Algorithmic detection of misinformation and disinformation: Gricean perspectives

Journal of Documentation

Volumn 74, Issue 2, 2018, Pages 309-332

  Søe, Sille Obelitz ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF COPENHAGEN   (Denmark)

Author keywords

Algorithms; Communication; Disinformation; Information; Misinformation; Philosophy

Indexed keywords

EID: 85037031144     PISSN: 00220418     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1108/JD-05-2017-0075     Document Type: Article

References (64)

1. Adams, F. and de Moraes, J.A. (2016), “Is there a philosophy of information?”, Topoi, Vol. 35 No. 1, pp. 161-171.
2. Adler, J. (1997), “Lying, deceiving, or falsely implicating”, Journal of Philosophy, Vol. 94 No. 9, pp. 435-452.
3. Adriaans, P. (2012), “Information”, in Zalta, E.N. (Ed.), Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy, Fall 2013 ed., Stanford University, Palo Alto, 35pp., available at: http://plato.stanford.edu/archives/fall2013/entries/information/
4. Adriaans, P. and van Benthem, J. (Eds) (2008), Philosophy of Information, Elsevier B.V., Amsterdam and Oxford.
5. Bates, M.J. (2006), “Fundamental forms of information”, Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology, Vol. 57 No. 8, pp. 1033-1045.
6. Blair, D.C. (1992), “Information retrieval and the philosophy of language”, The Computer Journal, Vol. 35 No. 3, pp. 200-207.
7. Blair, D.C. (2003), “Information retrieval and the philosophy of language”, Annual Review of Information Science and Technology, Vol. 37 No. 1, pp. 3-50.
8. Brookes, B.C. (1980), “The foundations for information science: part I. Philosophical aspects”, Journal of Information Science, Vol. 2, pp. 125-133.
9. Bucher, T. (2016), “The algorithmic imaginary: exploring the ordinary affects of Facebook algorithms”, Information, Communication & Society, pp. 1-16, doi: 10.1080/1369118X.2016.1154086.
10. Buckland, M.K. (1991), “Information as thing”, Journal of the American Society for Information Science, Vol. 42 No. 5, pp. 351-360.
11. Budd, J.M. (2011), “Meaning, truth, and information: prolegomena to a theory”, Journal of Documentation, Vol. 67 No. 1, pp. 56-74.
12. Burrell, J. (2016), “How the machine ‘thinks’: understanding opacity in machine learning algorithms”, Big Data & Society, pp. 1-12, doi: 10.1177/2053951715622512.
13. Capurro, R. and Hjørland, B. (2003), “The concept of information”, Annual Review of Information Science and Technology, Vol. 37 No. 1, pp. 343-411.
14. Carnap, R. and Bar-Hillel, Y. (1952), “An outline of a theory of semantic information”, Technical Report No. 247, Research Laboratory of Electronics, MIT, Cambridge, MA.
15. Cornelius, I. (2002), “Theorizing information for information science”, Annual Review of Information Science and Technology, Vol. 36 No. 1, pp. 393-425.
16. Crawford, K. (2016), “Can an algorithm be agonistic? Ten scenes from life in calculated publics”, Science, Technology, & Human Values, Vol. 71 No. 1, pp. 77-92.
17. Day, R.E. (2001/2008), The Modern Invention of Information. Discourse, History, and Power, Paperback edition, Southern Illinois University Press, Carbondale.
18. Dretske, F. (1981), Knowledge and the Flow of Information, MIT Press, Cambridge, MA.
19. Dretske, F. (1983), “Précis of knowledge and the flow of information”, The Behavioral and Brain Sciences, Vol. 6, pp. 55-63.
20. Dretske, F. (1988), “Explaining Behavior”, A Bradford Book, MIT Press, Cambridge, MA.
21. Fallis, D. (2009), A Conceptual Analysis of Disinformation, Preprint from iConference, Tucson, AZ, available at: www.ideals.illinois.edu/bitstream/handle/2142/15205/fallis_disinfo1.pdf?sequence=2
