Station: Texas A&M University Press.
204. Smith, D. G., R. S. Malhi, J. A. Eshelman, F. A. Kaestle, and B. M. Kemp. 2005. Mitochondrial DNA haplogroups of Paleoamericans in North America. In Paleoamerican origins: beyond Clovis. R. Bonnichsen, B. T. Lepper, D. Stanford, and M. R. Waters, eds. Pp. 243–256. College Station: Texas A&M University Press.
205. Smith, H. L., J. T. Rasic, and T. Goebel. 2013. Biface traditions of northern Alaska and their role in the peopling of the Americas. In Paleoamerican odyssey. K. E. Graf, C. V. Ketron, and M. R. Waters, eds. Pp. 105–123. College Station: Texas A&M University Press.
206. Smith, H. L., A. M. Smallwood, and T. DeWitt. 2014. A geometric morphometric exploration of Clovis fluted-point shape variability. In Clovis: on the edge of a new understanding. A. M. Smallwood and T. A. Jennings, eds. Pp. 161–180. College Station: Texas A&M University Press.
207. Sosnovskii, G. P. 1935. Poselenie Afontovoi Gore [Settlement of Afontova Gora]. Izvestiia Gosudarstvennoi Akademii Istorii Material’noi Kul’tury 118: 152–218.
208. Starikovskaya, E. B., R. I. Sukernik, O. A. Derbeneva, N. V. Volodko, E. Ruiz Pesini, A. Torroni, M. D. Brown, et al. 2005. Mitochondrial DNA diversity in indigenous populations of the southern extent of Siberia, and the origins of Native American haplogroups. Annals of Human Genetics 69:67–89.
209. 15 N of Pleistocene mammoths: implications for paleoecology of the mammoth steppe. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 286:88–96.
210. Tackney, J. C., B. A. Potter, J. Raff, M. Powers, W. S. Watkins, D. Warner, J. D. Reuther, J. D. Irish, and D. H. O’Rourke. 2015. Two contemporaneous mitogenomes from terminal Pleistocene burials in eastern Beringia. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the USA 112(45):13833–13838.
211. Takakura, J. 2012. Emergence and development of the pressure microblade production: a view from the Upper Paleolithic of northern Japan. In The emergence of pressure making: from origin to modern experimentation. P. M. Desrosiers, ed. Pp. 285–306. New York: Springer.
212. Tamm, E., T. Kivisild, M. Reidla, M. Metspalu, D. G. Smith, C. J. Mulligan, C. M. Bravi, et al. 2007. Beringian standstill and spread of Native American founders. PLoS ONE 2(9):e828.
213. Tashak, V. 2004. A variant in the development of the Middle Paleolithic industries in the western Trans-Baikal region. Archaeology, Ethnology and Anthropology of Eurasia 4(20):2–11.
214. Tashak, V. 2007. Orudiia iz kosti i ikh proizvodstvo v Verkhnem Paleolite Zapadnogo Zabaikal’ia (po materialam Podzvonkoi) [Bone tools and their production in the Upper Paleolithic of the Western Transbaikal (based on material from Podzvonkaia)]. In Izvestiia Laboratorii Drevnikh Tekhnologii, Vipusk 5 [Reports of the Laboratory of Ancient Technologies, issue 5]. A. V. Kharinsky, A. V. Teten’kin, and V. S. Nikolaev, eds. Pp. 118–137. Irkutsk: Irkutsk State Technical University Publishing House.
215. Terry, K. 2010. Extreme measures: upper Paleolithic raw material provisioning strategies and settlement of the Transbaikal Region, Siberia. PhD dissertation, Washington State University, Pullman.
216. Terry, K., W. Andrefsky Jr., and M. V. Konstantinov. 2009. Raw material durability, function, and retouch in the Upper Paleolithic of the Transbaikal Region, Siberia. In Lithic materials and Paleolithic societies. B. Adams and B. S. Blades, eds. Pp. 256–269. West Sussex: Wiley.
217. Terry, K., I. Buvit, and M. V. Konstantinov. 2016. Emergence of a microlithic complex in the Transbaikal region of southern Siberia. Quaternary International 425:88–99.
218. Tseitlin, S. M. 1979. Geologiia Paleolita severnoi Azii [Geology of the Paleolithic of northern Asia]. Moskow: Nauka.
219. Turner, C. G. 1990. Paleolithic Siberian dentition from Denisova and Okladnikov caves, Altayskiy Kray, U.S.S.R. Current Research in the Pleistocene 7:65–66.
220. Vasil’ev, S. A. 1983. Glinianaia Paleoliticheskaia statuetka iz Maininskoi stoianki [A clay Paleolithic statue from the Maininska site]. Kratkie Soobshcheniia 173:76–78.
221. Vasil’ev, S. A. 1992. The Late Paleolithic of the Yenisei: a new outline. Journal of World Prehistory 6(4):337–383.
222. Vasil’ev, S. A. 1996. Pozdnii Paleolit verkhnego Eniseia [The Late Paleolithic of the upper Enisei]. St. Petersburg: RAN, IIMK.
223. Vasil’ev, S. A. 2000. The Siberian mosaic: Upper Palaeolithic adaptations and change before the last glacial maximum. In Hunters of the golden age: the mid Upper Palaeolithic of Eurasia 30,000–20,000 bp. W. Roebroeks, M. Mussi, J. Svoboda, and K. Fennema, eds. Pp. 173–195. Leiden: University of Leiden.