22. Fallis, D. (2010), “Lying and deception”, Philosophers’ Imprint, Vol. 10 No. 11, 42pp.
23. Fallis, D. (2011), “Floridi on disinformation”, Etica & Politica, Vol. 13 No. 2, pp. 201-214.
24. Fallis, D. (2014), “The varieties of disinformation”, in Floridi, L. and Illari, P. (Eds), The Philosophy of Information Quality, Springer, Cham, Heidelberg, New York, NY, Dordrecht and London, pp. 135-161.
25. Fallis, D. (2015), “What is disinformation?”, Library Trends, Vol. 63 No. 3, pp. 401-426.
26. Fetzer, J.H. (2004a), “Information: does it have to be true?”, Minds and Machines, Vol. 14, pp. 223-229.
27. Fetzer, J.H. (2004b), “Disinformation: the use of false information”, Minds and Machines, Vol. 14, pp. 231-240.
28. Floridi, L. (2005a), “Is semantic information meaningful data?”, Philosophy and Phenomological Research, Vol. LXX No. 2, pp. 351-370.
29. Floridi, L. (2005b), “Semantic conceptions of information”, in Zalta, E.N. (Ed.), Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy, Spring 2013 ed., Stanford University, Palo Alto, 46pp., available at: http://plato.stanford.edu/archives/spr2013/entries/information-semantic/
30. Floridi, L. (2007), “In defence of the veridical nature of semantic information”, European Journal of Analytic Philosophy (EUJAP), Vol. 3 No. 1, pp. 31-41.
31. Floridi, L. (2008), “Trends in the philosophy of information”, in Adriaans, P. and van Benthem, J. (Eds), Philosophy of Information, Elsevier B.V., Amsterdam and Oxford, pp. 113-131.
32. Floridi, L. (2011), The Philosophy of Information, Oxford Scholarship Online, Oxford, available at: www.oxfordscholarship.com
33. Fox, C.J. (1983), Information and Misinformation. An Investigation of the Notions of Information, Misinformation, Informing, and Misinforming, Greenwood Press, Westport, CT and London.
34. Furner, J. (2004), “Information studies without information”, Library Trends, Vol. 52 No. 3, pp. 427-446.
35. Furner, J. (2010), “Philosophy and information studies”, Annual Review of Information Science and Technology, Vol. 44 No. 1, pp. 154-200.
36. Furner, J. (2014), “Information without information studies”, in Ibekwe-SanJuan, F. and Dousa, T.M. (Eds), Theoreis of Information, Communication and Knowledge, Springer Science+Business Media B.V., Dordrecht, Heidelberg, New York, NY and London, pp. 143-179.
37. Gillespie, T. (2014), “The relevance of algorithms”, in Gillespie, T., Boczkowski, P.J. and Foot, K.A. (Eds), Media Technologies: Essays on Communication, Materiality, and Society, The MIT Press, Cambridge, MA, pp. 167-193.
38. Godfrey-Smith, P. (1989), “Misinformation”, Canadian Journal of Philosophy, Vol. 19 No. 4, pp. 533-550.
39. Goffey, A. (2008), “Algorithm”, in Fuller, M. (Ed.), Software Studies: A Lexicon, MIT Press, Cambridge MA, pp. 15-20.
40. Grice, H.P. (1957/1989/1991), “Meaning”, Studies in the Way of Words, Paperback edition, First Harvard University Press, Cambridge, MA and London, pp. 213-223.
41. Grice, H.P. (1967/1989/1991), “Logic and conversation”, Studies in the Way of Words, Paperback edition, First Harvard University Press, Cambridge, MA and London, pp. 22-40.
42. Grice, H.P. (1989/1991), Studies in the Way of Words, Paperback edition, First Harvard University Press, Cambridge, MA, and London.
43. Hjørland, B. (2007), “Information: objective or subjective/situational?”, Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology, Vol. 58 No. 10, pp. 1448-1456.
44. Karlova, N.A. and Fisher, K.E. (2013), “A social diffusion model of misinformation and disinformation for understanding human information behavior”, Information Research, Vol. 18 No. 1.
45. Kumar, K.P.K. and Geethakumari, G. (2014), “Detecting misinformation in online social networks using cognitive psychology”, Human-centric Computing and Information Sciences, Vol. 4 No. 1, 22pp.
46. Mahon, J. (2008), “The definition of lying and deception”, in Zalta, E.N. (Ed.), Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy, Fall 2019 ed., Stanford University, Palo Alto, 16pp., available at: http://plato.stanford.edu/archives/fall2009/entries/lying-definition/
47. Mai, J.-E. (2013), “The quality and qualities of information”, Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology, Vol. 64 No. 4, pp. 675-688.
48. PHEME (2014), “About Pheme”, available at: www.pheme.eu (accessed March 3, 2014).
49. Primiero, G. (2016), “Information in the philosophy of computer science. Ch. 10”, in Floridi, L. (Ed.), The Routledge Handbook of Philosophy of Information, Routledge, London.
50. Robinson, L. and Bawden, D. (2014), “Mind the gab: transitions between concepts of information in varied domains”, in Ibekwe-SanJuan, F. and Dousa, T.M. (Eds), Theories of Information, Communication and Knowledge, Springer Science+Business Media B.V., Dordrecht, Heidelberg, New York, NY and London, pp. 121-141.
51. Sandvig, C. (2015), “Seeing the sort: the aesthetic and industrial defense of ‘the algorithm’”, Journal of the New Media Caucus, 18pp., available at: http://median.newmediacaucus.org/art-infrastructures-information/seeing-the-sort-the-aesthetic-and-industrial-defense-of-the-algorithm/
52. Søe, S.O. (2016), “The urge to detect, the need to clarify. Gricean perspectives on information, misinformation, and disinformation”, PhD thesis, Faculty of Humanities, University of Copenhagen.
53. Scarantino, A. and Piccinini, G. (2010), “Information without truth”, Metaphilosophy, Vol. 41 No. 3, pp. 313-330.
54. Shannon, C.E. (1948), “A mathematical theory of communication”, The Bell System Technical Journal, Vol. 27, pp. 379-423.
55. Shao, C., Ciampaglia, G.L., Flammini, A. and Menczer, F. (2016), “Hoaxy: A platform for tracking online misinformation”, WWW’16 Companion, Montréal and Québec, April 11-15, pp. 745-750, available at: http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/2872518.2890098
56. Sheffield News (2014), “EU project to build lie detector for social media”, February 18, available at: www.sheffield.ac.uk/news/nr/lie-detector-social-media-sheffield-twitter-facebook-1.354715
57. Skyrms, B. (2010), Signals. Evolution, Learning, & Information, Oxford University Press.
58. Stokke, A. (2013), “Lying, deceiving, and misleading”, Philosophy Compass, Vol. 8 No. 4, pp. 348-359.
59. Striphas, T. (2015), “Algorithmic culture”, European Journal of Cultural Studies, Vol. 18 Nos 4-5, pp. 395-412.
60. The П Research Network (2013), “The philosophy of information – an introduction”, Version 1.0, The Society for the Philosophy of Information, available at: http://socphilinfo.org/sites/default/files/i2pi_2013.pdf
61. Thorson, E. (2016), “Belief echoes: the persistent effects of corrected misinformation”, Political Communication, Vol. 33 No. 3, pp. 460-480.
62. Wardle, C. (2016), “(M∣D)isinformation reading list”, First Draft News, Cambridge, MA, available at: https://firstdraftnews.com/misinformation-reading-list/
63. Wardle, C. (2017), “Fake news. It’s complicated”, First Draft News, Cambridge, MA, available at: https://firstdraftnews.com/fake-news-complicated/ (accessed February 16, 2017).
64. Webber, J. (2013), “Liar!”, Analysis, Vol. 73 No. 4, pp. 651-659.