224. Vasil’ev, S. A. 2003a. Faunal exploitation, subsistence practices and Pleistocene extinctions in Paleolithic Siberia. Deinsea 9:513–556.
225. Vasil’ev, S. A. 2003b. The Upper Paleolithic domestic structures in Siberia: a critical review of relevant evidence. In Perceived landscapes and built environments: the cultural geography of Late Paleolithic Eurasia. S. A. Vasil’ev, O. Soffer, and J. Kozlowski, eds. Pp. 155–160. BAR International Series 1122. Oxford: Archaeopress.
226. Vasil’ev, S. A. 2011. Old traditions, new tendencies: final Paleolithic cultural development in southern Siberia. Quaternary International 242:371–378.
227. Vasil’ev, S. G., and E. P. Rybin. 2009. Stoyanka Tolbaga: poselencheskaia deyiatel’nost’ cheloveka na rannei stadii Verkhnego Paleolita Zabaikal’ia [Human settlement activity in an early stadial of the Upper Paleolithic of Zabaikal’ia]. Arkheologiia, Etnografiia i Antropologiia Evrazii 4(40):13–34.
228. Vasilevskii, A. A. 2005. Periodization of the Upper Paleolithic of Sakhalin and Hokkaido in light of research conducted at the Ogonki-5 site. In The Upper to Middle Paleolithic transition in Eurasia: hypotheses and facts; collection of scientific papers. A. P. Derevianko, ed. Pp. 427–445. Novosibirsk: IAE Press.
229. Vasilevskii, A. A. 2008. Kamennii vek ostrova Sakhalin [The stone age of Sakhalin Island]. Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk: Sakhalin.
230. Vetrov, V. M., E. M. Ineshin, E. E. Kononov, A. V. Teten’kin, and G. V. Turkin. 2007. Novie ob’ekti arkheologii na severe Respubliki Buriatiia [New archaeological material in the northern Buryat Republic]. In Izvestiia Laboratorii Drevnikh Tekhnologii, Vipusk 5 [Reports of the Laboratory of Ancient Technologies, issue 5]. A. V. Kharinsky, A. V. Teten’kin, and V. S. Nikolaev, eds. Pp. 100–117. Irkutsk: Irkutsk State Technical University Publishing House.
231. Wang, S., C. M. Lewis, Jr., M. Jakobsson, S. Ramachandran, N. Ray, G. Bedoya, W. Rojas, et al. 2007. Genetic variation and population in Native Americans. PLoS Genetics 3(11):e185.
232. Waters, M. R., and T. Stafford. 2007. Redefining the age of Clovis: implications for the peopling of the Americas. Science 315(5815):112–1126.
233. West, F. H. 1967. The Donnelly Ridge site and the definition of an early core and blade complex in central Alaska. American Antiquity 32(3):360–382.
234. West, F. H. 1996 The archaeological evidence. In American beginnings: the prehistory and paleoecology of Beringia. F. H. West, ed. Pp. 537–559. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
235. Yesner, D. R. 1996. Human adaptation at the Pleistocene-Holocene boundary (circa 13,000 to 8,000 bp) in eastern Beringia. In Humans at the end of the Ice Age. L. G. Straus, B. V. Eriksen, J. M. Erlandson, and D. R. Yesner, eds. Pp. 255–276. Plenum Press, New York.
236. Yesner, David R. 2001. Human dispersal into interior Alaska: antecedent conditions, mode of colonization, and adaptations. Quaternary Science Reviews 20:315–327.
237. Yesner, David R., K. J. Crossen, and N. A. Easton. 2011. Geoarchaeological and zooarchaeological correlates of early Beringian artifact assemblages: insights from the Little John site, Yukon. In From the Yenisei to the Yukon: interpreting lithic assemblage variability in Late Pleistocene/Early Holocene Beringia. T. Goebel and I. Buvit, eds. Pp. 308–322. College Station: Texas A&M University Press.
238. Yi, M., X. Gao, F. Li, and F. Chen. 2016. Rethinking the origin of microblade technology: a chronological and ecological perspective. Quaternary International 400:130–139.
239. Yi, Seon-bok, and Geoffrey Clark. 1985. The “Dyuktai Culture” and New World origins. Current Anthropology 26:1–20.
240. Yoshizaki, M. 1961. Shirataki iseki to Hokkaido no mudoki bunka [The Shirataki site and the preceramic culture in Hokkaido]. Minzokugaku Kenkyu 26:13–23.
241. Younie, Angela M. 2015. Linda’s Point and the village site: a new look at the Chindadn complex and archaeological record at Healy Lake, Alaska. PhD dissertation, Texas A&M University, College Station.
242. Younie, Angela M., and Thomas E. Gillispie. 2016. Lithic technology at Linda’s Point, Healy Lake, Alaska. Arctic 69(1):79–98.
243. Zazula, G. D., G. MacKay, T. D. Andrews, B. Shapiro, B. Letts, and F. Brock. 2009. A late Pleistocene steppe bison (Bison priscus) partial carcass from Tsiigehtchic, Northwest Territories, Canada. Quaternary Science Reviews 28:2734–2742.
244. Zazula, G. D., A. M. Telka, C. R. Harington, C. E. Schweger, and R. W. Mathewes. 2006. New spruce (Picea spp.) macrofossils from Yukon Territory: implications for late Pleistocene refugia in eastern Beringia. Arctic 59(4):391–400.